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ed were either wounded or taken prisoners.—
Among the former I have to mention, he being
one of those I have been able to find out. Gen.
Don Juan Nepomuceno Perez, killed by a can
non ball, (which glancing struck my aid Lie. D.
Francisco Lazo Estrada.) The Colonel of En
gineers, D. Juan Cano, and my Adjutant D.
Lucian Calvo, whose family I particularly re
commend to the protection of the Supreme Go
vernment. The greater part of those who ac
companied me complied with the duty, and
their behaviour corresponded with what the
honor and sanctity of the cause we are engaged
in demanded.
All of which I have the honor of informing
your Excellency, in order that you may inform
his Excellency the President, and offering you
the consideration of my great esteem.
Gud and Liberty, Tacubaya, Sept. 14, 1847.
Nicholas Bravo.
To his .Excellency the Minister of War and
M ari n e
Railroad Meeting in Elbert.
Elberton, Ga., Sept. 22, 1847.
At a large and highly respectable meeting of the
citizens of Elbert County, to take into consideration
the practicability of constructing a Railroad from this
place to connect with some other Railroad of the State,
Robert McMillan, Esq., was called to the Chair
and Major F. G. Edwards, appointed Secretary.
The Chair appointed Tinsley W. Rucker, and Thom
as W. Thomas, to wait upon the Hon. Robert Toombs*
who had been previously requested to address the
meeting. Mr. Toombs appeared and spoke at some
length, and in a most happy style on the general ad
vantages of Railroads, and pointed out in a forcible
manner the greet benefits that would result to this
community from the proposed enterprize. The long
and loud applause of the audience attested how de
lighted they were with the speaker, and how thorough
ly they were aroused to the importance of the under
taking.
The following resolutions were submitted by Tins
ley W. Rucker, Esq., and passed unanimously.
Resolved, That this meeting highly approves the
construction of a Railroad from this place to intersect
with some other road of the State.
Resolved, That a Committee of— be appointed
to correspond with the Grand Junction and Central
Railroad Companies, to ascertain upon what terms we
can unite with them, and what amount of stock the
city of Savannah would subscribe to the project.
Resolved, That the same Committee correspond
with the Georgia Railroad to ascertain upon what
terms we can unite with that Road at any point, the
most convenient and available, and what amount of
stock the cities of Augusta and Charleston will sub
scribe to the projected Road.
Rrsolved, That the Committee collect any and all
information calculated to forward the enterprize, and
submit it to any future meeting of the citizens of El
bert.
On motion of Col. Thomas J. Heard, it was decided
to fill the blank with fifteen, (one from each Militia
district,) and that the Chair appoint said Committee.
The meeting then adjourned to meet again on the first
Tuesday in October, and subject to the call of the
Chair. ROBERT McMILLAN, Chairman.
Felix G. Edwards, Secretary.
Elberton, Ga., Oct. 5, 1847.
The citizens of Elbert County met this day at the
Court House, pursuant to adjournment. The meet
ing was called to order by Robert McMillan, Esq.,
Chairman.
The Secretary being absent, on motion of Colonel
Thomas J. Heard, Thomas W. Thomas was appoint
ed Secretary. The Chairman having submitted the
names of the Committee of fifteen, appointed by him
pursuant to a resolution of the last meeting, on mo
tion of Jas. A. Clark, Esq., the Chairman was added
to that Committee. Major A. Hammond moved that
a Committee of five be appointed by the Chair to col
ect information Booth of Broad River as to the en
r.ouragement and assistance to be mel with in that
quarter. This motion was carried, and the Chair ap
pointed Alfred Hammond, Madison Baker, Tinsley
W. Rucker, Henry Mattox, Thomas J. Heard, and
Lindsey H. Smith. The Chairman was by the meet
ing added to the Committee.
Tinsley W. Rucker addressed the meeting at some
length, showing the immense advantages that must ul
timately result, should the road be completed. The
Chair being called upon declined tor the present, but
promised to put his shoulder to the wheel.
James A. Clark, Esq., being called upon gave the
project his hearty approbation. Col. Thomas J. Hoard
addressed the meeting, showing the necessity for
union and effort, and recommended that some means
be adopted to ascertain the amount of money that
could be subscribed in this county.
Mr. Rucker gave some interesting information alioiit
the probable route of the propped road, and the char
acter and products of the country. Benjamin Burch
then moved an adjournment, subject to the call of the
Chair, and that the Secretary cause to be published
the proceedings of both meetings in the Savannah and
Augusta papers. This motion was agreed to and the
meeting then adjourned.
ROBERT MrMILLAN, Chairman.
Thomas W. Thomas, Secretary.
The Xr.Ahville and Chattanooga Kail
Road.
In his m ssage to the Tennessee Legislature
Gov. Aaron V. Brown makes the following re
marks :
“The completion of the Georgia Railroad to Chat
tanooga, an event now soon to be expected, will con
stitute a new’ and important era in the commercial and
agricultural history of the eastern portion of our Mate.
It unlocks the door, which torso many years has been
closed against the profitable exchange ol her mineral
ami agricultural productions with the other States,
which surround her. If nothing more were done, her
people might well exult in such a vast improvement
in their condition But the Hiwassee Rail Ruud, ex
tending as it will, the benefits of this improvement to
a much higher point on the Tennessee, at Knoxville
makes the completion ofthe whole line a matter of in
tense and almost vital interest to the whole of that large
and interesting portion of the State. We have now
good reason to expect the completion of this latter por
tion ofthe road. The company has been re-organised,
its old liabilities have been, to a considerable extent
discharged, and the present excellent directory have
exhibited a laudable determination to push forward the
work with vigor and earnestness.
“From Knoxville if a well built Me Ada raised road
extending in the proper direction to the Virginia line,
could be constructed, ami the principle obstructions in
the Tennessee river could be removed to the flourish
ing village of Kingsport, East Tennessee, rvposingamid
her lofty mountains, would be surpassed by no portion
of our State in th© abundant means of wealth and gen
eral prosperity.
“ Il these gram! projects can not be carried on suc
cessfully by individual capital and enterprise, it will
devolve upon you to determine whether any and how
much a>sistance can be furnished bv the State. The
objects are of sufficient inq«ortnnce to engage in their
behalf as full a share of State encouragement as her
present liabilities and means would render prudent,
and to this extent 1 earnestly recommend the subject
to your attention.
“In middle Tennessee we are every day receiving
the richest rewards from many of the improvements
already made. The eye strikes at once on the map and
traces out the many great roads stretching across th *
State, and centering at Nashvdle, a convenient point of
the navigation ofthe Cumberland. So ton, it glance*
along another road striking from Columbia, situated
in the very heart of this middle region, amt terminatiag
on the Tennessee in its northern sweep through the
Stale. Further north is to be seen a fin© road coming
in from Kentucky, terminating at Clarksville, and des
tined to contribute largely to the prosperity of a beau
tiful town now rapidly improving and bidding fair to
become one of the most important commercial places
in the State. Still the most superficial observer can
not fail to perceive the immense advantages io be de
rived by an extension ofthe Georgia rwd from Chat
tan<x*ga to Nashville—advantages not to Chattanooga
or Nashville alone, nor to the countries through which
it would pass, but to almost everv county in the Mid
dle portion ot the State. This truth is everv day be
coming more manifest, in the increased anxiety every
where displayed tn favor of its construction. The cor
poration of Nashville has been authorise*l by the pop
ular -vote of the city, to subscribe for half a million of
the stock, and many individuals ofacknowledgeti sa
gacity and shrewdress in all that relates to the profit
able investment of their funds, are known of, who in
tend to embark freely in the enterprise. In connec
tion, however, with this work, the improvement ofthe
Cumberland ought not to be lest sight of. A charter
individuals for this purpose was granted nt the last
session of the General Assembly, singularly defective
n some of its provision. 1 earnestly recommend its
supervision and amendment in such a manner as to
insure the speedy removal of these obstructions so de t
n mental to the c.xnmerce and trade of the middle r«»r
tion of the State When the Chattanooga and Nash-
ville Rad Road shall have been complete*! and t’neob*
stractions in the Cumberland, the Elk, the Dr.ck and
the Kaney Folk, shall have been removed, it Would be
difficult to find any region in the world possessing more
advantages than Middle Tennessee. With a roil re
markable for its fertility—a climate happily exempt
from the sickness ofthe south. and the intense protrac
ted cold of die north—a population proverbial for its
industry, robricly, ami enterprise—with an east ac
cessibility by her roads and rivers to the markets of
New Orleans and through her proposed railroads to
th»*se ot Charleston and Savannah, she mav well r nal
lenp- coa>p>ria»n with the umm fa.orrJ n-giow rfth l
Union.” B
Hailroad Meeting.
Cantos. October 13. |W.-* ,* rK , dumber of
'he mrnMtl hen-kee ..mi 'he counllf
Riel this kHy Mlbeloort H s , , to J take mlo
eratoin the be« lueons < lhe rejWun .„ o f
‘b« Etowah '•lley S-.J lhe £, shbo p n e.iuorrv.
•greeably to. glven , n |x . re , h „ pur .
W here.- Gen. D. H. Bird. was called to poe
* ** e r the meeting, six! Thea. M Fort, Esq., teas
guested to act as Secretary.
The Chatr then requested that m» 'ne would ex
plain the objects of the meeting, when the Rev. R. J.
Cowart came forward ami explained the objects to be
- to take into consideration the constructi on of a ra»l
rxed up the Etowah valley, from wrne po<nt on the
Stoic Road near Cartersville; and after a lew aiyprv
pnatc remarks relative to the undertaking, cot delu
ded. by calLng on the Hon. Mark A. Cooper, who.
with hi* usual force .and energy of thought, addressed
the meeting at wxne length. carrying tuft convict iua to
lhe lumds of every ne present, oft hr great utility and
entire practicability of*u-h a measure.
On mdKMi of J«xph IV'naldx'n. Esq., a coca rail tee
of seven was appointed to draught a memorial to the
Legislature, pray mg a charter for a railnwd up the
Etowah valley. The commute, are. Joseph Honald
?k®. George S Hoyle, E*q*., l» r jhn \\
Gen. Alien Lawhorn. Hen. Mark a Coper. Col
Samuel Tate, and Gen. D. H. Bird—Gen. Bird being
requested to act on the e»-mmittre by the meet ing
It was then agreed that lhe committee rrp<t u the
next meeting, h was sis*' agreed that the proceed
ings of this meeting be published in the papr*n»><
Varnville. Marietta and Pahl-xtega. The o.ee;.ng
then ndjonrttod to meet cm the 2f>h instant.
VAX’! H BIRD. Chairman
Tmv'V M Pobt, Secretary
Augusta, (oa.:
MONDAY MORNING, OCT’R. 35, 1847.
Wh«t shall be done with Mexico 1
This is the great question which suggests itself to
the American mind. It presses with redoubled force
upon public attention since the capture ofthe City of
Mexico. That momentous event has not brought
peace. It has apparently brought us no nearer peace
than at any period since the first gun was fired on the
Rio Grande. If the capture of the capita! of Mexico
has produced no other effect upon the enemy than to
render them still more hostile, it is apparent that no
event yet to occur can be productive of a more paci
fic inclination. The result therefore, is inevitable.
Mexico must be subjugated. There can be no other
alternative except one which is revolting to the pride
of this country —revolting to the spirit of her people,
ami therefore wholly out of the question—that alter
native is, a total abandonment ofthe Mexican terri
tory, and of the war. There is no middle course be
tween this and subjugation.
If then Mexico is to be conquered and made sub
ject to such a government as this country sees fit to
impose upon it, it is a work to be prosecuted with a
vigor surpassing all the wailike energies which this
nation has yet put forth. The battles have been fought
—the armies ofthe enemy have been defeated and
dispersed, and her cities and strong places captured.
The hardest fighting is probably over. There may
not beany more pitched battles—there may not be
any more stone cities stormed, and strong entrench
ments defended by innumerable cannon and musket
ry carried at the point ofthe bayonet. But it will re
quire a very large force to keep possession of the ene
my’s strongholds—to overcome the inhabitants and
prevent insurrection and popular outbreaks—to keep
open communications between our inferior postsand
the sea coast, and to enforce the laws of revenue and
internal police established over the population. The
amount of money that it will require to keep up this
large force and this complete organization will be very
great. This money the enemy should be compelled
to furnish. Under a proper and well digested system,
a revenue of from fifteen to twenty millions of dollars
can be annually raised in that country.
The revenue of the Mexican Government, under
as bungling and ill digested a system as was ever
enacted, yields, according to the estimates we have
seen, from twelve to fourteen millions. This is under
a highly restrictive system in every way inimical to
trade, and subject to peculation, bribery, and every
species of fraud, and ti& purchase. “ for a considera
tion,” of monopolies, special exemptions and privile
ges, by favored mercantile houses, from the high offi
cials of the government. It is believed, that by this
species of corruption, Santa Anna has accumulated
much of his enormous wealth.
With such a revenue as may be derived from a reve
nue tariif strictly and impartially enforced, and which
must continue to increase under the additional impulse
w’hich will be given to agriculture, to commerce, to
manufactures, to every species of industry, and every
branch ot art, still further stimulated by the gradual
infusion of American population with the accompany
ing enterprise, energy and genius of the Anglo-Saxon
race, Mexico can be held in subjection by resources
drawn from her own bosom. She can be made to
support a military and territorial government over her
soil, and prosper even while she pays the heavy exac
tion. She will be all the time, however unwillingly,
enjoying a better government, and a better system of
laws than her own military despotshave ever given
her. She may in time become convinced that there
was a special Providence in the very obstinacy which
now resists, with such blind rage, the peace which
has been so often and so earnestly tendered her by our
government. But whatever may, hereafter, be pub
lic opinion among that unfortunate people, in reference
to a course which must result in her national annihila
tion, there can lie but one opinion among us as to onr
duty and our policy. Mexico must be subjugated,
and held as a military conquest. For the present—
for, perhaps, many years to come, we can do no more.
That country will for a longtime, not be in a condition
for us to make any other permanent disposition of her.
Whether in the course of future events, any portion
of that country will be ri|>e for annexation, in the shape
of sovereign States to be added to our national galaxy,
is a question for the future —perhaps the remote fu
ture to solve. For the present, we know no other an
swer to the question which caps this article, than this
Mexico must be Subjugated. She should be
beleagured by sea, and overrun by land. Every city
in her territory should be occupied, and a military go
vernor placed in command, with adequate means to
enforce his authority. Military contributions and in
ternal taxes, should be imposed upon her several de
partments. municipal system should be organized
for each with tribunals of justice for the trial of causes
and the punishment of crime. There should be no
other authority recognised throughout the whole coun
try, than that of the American Government. The
Mexican President, ami the Mexican Congress,
should be treated as nullities. Their authority should
be declared at an end, and no overtures for peace,
which they may by possibility hereafter make, should
be listened to, or recognized.
The preposterously extravagant terms which the
Mexican Commissioners were instructed to demand,
prove that the Mexicans are an infatuated and de
mented people, with whom there can be no peace, ex
cept on such terms as we may force upon her. What
terms they are to be, or whether, she is ever to be al
lowed to resume her place among the nations of the
world, as an independent power, is a question of poli
cy, and of magnanimity, for the future solution of the
American people.
We copy the above bold and dreaming arti
cle from the Constitutionalist. This is dashing
away, with heedless impetuosity, from all the
wise precepts of the past, into the unfathoma
ble labyrinths of rapine and conquest, of uncon
trollable danger, national degradation, and ine
vitable ruin to the proudest Republic that ever
gave dignity, freedom, glory and happiness to
man. If popular phrenzy should nurture into
consummation a scheme like this, our destiny
would be clouded forever, and the monuments
of our national fame would be all that could he
left to tell the romantic story of our independ,
ence, and the unequalled fortune which smiled
upon us, till the inception and consummation
of this fatal purpose.
England has exerted her gigantic and haughty
power to soothe the Chinese with opium, and
left them no alternative, but to take that drug
dow n their throats, or bayonets and bullets
through their bosoms. France is taming the
Arabs ol Algiers with powder and ball, in order
to Mess them—Poland has been torn into frag
ments, and that once proud but now dismem
bered and bleeding land, is soon to be formally
merged into the great kingdoms that profess to
bless her. by taking her to their hospitable bo
soms. And we (Heaven save the mark!) are
to subjugate Mexico, and convince that peo
ple. who cling around their national altars,
that a “ special providence" directed the sword
that slew them, and filled their lain! with blood,
lamentation and despair—that a “ special provi
dence” directed them to be bayonetted into ’
private happiness and political felicity !
“ ft bat shall be done with Mexico“ Mexico
must be subjugated!" She was guilty of the
unpardonable crime ofwishing to keep her peo
ple and not sell them fur gold—of wishing to
maintain intact her national domain—of object
mg to a proposition that would deprive her of
one million of square acres of her land—that
would re duce her to less than half her present
limits—that would lay the foundation for her
national extinction.
In doing this, in being guilty of such a crime.
the Mexicans have shown that they are “ an
infatuated and demented people, with whom there
can be no peace except on such terms as we may
force upotn them." For this, “their authority
should be declared at an end, and no overtures
for peace which they may by possibility hereafter
make, should be listened to or recognized."
No. she may be ravaged by war till faint
from loss ofblood—she may cry for quarter,
and in her dire extremity, propose to yield all
that had been demanded ofher—but no answer
should be made but the thu ndrr of cannon, .and
no terms admitted but her national extinction!
We have seen the lurid signs of a project like
this emit! ing its baleful fires from other quar
ters. The visions of conquest have already be
dazzled a portion of our people. They are
drunk w ith the prospect of adding to the Union
a dominion one third its present size, and bewil
dered with expectations ofa magnificent annex
ation. w liere groves are scented with perfumes—
climate is blessed with unequalled salubrity—
lands are richer than the valley ofthe Nile,
and blessings fill as softly and abundantly as
the dews of heaven! Oh! vain mistake! The
eye that looked for glories like these, is offend
ed with aprospecct hateful from the contrast
between reality and fancy.
But for what end shall we seize upon Mexi
co, and hold her a trembling victim of our pow
er’ Is the object the good of the United
Slates or of Mexico ’ How and in what way
is it for tiie good of our country ’ I> it for the
South or the North .’ If for the former, what
mind is there, so dark and deluded as not to
see in the distance, the obscure forms of dan
ger and discord unfurling their black haulers
ofevil * If the prospect of annexation of a part
of Mexico has dismayed our best patriots, and
arrested their deepest solicitude for our domes
tic peace, what w ill be the end of it. when a
whole nation, with ten millions ofsmcA inhabi
tants are emptied into our political bosom to
add to its perplexities and outrage its security ’
We may talk in elegant words of patriotism
about the destiny of our republic to spread its
wings over the American Continent It was
the destiny of Rome. proud imperial Rome, to
become lhe mistress of the world, but it was
her destiny to fall i xte Right. Her ea
gle soared to the sun. and from that blazing
eminence looked upon her victorious legions
m every land and clime, but Attila at><! Alaric
tramp;ed irer to the dust, and nothing wae left
to perpetuate hex tame. but some broken
monuments of *rt, a few vo | Ußiea a s classic
writing. We are drunk with prosperity, and
mad with national greatness. This is too little
to satisfy the graspingambition of our awaken
ed national spirit. New fires must be built up
on the altars of the Republic, before which
those of’76 will grow pale and dim.
We call upon the people to notice the signs
of the times. We call more especially upon
thinking Democrats to pause and reflect. They
must see that the public pulse is being felt, to
learn whether the sword shall be permitted to
decapitate a neighboring nation, an irrevocable
sentence shall be passed, that “ Mexico must
be subjugated." This is the question which now
stares us in the face. It has been sprungupon
the country by its phrenzied rulersand benight
ed advisers, and the whole land is becoming
scented with conquest and territorial rapine.—
Have you thought upon the consequences, men
ofthe South? Do you wish to plunge into
such a boiling cauldron of difficulty ? You know
that our peculiar institutions have no existence
in Mexico. Do you wish to be placed at the
mercy of ten millions, hostile to you, as ene
mies and conquerors, in the first place, and as
supporters of that institution in the next? Are
you willing to run the hazards of annexing
Mexico ? Do you not know that every Stale
within the limits of that unfortunate country
would be against you ? When, in the course of
time and events, could you hope for a majority
in a single Mexican State ? How would you feel
with ten millions of fellow-citizens on your
South, the implacable foes of your system, and
fourteen millions onthe North withabelt
of opposition encircling you from the Atlantic
ocean, on our extreme North east around our
Northern line, along the Pacific, and again across
our Southern boundary to the Gulf ofMexico ?
How ytm feel then, especially, when
borne down with taxation—direct taxation—to
pay off the interest of a national debt of sever
al hundred millions ofdollars, and to sustain a
standing army of two hundred thousand men
to keep down the fires of Mexican insurrec
tions.
Byit how much worse would your condition
become, when the bond of union should be
broken—when the blood ofkindred and conn
trymen, would not glow with affection and
friendship, but boil with hate and vengeance ?
You would be called out then to defend your
altars, and who can tell what fate would await
you? We cannot lift the dark curtain of the
future, but, if the wild and monstrous projects
ofsome of our people are carried out, you will
know in due season how to long for the happy
and halcyon days of the Republic, and lament
our departure from the wise counsels of Wash
ington.
Our opponents may call us, falsely, moral trai
ors to our country—but by immortal Truth! we
consider every man an enemy to his country,
particularly to the South, who would let loose
the bloodhounds of war, and give the bugle
blast for the subjugation of Mexico. He may
not intend an injury to his country, but his doc
trine, if consummated, would give its entrails to
those bloodhounds for food.
Friends of the Union and the Sonth--Dem»
ocrats and Whigs—avert a doom so dire, by
frowning upon these death-robed schemes, and
cling to your constitution, your countrymen,
your Union as it is. Then will fortune favor you
and skies continue bright over your children
when you can see the rising sun no more.
A Nation's Rights.
“ Democratic” editors have peculiar notions
on the rights of man and of nations. The Con
stitutionalist ofSaturday thus settles this very
constitutional question : 4 The rights of the
Mexicali Republic exist now only in the sic vo
lo, siejubeo of the American people. Their
will is the law of the case.”
The inhabitants of“Repnblics” are of all peo
ple the most unfortunate, if they have no rights
except at the will of foreign nations! This is a
truly republican doctrine ; and one which, if
sent to the republicans of monarchical Europe,
would secure to the Constitutionalist a world
wide fame.
The American Whig Review.
The contents for October are partly the fol
lowing:
The Whigs and the War.
Catholic Reaction against the great Reformation.
The principle of Life.
Nature of this Government.
Inductive theory of Civilization.
Men, Women, and Books. —Leigh Hunt's Neir
Work.
Lord Campbell’s lives of the Lord Chancellors.
Our recent Coni Trade.— Redwood b'isher.
Miscellany of the Month.
Critical Notices.
We copy the following notice of the publish
ers :
“In the next No. (November) will be commenced
a series of European Portraits of the leading rulers
and political characters of Christendom, with ample
sketches of their lives and characters, which shall be
thorough exhibitions, not only of the men themselves,
but of the political events of their times, and especially
of the aspects and condition of the nations of Europe
at the present day. The first portrait and sketch will
be those of the new Pope, whose late actions are ma
king Italy the centre of European politics, and him
self, in some respects, the chief personage of Christ
endom. This series of portraits is designed to alter
nate with those of American public men. They will
be executed in etching— except that of the Pope,
which, from the great beauty of original, will be done
in the complete style, like the head of Clay.”
The Southern Quarterly Review,
The contents of the October number are
important and valuable. A part of them are
as follows :
Natural Influence of National Literature.
Mexico - Her People and Revolutions.
Lives of the Lord t'liancellora and Keepers of the
Great S*al in England.
The Territorial Government of the United States.
Dr Chalmers.
Libbers Political Ethics.
Critical Notices, &c.
Incendiaries in Richmond.—'The frequent
tires in Richmond induce the impression that
they are the work of incendiaries.
Judge Goldthwaite. one of the Judges of
the Supreme Court of Alabama, died of yel
low fever in Mobile, on Monday last, the 18lli
instant.
The Telegraphic wires were connected from
New York through to Montreal on Saturday.
16lh. and a direct communication opened be
tween the two cities—a distance of over one
thousand miles. This is the greatest distance
yet achieved over the wires.
Dividend.—The Directors of the Bank of
the State of Georgia have declared a dividend
of Three Dollars per share, for the past six
months, payable on and after Tuesday next.
*2(»th inst.
Letter Envelopes.—The Editor of the
Charleston Patriot makes some very sensible
suggestions to businessmen, upon the n»e of
envelopes, now becoming so general. As he
very justly remarks :
“ \V here the subject matter of the epistle is
business, and w here there may possibly be oc
casion at some future period to refer to the post
mark as a proof of the tune when the letter was
mailed, envelopes should be carefully eschew -
ed. Merchants, therefore, in the transmission
of their business correspondence should never
use them. Letters on w hich the postmark is
not endorsed, (and this is. of course, the case in
all letters that are put up in envelopes.) are
evidences against the writer, but afford none
in his favor.”
As carelessness on this point might entail loss
upon some who have not reflected upon the
subject, we give the warning, although lhe ma
jority of business men are doubtless well aware
of the fact, and do not need the caution.
Health of New Orleans.
Board of Health, Oct. 18, 1847.
This B.'ard of Health feels authorized to make the
announcement that the yellow fever, which has been
prevailing for several months as an epidemic, has for
*>metiiue ceawed to exhibit this character, and as such
has now disappeared.
Al the same time it is proper to state that the spora
dic cases, which have always been seen for one or two
months after the <b.sapp»i rance of epidemic yellow fe
ver. must »: Ul oe expected to prevail.
W. STONE, Chairman.
" T- Bremt, Secretary pro tern,
I: is with great satisfaction that we lay before
our readers the above announcement made yes
terday by the Board of Health. The action of
the Board was not unexpected, yet it is most
gratifying that the members have been able to
see their way clearly id declaring that lhe yel
low fever has for some tune ceased to be epide
mic. Our friends in the North will recognise
in this action of the Board—in the propriety of
which the general voice appears to acquiesce
—a connrmaliou of the assurances we made to
them on Sunday morn;ng last. We seem to
breathe more freely now that we can cordially
invite oar absent friends in the North to return
home a: once —Pw. 19tA.
LATER FROM EUROPE.
ARRIVAL OF THE
(■>JSraß!Bam
STEAMSHIP CAMBRIA.
From the N. Y. Commercial Advertiser, \9thinst.
By Magnetic Telegraph*
The steamship Cambria, Capt. Judkins, ar
rived this morning at Boston. The Cambria
did not leave Liverpool until the sth instant,
consequently she made the passage in less than
fourteen days.
The following despatch, (No. 1,) was re
ceived by us at half past 10 o’clock.
Correspondence of Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Oct. 5.1847 —12 o’cfciK.
Corn, 8?c. — Best Western canal flour 265. a
265. 6d. per barrel; Richmond and Alexandria
25a. to 255. 6d.; Philadelphia and Baltimore
25s to 25s 6d; New Orleans and Ohio 22s to
245: Canadian 25s to 255; sour 19s to 21s;
white and mixed wheat 7s. to 8s per 70 lbs.;
red 6s 3d to 7s 6d. Oats, per 45 lbs., 2s 3d to
2s 8d ; oatmeal, per 240 lbs,, 24s to 265; Indian
corn, per quarter. 30s to 355; Indian meal 14s
to 15s per barrel; barley, per 60 lbs., 3s a 4s.
Rye not quoted.
The belief entertained at the departure of the
last steamer, that the upward tendency then in
dicated in this market would be maintained, has
by the terrific occurrences of the last fortnight
been wholly dispelled.
From a number of causes, the most startling
of which is the unparalleled derangement of
the money market, the price of breadstuff's has
gradually but steadily retrograded ; the only ar
ticle which has preserved its firmness being In
dian corn. A slackened demand has of course
materially contributed to this result, but this
cause must be regarded as merely temporary.
At the London Corn Exchange, yesterday,
the arrivals of English grain were small, owing
to which and the usually large attendance of
purchasers, the demand was somewhat active
at an advance of from one to two shillings per
quarter upon the previous Monday’s quotations.
Notwithstanding the large supplies again
hroughtforward, an average amount of business
was done and firmly.
Cotton.— New Orleans ordinary to middling
5d a s|d ; fair to good fair 6|d a
fine 7.4 a B.j ; Mobile ordinary to middling 5d a
s|d; fair to good fair 6&d a6A ; good to fair 6|d.
Alabama and Tennessee ordinary to middlings
a
ordinary to middling 5d a
6J a 6|d ; good to line 6g a 6sd. Sea Island
ordinary to middling 9 a }()£d; fair to good fair
IQ al4d; good to tine 15 a 18d. Stained ran
ges from 5 a BJd.
The prices of cotton since our last advices
have, it will be observed, seriously receded.—
A circumstance indisputably resulting from the
aggravated condition of die money market and
the consequent impossibility, save in the rarest
instances, of obtaining accommodation, the uni
versal panic which has seized upon manufactu
rers and the total extinction of every thing like
speculative effort. In the lower quality partic
ularly the decline is more severely felt and op
erations since the arrival of the Caledonia have
been of the most limited character.
The sales for the week ending the first were
about 21,000 bales, of which 800 only were on
speculation and 2000 for export On Saturday
the 2d the sales were about 3000 and yesterday
4000 were disposed of, all to consumers, spec
ulation being entirely suspended and the de
mand being disproportioned to the supply.
Second Telegraphic Despatch.
Commercial and I'inancial.— The fearfidcon
dition of mercantile and monetary affairs re
corded in our last summary, and then rapidly
culmniating to a point of distress and derange
ment rarely reached by the organs of commer
cial vision, has within the last fortnight become
vividly developed in all its disastrous reality.—
One after another has failure followed upon
failure, each one vibrating throughout every
avenue of trade and involving in its gloomy con
sequences those who but for their unfortunate
connection with the defaulter, could have with
stood the shock of the commercial storm.
Os the numerous causes to which this dreary
state of things is assignable, the most palpable
appears to be the mi<regulation of the money
power—a system originating with the Bank of
England, and eagerly imitated by all other mo
ney lenders, whereby gold has become too
dear to buy, and accommodation a phantom.
The reflex of a system so latal to the pros
perity of trade lias been deeply fell alike by the
merchant and the manufacturer, and the attes
tations ofits consequences can be found in har
rowing abundance in the crippled counting
house and the deserted factory.
The failures during the past fortnight may
be enumerated as follows : Cockrell. & Co.,
London, £600.000; Perkins. Schlusser & Mul
lins, £250.000 ; Fry, Griffiths & Co..amount
of liabilities not ascertained : Lyall. Brothers «&
Co., £IOO,OOO ; Samuel Phillips &Co., £150,-
000; Cockbiirn &. Co.. M. L. Bemmsnn &
Co., Alex. McDonald *£.. Co., and John She
wall & Co., all of London, whose liabilities al
so tiave not been ue.cuxutnly. jp
Manchester the failures and stoppages are
Burt, Wabin A Co.. Alfred Armstrong, Jas.
Guest & Co.. Slocks Tart, Edward Porter
&. Co., Render & Milner, and E. M. Broad
hurst.
In Liverpool we have to notice the suspen
sion of 11. Steel A Co., Lake. Cabrow A Co..
J. A M. Murray, William Atherton. Watson.
Brothers A Co.; W. A J. Tomlinson and E.
A P- Parry, whose liabilities are estimated at
upwards of a million sterling—six or seven
houses in Glasgow, including the firm of Reid,
Robertson A Co., have yielded to the pressure,
the last named of which chiefly falls upon
Manchester. An earlier failure, omit ed to be
noticed, is that of Alison, CumberlegeA Co..
whose liabilities reach £600.000. and we have
also to add the suspension of E. M. Cooper A
Co. and F. II Glover.
During the whole of the past week the Eng
lish funds underwent a remarkable fluctuation.
Thursday was one of the heaviest days that have
been experienced. On Friday it wasannounc
ed that the Bank of England would for the pre
sent discontinue altogether its advances on
stock and Exchequer bills, the rate of which had
the day before been raised from 5 to 5.J percent ,
and intimation was also given that the rate of
discount for first class paper would henceforth
bes.| pret. for billsnot havingniore than 15davs
to run 6 per ct. for bills of not more than two
months, and 6| for all beyond that period. A
decline was the immediate consequence and
the rnarke ’closed heavily. On Saturday con
siderable anxiety was manifested which gradu
ally wore away toward the close, no failure of
any importance being announced. Up to two
o’clock yesterday, matters had been in a very
uneasy state.
For money, consols commenced at 84}. after
which sales were effected at 83$ ; for account
the highest price after opening was 85|. and
subsequently 85$. Foreign securities had di
minished in value and a very small amount of
business has been transacted.
General Intelligence*
Parliament will be convened on the 14th inst.,
but not for the despatch of business.
The Macedonian frigate. Coin. Dekay, was
very near being lost off the coast of Scotland
on the 14th of September. She escaped with
loss of jib, fore-topmast stay-sail, fore-top-sail
and other sails, and with great difficulty reach
ed an anchorage off \rrau Island. Subsequent
accounts announced her perfectly safe.
Haly.
Dr. \\ isenian hasarrived from Rome, charged
with private despatches for Lord John Russell.
The Dr. has been permitted to assume the
title of Archbishop of Westminster, which is
regarded as the prelude to the establishment
of a Roman Catholic hierarchy in England.
The Asiatic Cholera is making fearful ravages
in Russia, and in consequence of its appear
ance in Warsaw, the Emperor had deferred
his visit to Poland, a circumstance not regret
ted by the people of that country.
Switzerland.
Active preparations are making in Switzer
land for suppressing the Sonderbuud by force
of arms; a sanguinary civil war is apprehend
ed from the resolution of the latter to resist the
Diet. Two cantons alone are prepared with
40,(HM) men to take the field.
The news from Italy presents no new fea
ture: the Pope is firm and the Austrians do
not seem inclined to provoke hostilities. The
affairs of Spain are still very unsettled. Cat
alonia continues to be disturbed by Carlist
bandsand *he entire line of the Pyrenees is in
a state of block ide.
The abstract of a commercial treaty between
Spam and England has been published, but
the terms are rejected by the British Govern
ment.
France is not yet tranquil: considerable
clamor has been raised by the appointment of
the Due d’Anmale to the Governor-General
ship of Algeria.
In Ireland a strong opposition is made to the
pavment of rent.
It is announced by the Belfast Northern
Whig that the Barcoal. Captain Owen, has ar
rived there, laden with two thousand five hun
dred barrels of Hour, shipped by the Society of
Friends at Philadelphia for the use of the desti
tute Irish.
The reported marriage of the Duke of Wel
lington and Miss Coutls is contradicted. -Miss
Coutts. it is said, among her other acts of muni
fient and somewhat eccentric benevolence is
founding an asylum for convicted and puni-h
--ed felons who have been thrown upon the
w orld
The mail steamer Caledonia arrived at Liver
pool on the 29th September. The packet ships
Siddons on the 23d. Liverpool 24th The Ros
cius sailed 19th. Ashburton 24th. and the
Yorktown. Oct. 1.
Postscript.— 2 o’clock.—This day’s corn mar
ket displays con-iderable though unlooked fur
activity , and prices up to this moment show a
decided tendency to ascend. Some purchases
of Western canal dour has e already been made
al 2>s. per barrel. Wheat is also firm, and In
dian corn is in demand at an advance.
The cotton transactions of this morning are
of the most languid character, in short, without
the slightest disposition to a reaction. The re
spectable house of W. Maury , which is an
nounced in the Times to have suspended pay
ment. did not come to a stand st:M : there was
merely a suspension for a few hoars, which has
ceased, Mr. Maury now being actively engaged
in ordinary operations.
Hon. Alex. H. Everett. American Minister
died at Canton on the 29th of June.
From the N. Y. Com. Advertiser, of October 19?
ARRIVAL OF THE MISSOURI.
FROM CHERBOURG.
The French steam packet Missouri, Capt.
Morin, fronnCherbourg, arrived this morning,
which port she left on the Ist of October.
The Missouri came to anchor last evening at
Sandy Hook at 10 o’clock, and having left
Cherbourg at 2 o’clock P. M., made the run in
about eighteen days. From the 6th to the 9th
she encountered severe gales, and during that
time did not make more than 200 miles. Though
the sea was very heavy the ship behaved ad
mirably. She suffered only the slightest dam
age to her bqjjys and wheels.
She brill gW very large freight and 161 pas
sengers. 71 in the cabin, and 90 in the steerage.
The Monitenr Parisien of Sept. 30 has a long
article in which allusion is several times made
to the destruction of two tribes, the Hachem,
and the Beni Amer, numbering 15,000, who
had taken refuge in Morocco, instigated, it
would appear, by Abd-el-Kader, to abandon
their territory in Algeria. The article is explan
atory rather’than narrative, referring to some
previous account in which errors hid been
made, and we do not learn from it how the de
struction of the tribes was effected, this we shall
probably learn from some other journal in the
course of the morning, when our files come to
hand.
A letter from Berlin, dated September 20,
says that Baron Humbolt has suffered a relapse,
caused by engaging in the festivities with which
his 77th birth day was celebrated.
Accounts had been received from Christiana,
(Norway) that on the 17th of September an
immense rock in the district of Foarden fell
from the summit of a mountain, crushing thirty
four houses, in which were supposed to be 230
persons. At the date of the accounts only two
bodies had been recovered.
La Patrie of-September 29 announces the
condemnation by the Criminal Court
at Berlin, of chief of the
Posnanian insurrection. The Patrie expresses
a hope that the King of Prussia will exercise
his royal privilege of clemency, and not “ de
scend to place himself on a level with Nicholas
and Ferdinand, the butcher of Poland and the
assassin of Gallicia.”
The retirement of Marshal Soult and the ap
pointment of M. Guizot to be president of the
Council are spoken of in La Patrie, but in such
away that we cannot positively determine whe
ther these events had actually taken place or
were only expected.
The following paragraphs are given under
date of Naples, September 21 :
“ It is reported lhatGirgenti and Marsala are
in insurrection. Arrests continue to be made
in Sicily. Popular irritation is at its height and
a general rising is looked for.
In the province of Molise, (20 leagues from
Naples) the standard of revolt is raised.
“ In Calabria the insurrection has spread to
Catanzaro. The revellers, it is said, have for
tified themselves in Gerace. Sometimes scat
tering as guerillas, at others uniting in masses,
they fall upon the royal troops and make great
havoc in their ranks.”
Another account says—
“ Syracuse is in revolt. Melazzo is in the
hands of the insurgents, including the citadel.
Catania joins the movement and Palermo is
far from tranquil. The mountaineers of Cala
bria have joined the insurrection and the loyal
troops are continually loosing ground.”
A letter from Leghorn says that commotions
have broken out in that city. Some agents of
police ha\ ing attacked in the night a group of
young men noted for their liberal ideas, the
population rose and compelled the police agents
to leave the city. Then, growing more bold
and zealous, they arrested a number of persons
suspected of opposing the progress of reform
and liberal principles, and the Government had
been forced to call out the National Guard.
Madrid papers of September 24 mention that
Mr. Bulwer, the English Minister, had return
ed from La Granja, where he had been on a
visit to the Queen. Rumor said that he had
received important despatches from Lord Pal
merston. having reference to a divorce of the
Queen, a new marriage and a change in the
law of succession to the throne.
The whole frontier of the Pyrenees had been
declared in a state of blockade, merchandize
being allowed to pass out or in only at La
Jonquere.
Accounts from Portugal represent political
affairs as still in a state of agitation, with no
apparent approach to reconciliation between
the hostile parties.
It is said that the Pacha of Egypt and the Bey
of Tunis, having been required by the Sultan,
as vassels of the Porte, to join in the measures
adopted against Greece, and in the first place
to withdraw their exequatur from the Greek
consuls, have formally refused—thus indicating
their determination to assert their ow n indepen
dence and their favorable
}he Greeks.
The Coumer Francais publishes a long let
ter dated Rome, September 14, and signed
" Roothan. General of the Company of Jesus.”
which denies, in the most solemn and formal
manner, the current accusation against the
Jesuits, that they are hostile to the Pope and
in league with Austria.
In La Prcssc of September 27 we find,
copied from the Echo d'Oran, details of the
affair mentioned above, the extermination of
the two Algerian tribes. These two tribes,
it is said had been induced by Abd-el-Kader
to abandon their territory in Algiers and invade
the territory of .Morocco, pillaging and ravag
ing as they went, but on the fourth day they
were met by a large force under the command
of the Emperor’s son, and, after a combat of
three days and nights, the invaders were put
to the sword, only a handful making their es
cape.
London papers say that the sentence of Lieut.
Monroe (for the murder of his brother-in-law
in a duel) has been mitigated, and that instead
of being hanged he is to remain a year in New
gate prison.
From tlie East*
By the arrival of the overland mail accounts
hace been received from Calcutta to the Bth of
August, and from China to the 24th of July.
'l'he Calcutta Englishman of August 7. in its
editorial summary of the preceding month’s in
telligence, speaks of the ‘ comfortable state of
political inaction” which constitutes its princi
pal feature. From the Punjaiib there was
• nothing worth reporting.” The Anglo-Indian
Government was about sending a mission to
Chinese Tartary* to adjust the boundary be
tween Ghoolab Singh’s territories and those of
the Chinese, and to prosecute scientific re
searches.
Os Chinese matters the Englishman says:
From China our news, though not very im
portant, is rather threatening. It had been
announced that the British (Government intend
ed to withdraw a part of the British and Indian
troops from Hong Kong, and to maintain only
a detachment ofH.M.9sth and another of the
Ceylon Rifles. On the arrival of these troops
at the end of May, the Royal Irish ami the 42d
Madras* N. I instead of being embarked, were
detained by order ofSir John Davis. The opi
nion at Hong Kong, at the date of our letters,
25th June, was that another disturbance was
impending, and that Chusan would probably
be reoccupiod during the present year. M ti
ters rem ined in a very unsettled state at Can
ton. and the agreement so lately made was not
expected to be carried into effect. Our own
correspondent remarks that we are perhaps
onlv now at the beginning «»f the Chinese war.
The ship Stalkartt. having on board 103 of
the cannon taken from the Sikhs, bound for
England, had been wrecked not far from Cal
cutta, and only 16 of the guns had been recov
ered.
Pirates.— An extra from the Singapore Free
Press, dated Jnne2l. gives an account of a
by the H. C. steamer Nemes after
eleven piratical prahus. five of which were
captured and eighty to a hundred men killed :
the loss of the steamer being only one killed
and seven wounded, two mortally.
/*rum the Bombay Journal of Commerce, July 31.
Late Nnrs from China. —By a letter received
yesterday via Madras from Macoa. dated 2d of '
June, we are informed that the Chinese mob at ’
Canton had shown a determination to set fire to i
the foreign factories, but had become again ’
quiet at sight of a naval force brought up for '
the protection of the Europeans. The cotton [
wool market was very dull, and the arrivalsof
several cargoes had occasioned a decline in
prices
The English at Hong Kong— The following
is an extract from a letter dated Hong Kong.
July *24—**< >nr merchants have at last gut a
choice of warehouses. &c., for the first time
since the peace. A location of about 12 acres
on the opposite side of the river is now also in
negotiation. But the greatest point, after all.
n the stopping up of Hog-lane. and the obtain
ing of the whole space and landing place below
down to the river for our own p ople, which is
to be the site of the church. Had we done no
thing more than this by our visit in April, it was
worth the pains. The mandarins have issued
very stringent notices, telling the people that
they mu-t observe the treaty, for the preserva
tion of peace. We hear from Canton that there
is now more stir in trade, and that some cash
transactions have lately passed, which augurs
well; hut it is partly at the expense of Canton
that Shanghai is now flourishing.
Our people there have got about one hundred
acres to themselves, with roads, drainage, dec.,
ail their own. The ships lie opposite to their
houses. One-fifth of our teas and the whole
of our silk were imported last year from
Shanghai. litre at Hong Kong, every pub
lic work and building is now finished or in pro
gress. except a government house: but the
place has been chosen and the estimate for it
prepared. Tiaswill be a very important place.
A sugar trade is now grow ing up. and encour
aged 5 n every way by the Government. There
are no custom duties. nor even a custom house,
nor a port charge of any description. There
is a report that the Emperor is dead : we first
heard he was very ill- and then the Pekin Ga
zette ceased to come. This has already con
tinued some weeks* ■
Liverpool Markets*
Extracts from Letters received in this city, dated
LIVERRPOOL, Oct. 4, 1847. The continued
commercial failures of an alarming character, both as
to the number and amount, have greatly increased
the panic in the money market and the general dis
trust since the departure of the last steamer. The
pressure and derangement in monetary affairs is un
exampled, and trade altogether is in a state of extreme
depression.
In giving quotations of cotton in our last circular of
18th ult., we stated that they were nominal or nearly
so, and the limited business which immediately follow
ed was at a considerable reduction from these nomi
nal quotations. The downward tendency has since
continued, and fair Upland and Mobile, are now quo
ted at s|d, and fair Orleans 6 a 6|d, but in the lower
qualities the decline is greater than this, Upland and
Mobile of middling quality being at s|d, and mid.
Orleans at sgd, while ordinary is selling as low as 4|d.
In Sea Island there is a fall of Ito 2d per lb. The
sales for the week ended Ist inst. were 21,190 bales,
of which SOO were on speculation and 2,000 for ex
port. On Saturday 2d inst. the business was about
3,000, and to-day about 4,000 have been sold, all to
consumers, speculation being entirely suspended, and
the quantity pressing on the market much exceeding
the demand.
The advance in the corn markets has not been
maintained, except for Indian corn, flour having again
sunk to 26s to 26s 6d per bbl for the best Western,
and Philadelphia and Baltimore to 24s 6d to 25s 6d
per bbl.; New Orleans sweet 23s to 245; sour 19 to
225. American wheat 6s to 7s 9d per 70 lbs. Indian
corn remains at about the same quotations as our last,
say 30s to 34s for good to prime, having in the mean
time been rather higher. Indian corn meal 14s to 15s
per bbl.
LIVERPOOL, Oct. 4.—The last month commen
ced with a very limited business in Colton ; the quan
tity taken by the trade between the 3rd and 10th
September, being only 14,000 bales, and rather less in
the however, notwithstand
ing the continued pressure for money, had declined
only about |d per lb. when the advices of Ist ult. per
Cambria, came to hand on the 13th.
The tenor of these being more favorable for the
growing crop of the United States than had been ex
pected, added strength to the downward tendency of
the market, and by the 18th a further decline of |d
in American had been submitted to. Since that date
we have had a constantly drooping market, the con
tinuance of heavy failures having destroyed confi
dence, and though the last steamer’s accounts, speak
more doubtfully of the prospects of the crop, the ques
tion of supply seems now to have little influence
against the pressure for money, and the consideration
of the prostrated condition of the manufactures in
England. The largest operators, in proportion to their
annual purchases, since our last, have been the ex
porters, who have taken 13,410 bales, including 12,000
American.
As may be inferred from the foregoing remarks, lit
tle has been done on speculation, and the sales on that
account are only 3,570 bales, nearly all American.
The total sales to the trade are 67,920 bales, including
52,400 American; and there have been forwarded
unsold 910 bales of American Cotton. The quantity
taken for consumption would thus give a weekly
average of 16,000 bales. Our quotations represent
the value on the Ist inst., and will be found to show a
total decline during the month in general descriptions
of American Cotton, ranging from Qd to Ifd per lb.
Fair qualities are quoted 6d for Upland, 6jd for Mo
bile, 6}d for Orleans. Great as this decline is, the
anxiety to sell is such, that since the Ist inst. many
sales have been forced at prices considerably below
the quotations of that day. On the Ist inst. there was
an auction sale of Sea Islands, at which about 3,000
white, and 200 stained were offered, but only 200 of
the former, and 50 of the latter sold, at a decline from
previous prices of 2d to 3d per lb.
It may be added that in the first nine months of this
year the import into Great Britain has fallen off 158,-
651 bales, the export has been almost precisely the
same in quantity as in 1816, and the slock in the ports
is now estimated at 493.200 bales against 798,200 held
at the close of September, 1846. The deficiency in
the stock of American is nearly 130,000 bales. In the
interior it may be reasonably supposed the bulk of the
spinners are without stock.
Sales, 22,210 bales, 3, 970 of which were Upland ;
ordinary to good middling, 5 a 5f ; fair to gond fair 6
a 6|; good tofine, 6$ a 6f. Imports, 1847, 857,108;
1846, 1.032,817; estimated stocks, Oct. 1847,399,-
690; 1846, 653,190 bales.
Havre Markets.
II AV’RE, September 23. CoW n. — Since the date
of our preceding circular, the aspect of things has
become much more alarming than could have been
anticipated, and (he daily accounts of the calamitous
failures which have occurred in London, and which
must inevitably lead to still further derangements, ex
ercise a very baneful influence on credit, and cast a
gloom over the mercantile and financial community
in general.
The transactions have therefore again been on an
exceedingly limited scale, buyers still operating with
the greatest caution, and the decline in American de
scriptions may be written at fully f. 6 a7, notwith
standing which sales cannot be effected without much
difficulty, and our quotations are now becoming quite
irregular.
Tho tFii« wppk nmmmtnd 14 I>ncr« in-
cluding 120 American on speculation, and 3000 Ame
rican and 50 Surat f»r export. The import was 40,-
703 bales, exclusive of four vessels arrived but not
reported. The American short staple were quoh d,
viz: ordinary 6 a 6}; middling fair 64 a 61; fair 6’-
a 7}; good fair 74 a 7j: good to fine 7{ a BAd.
HAV RE, Sept. 29.—There has been again a con
siderable degree of flatness in the aspect of business,
during the past se’nnight, the accounts from all parts
having been, generally speaking, of an unsatisfactory
tenor. I’hose from England, however, are of a rath
er less gloomy character, within the last three or four
days; and as it is now hoped that the crisis has reached
its highest point, our market is beginning to wear a
less unwholesome appearance, and prices have be
come more settled than previously. The transac
tions nevertheless continue of a very limited descrip
tion. and the buying is merely from hand to mouth.
Sales from 23d to 29tti September, 2853 bales; im
ports 6371 bales.
The sales this week amounted to 24.700 bags, in
cluding 2000 American on s|»eculation, and 3000
American and 200 Surat for export. The import was
9848 bales. The American short staple were quoted,
viz : ordinary as| ; mid. fair 6a6g ; fair 6g a6| ;
good fair 6£ a 7| ; good to fine 7| a B'l.
HAV RE, Sept. 30 —morning.—Our cotton maiket
closed exceedingly dull yesterday evening ; the sales
were only 250 bales, at a decline of fully f. 1 on our
quotations, the intelligence received from England
being again of a gloomy character, and that from the
interior bearing no prospects of a better trade.
The general aspect of the market is that of great
dullness and want of confidence. We have also to
notice a decline in prices of Wheat, the crop being
satisfactory.
The weather, which was very cold last week, has
become line, and there will be a good harvest in our
wine countries.
At Liverpool, the sales of Cotton, on Monday, 27th
inst., were only 3000 bales, at a farther decline.
Wheat and Flour experienced a decided fall in Li
verpool and London, Good Western Canal flour real
ised 235.
From the South Carolinian.
Tribute to Lieut. David Adams.
So. Ca. College, Oct. 7th, 1847.—Ata meeting of
the South Carolina College Cadets held this evening
in the Chapel, Capt. Jas. N. Lipscomb was called to
the chair, and P. E. Porcher appointed Secretary.
The chairman briefly, but eloquently explained the ob
ject of the meeting, whereupon Lieut. Laborde intro
duced the following Preamble and Resolutions, which
were unanimously adopted:
We, the members of the Cadet Corps of the South
Carolina College, have received witli no ordinary
emotions, the intelligence of the recent glorious, but
bl »ody victories of the American arms, near the City
of Mexico. While participating in the general feel
ing of thecountry, and mingling our voice with that
of the whole land, we feel that we have a s{*ecial in
terest, when we remember that some of the gallant
men who were foremost in battle, but very recently
were members of this company, and allied to us by
all the ties of a common interest and an ardent affec
tion. While it is matter of exultation that they did
their duly most nobly, and have thus contributed to
the honor and glory of our beloved State, we have to
mourn the death of the chivalrous Lieutenant Adams,
so recently an officer among us, who nobly fell on the
bloody field of Churubusco, while proudly bearing
the colors of his company amid the storm of battle.
But we are not without high consolation when we
contemplate the manner of his death. To die for one’s
country, has always been the aspiration of noble and
elevated mind ; and the martyred hero has ever been
regarded as worthy of consecration in the affections
of posterity. Our lamented friend sleeps in the bed
of the soldier, and we trust has won for himself im
perishable glory.
7* : ierefore Resolved, That we will cherish with
pride and affection the remembrance of the hi?h hon
or, the gallant bearing and many virtucsof Lieutenant
David L Adams, and that we tender to his afflicted
relatives the tribute of unaffected sorrow.
2 R-so'.ted, That in further testimony of our re
gard, we will wear the usual badge of mourning for
th rty days.
3 Resolved, That the editors of the Columbia,
EdgetieiJ, and Hamburg papers be requested tu pub
lish the al>ove proceedings, and that a copy of the
same be forwarded to the relatives of the deceased.
J\MF> N. LIPSCOMB, Chairman.
P. E. Porcher. Secretary.
Destructive Fire in Philadelphia—Alex
ander's Printing Office Destroyed.
Philadelphia. Oct. 19.9 p. m.—A fire threat
ening great destruction of property has just
broke out in Alexander’s extensive Printing
Office, in Franklin place, above Chesnut-street.
The fire has communicated to a building on the
opposite side of the street, and strong fears are
entertained for the safety of Miner’s Franklin
Hotel.
9£ o’clock.—Through the exertions of the
firemen the ravages of the flames have been
confined to the building in which the fire origi
nated. The injury to the surrounding proper
ly has been but trifling.
The sale of the Saturday Courier will posi
tively take place to-morow. Judge Parsons
having refused to allow an appeal to be taken.
Decliked.-- We learn from the Macon ‘Mes
senger and Journal’ that Capt- Seymour has
declined the appointment of Lt. Colonel of the
Infantry Batallion. The illness of Mr-. S. is
stated as the cause. We hope that the Gover
nor will find another equally competent on
whom to bestow the honor.
From the beginning of the year up to the Ist
inst the amount coined at the branch mint at
New Orleans was of which $5 -
OUO.OOO were in gold. It is estimated that be
tween eight and nine millions will have been
coined a: that establishment by the end of the
year.
□Uigusta, QM.:
TUESDAY MORNING, OCT. 26, 1847.
Over Trading.
There is great danger that the immense ex
ports from this country within the last twelve
mouths will result in causing the importation
of vastly more British goods than the country
requires.
The New York “ Tribune” referring to a
statement recently published respecting the ex
ports of breadstuff’s during the past year, re
marks:
“ While our exports of breadstuff's to Great Britain
have thus increased, she has been sending us in re
turn a largely increased amount of cottons, which we
ought to produce among ourselves. Among the ex
ports from Great Britain to the United States in the
first six months of 1846 and 1847, we find the follow
ing : 1846. 1847.
Plain calicoes- • • -6,116.285 yards. 22.571,485 yds.
Printed calicoes* • 7,643,856 “ 23,619,581 “
Total 13,760,141 “ 46,191 066 “
“Showing an increase of 32,503,000 yards, equal
to 250 per cent, increase.”
A reaction is now in progress in favor of fo
reign industry, which should command the ear
nest attention of every prudent, thinking man.
Over-trading has ever been the besetting sin
of the American people. It is extremely diffi
cult for us to bear great prosperity. Enjoy
ing, at all times, a high standard of physical
comfort, and laboring constantly to elevate it
more and more, as it is the part of wisdom to
do, our hope is prodigiously expanded, and we
purchase abroad, import and consume this
year many things which we really do not need,
and trust luck to pay for them out of our fu
ture profits. Debt, embarrassment, and the
sacrifice of property are the penalties paid for
this national folly. The importance of paying
as we go, of being free from all indebtedness,
is little understood and less* regarded by the
mass of our population. This principle forms
the basis of the science of keeping property.
How many thousands are skilful in directing
agricultural or mechanical industry, so as to
create a vast amount of wealth, and yet utter
ly fail in the greater art of keeping it? Their
confidence in the future attains a preternatural
development, in a hot bed composed of the most
stimulating, evanescent elements. The famine
of one year is regarded not as the exception, but
the rule by which the demand of Europe for
American breadstufts and provisions is ever
after to be estimated. In the heated imagina
tions of such persons, there is no limit to the
quantity of goods which this nation of agricul
turists may safely import and consume. This
is essentially the doctrine of the free traders;
but experience, bitter experience, never fails to
confound and punish the short-sighted advo
cates of this false theory who practice what they
preach.
De Bow's Commercial Review.
The October number of the “Commercial
Review of the South and West,” for October,
has been for some days upon our table.
The following are some of its able and valu
able contents:
Light Houses—Ancient Beacons, the Cyclops, Colos
sus of Rhodes, Tower of Corunna, Eddystone Light,
Light Houses in Europe, &c., &c. By the Editor.
Sugar—its cultivation, manufacture and commerce.
The Grain and Flour trade.
I'htorie.s of Creation and the Universe.
Firesand Firemen.
Direct Trade of Southern States with Europe.
The Cultivation of the Sugar Cane.
The Fame of Indian Corn.
Florida.
Cotton and the Cotton trade, ami Manufacture.
American Statesand Cities.
Commercial J urisprmlence.
Foreign Commerce.
This monthly is edited with great ability, and
would be of much Value to those who desire
full and constant information upon the subjects
connected with trade, commerce, commercial
polity, agriculture, internal improvements and
general literature.
There are prefixed to this number two maps.
One shows “the position of our continent as
compared with Europe and Africa on one side,
and Asia on the other, placing us in the centre.
Europe. 300(1 miles from us, with a population
of 250.000.000. and z\sia on the other side,
about 5000 miles from us, with a population of
more that! 700.000,000. The Railroad across
our continent will make us the centre and tho
roughfare for both. ”
’The other is a map of the United States and
a part of Mexico, with a description of the route
upon which Mr. Whitney proposes to run a
Railroad to some point in Oregon or California.
Mr. J. D. B. De Bow is both Editor and Pro
prietor. The work is one of great importance,
and conducted with acknowledged ability, and is
published in the city of New Orleans. Terms
$5 per annum in advance.
We commend it heartily to patronage, in the
South and West, as, while it is devoted to the
interests of the trade, commerce, and agricul
ture of the world.it will be specially mindful
of those interests in the South.
The Legislature'of Vermont assembled at
Montpelier on the 14th. Whig ollicars were
elected in both branches. There having been
no choice of Governor and Lieut. Governor
by the people, the Legislature proceeded to
make an election : Horace Eaton ( Whig) was
elected Governor, and Leonard Sargent
(Whig) Lieutenant Governor, by a majority
over their Democrat and Abolition opponents
of 20.
Despatch.—The New York and Erie Rail
road is expected to be open for travel as far
West as Port Jervis, Delaware county, before
the close of the present calendar year. From
Port Jervis to Binghainplon, a distance of 130
miles, the Roilroad is under contract—sooo
men being employed on that section—and is
expected to be completed in the Fall of
or about one year hence.
From the N. Y. Courier Sf Enquirer.
Letter of Gen. Taylor to the Hon. .Joseph
It. Ingersoll, of Philadelphia.
We have hoped for some time past, to obtain
a copy of the above letter; but we have been
disappointed, and for reasons which may be
hereafter staled. The general tenor and sub
stance, however, we are permitted to impart to
our readers.
The letter »s dated the 3d of August, at
the Head Quarters of the Army of Occupation
in Mexico. It commences by stating that he
(Gen. Taylor) is ‘-a Whig, notan ultra parti
san Whig, but a decided Whig;” that no one
could have observed the debate in the Congress
of the last session on the attempt to censure him
for the capitulation of Monterey, conducted
mainly on "party grounds," and doubt “Me
complexion of his (my) politics. ' That he has
held a commission in the army of the United
1 States for forty years—this commission being
one of the last issued by Mr. Jefferson ; that in
the last Presidential election he advocated the
election of Mr. Clay, believing that he and Ins
friends, •• assimilated" 1 more to the principles
of Mr. Jefferson than their "opponents. ”
Gen. Taylor proceeds then to define Ins pre
sent position—that he does not think himself
qualified for the Presidency ; that he would wil
lingly postpone his name to secure the election
of Air. Clay or any of the distinguished men of
the same school now presented to the public.
If, however, the people of the United States
shall spontaneously elect him. he shall feel him
self bound to serve; but that he will not accept
of a party nomination "exclusively" That if
he should be elected he will go into office un
pledged to any particular course; that he was
determined to carry out the intention of the fra
mersofthe constitution, of whom two (refer
ring to Washington and Madison, were among
the early Presidents of the country, and that tie
is determined in such case to be the President
of the •• nation,” and not of a "party"
This letter is. we understand*, the most full
and satisfactory exposition of Gen. Taylor’s
views, yet given by him. Mr. Ingersoll will not
consent to its publication, because it is an an
swer to a letter forged by some individual and
purporting to have been written by Mr. Inger
soll. when no such letter was ever written by
him.
We think Mr. Ingersoll right in the position
he has taken; but we hope he will take the
proper measures to relieve himself from this
difficulty, and obtain the consent of Gen. Tay
lor to lay this interesting document before the
public.
From the Rio Grande.
The U. 8. steamer Telegraph; Capt. Wil
son, arrived on Sunday from the Brazos, hav
ing sailed on the 12th inst. Col. Hava was
then at the Brazos with one company of his
battalion. He expected to leave fur Vera Cruz
in a day or tw o on the James L. Dav.
From Matamoros the only news of interest is
the severity with which the yellow fever is pre
vailing there.
\V e have by this arrival a verbal confirma
tion of the news that Gen. Taylor will establish
his headquarters at Matamoros by the 15th of
November.— Picayune. Y.Rh inst’
I give lessons in music and drawing,” as
the donkey said when he began to bray and
drag a cart after him.
GEORGIA.—HER RESOURCES,
(No. I.)
Under the above heading we propose to give
a series of articles designed to illustrate the Ag
ricultural, Manufacturing and Commercial re
sources of this State; and the importance of
maintaining a system of domestic and political
economy, which will render all these great re
sources productive in the highest degree. Few
will deny that it is highly desirable to give to
the citizens of any State the benefits of an ele
vated standard of physical and social comfort,
together with ail the advantages of high intel
lectual and moral culture. These can only be
attained, by establishing and maintaining a sys
tem of enlightened, profitable Agriculture, aid
ed by Commerce and the Mechanical arts.
Well directed rural labor is the only reliable ha.
sis on which to build public prosperity in Geor
gia. Is the Agricultural industry of the State
so directed at this time ?
So far as it does not admit of immediate im
provement, the above question must be answer
ed in the affirmative. We are constrained to
believe, however, that there are very few acres
within the limits of this, or any other State in
the Union whose products are grown at the
least possib’e expense. In other words, the
labor expended in producing the several crops
annually harvested, yields a much smaller re
turn than might be realized, if directed in strict
accordance with the known laws of Nature.
The materials for making the whole weight
and substance of all cultivated plants and do
mestic animals, which are placed within reach of
the husbandman by an all-wise and beneficent
Providence, lie unknown, and of course un
appreciated by the great mass of Agriculturists.
Os these constituents of organized, living be
ings, Georgia possesses a very large, and per
haps an exhaustless supply, at no great distance
from her fields now most sterile from improper
culture, and most forbidding from some natural
defect in the soil. The elements necessary to
form generous crops at a small expense in til
lage, must be studied. They are removed from
the surface soil by natural causes as well as by
the labors of the farmer; but, fortunately, they
are not transported so far as to make their resti
tution impracticable or difficult. There are
hundreds of natural basins, some of which have
been filled with sedimentary deposits and are
now dry. arable land, whilst others exist us
swamps and ponds, which contain the cream
of a large surface of the surrounding country.
This is but a feint outline of the condition of
things as they present themselves to the eye of
an agricultural geologist. To be understood,
the subject should be carefully investigated in
all its details. Formed mainly out of the debris
of granitic rocks, the soil is generally sandy,
with occasional beds of clay, open, and per
vious to water. Asa general thing, it never
contained more than a small per centage of
lime; and a large portion of this, (which the
parent rocks furnished,) has been dissolved on t
by rain water, charged with carbonic acid, and
carried with it into the basins and swamps
above referred to, and there deposited by the
escape of the carbonic acid gas into the at
mosphere, which held the carbonate of lime in
solution. Hence the origin of marl beds.
This mineral is one of (he indispeiisible ingre
dients in the ash or earthy portion of all culti
vated plants. Without it no animal, from man
to the sea coral, can form a particle of bone.
To prevent the too rapid loss of lime in the
loose, earthy matter on the surface of conti
nents and Islands, and thus deprive all terres
trial plants and animals of this essential cle
nietr, Providence has rendered common lime
rock quite insoluble in pure water. To meet
the limited, but enduring demand of growing
vegetables for this substance, it is made soluble
in water which contains carbonic acid gas,
whilst ihe supply of this gas in the atmosphere,
whence it enters the water of falling rains,
seems to be adjusted with infinite wisdom to
dissolve about the quantity of lime that the most
useful plants require in their organization, and
must draw from the earth. Os course, this wa
..Gov ntllPl* miiwrals ,14 well
as lime, enters the roots and circulation of vege
tables. But all the waler which holds lime in so
lution, doesnot enter the roots of plants. So
much ofitas runs away to feed springs, rivulets,
ponds, lakes and the ocean,carries with it what
ever salts it contains in a liquid state. Wherever
this water evaporates, whether on the surface
of the ground, of the ocean, ofswamps, or else
where, it leaves its saline elements behind. In
retentive, clayey soils, we uniformly find fiir
more of the salts of lime, potash, soda, magne
sia and iron, from whose surface much water
evaporates, than in sandy soils, through which
water runs like aseive. It is highly important to
make such soils more compact, by bringing up
clay from the subsoil, or from a greater distance.
It is still more important to learn how to feed
one’s crops growing on these leachy fields.just
what they need, and nothing beyond to be
wasted. Those who desire to learn more in that
regard, will find the subject discussed in all its
bearings, in the future numbers of the South
ern Cultivator.
Our present object is to take popular and
economical views of the agricultural resources
of the State, rather than a professional one of
the science of agricultural geology and chemis
try. Whatever light these modern sciences can
throw on the dark, mysterious path in which
the agriculturist is called to travel, he above all
men should receive—especially, should his sons
have an opportunity to study analytical chemis
try, vegetable and animal physiology, as a part
of their regular education. If highly cultiva
ted reason, and great scientific attainments are
worth any thing to any class of men, surely
those that direct the agricultural industry of this
nation of Farmers, who create a public opin
ion, which is alike supreme in power and all
pervading in influence, can not have their rea
soning faculties and moral perceptions too
largely developed. What signify vast natural
advantages, so long as they remain little under
stood, and less improved ?
Some of the London letters state that Lord
Ashburton sold out £500,000 of the funds to
strengthen the Barings.
Death oe Mr. Everett..—On the 29th of
June, at Canton, the Hon. A. 11. Everett, com
missioner from the United States to China, ex
pired. The funeral solemnities look place at
three o’clock I*. M. the following day, attended
by nearly the entire foreign community. Ibe
Rev. P. Parker officiated on the occasion. Af
ter the reading of an appropriate portion of
Scripture and prayer, the remains were con
veyed to the place of interment, Dane’s Island,
Whampoa, by the steamer Corsair, accompa
nied by most of the American and several of
the English community, and officers belonging
to H. C. steamer Pluto, Capt. Airey having,
with kind consideration, provided seamen from
! that vessel to convey the body to the grave. At
Whampoa the procession was joined by a de
tachment of armed men, sent by the French
commodore M. Liviere, (to escort it, and ren
der military honors to the deceased) and by a
train of boats from the English. American and
other vessels. The flags at half mast, and min
ute guns from the French frigate La Gloire,
the flag ship of Commodore Lapierre, con
spired to mark the interest and solemnity of the
occasion.
Arrival of tlie Frigate Macedonian*
I his fine frigate returned from her mission of
relief to the starving people of Ireland this
day—commander, officers and crew all well,
no accident having occurred during her voy
age, the object of which is duly appreciated by
the people she has visited. We learn that a de
tailed statement of her mission is in prepara
tion and will be published shortly. Wherever
she has gone the people of all classes seemed to
vie with each other in their endeavors to show
their grateful sense of her benevolent mission.
This morning the Macedonian anchored off
the Battery. John Sullivan, seaman, fell from
the main yard on deck and received some con
siderable injury.
Letters from Cork assert that nine thousand
persons in that district alone ha v *e been saved
from death by starvation, by the timely succor
brought out by the Macedonian.
The Macedonian has had tolerably good
weather excepting in the Channel, where she
encountered the heavy September gale, which
wrecked almost even thing afloat. She was
beating out of the North Channel, but was ob
liged to wear ship and make alee under Arran
Island, where she came to with loss of jib, fore
topmast stay-sail and a new fore-top-sail, close
reefed, being blown completely out of the bolt
ropes. The pilots assert that her safety is at
tributable to the very careful manner in which
she had been ballasted before leaving port.—A’.
York Commercial Advertiser, 22nd inst.
*• Ma, what is revenge ?’ “It is when your
daddy scolds me, and I hit him with the broom
stick. '
Snrgeon Roberts and Lieutenant Long
street.
In noticing the wounded, in the late actions
at Mexico, from Georgia, we omitted to men
tion the name of that most able and distinguish
ed Assistant Surgeon, Wm. Roberts, and the
brave Lieutenant Jimes Longstreet. The
former was from Glynn County, if we are not
mistaken, and the latter was a native of this
place.
Milledgeville and Gordon Railroad.—
At a meeting of the Directors, held on Saturday
last, Benj. S. Jordon, Esq., was elected Presi
dent, and a Committee was appointed to en
gage an Engineer who is to proceed forthwith
to locate the Road.
From South America.
Venezuela.—By the way of Havana, we
have later accounts from South America. The
Diorio de la Marina has dates from Caracas to
the 4th of September. The President of Vene
zuela had withdrawn the nomination of Gene
ral Paez as commander-in-chief, and other mil
itary officers, the crisis for which they had been
made having passed. The country appeared
to be tranquil, although the Government was
called upon from some sections of it for troops
to put down bands of robbers composed of
numbers of the dispersed factions. The Presi
dent in announcing to Gen. Paez the withdraw
al of his nomination, thanked him for the emi
nent services he had rendered his country, and
the latter in reply professed his readiness at all
times to leave his retirement at the call of the
country to maintain tranqulity and order.
There is already a strong opposition organi
zed to the administration of Gen. Monegas,
although he has been so shoita time in power.
It was principally founded upon objections to
his appointments to office.
A defalcation of $48,500 has been detected 4.
in the cashier of the port of Laguayra. The
most rigorous judical proceedingshad been in
stituted in the premises.
New Granada —President Mosquera left
Bogota towards the end of July, on a tour to
the provinces of the South, the Isthmus, Mag
dalena and Antioquia, with a view to promote
commerce, intercommunication, and other lo
cal improvements. His tour would be «aletid
ed through five months.
Ecuador.—The aspect of affairs in thiscouibX
try threaten a revolution. The family of Gen. ”
Flores is said to be in the greatest distress. The
local news from this country is without interest
here.— Pic. 17 th inst.
Mexican \Vhigism.—The Democratic organs
seem of late not to know any name for the
Whigs but “ Mexican Whigs.” Let us men
tion a few facts for the benefit of these callers of
hard names. Two Kentucky regiments destin
ed for Mexico are now encamped near this
city, and we are assured by gentlemen of the
highest respectability, who profess to know the
fact, that a large majority of the rank and file
of both regiments are Whigs. Leander Coxe,
Esq., who was the late Whig candidate for
Congress against Judge French, and who was
lampooned as a Mexican Whig by all the Dem
ocratic papers of the State, is captain of one of
the finest companies at the encampment, and
by far the larger portion of his company are
Whigs. There is a company upon the ground
from the strong Democratic counties of Henry,
Oldham and Trimble, and seventy men of this
company, or more than seven-tenths of it, are
Whigs. The regiments are made up of men
from nine of the ten Congressional districts of
Kentucky, but Lynn Boyd’s district, the only
Democratic district in the State, is not repre
sented by a solitary volunteer in either regi
ment ! Let the Locofoco scamps, whose tongues
are so familiar with the phrase “Mexican
Whigs,” digest these facts as they may. — Louis
ville Journal.
For the Seat of War.—Yesterday was a
particularly busy day for the Quartermaster’s
Department here. The schooner D. Coflin
was despatched to the Brazos loaded with hay
and grain ; the schooner November left for
Tampico with coal, hay and grain ; the schoon
er Ferdinand for Vera Cruz with 44 horses,
and hay, grain and other Quartermaster’s
stores ; and the brig Saldana for the same port
with 46 horses, hay. grain, &/C. The steamship
A. R. Hetzel leaves this morning for Vera
Cruz.
A New Experiment.—A recent work of sci
ence gives the following novel experiment,
which settles questions of some importance in
philosophy :
“ Two hundred pounds weight of earth were
dried in an oven, ami afterwards put into an
earthen vessel. The earth was then moisten
ed with rain water, and a willow tree weigh
ing five pounds was planted therein. During
the space of five years the earth was carefully
watered with rain water, or pure water; the
wmow grew ano ntmrmned ; and, to prevent
the earth being mixed with fresh earth, or
blown on it by the winds, it was covered with
a metal plate perforated with a great number of
small holes, suitable for the free admission of
air only. After growing in the air for five years
the willow tree was removed and found to
weigh one hundred and sixty-nine pounds, and
about three ounces; the leaves which fell from
the tree every aut mu were not included in
this weight.
“The earth was then removed from the vessel,
again dried in the oven, and afterwards
weighed; it was discovered to have lost only
about two ounces of its original weight; thus
one hundred and sixty pounds of woody fibre,
bark, or roots, were certainly produced; but
from what source ? The air has been discover
ed to be the source of the solid element at
least. This statement may at first appear in
credible, but on slight reflection its truth is
proved, because the atmosphere contains car
bonic acid, and is a compound of 714 parts, by
weight, of oxygen, and 388 parts, by weight,
of carbon.”
Georgia nnd Tennessee.
Georgia and Tenn ssee are determined to
become the great manufacturing States of the
South if not of the Union because they have
not only great resources in proportion to their
population but being traversed in every direc
tion by railroads and rivers, and having a double
outlet both to the Gulf and the Atlantic, they
will possess unparalleled advantages in regard
to both the foreign and domestic markets if our
people would display one half the energy and
enterprise of the Yankees. In a quarter of a
century from the present time we could surpass
the whole of New England in wealth and pop
ulation; indeed all that we now lack to develope
that enterprise and energy is the establishment
of manufactories and the more general intro
duction of machinery.
Let us compare for a moment the agricultu
ral wealth of the two States named with that of
New England. Georgia and Tennessee have
together a population of 1,694,009—the States
of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts,
Vermont, Connecticut and Rhode Island have
2,422,000 souls. Now let us see the relative
products of the two sections as developed by
the census of 1840 and by more recent statis
tics:
New England. Georgia a'ld Tenn.
Corn, 11,943,000 bush. •• 83,583,000 bush.
Wheat,-.-- 2.898,000 “ •• 9,911,000 “
Pdatoes,.. • 20,581,000 “ •• 3,792,000 “
Rye, 2,582,000 “ .. 448,000 “
Oats, 11,247,000 “ .. 9,458,000 “
B’k Wheat- 1,097,000 “
50,343,000 107,194,000
In addition to this, Georgia and Tennessee
produce annually about fifteen millions pounds
of rice, probably three millions of sweet pota
toes, none of which are raised in New England.
They also have, according to the census of
1830, 1,906,851 neat battle and 4,484,362 swine,
whereas the six New England States have but
I, neat cattle and only 648,698 swine.
Thus showing that whi e we have a little over
half the population of New England we have
more than double the capacity to feed them.
Hence the fact that provisions are comparative
ly so much cheaper in these States than at the
North, and hence the great advantage which we
would have as competitors in manufacturing
enterprise. In many parts of Georgia and
Tennessee operatives can live for less than
one-half of what it would cost them at Lowell,
or in any other of the great manufacturing cities
of New England. Having this immense ad
vantage in regard to provisions, and a corres
ponding advantage in procuring the raw mate
rial, why should our capitalists hesitate to invest
their means in manufactures. Especially why
should the citizens of Macon hesitate ?—Jour
nal and Messenger. •
From Vera Cruz. —By a letter received in
this city from Capt. Campbell, of Company G,
13tb Infantry, which left this city in April last
for Mexico, we learn that he and his company
had arrived safely at Vera Cruz from the Bra-
os.
In the letter before ns, Capt. Campbell, says:
“ Being troubled with many letters relative to
my men. I would be glad if you would have
published in both of the city papers, the follow
inglist of names of members in my Company,
who died at Mier, Mexico. The health of the
Company is generally good at present.
Corporal H. M. Torbett. Privates —Chas.
11. Garrard. Francis M. Pitts, John Mallon.
Everett H. Harper, Nathan 'l’. Quick, Bar’on
L. Baggett, Nathan Fowler, Enoch B. Duncan
Thus. J. Bugg.”— Constitutionalist.
The last Washington Union publishes a list
of the reinforcements now on their way to Gen.
Scott, and says, after making every allowance
for “the missing,” the whole force of General
Scott may be in a few weeks “estimated at 30,-
060 men. ” It may be “estimated ’at that, but
we doubt whether he will in fact have as many
by from 5 to 10,000.— Richmond Whig.
A New York letter in the Philadelphia
American says:—
A contract was made yesterday forthe engine >
of a boat which is to be built for th e North,
River. She is to be 400 feet long, and is to
make the passage from New York to Albany
and back between 6 o’clock. A. M-, and 6 P. M.