Newspaper Page Text
Augusta C\vromc\ft
AND t
Georgia Gazette.
edited bi s
JOSEPH VALLENCE DEVAN.
rCIIUSHKD EVEBT
M mday £5 Thursday.
At FIVE DOLLAR* FEB ANN®*, EATABLE IST
ADVANCE -OOIUTUT I'APKB* ONCE A WEEK,
THREE DOLLARS FEB ANNCM, PAV ABLE
alho in advance.
v ..w»w‘* vvvv ' w * w *
\3iutev\ £totes 7 Wws.
‘ r^ *
JiY AUTHORITY.
[public acts.]
AN ACT making appropriations for the
support of tl»« navy of the U|ii»«l
biales for J,he your one thousand eight
hundred and twenty-two, and for other
■CTScM.I* ,lle Stuß'e and House
of rteprescntativis of the United States
of Amer.ca in Congress assembled, I Hat,
fur defraying Use expenses of the navy
fur Uiaytur one*’ th'ounaiid eight hundred
and, twenty-two, the following «um» be.
and the same arehueby, respectively ap-
For die pay and subsistence of the ol
fkeis. and pav of the seamen, in add. Hon
t J the sum of on* Jmmlrnd thousand dol
lars, already appmymuud, the sum of eight
hundred and .nay one thousand tourhuu
dead and sixty six dollars
for provisions, in addition to the sum of
l\v nty* thousand dollars, already appro
priated, and to an unexpended balance ot
thirty thousand dollars, the turn n, swo
him hed and sixty-si ven thousand two
hundred and filly-eight dollars.
fur medicines, hospital stores, and all
expenses mi account of Uus sick, thirty
two thousand dollars
fur the repairs of vessels, in audition
lothe sifii of twenty thousand dollars al>
ready appropriated, the sum ot tin ee
hundred and eighty-eight thouwnd dol
for improvement of navy yauls, docks,
aiyd tvhsrves, fourteen thousand four hun
dred fttul Hfiy dollars.
Wriv pay ot superintendents, naval con
structors. storekeepers, inspectors of lim
bt r, cldcs of the yards, and mincers,
thiry Six thousand four hundred and fifty
dollars. , , •
for laborers and teams employed in
loading and unloading vowels, piling,
docking, ami removing timber, stores, &c
mid fuel for the engine, twenty thousand
Qol.f PA r ... rfftea
-v ri , ■ ->» .no uuiiuml and ten
tiinnsaml dollars
For tile pay and subsistence of the
marble corps, in addition to an unexpend
ed balance of two thousand dollars, one
hundred find forty -s ven thousand three
hundred and ninety three dol liars*
For clothing the same, in addition loan
unexpended balance of six thousand nine
flu lulled and thirty eiglu dollars and thirty
Jour cents, the sum of twenty two thou
rami s ven hundred and thirty-six dollars
Korfuci for nine hundred and thirty
; fight non-commissioned officers, musi
clans, and privates, six thousand eight
hundred and fifty dollars.
For military stores for the same, the uu
expended balance ot the year one thousand
eight hundred and twenty-one, being ele
yen thousand me hundred and eighty dot-
Jars and fifteen cents.
tor contingent cxpences for the same ;
that is to Ray, fuel lor commissioned oifi
cers, bed sacks, cepuiring barracks, turns,
flirtation and V.avt-lhng expenses to olli
ci ts, postage <»f letters, armorers and ar
morei-a tools and stationery, with ex
tra rations to officers commanding posts,
fourteen thousand dollars
To make good a deficit in the conlin
gent expenses of the marine corps, which
accrued prior to the year eighteen Imu
dred and twenty one, the sum of nine
thousand one hundred and nine dollars
»ud twenty.two cents.
Sec 2. And be it further enacted, That
the several app.opmlions hereinbefore
made, shall be paid out of any money in
the 11 ensury, not otherwise appropriated-
Provnu-ti however, that no money appro-
Priaud by this act shall be paid to any
person for his compensation or pennii
sues who is in arrears to the U. Slates
until such person shall have accounted
for art! paid into the Treasury all sums
for which he may he liable : Provided
further. That nothing in this section con
tain, nl shall extend to balances arising
solely from the deprecia [depreciation]
ot Treasury Notes received by such per
smi to be expended in the public service
Hut in all cases where the pay or salary
of any person ,s withheld in 'pursuance
of this act, it shall be the duty of the ac
Counting officer, if demanded" by the par
ty, his agent, or attorney, to report forth
with to the agent of the Treasury 1).
partment the balance due, and it shall hi
He duty of said agent, within sixty davs
thereafter, to order suit to be commenc
ed against such defaulter.
PHILIP P. DAHIMUR
Speaker of Hu;_ House of Representatives.
. JOHN GAlLL\un,
1 resident of the Senate, pro tempore
'Washington, May 4. 18J2_ '
James monrue. ’ ,
Notice.
]V INL months idler dac application will 1
it U " US honoiubic ih e .lt,gi'iccg
of 1,.c Infe.,ol c m.t. t the countv „f Scriv- <
cn, while siMnigdor ordina.y numos s (,r «
.“1.. «<Ji SJ*;' !
«. vJS? if i"° U “W IhtdE ■
t n .. for thtf purpose of mak
a,l,o"tr the heirs of said dc »
. h° B: H. Burns, I
M*ch H. IUS ,
T
FOREIGN.
■——...- ■-■■ . ■—— ■ ' ft
[From late London Papers, received at this v
Office •] c
An abstract of tfie population of Ireland, |j
according to the late census printed by j
order of the House of Commons, makes a
die number of souls in 1821, in (
Leinster, - 1
Munster, * 2,005,363 t
Ulster, ... 2,001,966 t
Connaught, ... 1,053,918 (
<
Total in Ireland, - • 5,846,949 (
Ihe enumeration of several counties in ,
1813 is also given; and it. i$ curious to oh (
serve that the increase of population has j
been beyond proportion greatest in the ■
disturbed counties. The population of j
Cork County in 1813, was 52',936: in (
1821, it is 702,000, But the most extra- ,
ordinary increase is that of Limerick : in j
1813, it was 103,865 ; in 1821, it is 214.-
.286—-that it, it lias more than doubled it
self ill eight years.
Ivisli Tillies.
The following is the Copy ol a letter sent
to Mr. Hume, Member of die British
Parliament.
t'.n auita iii.e Sm, —The meelingsby day
and by night, that are taking plane in this
country, and the murders and house-burn
ings that are taking place under the name
of Captain Hock, are not done in hatred to
our good King that came to see us no, nor
in hatred to the laws, except those of them
that authorize the valuing of our crops,
the produce of the sweat of our brow I
mean the tithe system. We arc heart
broken with that savage law : our priest,
minister, or landlord, docs not like to ad
mit any knowledge of the poverty and
misery, and even hunger and cold, that we
poor working farmers labour under, lest
we should expect any lenity or abatement
from them ; every one coim-s with an iron
grasp, and an unmerciful heart, and car
ries away each Ills own molly, and leaves
us, their unfortunate victims, to live or
(he ; we will not see or hear Irom them u
guin until they find that by our toil, with
hungry bellies, we caused the land to pro
, duce something that they could again drag
from us ; how can we poor people make
our misery known to Parliament ? None
of our neighbouring gentry would listen
to us, as I said before, not to say that they
would pretend to believe us. Ibe only
way left us is to commit murder and burn
houses, and continue to do so, until by
1 these horrible means it comes to the know
■ ledge of Parliament that there are such
: creatures in the world, and in distress.
'This is the only way left our description
of'people of letting Parliament know that
» tile savage tithe-law is galling us. Many
' times this 100 years back we hung out this
signal of distress; by doing so, we earned,
■ or at least was brought to the gallows.
• The fear of the gallows, which was tftP on
> ly relief offered us, always caused us to
f discontinue our signal, and will, no doubt,
do so now j but as the terror ot the gal
1 lows wears out of our minds, by the pres
> sure of our miseries, nature will again,
prompt us to hang out the signal ot dis-
I tress in murders, assassinations, and house
, Uvauuurtic im; 'uovernntem, but only 'fft
lei *liem t"ew ilmt there are such beings
II l, ithe world, and groaning under that sav
age tithe-law, \\e have no other mode
t; or way of making our misery known but
■ by beginning („ murder and assassinate
L - those inforciiig this savage tithe-law.lf'lh
“ Parliament does not suspend that savage
tithe-law, it cannot do an act of more met -
1 cy towards us poor working farmers than
never to suspend the Insurrection Act, and
1 never to restore the Hapeas Corpus Act;
by that means you will make us pine awayi
and starve in silence on our beds—a death
far more preferable than the gallows; for,
no doubt, If you continue that savage lithe
law, and repeal the Insurrection and re
store the Jlupeas Corpus Act, no doubt
our misery will again urge the necessity
ot making known our miseries by the only
way in our power—that is, by another
scene of outrage and crime against that
abominable tithe system, i heard out of
a newspaper that you are about getting
Parliament to do away with this curse-of-
Uod tithe-law. Uo; and you will give
peace to the poor mail of this country,
who dreads a minister and his tithe proc
tor more limn he dreads the devil ; for
tasting, prayer, and good works may dis
arm the devil himself; but nothing hut
the tenth, not of the poor man’s profits,
but of his entire capital, will soften the
heart of the minister of God ; so that eve
r.V tenth year the m inister robs, or is after
taking away all that poor man’s principal
and profit. Is it possible that such a law
can exist in a country governed by so
kind and so condescending a King in hi s
manners towards the people of this coun
tj) . St. Patrick came to drive away all
the venomous reptiles out of this country;
George IV. came to destroy the few that
remained after him, which turned into
< ruige-men; and you, a messenger from
God, appear to demolish ibis savage rep
tile, tithe-law. George IV. may then, in
deed, well say, that all the noisome rep
tiles, whether in the shape of law or prin
cples, are banished, and that the poor
man cun lay his head on his straw pillow
»i least m peace.
(Signed) c. HOCK, a Poor Farmer.
February 19.
QI’KXN-SgDARE. Riot AT TUB DI'KE Os I
Yomk’s llorsE. ,
.Uadiiue dc , a native of France, <
underwent an examination, being charged t
with creating a disturbance at the door of ,
the Duke ot Vink’s house in the Stable- <
yard, St James’s.
The prisoner described herself to be *
the widow of a military man, who distin- t
giiisncd himself under the Duke of Wei f
hngton, but whose services had not been e
amply remunerated. Her object was to 1
1 P/csdnal interview with the Com- v
mauder-m-Chicf, as her endeavors to oh u
) ov r ,i i ri SS , tl "' o "ff h a,, - v other channel o
L.l.i ,ru l ". less ' hi, e was in a state of ill
■icaiili, and in want of relief.
J'he officers proved the riotous conduct
ot Hie prisoner, who collected a great si
crowd before the door ofhis Royal High w
ness, and they were compelled to take her o
into custody. ( j
Hie Magistrate said, the case had been ai
represented to his Royal Highness, who
was pleased to order a letter to be written f.
to the police-officer, directing every kind (•
attention to be paid to the prisoner. '
A commitment was hen made out for
her, and she was committed accordingly. I c ,
from the K- Y. Daily Advertiser, May 13. -
The London paper# mention that the a
Marquis of Worcester, a w«lower, is about A
to form an union with Mrs. Coutts, the ll
consort of the late Banker, wr.o is sajd to 1
be the richest widow in the three King -
doms. Mrs- C. appears to he in almost *
as great a hurry to get a husband, as Mr
Coutts was l« marry her. In the year t
1816. Mrs. Coutts (the first wife ol Mr. G.) »
died, leaving a husband eighty-one years i
old, who married Miss Mellon, a piay ac- t
tress, (the present Mrs. Coutts) in ten *
days after her death. The family of Mr «
Coutts, consisted of three daughters, who '
were ail married at an early age, one to
the Earl of Bute, one to the Earl of Guil t
ford, and one to Sir Francis Burdelt. «
'l ire marriage of Mr. C. to Miss Mellon,
ff&ve oftciicc to liis children, whcii Mi-
Coutts caused a pamphlet to he publish
ed, the intention of which was to bring
his children down to a level with lus new
wife. The work in (pit stion was entitled
«< An account of Mi. Coutts’ first wile,
Belly Stavky, and of the present 'Mrs
(Joints. It related that Elizabeth Starkey,
the daughter of a husbandman in Lan
cashire, was a fine young woman, beauti
ful and handsome, and servant to Coutts
brother, and that she was married to •
Coutts, and became the mother of two
Peeresses and a Baronet’s lady, bucb a
man was Coutts I lie Banker.
Carlisle has opened a new 1 emple or
Iteason, near his old stand, and fitted up
like his former establishment, with invisi
ble agems behind the curtain.
The Cape town Gazette (Cape of Good
Hope) states that Mr. William Jones is
appointed Surveyor of Government Buil
dings, an office worth 500 pounds per an
num. This William Jones is said to be
no other than the noted spy, Oliver, who
acted a conspicuous part in the Gato-sl.
conspiracy
Lieut. Col. Alex. Walker,is appointed
Governor, of St. Helena.
An action was lately tried in London in
which the plaintiff was tin* driver of u
coach. The declaration stated that while
the plaintiff was driving his vehicle in the
public highway, the wheels of the carri
age sunk into an excavation in the road,
by which he was thrown from his seat and
had one of his thighs broken. The exca
vation had been made by the servants of
the South London Water wotks Compa
ny. The action was brought against the
company for leaving the road in such a
dangerous state, and the damages laid at
one thousand pounds The jury return
ed a verdict in favour of the plainlitl—•
damages 500 pounds.
'l'he Count Chateaubriand, lately ap
pointed French Ambassador to London,
appears to have been received in England
with marked distinction. At Dover two
salutes were fired, one on his landing and
another on his departure for London
she Count had arrived in London accom
panied by a numerous suite. A sumptu
, mis dinner was prepared on tbe occasion,
and a numerous train of servants were in
attendance, dressed in grand stale liveries
of scarlet, richly embroidered in gold
k lace - . .
The Duke of Devonshire is said tone
smitten with the charms ol Lady Eliza
> W&J in Tehuzueta, made to Gen. D’Ever
, enx, by Bolivar, when brought to the
hammer at the Auction-market, sold fo>r
i tl,ree hundred and fifty guineas onlv, be
t >ng less than a penny an acre.
The schooner Linenlrall, of SS tons
burthen, sailed from D iblin on the 25tli
March last with 25,000 guineas on board,
shipped by the Bank of Ireland for the
Bank of England. This vessel was lost
<he coast of Aiklow, with the whole
of her cargo.
At the last Crown Assizes in England,
4j felons received sentence of death
Mercy had been extended to all of them
but seven, who had been ordered forexe
cution. %
On Monday week two labourers trench
ing hr a field, called die Faper Mills, east
of Pontefract, found a large stone coffin,
hewn out of the solid piece, measuring
seven feet in length on the outside, and
six feet five inches within. It contained
a perfect skeleton of a man, who appar
ently had been beheaded The skull was
placed on the lower part of the body, and
a stone was placed where the head should
n ’ ? s ll 80 , 0n as *-l ,e a ' r was admitted, the
nos fell down. The top of the coffin was
minted like the roof of a hnttsi, ami was
eleven inches from the surface of the
earth. It is tire general opinion that these
were the remains of Thomas Karl of Lan
caster, who was beheaded on a hill to, tfie
East of Pontefract, on the 22Jof March,
1322.
Ihe Turkish Ambassador, who was at
Paris in 1798, bought a diamond of a jew
i-'lcr in that city While the bargain was
concluding one of his people stole a ting
V 'utle child saw it, and told his father
after the Turk was gone. The jeweller
immediately wrote to tbe Ambassador,
who sent him word that he should wait
twenty four hours. At the expiration of
this time the jeweller received a box di
rected to him, which he opened, and
tumid in it the head of the thief, with the
ring between hi# teeth !
M. Bafli, the celebrated Roman che
mist, has received from the Viceroy of
Egypt a present of 100,000 crowns, 'and
the title of Bey, for having discovered a
method of producing saltpetre, without
tbe assistance of tire, by the mere heat of
the sun. Previous to this every hundred
weight of saltpetre cost the viceroy ten
crowns, which is reduced to one crown,
tlie new method. The manufactory
erected by M. B ifii in the great square
ot Memphis, has furnished within the last
year, 0000 cwt of saltpetre.
A new iui-kish army is assembling in
the environs at Nyssa, and another on the
.rentiers of Bosnia 'The troops in the
em uons ot Sophia have set out for. .(he
Danube. It is expected that the Turks
" ill shortly enter Serria, and the situation ‘
of Prince Miiqsoh, when hostilities break \
irut, may become very critical.
Algemeinc- Zcitung.
IONIAN ISLANDS.
Accounts from /.ante of the 11th Feb
tay, that the division of the Ottoman fleet
which lately Ft ft Constantinople has been r
fit Kavarino. It consists of six ships of
ho line and 2 frigates, and has troops and i
imuuinition on board. L
According to the last accounts only t
uur millions were found in Ali’s treasury c
.3,6000 francs ) ‘ ’ |,
London April 5. r
A very respectable merchant lias re- n
ietved a letter from Trieste, dated the h
. %.4 •
24fh uit. giving a very detailed account i
the naval action betwixt he Grecian i
md Turkish fleets on 3d ult. It stales I
that the Captain of an English man of " ar
bad bro’t the news that on the Ist of Match
the Turkish fleet, composed of 6 ft igal ca ,
■i corvettes, 23 brigs and smaller vessel
and 4U transports, passed Cerigo, and ilia
-5 went to bapienza to procure water. In
flic meantime that the fleets of Specious
and YdriolU had joined on the coast ol
Zante, and having received information of
the Turkish fleet, that they sailed to Cape
Passa, and on the 3d of March came tu
sight of their enemies with a favourable
wind.
The battle was begun on the part ol
the Greeks by Capiaiu Golobolassi, com
mauUmg a brig of 18 guns, against alaitre
Algerine xebec ot 24 guns. Captain
Cnlubotassi sent a fax-snip against tlu
xebec, which immedia-eiy look fire, but
he could not clear hints.'lf from his ene
my, and both ships bmw up with their
crews. About 3 o’clock, P. M. the en
gagement became general, and continued
until two tne next morning with great, ob
stinacy. T.ie result was honourable to
tin Greeks. All the Turkish transports
were dispersed, 25 of their vessels (great
and small) were captured, and the shat-
Hered remains of the Mussleiiten fleet re
tired into the Gulph of Lepanto. Tue
Grecian fleet was in pursuit of them when
the English Captain sailed for Corfu to
give Sir T. Maitland notice of the event
He reached that island in 19 hours, and
was immediately ordered to Trust- .q
Sir Thomas with dispatches, which were
forwarded to Vienna, when the vessel ar
rived.
London April 7
Two mails arrived yesterday from Hol
land with Papers to the 5 h inst. An ar
ticle from Trieste, dated the 15 h ol
Ma ch, gives the following account of the
naval engagement between the Turks and
the Greeks.
“ On the 3d March the Greek fleet, 7U
sail in number, sailed n o the Gulf < 1
I»dras, where the Turkish fleet, nearly
tqua! in number, had arrivetl before it.
Tlie battle that ensued was fought with
great obstinacy on both sides ; it contin
ued during the greatest of the night ; the
darkness, indeed, interrupted it fur some
moments, hut it, was always renewed with
much fury, and lasted twenty -eight hours.
At the end, the Turkish fleet, which was
completely defeated, whs f/reed to seek
■ safety in flight-—The r.still was, that the
Greeks captured tiven ) live ships, ran
live Turkish ships aground, and blew up
’ two Algerine xebecs. The Greeks lost
seven vessels, which were sunk, and their
• Vice Admiral, Botaze, with his brig. This
> brave captain, tiding between the twoxs
' bees, fired a red hut ball at one of them,
1 which fell imo the powder room, and set
I tire to one .vessel lit blowing up it de
stroyed also the Vice Ada iral’s brig and
* the other xebec. Tae Turks, pressed on
aM sides, fled with the rest of their ships,
I and hastened to the Gulf of Lepanm.
II The Greeks, having detached some of
5 their vessels to convoy their prizes toNa
-1 varino followed to the above-mentioned
Gult without obstacle, through the Little
e Dardanelles, and prosecuted their advan
- tagea.”
Late from Maracaibo.
We ale m -eoi«d o Cap,. Wimams, ar
’ r,Vc d yesterday from Maracaibo’ In u re
gular fiie of papers to the 14,h ult. inciu
s s ' ve » as also for some verbal inle ligence.
I, President's Message to Congress, te
commendmg tile n cognition of booth A
’ merican Independence has been received
[ at Maracaibo by the sclir. Lottery, from
. Baltimore. "1 he most enthusiastic demon
Strattons of joy were evinced on the occa
sion : the InU-iidaiu’s palace was brilliant
’ ly illuminated, and rockets were fired
( from the public square.
Gen. Morales made his appearance at
Alta Gracia, (opposite Maracaibo ) on the
, March, and in consequence Lino
[ , Clements, the ituendani, issued a proc
lamation on the 9th ult. declaring the city
; to b; under Marital Law.
i W ’ s ,orce was reported to be about
, oWU strong, about one half of which were
new troops. He occupied .he coast from
Panto de Palmas to Alta Gracia, (about
lo miles )
1 he Patriot force at Maracaibo, was un
, tlel ; Lhe command of Col. lose de los Horns,
ami consisted of the Ualialiou of Tirade
ns Pe la Cuurdta, und.-r limit, cid. li rn
oold; tile Battalion of Carabobo, under
neut. col lb and ; the Battalion of Mara
cat bo; a brigade of artillery and 2-JJ
cavalry.
Despatches had been sent to col. Penan
go, who had arrived at Coro, from Carac
cas, and when lit; Sally sailed, (2jth u:t )
r ex with a force
ot -UpO infantry and SJO cavauy well
mounted. He had received supplies from
Ctitiacpa, and intended immediately to
mice up the line of march. His command
was composed of the battalions of Bravo
de Apuic Box aim. Occidcnle, Orinoco, and
4Jd cavalry Horn dm Umnlians of the
, . • . - ui uiv
General in Cnief Antonio IV.tc.
la addition to thu above, the palrio l
force was aagmo.ded by a detachment o
° JU infantry from Uio de la lla'clia—tin
vaa guard of which arrived at Maracaibt
the day before the Sa ly sailed
I rom the situation of the place where
ticn. doralcs’ force was concentrated, it
vvas thought that he would not be able to
a relrcUw
wiof"' L>aeZ vvas besieging- Porto Cabello
'V lh , a respectable force, it was also
closely blockaded by sea, so as to prevent
the importation of supplies. 1
Col ‘° Was also b| ockaded
! -. ,l P atriot fjrce, consisting of five arm
Uelnclfe.* 8 * “" dCr CJ,n,ria,ld Commodore
Tne Liberator President had arrived at
I opayan, to open the campaign, and seve
ral letters had been received from bis E^-
de iw l s CC I‘TeS,den 1 ‘ TeS,dent ' at l-'e
de iisgota, from winch it appeared the
campaign would result favorably to the
Columbian army ~V. y. Guz, 1
Baltimore j\lay 16, 1822,
a i if F , uo l l mah\caibo.
A let.er dated Maracaibo, April 16 ifioo
received in tins city, says • ’ 1 ~ 3 *
“ General Morales the Spanish General
miniring
Sa
legion, that came out with General Deve^
nuke'VJeneral 1^6 ’ T* Bhould M <
"c wiuiS i 8 * I ; l ' l ' l,ave ■“>
ue wiii meet with a dreadful defeat, as it
is a war of extermination on both shies. 1
God only know s the consequence to those <
brave men should lie succeeded. beet V !
is under the sir iciest martial law. - i
“ Two merf,.Spaniards, delected in sup
plying the enemy, were led out to tut
square yesterday and shot. The report as
;o the numbers of Moiaks’ troops vanes
but there is no doubt be is three thousan
strong, and a considerable number Europe
an Spaniards. I think, however, nothin*
can withstand the British legion, it they
liave any thing of a chance.” * atrtot.
wHiniMiiiTnruu j.iui—
A guicultuual.
“ dhid he gave it for hit opinion, that
tritoever could make two ears oj corn or
two blades of grass, to grow upon a. spot uj
ground where only one grew before, ruouLl der
serve better of mankind, and do more essen
tial service to las country, than the -whole
race if politicians pul together, I'— 1 '— Stvur.
Polatoes.
A gentleman in the New-Haven t’ilot,
, gives the following, as his' method ot r.ds'
ing pdutoeji, which he has pursued wilu
. success tea years ll is simply this; after
dropping the. potatoes, ! lake a l.rge ta
ble qioon full of in r slacked lime aiicl pul
on the potatoes, and iheti cover th- m.
i Ijieie will be more potatoes in conse
quence, very few small ones among them,
i Uich moist land is preferred, hut it wii!
answer Well on any land, and particularly
on sandy land, which will make large
. mealy potatoes.
Halt. Fed. Rep.
From Essays by “AG RI COLA 11
lF Indian Corn, Ko. 53.
e The rr(KiPsi of cultivating Indian corn
vary in different districts and states, S
which are no doubt influenced by differ
ence of soil and climate- The manner
and'.i r is experimentally acquainted, and
winch is now spreading through many of
he aJj lining states, ns according to lie
system detailed in Taylor’s Aratbr. This
system has been fully 'csted hy experi
ence, and is found to possess so many ad
vantage* over the old modes ofcuitivuiing
corn, as to render it highly piobahle that
it will in a short lime entirely supercede
Mem. The brevity which 1 have pre
scribed to myself jii-these essays, will on
ly permit me to collect and arrange some
of the most leading features of this sys
tem, referring the reader to that book for
a more detailed account.
The corn is drilled and cultivated in
ridges which are ploughed but one way,
and that in the direction of the ridges ;
cross-ploughing being entirely abandon
ed- The ridges arc live and a halffeet a
part with deep water furrows between
them The field being once thrown into
the position of ridges and furrows, never
re iwires to be laid olf again The mid
dle, or water furrow, is left as dec-]) as
possible, when the culture of the coin is
1 finished; and when the field ccines again
into corn, the list or ridge (hy reversal)
is made upon this middle water furrow, so
that the e isa regular alterniiy between
the position of ridges and furrows, it is
. “est flush up the ground, viz. to
plough it into a flat surface, in the fall or
winter, and list h in the spring; by which
mei ns the whole of the ground will be ’
entirely and well broke up, which could
not be so well done by ridging up a fl u
surface. A field already in the position
of ridges and furrows is fallowed up or
reversed in the following manner. A
large mould boa'-d plough drawn by two
or move horses, and cutting a sod twelve
inches wide and six or eight deep is run
on i ach side of the old water furrow and
la:s " s a "st or ridge in its centre, on which
to plant tiie corn. These two furrows
y.iii leave aslipe of the old ridge, which
issjj.it open and the earth thrown each
Way by a large rowel hoe plough having
a coulter on the point, two mouldboards,
virawn by two or more horses and cutting
ten inches deep If the soil is stiff or
tough, the firs; plough ridges on the old
water furrow, with lour furrows- (two on
cither side.) This ploughing ought to he
done in the fall or early in winter; in the
spring at the time of planting, on the
summit of the ridge'or list, a'deep and
wide farrow is run with a trowel-hoe
plough and two mould hoards, in which
the corn is planted and covered with the
loot between two and three inches deep,
ihe distance at which the corn is to he
p.anted will be regulated entirely hy the
jl. 1 y the soil, and must be Lit to the
farmer's own judgment. In land however
capable of producing forty bushels to the
acre » 11 hiay be planted at J feet f» inches,
(‘he distance ot Uie apart) by 2 feet
9 indies, laving two stalks in sandy and
three in stiff lands In low ground; the
corn may regularly stand at ti.e distance |
of from eight to eighteen inches, accord
ing to the quality of the soil.
1C v r i ~ ■
1 ,u : s . tillage given to The corn after
Jt P lanll "ff» 18 by lunning- a deep farrow by
jf * ‘a'tfe moiild-boahl pluiigU on cash sid'-
e °; ll ‘ e Co! ' n tile com is u-ryfow,
o ," s tu, ' row must be run so far from is, that
tbe earth raised by the mould board v d
e n s c l U!,e resell it. bat be left on each
it s !‘, * Sl> as to forin u narrow trough on the
o ", -> e * n vv ’bich iht corn stands, u. be fill
ed up by the iiand hoeing immediate'v
o 1 °V oWul ff *>>'B I'urrdw. Thenceforth tl.l
n lilia ß' e l() be performed by the use of skim
t liters or harrows, and of a centra!, deep
and wide furrow by trowel-hoe plough
J ami two mould boards, to be repeated
wnen necessary. The whole to be con
; eluded with a narrow weeding or ha id
hoeing along the slipe in the direction of
; , 16 rou ’> not kept completely dean by the
borrows J
. In the cultivation of Indian corn, there
are two things particularly to be attended
to by ail those whose object is to make
good crops, viz. manuring and deep
■ P loU K b ‘ug There is no crop which is as
> speedily & as mnen benefited by manure as
; ln^, ,an corn - The good crops of con,
; winch are generally obtained from ordina
ry land, prove how vastly these crops may
be increased by making the laud richer by
manure- Ihe sudden growth of corn upon
coarse manure, dem- nstraiesthe vast be
nefit to be derived from litter as coarse I
ami hard as corn stalks even whilst tlwir i
degree of putrefaction is inconsiderab!-.: I
a (act which should induce us to save and
convert every dust of iis olfal into manure. !;
and manure highly for corn. In its cul- ; i
nation, therefore, the first improvement
required, is to manure it at the usual rate i ■
of other crops; and to he able fVu! vv ■
estimate its value, the land should be lon/%'
good heart when it receives tins mmuitoudl <
ing. ri
The second is to plough deeper itijlofjsfl ;■
we plough at the present. Tue !i .lexlri *
ploughing, which is to answer the cn¥Pß
both of a fallow and a list or ridge iijP o ® v
which to plant the corn, is by
most material part «>t the system, and ii ’I 1 ® *'
deed, the only good security for its
cess. The ploughing must be deep. u.» r< |jp
well executed,-«o aa’io-ormiitji into t, 1
old water lonov, a cons dm able mass d: e9 PI
the litter produced by tncios'n.g, whetlieflßlf* !
weeds or clover.
The Indian corn is a little tree and l|onct;
roots correspondent .to’its size, v hI.F difUl
strike deep into the soil both _to pn.ci
n lurishmeul and to- strengthen itseii.fc K,tt £
gainst severe winds—lt. therefore itWj® 1 '
quires a deep pasture —im.lihoUloap u . t ;,Btrae
grout d is ploughed, the snurfi
will arise and be retained, vtdiic’i
prove of essential beneiit to the
seasons of drought Dee p ploughinir:.
so saves labor in the cultivation
| crop, wltertas shallow plough!, g inert*, HH'
Jit. Hp
By shallow ploughing, the secu-BH,
and weeds arc kept iitji* tlit; f
lace ready to sprout upon the occuirtij Hngr
of eveiy warm and moist season,
L they appear in millions, and instantly,, HjL e
quire tSite plough, however r.ccntly iiy/^E cs
ijy deep ploughing, it skilfully du, l^^Lj]
j thesesec<J» whicii abound moat near ,
surface, are buried so deep as to apy^HEL.
\ slowly, and in small numbeis, so ll IN ‘foil c
repetition ol ploughing is tar ,eti3 necn v
ry. One or two deep pfougliiugs, acci);;,Bj|ii
ing to the nature of the sod, will, ViijKlsi
the subsequent use of skimmers orii.i.Kali
rows, serve'to make the crop Os corn: uKta
place of which four or five shallaw plouAßitif l
ings with the same aid, might often
it strov it. Balm
E— mm — i A———i
Till'. A UTS. *&•
*—— King]
From the J\\ V, Commercial Mvertier B twlj
Lithography is the art of taking
sions from Drawings or Writings n&oHpl
Stone. It was diseoveied at Mm.iit,
1800, by ti singer in the theatre Brrfl
who was accustomed to engrave tcvßljfl
on stabe or slate; to save the expeitc Atß
metal. Me chanced to drop soap onwßyiß
part of the slab, and found tliut in HndK
part the ink adhered to the slate, atvß »g
printing gave an impression, as well iHe (,
the figure had been engraved. lie inv.iilgt ,■
dialely conceived the idea of only ■ mail ise;l
ing the surface with a soapy.-substaia ee t
instead of engraving into the slate, ll '6O 1
succeeded in printing from this; and., t'ti
terwards substituting a light coloured c<-.(is, it
pact limestone (which abounds near lfjen-1
nich) (or the slafe, he laid the f,>ur.du;.tAjhft*
for all that has since been done in this ah|
and elegant branch of the fine arts, ilrdh
was patronized by the Elector of liav: kept
anil subsequently by the Emperor, lie pi
of whom granted him exclusive privile t b94»
in the use of ids discovery. From hnuef
many the art was introduced by steJe&|
into France. The Count Lasteylie so df
this purpose assumed a disguise, oblaid rdipi
admission to one of the eslablishmen'.sktSti
Munich, when- he laboured as an as-is'wiif
for 8 months, and then returned to PsAas
tints set up a Lithographic tstablishme;A d
of his own. The art was adapted to uKI
habits of the French, and made very
progress: it was applied to the first
partr.icnts of engraving, and was fund;
one of them, especially for represents.!:,
in natttral history, to be suptridr to
other method, 'i’here are now no
<hnn sixteen establishments of this
in Faris ; those of Count Lastey'rie
Mr. Engelmairn especially, are of
tent and value. In England, Lillmgrajlißß
was first in reduced by a Mr. D’Ofit nbe-'.iHj
in 1801,who went from Munich to
for that purpose, li met at fiist with uH
ther a cool reception, so much so tha-idfl
Oifenbeach’s successor returned,to C ofl
many in didgusl- LVut it 'continued loi-ft B
used by government for the muiiiplicati).HH
of military plans and maps, to le sent to®
the army, (for wlpcltf purpose, anil a.-®
despatches of all kinds it was also used by’ fl
Bonaparte,) until by degrees the art u-'®
came more known ana estimated; andiidß
is a't present in use to a considerable t.v-w|
tent, boih in the mercantile comnmniimM
(or the copying of letters, invoices, kAl
and among ihe lovers of beautiful arli'ißw!
drawings of every description ; the cclWct
hrued Mr, Ackerman has brought pw
hy Ms patronage to a high degree of inlets
. pfovcm at. Last year two geutienr Vi
from Paris, came to this city with a liila ad 1
grrphitj press and a quantity of lac Matr I
iiio;) sioite; but being strangers to ounid
country and ilg imbits, they did not adapt' d<
the proper inode qf making themselvidsp,
god their intentions known, and henettue
have remained in cempa ative tbscuiuy.tCl
Several specimens, however, of latu-icapf'd
figures and flowers, were executed here on
during the winter, by Mr. Sunsbtiry, Mr- -W
Mi.bert, anti some oliters ; and one u,n-ot
.two -of the plates in Silliman’s J;>urnal, >
were aiso printed at Uys same estubiisu- Mi
ineut. *■!
r'lie art rests upon the three following PI
principles: Ist, 'las facilities with whi'h jl
water is imbibed by ealuaicous stoiws fl
The Strong adhesion vv?i,ch exists W
resinous or oily substances and c alt arc** ‘W
stones. 3d, The affinity which resino* H
or oily substances have for each oth.'ii fl
and the quality which they possess of re W
polling m aier, or any body moistened wita HB
water, From these principles the fjll' l *- W
ing results may be deduced- Ist, Tint
the tracings made upon the polished 3®
face cf a calqju-eous stone, with any resit 1 RJj
ous or oily substance, adhere so closelyK
it that they cannot be removed without
employing mecbanicle means for their sc- I
paration. 3d, That while the other part*
of the stone receive an imbibe the wa-ttt ■
which is poured it, the water is rt - F (
peiled by the reSinuus or oily parts. n
That when any colored substance of ai'f” 1 ' 1 !’ R
or resinous nature is passed over the sU |lie R
thus prepared, the color will adhere !'• ■»
the resinous tracings, while it wih be re- R*
stated by the watered parts of tint stone- R
The process, in short, depends entirely r
upon the watered parts oftltc stone rciu-* ■
ing the oily coloring matter and the rL-
sinous tracings repelling the water : so
that when a sheet of paper is applied to
tile stone duly prepared, llte oily tracing*
which alone are colored, give the impre-.--
turns.
Cheapness and despatch distinguis i tl'"-‘ •
art. A page of music written upon stone, 5
in an hour, lias yielded seventy tnoufand t
impressions. But this is not its only
vantage; the admirable.truth and p«ct»‘