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Hfc*UVuuvcAtt uiui
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BY JOSEPH VALuENCE BEVAN
PUHLIBUEU evuu
Monday $ Thursday.
it FIVE llOUAns HU ANNUM, PAYABLE IN
AItVA*CK -COUKTBT PAPER, ONCE A WEEK,
T „,i . DOIXAUH PER ASSC.M, PAYABLE
ALSO IN ADVANCE.
I
Fjcr Tli Chronicle.
*i Slic ilied—l dure >-ui tell the l!av>,
UVUON.
The* »auc\Ac.
They finii-d her where the night shade
U f*w ,
The h v and the mournful J'cw —
They matte her.* grave —told—cold and
detp,
,\ik! o’er it the deadly vine doth weep
ItsiUrk and blistering dew.
Tier knell was the bodiug Screcchowl’s
ci y j
Tli K, v.;n croak'd no it flitted by
/. u*tlr,*r pale, w as seen to wave
its warning gleam Upon that grave
Beneath the mouldering yew.
Vet m» legend tells who she may be,
JUT ward'rings or her destiny.;
I'no’sud pcrcnance was that Lady's lot;
.V U) prusonly murks the spot
Where sleeps the death-cold maid.
And often now is heard a s'range sad wall,
Tint rises on the midnight gale ;
J,,' i i!u: shriek of atrouhle'd sprite,
\round that spot in the dead of tin night
Where the Lady’s.corse Is laid.
8.
The hare ami Curious.
Team a Greenock J’apcr.
t\v wv \ U eu\ PV\t.
ila vav ay from his wife and hclplers
*-).1,1 i-v, on’rndny last, Johnny Spriggs, a
ecd .id, by rad** a Tailor He bad a widt
mouth, gig -tag teeth, with a nose of a
.dph burned brick blue, with a lofty bridge
a little sw ietl. Usd on when be went a
w a il.ree-cock’dhit, which probably,
■J, hall chang’d ini" a round one—he was
mc-ivW ins way to Lang Lovoa last Pri
«laj morning, disguised in a clean shirt.
A iv one poison, who will safdy lodge him
in i n jail >d Arran, they will tie liandsomc
)v rewuwkd by hia dimmsolule spouse.
GttIZZEL SPIiIGG 3.
whimsical cliAimv. rnrsESTBU ur a taii.oii
TO A LAWMiJI-
The following bill, in which there is no
small portiftn of humour, was occasioned
h ibis circumstances : An unfortunate
tailor in London, having committed some
burinrssto tint hards of an attorney, well
practisud in his profession, had a bill de
liver* d to him, containing such a variety
of mv xpeettd cltaigcs that lie thought
hunself flee ced unmercifully ; as a satis
li e* ion lor which, he made the subse
quen t charge for a suit of clothes, which
the attorney had had from him, byway
of ■ etui ff and acted, no doubt, on priu
eip: s of equal fairness ami honesty with
thou, of the man of law:
/. s. d
To measuring Making orders? g g g
tiers for sui' of clothes. $
1 tVa ran\and instructions toY
my foreman for executing C 0 6 8
the tatr.c. j
Cluing 3 times to the Woollen j y
Drop r’s, 5
Fees t the Woollen Draper, 4 4 6
Gutting out flic Clodt, 0 6 fi
Mau i ials for working 110
Trying the suit 0 13 4
Ali cations and amendments 18 0
Catering this account on my? jq g
•hty Hook 5
P sung u to my Ledger 0 6 8
I i. tsing ilk k unite 0 13 8
’ll rang to the Hutton Merchant 0 2 13
){< Moving ibe suit from my i i l (j
Ik cue to Gray’s Inn. 5
Jletni'ving- it by , evtiorari.T
ft cm Gray's Inn l" burry, at C I 6 0
, \ our Country House, 3
V w*mg out » receipt with a jj o
'.unp : ! i
F ~ng the same 0 6 6
Sr. (Vices of the same 0 5 0
Ditto eight times more 2 > 0 0
719 15 8
Sitvanak Museum.
From the Cham stun Mcrcurti.
The follow ing experiments cf the effects
oi Gaivanism upon a dead body, were
made by Dr. Unc, cf Glasgow. The
subject wi.s a murderer named Clya
dale, who had been hanged for near
an hour, but without dislocation of the
neck The baltiry used consisted of
270 pairs of 4 inch plates, with wires
of cos municatiuii, and pointed .metal
lie rods with insulating handles. The
phenomena were as follows
Exp 1 A large incision was made into
th> n.ipe of the ncek,tclose below the
(lecipnd. Tt.c prosterior half of the sides
vaeb'rn was then reeved by bone for
ceps, wlu.il the spinifwarruW was bro’t
IntovK-w A considerable incisioii Was at
the same time made” in tlie left hip,
through the,great gnteal muscle, so as to
bring the s >«lic nctvv. to sight ; and a
small ctit was made le 'die heel. F*> '
u. of vhc/jk* did v ;>mud flow. The
jKh.itpd r*-d t»lmecv. i w.th one cn i of
t*c baiterv vai nf ■ . laced in <,contact
v. the s I p w, while the other'
rod was a;, T,: e sciatic nerve. E
>trv no r v ody was immediaie
ly j’giir > ..•* vi nvuiMVc movements,
nsee b mo nl shudfligriug from
cola. vie was most powerful.
i» «>••' ’ - .,«ch rem wa. of the elec
tric c»> • 0.» moving the second rod
from « j U* in el, the knee being
|)W»i*. i* • nt,’irtv leg was thrown out
wiu Mi-, iv .• '>k nc • s nearly to overturn
jc. 4 ; .an *, who in vain altempi-’
cdfSn itj extension.
ji-'2 ! jc.iefl phrenic nerve was
m left at the outer edge of the
Kh /eotbt/i muscle, from three to
lou Inch. . ovc-ibe
Sn us i . having been made by the
so .• of 'be sierno-cle'do-mastoideus.
fncetl... iu.. ; ve is distributed to the
dwphtagtT i'uii tancc it cfinimunicaica
u”
. '• * ~h tin. e,fcK'-. i pair,
u w-.-, by uansmitting the gal
vanic power alo.'g it, that the respirato
ry process would be renewed. Accord
ingly, a small incision having been made
under the cartilage of the seventh rib,
the point of the one insu'ating rod was
brought into contact witb the great head
*>'■ the diaphragm, while the other point
was applied to the phrenic nerve in the
neck. This muscle, the main agent o!
respiration, was instantly contracted, hut
i with loss force than was expected. Sa
tisfied, from ample experience on the liv
ing body, that more powerful cflects can
be produced in galvanic excitation, by
leaving the extreme coinmnnica'ing ro*’s
in close contact with the parts to be ope
rated on, while the electric chain or c:r
cuil is completed, by running the cud of
the wires along the lop of the plates
in the last trough of cither pole, the o
ther wire being steadily immersed in the
lust cell of the opposite pole, 1 oatj im
mediate* recourse to this method, jhe
success (>f it was truly wondcif-il. bull,
nay, laborious b<ea hing, instantly com
menced. The chest heaved, and fell;
the belly was protruded, and again col
lapsed, with the relaxing and retiring
diaphragm"; This process was continu
ed, without interruption, as longaslcon
linui d the electric discharged;
In the judgment Os marty scientific
gentlemen who witnessed the scene, this
respiratory experiment was perhaps the
most striking ever made with the philo
sophical apparatus. Let’it also be re
n.eu.bercd iba* for full hall an hour be
lure this period, tlie body had been well
nigh d rained of its blood, and the spinal
marrow severely lacerated. No pulsa
tion could he perceived meanwhile at the
heart or wrist; but it may be supposed
tha , but for the evacuation of the bl.»o I—
the essential stimulus of that organ—
this phenomenon might also have occur
red.
ll.tp. 3. The supra-orbi'.al nerve was
laid hare in the forehead, as it issues
through the supia-ciliary fora nun, in t lie
eyebrow: the one conducting rod being
applied to it, and the other to the lice),
most extraordinary grimaces were ex
hibited every time the electric discharges
were made, by running the wire in my
hand along the edges of the last Hough,
from the ’.?201h to the 227th pair of plates;
thus fifty shocks, each greater than the
preceding out, were given in two se
conds : every muscle in his countenance
was simultaneously thrown into fearful
action ; rage, horror, despair, anguish,
and ghastly smiles, united their hideous
expression in the murderer’s face, sur
passing Car the wildest it presentations of
n Fuseli or Kean. At this period seve
ral *.f the spectators were forced to leave
the apartment from terror or sickness,
and one gentleman fainted,
J'l.ep. 4 , Tiie last galvanic operimt nt
consisted in transmuting the electric
power fro the spinal marrow to the ul
nar nerve, as It passes by the internal con
dyle at tlie elbow ; the fingers now mov
ed nimbly, like those of a violin per
formcr ; an assistant, who tried to close
the fist, found the hand to open forcibly,
in spile of bis efforts. When the one
rod wus applied to a slight incision in the
ti;i of the fore linger, the list being pro
viously clenched, that linger extended
instantly ; and from the convulsive agita
tion of tlie arm, be seemed to point to
tlie different spectators, some of whom
thought he hud come to life.
Dr Ure seems to conclude that but
for the incisions into the blood vessels
in the neck unci wounds of the spinal
marrow of the criminal, life mhfht have
been restored ! !
—mw/——i !■■■«'■«■ unn—wwN—i
TVui TUiviAu Question.
Extract from an .Irticle in the Supple
ment to the Ath and sth Editions of the
Encyclopaedia Jiritauuica, Edinburgh—
printed June, 1817.
¥LOB.IUa,
A district of North America, belonging
to the crown of Spain, having be<yi ce
il* I to it by Great Britain at the peace of
1733.
When, in 1763, Spain gave up Florida
in exchange for Cuba, tlie British govern
ment divided it in.o two provinces, dis
lingui lied by the names of East and
West Florida. East Florida is bounded
on the north by the river St. Mary, in 30 u
35'north latitude, which divides it from
Georgia. I s eastern boundary is the At
lantic ocean to Cape Florida in latitude
25° 55' north, when, terminating at that
point, it bends to the northward. Its
western boundary is the sea in the Gulf
of Mexico to the latitude 29° 30 u north,
from whence tho river Apalachicola forms
the line which separates it from West
Florida, t ill it meets the coniines of Geor
gia. The province, in shape, resembles a
wedge, the base line towards Georgia be
ing 160 miles: and the perpendicular
line from north to south being 050 miles
As the whole province is a peninsula, it
presents an extended point to the sea
and from its posrion, as well its forma
lion, is calculated, when peopled, to en
joy a considerable share of navigation ;
but the want of secure bays and harbors,
and the dangerous bars at the mouths of
its rivers, forbid any very sanguine ex
pectations of its speedy population being
ii.alited.
The best navigable river on the cast
ern side of the province is St Mary, its
northern boundary. It is navigable, how
ever, abut for a short distance. The
depth of water in the bar is suffi
cient to admit vessels drawing 16 feet,
and at spring tides vessels drawing 20
feel water may enter, and when wr.hin
they are in perfect safety. In the centre
of this rivdr, Amelia Island, winch be
longs to P.orlda, commands tlie ascent
and anchorage. A «nall fortress and a
miserable town called Ftrnandinu, are all
that this Island-contains. It was for, a
short time occupied by u piratical ban
ditti, who assumed to be South American
■ epublicans,uiid wus at last seized by the
United SiaUs troops, mulct pretence of
dislodging tlie depredators. Tlie river
San Juan is about half way between St
Man ’s and St Augustine, Its enhance
is difficult, and will not admit ol vessels
drawing more than twelve feet water, and
even with that draught, it is a very peril
ous navigation.
As most of the plantations, when the
English possessed the province, were ei
ther on the-banksot this river, or on Kio
Pablo, which empties itself into it, it be
came the most valu ble part of the pro
vince ; aud the. town of-St John’s, built
W# *
principally during the American war, hy I
English emigrants ffom (he revolted states, 1
was growing into sorae consideration, 1
when its progress was checked by the '
peace of 1783 j and the consequent remo- 1
ral of the British settlers to the Bahama I
Islands. U is now a place of little im
porlance, and the number of its inhabi
tants has been fast diminishing.
St Augustine, the capital of East Flori
da, is built on an inlet behind the island
of St Anustatia, which forms an excellent
harbour, but difficult cf access. Vessels
of more than ten feet draught of water
cannot enter even at spring tides, and
when of that draught they seldom
escape without striking on the bar; the
greater part of the cargo is therefore usu
ally landed hy lighters before an entrance
’ is attempted. The entrance is defended
; hy a fort on Anastatiu Island, and by a
■ strong fortress on the main land. '1 lie
fort, St Marks, was originally built by the
Spaniaids, but considerably improved and
strengthened by the Uritish. It is built
of stone, has four bastions, (he curtains
between each one 180 f cA in length, and
the rampart is 20 feet in height. The
buildings are very strongly constructed,
they tire partly casern a ted, and mostly
bomb proof. The city is defended by a
double row of lines which stitches s
cross the nock of land that connects it
with the country ; and lints, it it were
; worth attacking, with a sufficient garri
son, it is capable of an obstinate defence.
The town contained, when the Spaniards
.held it, about 4000 inhabitants of various
descriptions, including a garrison of 400
1 soldiers. When, in 1769, it was ceded to
I Great Britain, the inhabitants, with that
attachment to the mother country, its re
ligion, and its government, which Span
-1 iards, and their descendants, have pre
• served in every part of the globe*left the
province, and settled either in Cuba, llis
• pallida, or Louisiana. Only two families
remained under the Uritish government,
i and one of them in the distant woods
i Soon after possession was taken hy. the
British, various plana were projected
for settling the province. The late Mr.
Dennis Uolle, father of the Etcr of that
title, established a large plantation on the
, river St John. The BcreeforJ family of
Ireland attempted another establishment
on the : une ’iver. The reports of the
healthiness and fertility of the country at
tracted various settlers under the auspi
ces of these patrons, hut the projects
were ultimately unsuccessful, and were
finally abandoned. The Grenville family
adopted a more splendid project. Under
their patronage, Dr. Turnbull collected
numerous emigrants from the island of
Minorca, and conveyed them to East Flo
rida. They were bound to serve for a
stipulated term of years, by articles sign
ed before they left their native land. , A
settlement was made at the mouth of the
river Mosquito in latitude 29" 45'and call
ed New Smyrna. The situation was sup
posed to be very favorable for the growth
of silk and vines, to the culture of which
the emigrants from Minorca had been ac
customed. Considerable sums had been
expended in this establishment, when dis
content arose among (he settlers, and af
ter much altercation, they ail abandoned
the' rising plantation, and removed to the
capital It is needless to add, that the
project thus terminated ruinously In
subsequent suits in the courts of law, 1).
Turnbull was unsuccessful, and the Min
orquins declared to he treed from the r
engagements. By the failure «t this
great project the settlers became dis-’
! parsed, ami as they were mostly marri* <!.
multiplied very rapidly, and thus the col:
. ny was growing in poptiU i >n-
When the revolutionary war tool
place, many royalists repaired from Caro
linn and Georgia to Florida, and furthi
increased the numbers and die wealth c.i
the province. In this condition, in 178".
it was ceded to Spain, m exchange for
the Bahama Islands, which that countr
had recently conquered. As the colonial
last s of Spain neither a .mil foreigners,
•except under certain conditions, nor allow
any but Catholics to live on their transat
Jamie dominions, tlie plantations were bro
ken up ; the British inhabitants atid th.cir
slaves removed to other countries ; and
f only the Minoi quins and their descendants
remained to people the. country, thus a
i gain became subject to the Spanish court
They are said to have increased very con
siderably, and now to amount to upwards
of 5000 souls. Some few Spanish fami
l lies have also removed to East Florida;
1 but altogether, the population, including
i imported negroes, is not nearly equal to
what existed when the British rclmquish
; ed the settlement.
l The city of St Augustine consists of 3
t long streets parallel to the shore, a square
f or parade, and several streets that cross
, the principle ones at t ight angles. There
i are two churches, but neither of them
large or highly ornamented. The stale
Incuse built by the British, now called the
i Cibildo, is a handsome building of Stone,
and displays considerable taste. The go
■ vernment house is large and convenient,
hut built without any regular plan, and
t has by no means a prepossessing appear
, aitce The abundance of orange trees
• which arc growing in the town, and which
- are in constant bloom, and have green and
; ripe fruit on them through the whole
, y ear, give a pleasing appearance to this
f place. It is badly supplied,with water,
- as all the springs are somewhat brack
f ish.
There is no other place in East Florida
that deserves even th name of a town.
J Matnnzas, about twenty miles south of
S: Augustine, consists only of a lew scat
• tered plantations; and Few Smyrna has, j
• by the desertion of its Minorquin settleis.
, become almost without inhabitants. There
• are no settlements to the southward ot
i New Smyrna, and only a few tribes of
' scattered Indians resort there for the
■ cltace. Occasionally: temporary habita
: turns are constructed, on the shoie by
1 people fr. m the Bahama Islands, who re
-1 pair thither to catch turtle, or to employ
. themselves as wecAvrs, by saving what
■ they can from the numerous vessels that
a;-e stranded in their passage from the
West tiidies, through tiie Gulf of Florida.-
/)n the western side of East" Florida,
though several considerable rivers empty
themselves into the Gulf of Mexico, no
settlements have been formed, except at
the muutfatof the river St Mark, and that,
though protected by a fort, has gone to
decay, and is now nearly deserted.
The climate of East Florida is perhaps
the most pleasant and salubrious of any
in the globe. It is within the reach of
the tropocal winds, which, in the midst ot
summer, temper the heat and give a dailv .
freshness to the air. In winter, f-osl\ j
1 arc scarcely known, and snow and ice, if i
they are occasionally experienced, disap
pear w>t h lhc first ofihe sun. No
country can b< more free from togs, and
other noxious exhalations; and lienee the
troops quartered here, as well as the m
habi-ants, have experienced a portion of
health and longevity scarcely known m
anv part of the western continent.
The sell of East Fl rida on the sea shore
is generally sandy, and covered with tall
pine trees, without any underwood be
neath them. It is, however, interim.!-
r,[ed with swamps, filled with almost tin
penetrable woods of every description,
and with extensive savannahs, well calcu
lated for the cultivation of rice. The pine
barrens, as they are culled, yield with lit
tle labour vast quantities of turpentine,
tar and pitch. The turpentine exudes by
ti.e heat of the sun alone from the body of
the trees, whose bark ;s pared away to
admit of the action of the sun upon the
woody fibres. It is collected by the slaves
from small boxes cut in the tree, near the
bottom, into which it runs: it is thence
carried to a general reservoir, from which
the casks are tilled for exportation. Ja
extracting tar, the pines are clcll into
small pieces j a kiln is constructed with
them on a grating ot iron bars laid over a
hole in the ground; by means of a gentle
heat the tar is extracted, and runs into
the pit. The pitch is made by a simple
process: two or three red-hot cannon
balls are thrown into the pit in which the
tar is deposited. A fire is by that means
kindled in the mass of tar, which burns
with a prodigious noise, and produces a
very thick smoke, 'lhc burning is contin
ued till the moisture in the tar is consum
ed or dissipated, when the live is extin
guished by laying hurdles over the pit,
and covering them close with sods of turf.
When the substance cools it becomes hard
and shining, and requires axes to chop it
out of tiie holes After various experi
mental projects on the vine, the mulber
ry, and the indigo plants, the English set
tiers, from the year 177 C to 1783, almost
confined their agricultural labours to the
production of these naval articles, the pri
ci s of which had been increased during the
war that raged in those years. The ex
ports consisted then principally of (he
naval stores, with the addition of some
peltry collected by the Indians in the in
terior
boon after 1783, the. Spanish settlers,
increased by recruits from the United
States, and st imulated by the example of
the citizens of Georgia, began to cultivate
cotton. The northern part of the pro
vince was found admirably calculated for
its growth ; and hence attention and capi
tal was attracted towards the hanks of the
river St, Mary, and the boundary beyond
that river, which div-dcs it from Georgia.
By the laws of Spain, her colonies can on
ly export heir productions to the north
ern country, and in ships of that nation :
but the facilities of conveying the cotton
wool grown on the Spanish side., to the A
merican side of the boundary, lessened
this impediment, to the cultivation of the
valuable production best suited to the soil
and climate. The navigation of the river
was common to both nations, and the ships
loaded with cotton from the American
shle of the river had their cargoes princi
p illy furnished to them from the growth
of the Spanish territories. This contra
band trade, which no laws could prevent,
gave a great encout ageraent to the settle
neutron the northern part of the pro
vince, and it has consequently become
both the most populous and the most
.wealthy. A.U-rapts have been nude to
cultivate wheat, but hitherto .without suc
cess; probably owing o the experiments
having been tried on the sandy soil near
the shores, and not on the clay lauds on
ugh- r elevations in the interior. Maize
ud vice art abundant, a.;d form the prin
ipai food of the inhabitants.
The woods abound with troops of wild
•torses, which traverse tire whole peninsu
la. They are of small size, but strong.
They are easily taken and rendered tract,
able by the Indians, who bring them to the
European establishments, and exchange
them for such weapons as they want.
Their value is so trifling, that a good sad
-Me may be exchanged for twenty. Abun
dance of wild hogs are running over the
country, especially over,the islands on the
s a shore, and near the borders of the
lakes. They are not indigenous, but evi
dently of European origin, and seem to
have dunged their nature very little by
having ceased to be domesticated* Num
berless deer inhabit the woods : they are
killeu by the natives principally for the
sake of the skins; but when any of the In
dian hunters take them near the settled
parts, they sell the flesh for food to the
inhabitants, who can frequently, for a
knife not worth in Europe sixpence, or
for some other article of equally diminu
tive value, obtain, the whole carcase of a
deer.
Black bears are numerous; they are of a
very smalt size, very timid, never attack
ing but fly ing from man. The hunting of
them is a diversion to the inhabitants, and
their flesh is considered a great dainty
There are but few cows, and still fewer
sheep, and none of either in an unreclaim
ed slate. Goals have not been introdu
ced.
The sea coasts, the rivers, and I lie
lakes abound with every variety of fish,
and they furnish food to the greater pro
portion of the people, especially on fast
days, and in Lent, which the Minor
quins, as well as the Spaniards, observe
with g:eat rigidity. The rivers and lakes
swarm with alligators, who feed most vo
raciously on the innumerable fry of small
er fish. The abunbance ot these smaller
tub is a most singular fact. The sea
shore abound with sharka, who, when
pursued by those voracious monsters, and
ascending the creeks to parts where they
suddenly contract, so fill the water so as
toimpedetbe passage of a boat. In some
instances, where the contraction of the
stteam is very sudden and very great,
those smaller fish have been seen so close
ly crowded as to become a mass actually
filling the channel, and even rising, so
wedged together, above the surface of
the water.
Though the land near the shore is lev
el, and the soil sandy, yet, on proceeding
to the interior, the pines are no longer
seen, the soil Is richer, and mountains
gradually rise. On the coast, the tuna
or prickly pears form, with aloes, the sole
fences ; in advancing inland, the live oak,
the hickory, chesnut, and walnut trees ap
pear, and there are abundance of cabbage
trees.
I he bird tribes are very extensive and
numerous in both the Floridas. \Viid
clucks and wild geese arc found in prodi
gious flights ;, wild turkeys are plentiful
of a very* large size, some of them weigh.
\utf more than forty pounds. There are, <
besides, buzzards, herons, cranes, par- (
tridges, pigeons, hawks, and macaws, and
many of die smaller kinds, thrushes, jays, <
larks, an l sparrows. . (
There are some considerable lakes in <
the centre of this province ; the most
beautiful is that of St George. It is near •
the source of the river St Juan, is fifteen I
miles long, about ten in its mean breadth,
and from fifteen to twenty feet in depth.
In this lake are some islands, the largest
of them is two milts broad, has a most
fertile soil, and contains vestiges of an an
cient Indian town of considerable extent.
In the centre stands a lofty mound of
earth, of a conical shape, (rom which a
causeway is carried to the shore through
giovcs of magnolias, oaks, palms, and or
ange trees. From the fragments dug tip,
the place is supposed to have been very
populous. It was probably a station of
die Apulachian Indians, whose remains
show some approaches to civilization.
West Florida, in its product ions, in i's
soil, snd climat", so nearly resembles
East Florida, that it will admit of a more
brief description. It is bounded by East
Fioiida to the eastward, Isy the Gulf of
Mexico to the south, to the north its boun
dary is the Gist deg. of north latitude fioin
the Apalachicola to its western extremity,
where the river Iberville sepal ales it from
Louisiana. The province is about I2j
miles in length, from east to west, and
from 40 to 80 in breadth ; and, conse
quently, its longest side is towards the
sea- Fcitsacola, the capital, is in 30° 20'
north latitude, and 8/° 12' west longitude
from London. It is situated on the west
ern side of Pensacola bay, which is a most
excellent harbour, safe from all winds,
has a good entrance, secure holding
gtouiul, in seven fathom water, and ves
sels diawing 20 feet water may enter it all
all times Indeed there is very little tide,
the greatest rise not exceeding one fool* j
The entrance into the bay is defended by '
a fort on the Island of ilosa, and by a bat
tery on the opposite shore. The city is
delightfully placed on the sen-coast, ex
lemjipig a mile in length, and a quarter of
a mile in breadth. It was fortified by the
English, though not in a very perfect
manner ; bat, being well garrisoned, it
withstood a long seige from a numerous
army under the fapanish General Galvez,
in the year 1781. Owing to the principal
magazine, which was supposed to be bomb
proof, having been entered by a silt I!, an
explosion look place, by which almost
the whole powder of the garrison was de
stroyed, and it was compelled to capitu
late. The trade, whilst it was in pos
session of the Hritish, was considerable:
its exports amounting to about 7-100,000
annually, and its imports were nearly of
the same value. Resides the productions
common to both the Floridas, this divis
ion furnished considerable quantities of
dyeing woods, and several medicinal
plants, especially snakeroot and ginseng.
The quantity of peltry collected by the
Indians, and br tight to Pensacola, was
much more considerable titan which found
an outlet by St Augustine, St Joint’s, and
St Jury’s rivers
When Pensacola fell into the hands of
the Spaniards, and possession of it, as well
as of East Florida, was confirmed by the
treaty of peace in 1783, the greater part
of the inhabitants left the country, and
settled either in the United States or the
British Islands; and few Spanish settlers
having fixed their residence in it, the
town and province have, ever since the
change, been in a desolate state. The
expenses of maintaining the government
of the two Floridas by Spain has so much
exceeded the revenues, that they have
required remittances from Mexico, annu
al y, to the amount of 300,000 dollars*.
From Monies’ Geography,— 7th Edition,
jC/iurlestovrtf Printed —1819.
Florida.
This Territory of the U. States is 400
i miies long, from Cape Sable, to St. Ma
, ry*s iliver ; 340 broad, from the Atlantic
. to the Perdido Uiver, which separates it
. from Alabama. It lies between lat. 25°
s &31N. & lon. 80° 30 U 87° 15 W ; &is
: bounded N. by Georgia and Alabama; W
: by Alabama, and tire Gulf of Mexico ; U
■ S. &E. by the Atlantic Ocean.
i The nutuber of Spaniards and Creoles
■ is very small, probably not more than
20,000 in both provinces ; the wandering
: Creeks, or Seminoles, possess most of E.
; Florida.
A ridge of low hills runs through the
1 Peninsula of Florida; but both coasts are
; level and low for a considerable distance
i There is a little upland near the North
• ern boundary.
There is in this Country, r. great varie
i ty of soils. The eastern part of it, near
and about St. Augustine, is by far the ji
i least fruitful ; yet even here, two crops j,
of Indian corn in a year are produced,
f The banks of the rivers which water Flo j,
I rida, and the parts contiguous, are of a j
superior quality, and well adapted to the
• culture of Jlice, and Corn ; while Cotton, :
Coffee and Sugar, may he raised on olh
■ er soils in abundance. The interior Conn* i
try is high and pleasant, abounding with
wood of almost every kind ; particularly ;
, white and red oak, live oak, laurel mag- J
nolia, pine, hickory, cypress, red and :
white cellar- The intervals between the
hilly parts of this country are extremely
rich, and produce spontaneously the fruits
; and vegetables tha 1 are common to Geor
gia and the Carofmas. Rut this country
is rendered valuable in a peculiar man
ner, by the extensive ranges for cattle.
Roth E. £i W. Florida, which ce
dvd by the late treaty, arc less valuable
to the U. States on account of their r '\a,
ductions, than on account of theif com
ntodious harbors and extensive sea coast,
which will accommodate a vast and thrif
ty back country, watered by the numer
ous navigable rivers which passthrough
the Floridas into the Gulf of Mexico.
From Forbes’ Sketches, 14t5 fa 14SM page—
% |.Wz.h. York, Printed —lß2l
Various opinions have been formed as,
to the fertility of the lands in £ast Flo
rida, which common report and geogra--*
phers have uniformly pronounced to be
Sand-hills, pine barrens, and salt marshes.
Nothing but experience can confirm or*
remove the prejudices arising from such
hasty conclusions. By some it is said,
that the Planters of the Southern States
will remove their hands,- under an expec
tation that the lands arc more calculated
for the production of rice, than the C*ro
linas ; and that they-will prefer the moro
profitable cultivation of sugar, and the tro
pical productions, to which the Peninsula
’ is more gepifd, to the trouble and wipowsc
of manuring their present exhausted *4, t
tlements. t J i
The landsin these provinces, : nl.?rs»ct.l I jl
ed in most parts by spacious i. v. Is ■ o
creeks, lakes and ponds, are pn.;ui. ; ,! I ■
otifily composed ofthe following kinds; IB
1. High and Low Hammock. —TractsSß
ancient settlement and population a, e | :
found in these tracts of land. I '
2. -Swamp Lands.—
3 Pine .Lands,— i
4. Salt Marsh Lands. —ißcnerally W.
dering, with.banks of oysters, on the
sea const. ; yi
5 Prarie or meadow lands arc mar- J
giived towards the sea !>v immense quail. 1
lities of oyster-shells, tVotii which, ad.
vancing into the country are often found ,i
extensive plains of grass and c me brakes,
6. fjand-iiiUa wVtc.i run parallel with
the sea, alibi'd little more than small
shrubbery, saw palmetto, wire grass, and
prickly pears, without any other use Ilian J
as beacons on a low coast to mariners, ce
as presenting a variety of romantic *cc« -a
nery. f
The wishes ufll. s state should, most Hf 1
unquestionab'y, be '.ei’uvQ iSpc
Congress takes any decisive step in vela*
tioa to Florida. 8o high an opinion have VtJj
we of lhr patriotism of Georgia, that w® ,
believe, she would, setting aside local con, I
sideiatinns, readily consent to tlie annex*- fl
tion of Florida to her terrilmy, were the re fj
any important advantages iikeiy to be de- R
rived frota that annexation, to the radon- 1
al guvevnwsu*-. >Ve hove seen no at tempt I
to show that any such advantages would By
accrue to the United Slates. This being
the cast?, Georgia is bound to protest a*» a.ttj
gainst ayv extension of Iter territory in tha I
'direction pf Florida. We belie res .we ex-1 1
press the general sentiment of tin; p unpip |
■when we say that we arc decidedly oppo«.| j
sed to the annexation of the territory in |.j
i question to lids state.
Georgia Jnurzia’..
Is I.as been nwt without some degree of !
painful solicitude for the interests ofthe
South, that we have seen a disposition ma- j
nifV sted in this state and Alabama, for the
partition ofthe Flotillas between them.—* ig
In w hat respect the annexation of U Fio
rida can be advantageous or desirable fa ‘Tw-
Geot.tgts, we have not been ab'c lodiscov* ' Ij
er, Oni* readers ate hot ignorant ofthe .1
strut fglc for Federal power which has been |i J
for y cars past maintained in Congress be* jji]'
tw<; tv. the North and East on the one part H;
and the South and West on the other. Inljp
the House es Keptcsenlativcs, so over-B
whe ilniiag is the majority of the former asi |.
to render competition tliere altogeth(.iH|
hopeless. Rutin the Senate, the latter Be
have hexelofore b,een so fortunate as toB
keep In check the power and influence offjl
the other branch. T’iie preponderance inf'-i
the Senate has been maintained bat by a 5/
vole or two. When the tenitory ol Mich-lj
igan shall he admitted into the union,l l
whi. :h may be very soon, we shall have no j 1
rational hope of competing with themfocir
pov\ er, bit by the erection of a state out | i
of t* le Floridas. Arkmisaw is too iiicon-jj
-side rabid to be looncd to as a state for a fid'*
long- time to come —if eve". We stateKF
1 facts, as they exist. ’ The discussion of therv
.Missouri Cluestion must have satisfiedthejfc ! t
p eo| ale of the South and West, that thej^u•"
BS;fet’ it dependence for the security of their,™
ri-gh ts is in their own political strength* .
and that it is not prudent to trust tow■'
inuc 1 to the magnanimity and justice 01
our* i iastern brethren, wln.se prejudices
howi vcuhonest, are in general strong 8|
gain* t some parts of oor local policy.
Southern Pec order.
Division us Florida. 1 ,
So cue time since, the Legislature of Ala*
fc .ama memorialized Congress to attach to
t hat state so much of the province of Flori
da as Ees west of the river Appaiaehicolt.
This application attracted the attention of
etur state legislature, 8c a resolution, intro*
c7.JC.ed by a Mi*. Upson, ofOglethorpe, was.
passed, expressive of a wish of that body,,
that, in the event of the petition of tilt*
state of Alabama being granted, that tliatf
portio nos Forida, “ lying cant of the rive;; j
Appal achicola, and south of liie line now!
dividi ag this state from that province to
thatp oint on the (Jquefanoca swamp, where
said liite now strikes it, and from thence the
most direct course to the gulf stream, bof
annexed to Georgia.” In this resolution!
we cannot but see a disposition favorable
to the interest of our state. If, however,
does appear to uc, that the true policy of '
the state of Georgia would be opposed to
this increase of territory, and we canny
but hope that the south will have a due rt
gard to its own interests, and resist allH
getlier. the division of Florida. Whatcve
may be the determination of the nations:
.legislature upon this, subject, we trast tla’-
i Geotgia will consider well the sni»Jft£t»an4
i refuse to receive any pod ot fNondri chvfW
It he oli'ered. In the mtre acquisition c f
; territory, unconnected with otjye® circuiff
| stances, there can be no advaptsge.
We hope that our members In Congress
: will use their best exertions to defeat the|
division of Florida; and we feel lifciurcalf
- that such conduct will receive the warmest q,
; approbation of their constituents. If'Ccot'*
| g>a refusis to receive a portion ofthe terra
; tory, none will be annexed to, Alabama, fbf I
; the remainder\vouid b*.* too inconaidorftble i
to become a state. It appears to ns that!
it is especially the interest of Georgia tOOji f
pose this division, because there wM!, h L
Florida remains entire, be eventually ft state S
interposed be ween ns and assault ft‘oia|
enemies in that quarter.
There is another point of view hi which -
tlie integrity of the territory oi FiOl'idf. b '■
desi'.abic to us and the south goucvißly.**-1
It will, when she. is made a state, give Utt util,
addition of t-.vo members in the Senate ;*•
which no ,ne who recollects the. etVtitlll!* ;« |
stances of the tate Missouri question will*
deem unimportant to us— Sav, Georgian.
!■!!■ mu rnwni r~,«a«nl
From tht Charleston Courier a) fd<e -■ T “ !
instant. p i
Fi oin 11 av aim a and Fad is.
■ By the brig Philadelphia, arrived thr? •
port yesterday afternoon, in $ (b.va
Havana, we have the pajiers of tK?A <&}'
to. the 13th inst. The brig Rg’tMitdto*
c iptain John Fratt, arrived the;?, QUtba
1 Oth inst. in 39 days from Cadi?.; t>y which
v csael they received dates from UtS s’e"
i bsula up to the 23th of Novem,bc’i‘'«-k«
• ;he latest extracts we observe in oug it's'
papers, are only to the 13th <ik' td.
month. \
These accounts fully confirm j'avytt? V -I
reived a few- days since by an artfvai ’
yustenfrem Gibrahar. f.trnh