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vu idea i ■ 1 aag 4
AUGUSTA
AND
OeoTg\a GaxeUc-
SPITED II
JOSEPH VALLENCE SEVAN.
I 1 » ■■' ' -' ~~
ev»ht
Monday $ Thursday.
4t WV* DOIXAHS PER ANNUM, I'kIABUK IN
advance-r.o»mnr papeh, o*tn a weak,
THREE IOLLAUS PER ANNUM, PAVAILE
ALSO IN ADVANCE,
» 'p’j,,. Law* of the U. HihU'« arc Publinhorl In thl* paper.]
adware*
Original.
.jThc foUowinp Urn s were written by one wlio wm
%nown jieisoimUy or by reputation to uiuttol our tvatl
cn■—lb« itutbur died 100 soon for his State of wiiicii
Jii' »in the pride, omt wmiuct iliil for human BtiUuc •(
Which lirwiu the ornament.]
The Marta gw hut bloom'd so guy,
That Sol tfoes wooiiig ail the tluy,
And Luna with her lamp on btgb,
ru,-)., from u cloud in potting Ijy
y, itli envy ut this flower mi dear, <
The fav'rite of my Indy fair.
,ti\u then nweet I.illy of the mount,
Pew rd your mUlruM' tender cure;
Be liiou! her ever livlujr fount
Os pleasure sw oof, n« thou art nuti
Within tbit golden, perilled cup
The Sylphs w hich hover in liie air
Shall rock ; thcli revels broken up;
Ami pu>rd thee for thy Lady (air.
Then, 1 will love thee, M attain in!
Wiilst my Mod Luily lovet dice loo,;
Aud thou shall be our paragon,
\\ o loving ouch, while loving you
[Wc nre ennMod to mention, that the Ode winch fol
lows, Was written by a gentleman, whom we nre alike
a-egor to claim and proud to acknow ledge us a -door*
*!»«.)
FROM THE FORT FOLIO.
The following line* belong to, The Port Folio, if
they are noil by of surli ownership. They were sujf
iresleil by a little French Ode, entitled • ha Ololrect 1«
U«‘pos,” and printed in that paper some years since
Inn liie fancy of the author, who 100 much loves What
he praises, led him to change the jJan of his poem,
’till it scarcely retains a trace of tba original, uipl ha*
lust In beauty us much as in resemblance.
ODE TO EASE.
1 never bent ul Glory's shrine,
To Wealth 1 never bowed the kneej
Beauty tun beard no vows of mine,
1 love time, base,and only theei
lb •lir Pd of the gods urd men, j
Shier of Joy and Liberty,
W hen wilt liiou visit me again;
. In lonely wood, or silent glen,
By falll iff stream or rocky den,
Like those where once 1 found I hoe, whoy,
the ills of Poverty,
And \t Udoiii’a wanting prophecy,
X listened to thy siren voli a,
Ai d made tliee mistress of my chelee*
I chose thee. Ease! ami Glory fled,
For me no more her laurels spread.
Her golden crow n Shull never shed
lit Warn* of splendour round my huafly
And when within the narrow lied.
To Fefne and Meui’rv ever dead,
< 3VTy wretched corse Is tfisown ■
fsor stately column, sculptur'd Im*,
I Nor urn that holds within its trust
The pour remains of mortal dust.
Nor monumental alone;
Nor willow, to iug iu llio gale.
Nm (Velde fence with whiten'd !«>*
No: rustie cross memorial trad,
Shall mark the grave 1 own.
No lofty deeds in armour wrought,
No hidden truths in science taught,
_ No aiidUiHivnred regions sought.
Nor classic page with learning frang]^
Nor eloquence, nor verse divine,
No daring speecli, nor high design,
Nor patriotic act of mine.
On hlst’ry’s page shall ever tiiiiMS
Bm mail till nrt ages lost,
Not even a wreck, tradition-tort,
V what i was when valued most J
Hr the few triends whose love 1 liuasf,
Tli after yours shall deal to shore,
And set vo to tell the nsiiiu 1 bore.
I chose llieo, Ka e! ami Wealth withdrew
Indignant at the choice I made,
Ann to her liiwt resentment (me,
My scorn with tentold scorn ivpaiA
Now noble palace, lolly dome,
Or cheertol, ho-pitalile hoinc.
Are comforts I mu-t never know;
IHy euemies shall ne'er repine
At pomp or pageantry of mine,
Nor prove, by (lowing at my shrine,
Their soul- are abject, base, and loVfc
No wo id’ri’ig crowd sludl ever stand
With gating eye and waving hand,
To mark my train, and pomp, and show>
knd worst of all, 1 shall not live
To lane die pleii'-uro* Wealth can givey
At hen used to ssotli another 1 * wo.
The peasant* of my native land
Shall never praise my open hand j
No wUndering bait! shall oelatrele
it s imtron's hosphalile gate :
So wui-worn HnUl.fr, shaderu tar,
Nor e:.ile driven from afar,
Nti hapless friend of former yean,
Ncr vv Kiowa* pittv or», nor orphans’ tearV
Nm relieved from cares,
Nor Innoccnee preserv'd from snaros,
Nni noutelesH wanderer cloth'd and fed,
Nor slave from bluer bondage led,
Nor youth to noble actions bred,
Shall call down blessings on my heads
X chose thee. Cade, amt yei the w hile,
ao -west was Beauty * icornfid smile,
Bo ' ought with every hvvedy w.la,
\ ct seemingly so void of guile,
It did hut heighten all tier charms:
Aral, goddess, bad 1 loved thee lhe|R
But with the common love of men, ~
My fickle heart had chang'd again,
Even at the very moment, When
1 woo’d thee to my longing arnut
Eoi never may 1 hope to meet
A- mile so sweat, so heavenly iwee%
I chose thee. Ease ! and now for ma
No been shall ever loudly .well,
Nor voice of soothing malodr,
Awake the music-breathing shell j
Nor tongue of rapturous harmony,
Its love in fidtVmg accents tell;
Nor flushing! cheek, nor languid eye,
. Nor sportive .mile, nor artless sigh;
Confess oflertion all as well.
Ao snowy Un-om's fall aud rise,
Shall e’er again enchant my eyes ;
A" melting Dps, profuse of bliss,
Shall ever greet me vv ith a kiss ;
Aor balmy breath pour in mine eSy
Tin' trifles love deligou to heoi' j ’
Hut living, loveless, hopeless ],
ftmuourned and unlov’d must die!
1 chose thee, Ease,ami yet to me,
t oy and ungrateful thou hast prov’A
Though 1 have sacrific'd totliee, ~
Much that was worthy to be lov'ib
But come again, and 1 will vet,
Tliv past Ingratitude forget :
.Oh! route again! thy Svltclung povi art. |
flhsll claim my solitary hours: '
With thee to cheer me heavenly queen.
And conscience clear, and health serene.
An i friends, and l ooks, to banish spleen
.Vv life should bn, as it has been,
A sweet variety of Joys:
And GlotW's crown, and Beauty's fn>tie,
« .find he gave it for hit opinion , that ivho
ever coiud make tivo earn of corn or two
blade* of grata, to grow upon a tpot of
ground where only one grew before, would
deierve belter of mankind, und du more ea
initial tervice to hi* country, than the whole
race of politician*put together aw t ft.
From the American Farmer.
1 have read an account of a tree on
an elevated point in the Island of Ferro,
(one of the Canaries) which is said to
supply the inhabitants with freshwater,
daily dripping from its leaves. This
account, whether true or false, leads to
some reflections which may be useful—
General Ogle, of Somerset county,
Pennsylvania, formerly a member of
. Congress, informed me that «t his first
settlement in that county, rain wa*
much more frequent and abundant, than
in succeeding years, after the country
had been more extensively cleared.
The Islands of Bermuda, are now more
frequently afflicted with severe droughts,
than for perhaps a century after their
first discovery and settlement. The
hills were formerly covered with cedars
—the demand for that valuable timber
for ship building has unclothed the hills.
In 1791. fresh water was sold—and the
cattle suffered. Valuable products,
such us pine apples &c. were formerly
produced, but are now scarcely known.
If a ridge of high mountains was
placed across tlic desert of Zanra , that
desert would, I believe, in ft given time,
become a fruitful field. Without mois
ture, agricultural labour is lost. A
French proverb says, “ point de I’eau
point du jar din”—no water, no garden.
The extensive tracts in the western
parts of the vale of Mississippi, would be
more barren than they now ore, if the
snowy mountains were removed ; and
if the Alleghanies also were removed,
the Mississippi and tlio Atlantic rivers
would, I think, be greatly diminished.
Your useful work, the American
Farmer , admits not men's speculation,
which has no valuable result. JMy ob
ject, therefore, is to suggest to your
agricultural friends, the importance of
preserving the trees on the highest parts
of their farms. The theory of electri
city, I presume favours the suggestion.
Our colleges aud learned schools, have
not yet ascertained what vapour is, or
or how it is formed. The electric fluid
is extensively, and perhaps universally,
diffused. Every point of a leaf and
every spire of grass, is probably a con
ductor of this fluid. Perhaps pointed
metallic rods erected on hills or plains,
would incrcascthc quantity of rain by de
composing vapour.—ln thunder storms,
it is well known that the quantity of
(idling rain, is increased by every flash
or explosion. I consider the formers
of our country, as better practical na
tural philosophers than the gentlemen
of the learned professions ; they will
judge whether this communication is
worth publication.
Very respectfully,
Tour’s,
JOSIAII MEIGS.
Washington City, April 2,1822
_
Jiff rtH ot Peru.
Journal of Event! to .dpril 8, received in
thin city from an uui/untie touivc.
LIMA.
General Ln Serna is at Janja, with
upwards of six thousand men. Since
Canterac came down, in September last,
and in his precipitate retreat, he Ims
lost more than one thousand men, the
greater part of whom have passed over
to the army of Peru; and in conse
quence of which he has not made any
other attempt against Lima. From
this city there have been detached three
thousand men; under the command of
Don Domingo Tristan, for Arequipa,
where they are supposed to be at pre
sent. Their object is to protect that
province against General Ramirez.
The remainder of the troops of the
line, amounting to Urn thousand strong,
have been sent out of the capital and
cantoned in several passes in the moun
tains ; the said capitol being garrison
ed by the town militia, «f which seve
ral regiments have been lately formed.
The Protector being about to depart
lor Guayaquil, to have an interview
with Bolivar, entrusted tike Marquis of
'lorre Tagie with the supreme com
mand.—Having arrived at Truxillo, he
was informed that Bolivar would not
come in a long time ; in consequence
of which he returned to Lima, but Jet
■the Marquis continue in the couiaittnd.
The European Spaniards were order
ed by public edicts, to take tlie oath of
allegiance to this country, or to depart
from it, with permission to take along
their property. Those who would not
profit by this offer, nor have been will
ing to be naturalized, have been oblig
ed to quit the country by force, and to
leave half es their for the
'benefit of the slat#; Which Los ehoi 1 -
toted a vessel to carry away such as are
unable to pay their passage, These
who have rendered particular services,
the valetudinarians and persons of six
ty years of age are excepted, 'there
have been many, however, who prefer
red to become Americans; and in or
der to remain in the country, have ap
plied for naturalization.—The expenses
of it amount to twenty-five dollars, hut
the poor are furnished with it gratis. I
have already applied for one for Agui
bar, as his agent, setting forth hi» ser
vices. ■ *'
. The archbishop of Lima ashed for
his passport and went to Spain. The
bishop of Truxillo was obliged to quit
the country, and the same fans bapjien
ed to the bishop of Guawanga, in con
sequence of his having refused to issue
a I'astoral letter. Don Xavier Echa
guc, I). D. deal* of the church, is no
-1 minuted for the archbishopric ; father
’ Don Segundo Carrion, for the bishopric
* j of Truxillo, and Father Jose Arrieta,
’ i for that of Gttamanga. Don Juan (ini
!; cia del Rio, an envoy to the foreign
} courts, is the bearer of this appoint
ment to Rome.
J. In consequence of the flight of Don
j Jose Arismendi from Lima, many per
sons have been ruined; amongst them
is Leguerica, who loses ninety thousand
dollars, lie died of consumption, at
Mirallores, on the 4th of March.
’ General Arenales governs at Trux
illo, Exudero and Joan Antonio were
\ elected Alcades at Purra. The first
governs the place, instead of Col. San
ta Crux, who is gone to the help of the
Columbians, at the head of 1500 men,
collected here. >
The Congress of Peru were to meet
1 on the Ist of May. A committee was
| selected at Lima to draw up the Con
stitution, and report the progress there
on in Congress; but they having ask
ed for longer time, the meeting of the
congress was postponed.
Callao and Guanchaco are the only
ports where foreign merchandize may
he introduced. They are to pay 20
per centum in foreign vessels, 18 per
centum in vessels of Columbia, Chili
\ and Buenos Ayrc*, and J 6 per centum
in those of Peru. The importation is
I prohibited through any other ports, and
smuggling is persecuted and punished
’ with the utmost rigour. Officers con
victed of bribery are sentenced to death.
All other ports are open for the expor
tation of the produce of the country.
The duties being paid at the above said
ports, vessels are permitted to enter
those excepted.
Books as well as all the instruments
of science and art, are free of duty, Ido
not exactly remember whether arms are
also excepted ; because there are yet
many confused and contradictory oulU
nances, owing to the unsettled state of
the country.
Quito.-*— By yesterday’s mail we are
informed, that the combined army a
mounted to four thousand men, to wit :
1500 Peruvians, 1500 Colombians, 400
deserted from the enemy, at quitting
Curnana, and the remainder collected
in the latter place. On the 29th March
there were expected 300 men from Gu
ayaquil ; on their arrival the army was
to advance for the purpose of dislodging
the enemy from Riobanha, where Lopez J
encamped with 1500 men. Our ad- j
vanned posts reached up to Escalones, j
and those of the enemy as far usxGim- ■
mote. Several skirmishes have taken j
place, with advantage always on our I
side. Au officer, who, on the aforesaid j
date,had passed over from the enemy to •
join our forces, states that in Quito all \
the inhabitants were without any dis- 1
Portion under arms, and such us were j
suspected, secured in prison.—That the i
Liberating Army of Colombia, consist- 1
mg of five thousand men, were at Juan- i
ambu, and the garrison of Pasto had set
out to oppose their passage. 'lbis is
known by letters from Pasto received
by Supra, whp commands the combined
armies.
Gua.ynqv.il. —The Spanish frigates
Prueva and Venganza, left Acapulco in
consequence of this place having taken
part hi the Mexican revolution. They
preceded for Panama, there to join the
sloop of war Emperor Alexander, cut ! .
off from the port of Guayaquil hist July, ! ]
from thence they steered for die gulf of |
Guayaquil, and having arrived in March i,
last at the island of Mucrto, they captu- '
rod several of the coasting vessels. '
However, a short time after, tliey came i
over and joined the government of Gua
yaquil, by virtue of a treaty entered in
to by tlioir captains with the same go- \
venunent and the public agent from Pc- i
ru. The principal articles of which are l
as follows: Ist Thai said frigate should I
surrender tv the government of Guaya
quil, which is to pay one hundred thou- 1
sand dollars for them to Spain, on the I
latter acknowledging its independence, i
2d, That (he government should pay i
then- officers and crews all their wages i
from October, 1820, when they sailed «
from Callao. SdThatsuchof theerewas i
may chose do return to Spain, are to be «
furnished with passports and provided <
with weans for the same; and those ]
that may prefer to serve the goVern- '
ment of Guayaquil, shall be promoted <
u degree. After signing the aforesaid t
treaty, a question was agitated concern- <
ing the captures made by said frigates, s
in consequence of which fh«> errw of the (
Prueva were much dissatisfied, and be- t
ing headed by the commander of the <
j Venganza, they mutinied and took i
I possession of the frigate and jmt to sets 1
But we have just received jjifcrffip
tion, ihat she arrived at Callao, where
she was again obliged to surrender for
want of provisions. Thus Spain has
lost all her* maritime forces in the Pa
cific.
After the fall of Lima,, Lord Coch
rane left that place much dissatisfied
with Gen. San San Martin, and came
down to Guayaquil, from whence he
proceeded for the coast of Mexico, in
pursuit of the frigates Venganza and
Prueva; but not having found them, he
returned with the frigates Esnij ralda
and Isabel. It is not known whether
he has sent to Chili the four small ves
sels he had along with him. Soi.t .re
of opinion he lost them on the cu >st ci
Mexico.
Lord Cochrane arrived at Guayaquil
four days after the sailing el
La Prueva; and finding the e the
Venganza and Alexander, he ci-dmed
and took possession of them, as iumi
ral of the Pacific. 'I he government
opposed, and he prepared to attack the
town, where every thing was also made
ready to receive him. After some ne
gotiation, they entered into an agree
ment that the Venganza should be left
atthe disposal of (he government of’Gr.a
yaquil, until the difference should he fi
nally setthd hr rwcert the governments
of Chili and Peru. Lord Cochrane
sailed from Guayaquil; and it is said
that the Isabel was then in a leaky con
dition, he not having been permitted to
repair her in that port; but this wants
confirmation. — As he did not touch at
Paita, it is supposed he has proceeded
to ( hili.
'Phe animosity between the people
of Guayaquil and the Columbians, has
reached a great height, and much has
been written concerning the govern
ment to which Guayaquil is to belong;
they are in favor of offi
cers, amunitions, arms<uid money have
been received .for the purpose ol raising
troops; and when the war at Quito is
ended, it is to he feared, should these
animosities not abate, that Guayaquil
will become the apple of discord.
Jti veiling Post, ;
FROM VERA CRUX, i
Our Vera Crt:z papers are from the
13lh to the 19th ult. both inclusive.-
They contain nothing ofiuterest. We
observe, however, that in a debate of"
the Mexican Congress on the 13th May,
upon the subject of main mining and in
creasing the standing army, at which
the Secretaries of the Treasury, War
and Relations ass : .fed, Senor Busta
rnente, one of th< ■ members, stated —
u You have heard from due lips of the
Secretary of Relation s, that the United
States have introduced as many as six- j
teen companies of men, tiirough the j
point of Nacodocbes. ior what pur
poser Beyond doubt, without any other j
view than to invade us.”
This is a delusion to us unaecouma- i
hie, and is the more to be lamented be
cause it is the reverse of the sentiments
felt lor the new government of Mexico, i
Another of the members, Senor La- ■
nuza, after declaring his opinion that .
the empire stood in need of 30,000 re- j
gnlar troops and 20,000 militia, assign
ed, among other reasons, the following:'
[ 4< It is undoubted, that the public mind ,
jis not perfected; that the sentiment of i
j independence is not so much gcuerajis- •
•ed as was to have been expected; that
| enemies to liberty exist among us; and
| that each of these classes form so many i
| dangers which the nation must subdue '
. in order to pursue the majestic march,,
• which it had commenced.—And ana IJ
I under any necessity of stopping, -to ■
j prove the truth of these assertions ? Are ;
i you ignorant, that parties exist upon the i
1 system of government to he adopted ;'
! that decided parties exist, to continue !
forever the old dominion; that there i
exist discontented parlies; and that
men Rime are, who not having gained
any thing through the late change, be
cause they merited nothing, pant for a
revolution, without any other motive
than the prospect of varying their for
tune ? Have we not already seen an ex
plosion, having in view to cause us to
retrogade to the epoch, forever accursed,
of slavery and baseness ? And if this
be true, is it not equally so, that the go
vernment stands in need of an armed
force, in order to reduce to obedience
the spurious sons of the country, the
ungrateful stranger, the seditious, and
the genius of mischief— Balt. Amer.
Hayti. —By some accident, we did
not receive the slip from our Salem cor
respondent, containing the following in
telligence, until it was too late for yes
terday’s publication
President Boyor has ordered that lum
ber shall be admitted into Cape Hay
den, duty free, for one year from
the Ist of June. It was reported
at the Cajie that a negotiation of a com
mercial nature was going on between
our government and that of Hayti.
Boyer, who is believed to be very desir
ous of effecting this, now reigns the un
disturbed ruler of the republic, in every
part of which, tranquility prevails.
The discontented hi the Spanish part,
are stated to have been put and
that no disposition existed to return un
der the yoke of Spam. Several vessels
sailed from Cape Hayden on the 29th
of Juno, belonging to different parts of
the United States, which had been
chartered by Win. D. Robinson, Esq.
and loaded with arms, ammunition, A"c.
for Carthagena,— N. Y. Coy. Adp*
Herald Office, Norfolk, }
Saturday , July 20,1822. $
W. INDIA TRADE BILL PASSED.
Extract of a letter receiv ed from a gen
tleman now in this town, brought by
the Hercules arrived at New-York,
dated
“ London, June G, 1822.
u The bill opening the Trade with
the Islands HAS PASSED—The par
ticulars will no doubt be received in the
1 nited States in 4 or 5 weeks.”
t*! 4VO $
A letter from 1 hiladelphia says, “ I
! am assured, that Mr. C/iawford stands
I pledged, if elected President of the Ujii
! ted States, to form a broad-bottomed
Administration ; and it is the general o- i
pillion here, that nothing else can erad- j
irate the system of Corruption, 1' avor- :
itism, and Peculation, which so nniver
s'dly prevails.”— [Hasten Cmtinel.
THVKSUAY, AUGUST 1, jay.
The Farmers prospects in the upper
country, are very discouraging; al
though, generally speaking, anticipated
i evils are rarely found in the end to be
commensurate with the reality.
The Wheat Harvest has yielded eo
poor a produce, that many persons say
that it will be difllcuft to get seed next
year.
The Crop of Indian corn is somewhat
better, and promises a greater return;
but in very many places, apprehensions
are entertained that enough will not be
raised for ordinary consumption.
The Cptton Jooks better tfcan cither
either of the foregoing, but as if it were
ordained that mislortune should never
. visit ys single handed, the Rot has
commenced its ravages, and already
; threatens very serious mischief to the
Flaw. .
These failures in the different crops
are generally attributed to the unequal
proportions in the present ol
wet and dry weather. We are dispos
ed to think however, that the disease in
the Cotton, has been .as much induced
| by careless culture, as by any other
| cause ; and that our Planters would
j consult their real interests much more
I truly, if -they woitld till fewer acres and
j devote an undivided attention to the
{ quality ot the produce. Rain and
I Drought are merely secondary to the
exertions of the Husbandman; and if
j the coots of a tender plant are wounded
■ by an unskilful use of the Hoe, or pf the
I Plough, it must .follow as a matter of
' course, that lire heat and moisture will
' generate decomposition, and this la veg
, etable physiology, is only another n*me
| .for Disease.
Every .day’s experience adds to the
i conviction that there is some material
-defect in the System of our Road Laws;
1 and the constant state of bad repair, in
■ which our public highways are suffered
; to remain, seems Jo indicate as a cause,
‘ the substitution of personal service in
I lieu of a specific tax for the purpose.—
i Natural Philosophers teH us that the
u Vi'4 Inertia” is more agreeably exert
ed by nature than any other energy';
j and wp ajl know that most of us would
prefer to sit upon a pine tree stump,'
; than undertake to grub it up. Resides,
that which affects our interests remotely
or in connection with others, has gene
rally less influence over our conduct
than that which affects us more mime,
diately and in a more undivided man
ner; and it often happens that to hasten
their crops, people are very willing to
neglect the very roads along which the
produce must pass to market.—ln many
places, it is ten times as easy to hit a
stump as to miss one; and in others,
the ruts are so deep that one might ima
m
gine the wheels to he semkeirdes.—As
matters go, we would recommend, that
everyone whpso life is worth the pre
mium, should call upon an Insurance
Broker, before he ventures to undertake
a journey of fifty miles; and at this par
ticular stage of the season, when the ve
ry day-s are beginning to get the Fever
and Ague, the traveller may thank his
stars for any fortunate combination of
circumstances, that is able to keep his
soul-case from being shattered to pieces.
An Oration delivered by George
Cary, Esq. on the 4th 9* Joty last* will
-uppettexa «r next.
Yesterday morning, Ja. vm . Ai> , ®
in a fit of insanity, threw himself ; .M
a window in Broad-Street, and w v i 1
mediately killed by the fall He
native of New-York; about thirty v J
of age; and by trade, a carpenter, ®
FOR THE CHRONICLE 9
number 5. J
When the next ratio of three f;(V„ \m
the slaves, and the whole number®
free citizens was adopted in the cet®
tution of the United Suites, it w
sidered as dictated by a spirit *tt ,'9
promise. It has generally been d,®
dered as :i gratuitous present mad..®
: the Southern States, to reconcile t l ®
j to the Union.—Were this the unlv®'
j son, it wouldJbnn no motive for" It,'®
j doption in a state <ro vei n men t v 9
i ■stands in need ol no coinproinis r
conflicting interests and pivjuduv,®
I bat independent of all compromise '9
■ stands oq the soundest basis of ■■y®
and justice. I lay it down as a uni,®
almost sglf evident, that the p u li ; ;®
power of each, section of the coum®
ought to be proportioned to its ■.>- ®
to contribute to the national dcil'J®
—ln other words the artificial autlo®
of the government ought as nearlt,®
possible to reflect the natural power®
the state—if it docs not, a struggle jj|®
soon arise between them and the anif®
dal power unless defended by m:i:J
ing armies anti all the armour of :r®
tocracy will soon lie beaten to ®
ground. Men and money mv the ~®
terial of all national power.—Notj®
absolute number of men or the positi.>®
quantity of money, but that portion®
men which can be drawn from civil pi, 9
suits, and applied to military nm-jis®
—and that portion of money wij ( ®
can he obtained from individuals ; n ®
applied to the public service. Ir, sti®
where there are many slaves, u m. I
greater proportion of the five popi®
tion can be drawn into the ranks wiil-H
out disturbing the ordinary pursuits ®
society, than in states where the wig®
population is composed of free clton®
The agricultural and mechanic labm®
are hi a great part performed by slaw®
A great of household maj
' facture Is also done by slaves. In ij®
internal transportation of coiujnoiiiti iB
much is done by slaves. In yvar P
peace this labour must be pert'orre®
and where there are no slaves, perion®
ed by freemen. To cull a free labon®
who depends on bis labour lor supp®
into the field, is to rnin him. r \ mu-Hj
larger proportion of freemen must si®
at home in free, than in slave states®
provide food and cloathiug for tin®
selves and the soldiery. In a few won!®
there is the same quantity of work ®
do in both.—ln the one the whole natl
be done by freemen, in the .other, a pat®
is done by slaves ; and consequent!;®
greater pi ©portion of the free may tel
drawn into the military service of tie®
Republic. In point ol fact, states par®
ly composed of slaves, have ahra;®
supported larger armies in proporlkl
to the free population, than states ti-l
tirely composed of freemen. In Houel
it was considered that one eighth
thq free citizens might be enrolled:®
the Legions. Lacedannon was cou-l
posed of ten thousand Spartan awl I
thirty thousand Laconian families, id el
thousand Spartans, and ton llioussiidl
Laconians, fought in the battle of J*!a-1
lae, in Georgia during the late war tie I
whole military population was dividid I
into three classes ; of which the wink' I
of the first and one half .of the secoiA I
were in the field at one time. Out o.®
population of one hundrea and In®
thousand whites, twelve thousand wee®
under arms. Expecting an invasion oi I
our coast, lour thousand men were de-B
tached to cover Mobile.— Ihe ell on H
was hardly felt. No state where alii
are free could have done the same with- ji,
out straining every muscle. Ju
der.n European nations, the military
strength, is to the whole number as cm
to one hundred. As slaves therefore |
leave a larger number of freemen to be '
employed in military service; in th.al -
proportion, they contribute .to tfie
strength of the obuntry.— Tip theyfej
contribute to the Wealth of a suite
he readily acknowledged. Dlavo
hoar is not as productive as free labour,
but if they produce less, they rms’Jffl 8
less, and a larger proportion ol the n’t
produce may be obtained from tacit
masters by taxation. I do not wc? 3
to say that slaves are equally as advan
tageous to a state us the same jiuinlrt
of freemen : But as far as we pan con
jecture from imperfect data, I pro? :31 -
the United States’ ratio of three fifths
nearly the difference. The dangers ft
revolt, so often insisted on in the
are id]e visions. Revolts can neteu*
more than partial. The little imscii-*
they may do is compensated by the Wi>
tary spirit they foster. This r.epn
tation of the Southern States, accorilu-j,
to amixt ratio of slaves and freeui®)
rests on a sounder basis than mere gra
tuitous compromise.—lt gives to tb-
Southern states that weiglrf in the !i ; ;
tional government which their nr.tura
power and wealth entitle them to. *
is said by our northern brethren tin l
slaves are entitled to none ol the i om
of citizenship, but regarded as p rc l ,{ \
tv, no weight should be given ihciJW (
the scale of national Represontati*
To this there is one conclusive repl} •y"
Represvntation is not founded on ti
numbers of those who actually exp
ose the rights of citizenship, bit r ;