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Wcekhi tUhroiiKilc & jscntuici.
BY J. W. & W. S. JONES.
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Is Published every Wednesday,
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DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
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TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
In Weekly.—Seventy-five cents per square (12
lines or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty rents for
each subsequent insettion.
/or Sate.
VALUABLE LANDS FOR SALE.
IOT NO. ‘423, 6th District, 4th Section Chat
<* tooga county—l6o acres.
Lot No. 280. 7th District Irwin county —490 acres.
Lot No. 137, 9th Dist. Carroll county —202 J acres.
Lot N<». 249. 15th District, Ist Section Lumpkin
county —40 acres.
Lot No. 193,5th District Dooly county —2021 acres.
Lot No. 24, 11th District, 4th Section Cherokee
county—l6o acres.
Lit No. 66, 7th District, 2d Section Cherokee
county —l6O acres.
Jx»t No. 171, 4th Dist. Dooly county —202. J acres.
Lot No. 302, sth District, 2d Section Cherokee
county —160 acres.
Lot No. 85, 12th District Lee county —202 J acres.
Lot No. 10, 17th District Lee county —202$ acres.
Lot No. 396. 7th Dist. Appling county —490 acres.
Lot No. 47, 3'l Dist. Appling county —490 acres.
Lol No. 855, 12th District, Ist Section Cherokee
county —40 acres.
Lot No. 203, 6th Dist. Carroll county - 202| acres.
lx>t No. 2 Ist Dist. Henry county —202 j acres.
ALSO, 250 acres in Early county.
A LSO,
My Plantation in Columbia county, containing
three hundred acres.
Persona desiring to purchase any of the land will
address the Rtiberriber at Augusta, Ga. Terms, one
fourth cash, the balance in one, two and three years
for an v of the above land!'.
"22 wn3SAMUEL HAWES.
NOTICE.
THERE WILL BE SOLD, atU'gtt
lumhia Court-House, on the first Tuesday
in December next, a tract of land, where
on I now reside, containing one hundred and eighty
(ISO) acres, adjoining Murray, Flint and Steed, on
Germany** Creek. There are upon the premises a
comlortable Dwelling House and other convenient
buildings. I oiler the above at private sale, and if
not disposed ol before the lime (say Ist Tuesday in
December,) will be exposed to public sale.
</.'*-wtd JOHN B. BINION
Jefferson County Land for Sale.
■dSHI THK SUBSCRIBER offers In
plantation for sale, about seven hundred
•^■“^acreson the watersol Dry Creek, 6 miles
below Louisville, on the old Savannah road, well im
proved, having all houses thereon necessary for the
place. '1 he whole crop, plantation tools, and stock can
be had on the place. Bid quirk, and you will get a
bargain. Six hundred acres moicran be had adjoin
ing, if desired. sl3-wtf S. ARRINGTON.
FOR SALE.
A WELL SETTLED LONG 1
STAPLE COTTON PLANTATIONI
in Hamilton county, Middle Florida, two
miles from the lower Mineral Springs, a Mimmrr re
sort possessing unquestionable medicinal properties.
Said plantation contains 880 acres of god pint* and
hammock land, 3500 f which are cleared and under
good fence, with every building necessary for the
comfort anti convenience of the pl niter.
’There is sufficient water power on the premises to
propel machinery of any kind throughout the year.
Also —TEN NEGROES, (all workers,) Provision
Crop, Mules, Horses, and Plantation Implements
generally.
The above property is offered at private sale until
the 16th December next, if not
time mH be offered si public sale -W tin* j
day. Terms—One-fourth cash, balance in three
equal instalments, with interest and satisfactory se
curity. Apply to THOMAS D. DEXTER, Lower
Mineral Springs, Columbia county, E. F., or to the
subscriber at Jacksonville, E. F.
jy3l-wtf JOHN L’ENGLE.
VALUABLE PLANTATION FOR
SALE.
fl XKCI TOR'S SALE. -By virturof the last
J will and testament of John Swanson, deceased,
will be sold on the first Tuesday in December next,
before the Court House door, in the town of Madison,
Morgan county, the plantation, whereon the deceased
lately resided, containing fifteen hundred acres of
land, lying in said comity, eleven miles south of
M.idison, adjoining lauds <»l Dr. H tuirll, Washington
Walton and others, about two thirds cleared, and in
cultivation, the remainder being wood land, very
heavily timbered, the timber conveniently situa'ed to
all |Mi*(s of the plantation. There is on the place a
good dwelling bouse, and kitchen, gin house ami
packing-screw, and all other building requisite fur a
farm. Terms made known on the day of sale.
, . J \MES FSW INSON, Ex*r.
EXECUTOR’S SALE.
ON THE SECOND MONDAY-m»
in December next, will be sold tothe high
est bidder at public outcry, upon a credit -A.
of one, two and three years, the large and valuable
plantation of William M right, deceased, late oi the
county of Columbia.
This tract contains eleven hundred (1100) acres of
land; a large portion of it, the best Colton land in
Middle Georgia. I> is elegantly improved; with one
of the best country Mills in the State. There is about
four hundred acres ot it in the woods. Il is situated
in the county of Columbia, twenty-seven miles above
Augusta, S miles from the Georgia Rail Road, 6 miles
from Appling and 1 mile from Cubbhain. The sale
will take place upon the plantation.
Also, at the same time and place, upm a credit, a
porti.m of the Negr»»es, Household and Kitchen Fur
niture ; < ’urn, Fodder, Oa s, &c._ Mules. Horses, Pork,
Cattle, and F..mung Tools. A little of every thing
appertaining to a well conducted farm. Terms of the
most accommodating character. The sale made in
pursuance of the last Will and Testament of W illiam
Wright, deceased.
Any one desirous of purchasing privately the Farm,
ran do mo by addressing the Executor nt Cassville, Ga.
WGI’STI S R. WRIGHT, Executor.
Sepl 184 7. w«d
SALE OF NEGROES.
UARDIAN’fci SALE.—Pursuant loan order
W ot the Interior Court of Oglethorpe county, w hen
sitting Lt ordinary purposes, will l»e sold, on the first
T»iesd*y in January next, bvhure the cwirt-house door
in lx*xiiK*ton, Ga., about titty hkrty Negroes—men,
boys, women, girlsand children—«»of which belong
to the minors ot James late of said county,
deceased. Sold tor the l>euekt» of the heirs and credi
tor* ot mhl estate.
JAMl'.** V. JOHNSON, Guardian.
October 22. 1>47. wtd
Runaway Slave Sale.
SI IIC 1< I E ft*" S S.U.K, —Bv order of the Inferior
Court ot Wilkes county, will be gold, o<i the first
Tuesday in December next, between the law ful hour*
of sale, at Washington, in Wilkes countv. tor cash, a
negm man named Robert, about twenty-five years of
age. .lark comnleetioo, live feet ten or eleven inches
high, reports himself to belong to Dr. K *bert Wig
gins. M mtgomery countv. Slate of Alabama ; said
slave i*eing unclaimed, sold to pay expenses.
CHRISFOPHER BINNS, Sheriff.
October 20. 1847.
MANSION HOUSE,:- 1
JXX \l Gl ST\ GEORGIA. jtst
milK ISt»KKSIUXF.I». Pr.prirt«.r of the
JL Man> hi House, is yet Itetore the public in the
capacity of Hotel-keeper. Thankful always for the
smallest favors, and mure than grateful for the patron
age heretofore extended towards him. he hours not
only to ret-.ih bis funner custom, hut from his unceas
ing exertions, and die central pneutionof his bouse, to
have an unlimited sup|XM*t (particularly fro n the
tvu-ttry.Ja* his interest from birth is identified with
theirs. Ftie terms of board will b.* as low as anv m
thecit) GEO. G. MATHEWS
*2B-d6t«& w6m
A. HATCH,
MANUFACTURER OF HARNESS.
SADDLES. BRIDLES. & Ac.
(NEXT DOOR \BOVE P MGRANS.j
* H X *» ON II \Nl>
( YHB ** t - K x.
ladies' SADDLES, ot* every style and
> . ■' HARNESS
\ - H Ba Sole LEATHER.
I I . I N kS,
V ALI-ES and t'AKPE T B KGS. Xc Ac., w a .
variety ot other articles m his line, which he will sell
al r*as*mabir pnees
HARNESS v >AUDI.IS -.iadeb order. »nd re
pairing dune at the shortest notice. nl9
v w. hooker'
Manufacturer of Saddles. Bridles
and Harness.
NOW EOK ** VI E- _
i XaflE
Plainer*, Boys ..id L.,j .--Al 27 ■
S KDDI E- ' ■ ‘ • • • 1 r b Gu
M \\ . H\ R NT-*** ; S I. .. B Har
b LEATHER.
. . . Nx" \ \
USES an ‘ YR PI F BAGS witl
other art •>« tn the I me, which anti be soldat rea
•Mxal'le pnees, a few door* abuse the Insurance Bank.
B o2Qw9m
lime. lime
rWAUK si HNURIBEKN have be.ume the
JL Agcn->\ r the sale of the LIME made at me
Conasena Kdn in Cias county, and will keep cuu
•tendv hand a wu-v 0* this market.
m E A ROBERTSON
Augusta, 0CO.:
THURSDAY MORNING, NOV. 18, 1847.
Advantages of Mannfactiirlng.
“ Not long ago, I saw a statement that the Cotton
crop of Georgia, in 1845, was 185,758,128 lbs. This
at Bc., yielded the State 814,860,650.24. Manu-
lactnred into yarn, it was worth that year, 15cts. per
lb., and would therefore have yielded the State $27,-
863,719-20, or nearly double what it did in its raw
stale. As the expense of spinning numbers ranging
from 5 to 12 is about 2cts. per lb., the cost for giv
ing this increased value, would be 83,715,162.56,
which would be distributed amongst a class of our
population unable to obtain a livelihood by any other
means as easily, to wit: women and children, and es
pecially female children. 'Thus would the other in
terests be not only relieved of so much competition, or
so much charity, but would actually be supplied with
ready, numerous and profitable consumers. Nearly
all of the last above named sum, would go into the
Farmers’ pockets for Grain, Pork, Beef, Poultry, But
ter, Eggs, <fcc. The above is simply the result of the
first step of manufacturing. ”
The above extract, from a private letter to
the Editor, is well worthy the consideration of
the Legislature, and indeed the whole people of
Georgia. The writer, a philanthropist of en
larged and liberal views, has bestowed much
attention on the subject, and as his sources of
information are ample, his reflections should
not pa«s unheeded by a people whose social
and pecuniary condition he so earnestly desires
to improve.
The estimate of the Cotton crop of Georgia,
on which the above calculation is based, we
think too large, but that does not in the slight
est degree aflect the force of the argument. —
For whatever may be lite extent of the crop, or
the portion manufactured, the benefits result
ing to our people from its manufacture within
our own limits, will be in a corresponding
ratio.
Low Fares on Rail Roads.
Im our notice of the Report of the Chief-
Engineer of the State Railroad a few days
since, we dissented from the arguments and
conclusions of that officer, in reference to a low
rate of fare for passengers. The advocates of
low rates have always been met with the argu
ment, that the population of the South was too .
sparse, the people were too little disposed to
travel, and hence, a reduction to a low rate
would not prove remunerative. The correct
ness of their positions we have always doubted,
although we have not heretofore met with the
.statistics of any Road passing through si sparse
ly populated country which aiforded satisfacto
ry proof of their error. A late comparative
statement <rf the receipts on the Wilmington
and Raliegh Railroad, however, furnishes the
most conclusive proof of the correctness of our
views, which we subjoin:
Years. Receipts. Rates of Fair.
1811, 297,229.39 820
1842, 211,977 48 13
1843, 226.172.99 13
1844, 289,533.75 13
1845, 288,493.45 12
1846, 317,82*2.49 12
1847, 331,480 20 10
This Road, as our readers are aware, passes
through as sparse a population as any Road in
the Union, fur a great portion of its length, and
yet this exhibit of the receipts for a period of
seven years, shows that a much larger amount
has been received when the fare was ten dol
-11 ill-.,, 1t’11,,,! I>k <1 k-'kt.k It*'l kJ tlVnllfV
Jars than when the rate was twenty
That like reductions upon all the other Roads
at the South would produce like results wc
have no doubt. The companies would there
fore, not only be enriching themselves by the
operation, but they would accomplish a very
by bringing the people of distant
secuons into daily intercourse, which would
improve, enrich and increase the cities as well
on the route as at the termini of their respect
ive Roads. Upon the other advantages to re
sult from such intercourse we need not des
canton this occasion, they are too apparent to
the intelligent ami reflecting.
A Fruitful Farm.
The Cook Fann, near Bush wick, on Long Island,
(N. V ) which contains only 30 acres, and was con
sidered a tew years atf<> almost hojadessly barren, has
sent to market this summer 342 bushels of peas in the
|mmI —average price 75c. a busnel; 1000 bushels ot
psatoes —price 6S|c. —and 500 bushels remaining
yet to dig ; 40 bushels per 'lay of tomatoes, the whole
cron estimated at 1,200 bushels, al 50c. per bushel.
4000 piles are now thu kly covered with Lima beans
perfectly grown, 1200 bushels of bu.-h beans have
been disp'»scd of--average price 44c. a bushel. Corn,
3 acres; blue top turnips. 1* acres; cabbages, IJ
acres, 5,000 tn the acre; hay for all their stock ;
wheat, 75 bushels, Cayenne cherry pepper, a bean
ful patch, estimated at 25 bushels on one twentieth of
an acre.”
Wk clip the above from an exchange paper,
for the purpose of showing to our planters,
who so generally run into the great error of at
tempting to cultivate too much land, how much
more profitable it is to cultivate a small farm of
well-improved land well, than to attempt to
cultivate a large one with an exhausted soil,
it will be seen by a compulation that the sale ot
peas, potatoes, tomatoes and beans alone, the
product of this thirty acres of land, amounted
to over two thousand dollars, leaving a con
siderable portion of the products in corn,
wheat. Ac. to be sold. It is true the owners
had the advantage of a large market almost at
their door, where the products readily com
manded high prices; this, however, while it il
lustrates the value of a market, does not aflect
the force of the argument in favor of cultiva
ting a small q.iantily of land, and directing the
energies of the planter to its constant improve
ment. By such a system in Southern agricul
tui»’. similar rotmlta may be attained in the cul-
lure of corn, cotton, and all other products oi
the country, and our planters will then learn
that it is better to enrich one acre of laud, than
to till three acres without such improvement.
Bumokkd Escape of Santa Anna. —The N.
O. Delta notices this report brought by the last
arrival from Vera Cruz, and after expressing
a disbelief tn its truth, very piqtiantly adds: If, •
however, the rumor, should prove true, we |
think it has been pretty clearly proved that, as |
it was a great mistake to admit Santa Anna i.’Jto
the country, so it will be a great advantage to 1
get him ont of it. We hope that he will be al
lowed to remain abroad as long as we occupy
thecountry. and that Mr. Polk and all ourfuture
Presidents and cabinets, will steer clear of a
man who. in cnninng and diplomacy, has no ;
equal in the world.
Thanksgiving Day.—Gov. Town*has issued '
his proclamation, in accordance with the joint I
resolution ofthe Legislature, appointing Thu.’s- 1
day the 'doth inst., to be observed throughout •
he Stale a« a day of Th anksoiving.
Thanksgiving.—The Governor of Missis
sippi has appointed the 'doth mst. as a dav of
titanksgtving in that State.
Governor Johnson lias recommended to the
people of Louisiana that they keep the 9th
dav of next December as a dav of thanksgiv
; IQg . ’ ' !
Stkkrvgk Passengers to Eternity. The
Congregation who worship in one el the most
gorgeous churches in Xew York, are about to
construct a separate and cheaper place ot wor
-1 ship for the poor. Thia, says the New W orld.
is making steerage passengers of the poor on
the voyage to eternity.
i Tknnkssfe Lkgisi a tv re —The Legislature
have completed the election of the three judges
of me Supreme Co tri KI -- - W B I ’■
ley. (L E ' was re-elected for the western dis-
1 Uriel N Grav. hig> was re-eiecled for the
; middle distr.ct: and Robert J. McKinney.
Wh«g> was e'ected judge of the Supreme
Court vs East Tennesse.
Fortvnata Iv>irx*ce Office- The Haver
hill ' Mutual Eire Insurance Company,
•ire. we understand, now returning on exp- red
po’icies per cent, ofthe premium paid in
This company has never dur.ng its ex *:t nee
ost quite >7OO. and the cost of insurance for
the past live years averages less man car cent
per Near on •sen hundred dollar*. Hamrhui
Tribute of Respect to Gov. Crawford.
Milledgeville, Nov. 3d, 1847.
Dear Sir — The Whig party being desirous of tes
tifying their respect to you, and of manifesting their
high consideration of your late administration, have
deputed to us, as their committee, the pleasure of in
viting you to parrake with them of a public dinner at
such time as shall suit your convenience.
Very respectfully, your friends,
Hines Holt. J- M. Berrien,
MINES MUL.X, "•
r Wm. Terrell, J- A. Meriwether,
S. A. Wales, C. J. Jenkins,
k A. J. Miller, I- E. Harris,
= A. H. Kenan, F. S. Bartow,
J. A. Nisbet, C. H. Shockley,
’ Wm. Law, Henry Sanford,
C. Dougherty, R- V. Hardeman,
r Robt. Toombs, Edward Y oung Hill,
I). A. Reese.
George W. Crawford, Esq.
r
1 Milledgeville, Nov. 4, 1847.
Gentlemen: — Your invitation of yesterday, testi
-5 lyingyotirestimate of my administration, just con
cluded, by tendering to me a public dinner on such a
’ day as might suit my convenience, I have had the
honor to receive.
I beg you and those whom you represent to be as
’ sured that I regard this evidence of your kindness
and cont-ideration with unmixed pleasure. To one
leaving office, minute in details ami constantly brought
in contact with almost every interest, no higher grati
fication can be afforded, apart from his own convic
tions, than the good opinions of those, who were first
his advocates and afterwards to some extent, his jud
ges. As it has been your pleasure to tender to me
judgement in the manner referred to, permit me to
say that I am greatly obliged, and in respectfully de
clining your invitation, I can only adtl that its accept
ance could not increase that gratitude which I feel
and cordially express on this occasion.
Be pleased to make my grateful acknowledgments
to those you represent and accept individually, the
assurances of my respect and esteem.
1 am, gentlemen, your humble serv’t and friend,
GEO. W. CRAWFORD.
Messrs. A. H. Kenan, and others, Committee, &c.
Report of the Condition of the Central
Hank.
Central Bank of Georgia, )
November Is/ 1847. )
His Excellency Geo. W. Crawford:
Sir:— ln compliance with the requisitions of
the rieventeenlh section of the charter of
this Bank, I herewith submit the following re
ports :
Document enclosed, No. 1, contains a state
ment of the Central Bunk on this day, Ist No
vember, 1647.
No. 2. the general result of the operations of
this institution, from the sixth of November,
1613, up to the Ist day of November, 1647—by
which it will be seen that the collections and
payments of the Bank, during the above stated
period, have amounted to about the sum ol
one million of dollars.
The bills of this Bank, now in circulation
anioiitilonly tothe sum oftwenty-two thousand
one hundred and forty-six dollars, very few of
which may be expected ever to make their ap
pearance here for redemption. Beyond these
bills, the immediate liability of the Bank is its
outstanding Bonds, amounting, in ail iiupro
vided for. tothe sum of §479.440.60 —of which
amount the sum of §357,09->- 60 falls due du
ring the following year, and §122,045 the year
after—to meet wh.ch the Bunk has assets, which
are deemed good, about the sum of three hun
dred thousand dollars, two-thirds of which may,
with proper vigilance, be collected the ensu
ing year in time tu meet the payment ol the
Bonds as they fall due.
To the above amount of Bonds maybe added
as a further liability, interest thereon, which
may be pul down at the sum of thirty thousand
dollars.
Most respectfully your obedient servant,
J. S. Thomas. D. C. Bank.
Statement of the condition oj the Central Bunk oj
Georgia, on Munday, November Is/, 1647.
DEBTOR-
To Balance Capital StockS 183,819
To United States surplus revenu*l,osl,422 09
To discount on notes, 1846 and 1847* • • 65,361 <0
'Fo discount on bills “ “ .... 13,819 28
To Stale S percent. Bonds 500,4->2 bO
To credit ot individuals 48,688 45
To balance first emission of notes-9,949
To u second “ u 14,155
To “ third “ “ 1,334
To Bank State Georgia 6,413 44
Bal. euiis’n of Cen. Bunk notes-25,438
Do. on hand* 3,292
In circulation22,l46
$2,195,507 S 4
CREDITOR.
By Bank Stock, (Darien)B32s,ooo 00
“ Bonds, notes, &c., received Pin State* 179,471 51
“ Brunswick Railroad and Canal stock, 50,000 Ul)
“ Notes discountedl49,269 58
“ Bills “ - • 169,407 5o
“ Commissions Western and Atlantic
Railroad paid on scripll9,o7B 63
“ State 6 pret. bunds— paid interest on, 166,316 01
“ Sinking fumi—redemption of 6 per
cent, bonds ?1’ 60 ? ?, G
“ Suspense account •• • 25,0b2 -3
“ Penitentiary, (overdraw) 2,200 VO
“ Comini.-stons, paid 1846 and 1547 •• 21,712 96
“ Salaries, “ “ 5.962 nO
“ Protest acount
“ Inchlrntalexpenses. 1946an<l 1847*• 1,492 05
•• Real estate 1,320 99
“ I .tcrest account, paid interest on 3
percent bonds 1846 and IS4« - •• • 103,47 I .’■>
“ State of Georgia 100 00
Profit and loss-• • 30,315 32
“ Premium 16 69
“ Bank <>f Augusta •• •• - 27,795 40
“ Bank of Darien22,7o6 62
“ Do. do. Macon* 4.917 67
o i) o . do. Mil*ville, 4,351 75
Cash balance —Bank notes, Checks, &-c. •• 87,2< 6 77
82,195,507 84
Tie foregoing cash baLmce consists ot :
Darien Bink n0te5.834,170 00
Western Bank Rome notes 4.575 00
Ocniulgee notes, 1,925 00
Bank of Columbus notes. 85 00
Planters anil Merchants Bank, C«»lumbus, 140 00
Chattah<vx-hce Railroad Bank, 95 00
Phoenix Bank, Columbus, M icon, &c.,** 499 00
Receipt for Munro R. R. Banking <
notes, 4-613 50
Receipts for Ocniulgee notes, soa 00
•• Comm.*rcial Bank Macon notes 3,275 00
<* U *. 4* “ 803 00
Central Bank notes, 3,292 00
o a “ 19b 50
Current notes and checks, 13,047 it
$57,276 77
John S. Thomas, D.C. Bank.
A. M. Nisbet, Cashier.
■ Imnitdijli: I.iabilUits of tJie Bank, 6 - If 43 - I
State 8 per cent. Bondsß3-1.144 bl
Cred.t Ind.viJn.ls.
’ Di. laends.-n Bank Stock, 51“
Balance Circulation, 673,522 Ob j
$1,294,554 75 ,
Immediate Liabilities ot the. Bank, -Nur. 1. Ib4r. ■
State 8 pr. ct. bonds, • • • -$500.4 V 2 80
Ordered paid on 29th ult., 21.012 ’
Credit of individuals,-•• • ’38,688 45 <
■ Circulation, 25.438
On hand. 3,292
I Reduceti balance, 744.279 50
$1,294,554 75
Immediate liabilities reduced from Nov. 6lh.
1843. to Nov. Ist. 1847. seven hundred and
• fortv-four thousand two hundred and seventy-
■ nine dollars and fifty cents, alter paying two
hundred thousand dollars interest on Stale 8 ;
percent Bonds expenses of collections and ex
penses of Bank.
John 8. Thomas. D. C. Bank.
A. M. Nisbet, Cashier.
A Good Suggestion.—The recent elections
; of Solicitors by the Legislature, which con- ;
• sinned so much of the time ot that body, has
I suggested to the Editor ofthe Journal A* V<s
seagcran improvement in our system, which is
i well worthy of the consideration ot the Legis
lain re :
“The experience of the LegiUature in regard to
th.’isr el«*euo!is has been any thing bat agreeable.
O u Saituxi ty, for instance, there were twenty-six can
didau'** ; *«d yet only one elected* The daily expense
ot'the L<gwiature isover SBOO. This sum was there
fore spen.’ gntily some twelve ortifteen candidates, |
.-l it? scle officer win»se salary is $225 pel an-
:. . \V<- ’id it not t-e weli tor us to take a leaf :rmi
I the book of experience oa this inauer ?
• There me Sol. ciucs receive a salary of SISVU. with
pcrq-nsius ; and are required to attend up n the Legis
lature and perthmi the ttn|X'rtant duty of preparing and
! puttin’ in proper sivape the various bills intended to
’ be reported by metn.'ers — thus saving i great ex|»cn
‘ diture of tune and money and securing, general.)
; speaking, wise and consistent * cgisl.itb u. The salary ,
com rnnds a high order of tale.nts and respectability .
on the part of the incumbent, U n,s diminishing the ;
’ number : applicants and insuring vigorous pro-ec i- .
| non of offenders. The ado;*:->n Jf annular system in ,
j Georgia fad to operate bcnchc* al*?’- u u c -’’d .
I a< tort mvc much time now wnMod
ment of imperfect I•:drawn by meinbe."® "ho are
profoundly ignorant of the nature and intex prvtatiiui (
existing statutes. ”
4 Sfru»-x Liar Z>:.'?r<rr-t Philad'lphia
ana l "t —TI Phi ide pi • I S. Ga- |
! zette sure* that the attention of their merchants |
■ and *.api<alisi* has been seriously directed to
the e*••ubbshment of a ogular line ol steam
• packet? 1 between that city and Charleston. Tne
latter eixv. says the Gazette, must become ’du*
■ outiei of a 1 a>t amount ofthe products ot the
Western states, south of Mason and Dix.tis
' I ne . aud the completion of the Railroad to
Tennessee, will five her die command of a
: stretch of territory larger than that boasted by
i ' the commonications connecuug with any c.ty
| upon the AdaiiUC beard
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 24, 1847.
From the New Orleans Picayune, Yith inst.
Manifesto of Gen. Paredes.
We are persuaded that onr readers will pe
ruse with interest the following manifesto of
General Paredes, an ex-President of Mexico,
probably the best soldier of the Republic, and,
in view'of those best able to judge, an honest
man and a patriot:
Manifesto of Gen. Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga
-j - —. a—
to his fellow-citizens.
Countrymen :—The force of circumstances and
events constrained me to absent myself from my fam
ily and to leave my country. I sought in Europe an
exile, where I devoured in silence the grief which I
suffered as a father and a citizen —severe is the task
of stifling the feelings so natural under such circum
stances. Notwithstanding, nothing so depressed my
spirits, nothing so preyed upon my heart, as the im
possibility of giving to my country the same services
which I rendered her in the happier days of her in
dependence —fighting for and pouring out my blood.
i- This exile, and the constrained inaction to which I
was condemned, were to me a most costly sacrifice,
a But one single consideration could have brought me
e to submit to it, the necessity of depriving my enemies
of the pretext that in rny person an obstacle Was pre
sented to the defence of the national territory, the fate
s of which caused me the most painful disquietude, for
e I foresaw the consequences, and the danger was be
t coming constantly more imminent.
It is easy to conceive die agony of such a position,
and the anxiety in which I lived. I sought unceasing
t ly to take part in the current of events, but the dis
tance rendered this impossible; each day’seemed to
? me an age. In the meanwhile the most sinister ru
> mors were current in Europe, which are ever the pre
cursors of the great calamities that nations endure ;
the Republic was insulted, humiliated, abased; its
1 gratui’ous enemies and those who were ill-disposed
towards it, omitted nothing which could injure it.
< Unhappily the events of Monterey, the Angostura,
i Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo ensued to confirm those
ominous portents, and they increased tny anxiety and
my distress. I saw with dread a large portion of the
territory of the Republic in the power of the enemy ;
the States of Chihuahua, Coahuila, New Leon, Ta
maulipas, New Mexico and the Califbrnias had been
I invaded; alike fate had befallen Vera Cruz; the
city ami castle had been occupied, and the battle of
Cerro Gordo laid open the road to the capital and ex
posed the nation to the gravest and most frightful con
sequences. On every side the Republic was assault
[’ ed ; she was hemmed in by a hue of steel, and the
- cause of justice succumbed in every encounter. Dif
ference of opinion did not disappear ; civil war again
presented itself, arid the blood shed in the combats with
the foreign foe was not sufficient to extinguish civil
dissensions.
Such a state of affairs was terrible, for who could
look with indifference upon calamities like these, fol
lowing one upon the other .’ Who could think upon
. the conflict and the difficulties in which the country
was involved without feeling a vehement desire to sa
| crifire himself in her defence? Do you suppose that
| a citizen in whose breast had once burned the purest
I patriotism, could look with frigid egotism upon such
calamities? Could a soldier, pusilanitnous and cow
ardly though he were, remain an unconcerned spec
tator, fir from the scene and the places where the
conflict was going on for a cause so just and interests
■ so sacred ? Could he watch unmoved the audacious
strides which the invader was making in his work of
iniquity ? Misfurtune never has overwhelmed my
; soul; but my prostrate country could not survive ca
lamities like these. 1 declare to you with all sinceri
ty, I hesitated not a moment, and followed the impul
ses of my heart; inspired by a patriotism pure and
free from personal speculations, 1 embraced the reso
lution of coming to join my efforts with vours in favor
of our country. 1 reflected not that 1 had enemies
among my countrymen, for 1 had been the enemy of
none; I never considered that 1 should become the
mark of the poisonous shafts of calumny, for I was
satisfied with the purity of my intentions; all within
me was truth. I came to oiler my services to a coun
try which saw me in the ranks of her glorious inde
pendence, and if necessary, to sacrifice myself for her.
I harbored neither suspicions nor fears, neither re
sentments nor enmities. I sought to unite my efforts
to those of her other sons, again to present the country
to the world in an attitude of dignity and to command
respect. I came not to arouse nor to inflame the pas
sions of Mexicans against Mexicans, nor to excite re
collections painful tor the country. But one thought
occupied me, and that was that there was still a foot
hold iefi from w hich to tight, still a space where the
war might yet be w aged, and that the soil, moistened
with the blood of so many martyrs, might again be
come the th* at re of lofty prowess in which valor and
patrioti.-m could obtain their deserved reward.
Occupied exclusively with this idea, I gave notice
to the Government ol my determination from Paris,
under date of the 17lh June last. 1 made with all
haste my preparations for the voyage, and embarked
at Southampton on the July packet. I reached Vera
Cruz the 14th of August, and as 1 learned in Havana
that the same packet would convey to the Governorot
Vera Cruz intelligence of my coining, I was the fcrx-t
to k ‘and changing my ctcsk I ha-d-the
fortune to escape from the city, incognito, before the
commandant of the enemy had time to take mea
sures consequent tqon the betrayal of me by an un
worthy mao who hail recognised me.
The precautions I had taken and the promptitude
with which I acted saved me, for five minutes had not
elapsed before the gates of'he city were closed and at:
order given to the cavalry outside the walls to give
chase ami pursue me; but all their measures were
fruitless, for 1 fled with rapidity, taking the road of
La Soledat, a.id thence I continued my journey
through a mul’itude ol dangers, such as they encoun
ter who travel through a country overrun with evil
doers. I proceeded to Cordova and Orizaba, and at
last reached Palmar, from which point I again ad
dressed his Excellency the Minister of War, notifying
him of my arrival and offering my services. Little
regard was paid to my overtures ;my proflered servi
ces were contemptuously rejected, and not only were
the good wishes which animated me disregarded, but
a surveillance was ordered upon me, and directions
were given t > the Governor of Ver t Cruz to seize and
reship me, and to tlr Governors of the other States,
including the commandantes generate#) to conduct
me a prisoner t * Acapulco.
Fortunately’ these orders, dictated by a hatred the
most concentrated, by an ignoble thirst f.r vengeance,
by the most profound resentment, and, what is more
criminal than all, by prior engagements which the
head of the Mexican Government had entered into
with the I nited States, ♦ were rendered nugatory by
the good sense of the worthy chiefs who saw me and
who could have executed these orders, ami by those
sentiments of justice not yet extinct among Mexicans,
and by the horror excited by the idea of converting
them into the instruments of despicable and unworthy
passions. They refused with honest indignation t
execute these orders, well knowing the shameless ty
ranny in which they originated. It was notorious
that the President of the Republic had no authority tc
issue them, for it was expressly forbidden by the 3c
article of the decree of April 20ih of this year, to im
pose |>eiialiits up.»n Mexicans, n*>t withstanding the de
sign of the decree w as to invest him with extraordina*
rv powers. It was an outrage, fur it violated the tn *s
sacred guarantees. I h id not lost my position as a Mex
ican; I was entitled to return freely to rny country
there was no legal resolution, no measure passed in re
gard to me prohibiting my return. I was under th<
protection of the laws, and these are the reasons win
th*#e orders were disobeyed which commanded m.
re-embarkativii, mv seizure and imprisonment—or
ders directed against a man w ho, oppressed w ith infir
mities and with affiiction at seeing his country destroy
ed. her independence and nationality threatened witl
I extinction, sought t» die upon her soil, and solicitei
any place whatever amongst therar.ksof his country
men to accompany them to the combat.
I During this unj : ust persecution by the man who ha
rained Mexico and brought her to the depth of that
abyss in which we now see her. 1 received repeated
requests fr-an military chiefs to place myself at the
head of the tr.xq* u hich they commanded ; but I con
stantly refused, so as not to afford to my enemy by a
divisi’.n ofthe army an excuse by which he could
palliate or gloss over the disasters caused by his want
of skill and' stupidity, by hi* total military incapacity.
Now that he has d.-’taclu-d himself from t! e direction
ofihe Government by abandoning it, I await employ
ment from the Government which has succeeded him,
should it be deemed proper, and should it be thought
that mv services may be otany use. I will never ac
cept any command unless it be by the order oi the
Government.
Here, felmw-cifizens, have I written in a tew words,
with sincerity and good faith, the history of my return
to the Republic, of the conduct which 1 observed upon
tnv arrival therein, and of the position which I now
maintain. Let calumny, hatred and malevolence in
vent reports against me as they please, my actions
will constantly give the lie to them.
I desire that von would seriously fix your attention
upon the situation in which the country is placed. Its
jwostriitiou is the fruit of divisions and exacerbation of
passions, of political hatred, of rivalries and distrust,
pushed to the greatest extremes. Let us repudiate oar
errors, let us detest our irregularities, and let the
school of misfortune make us cautious for the future.
Let not the lesson of experience be lost upon us ; let
us not be blinded by illusions. Let us apply a retne
dv m the ills of the nation, and recognizing its true
necessities. le< us labor together for its well-being, in
trepidly driving back the enemy who has j>enetrated
to the heart of the country, that so we may prevent
the hiunibaiMNl and annihilßtioo of our country.
Mariano Paredes y Akrjllaga.
I'ula'icinco. Be/ '. 29, 1847.
• 1 allude to the message of Mr. Puik to the Con
gress of the Vni'>n. and to ttot stipulations inserted in
Vi • V ..»■ : fc*. .* >
the pamphlet ot Gen. Reqitna. the precise terms of
u hich Id < not cue, n«»t h tv ; ng either of the two papers
by me. The ujvsx tge of Mr.lPolk was published in
die 7?r; of the 21?di and 21st of January last.
Still Another Planet. —On the 10th of
October. Mr. Hind, of Loudon, the discoverer
: of In*, discovered another small planet, near
I the star 15 Orionis. of the size of a star of the
• ninth magnitude, with bhieish light. On Oct.
l*di. sh. 22m. 27s it* \ R. was oh. 3m. 425.,
• and north decimation 14 deg. 31 min This is
> the fifth planet brought to our knowledge with
in the la< fifteen months, viz: Neptune Astra a.
Hebe. lr and the last—and the eight now
known to exist between Mars and Jupiter.
Sale of the Mount 8 w age Works.—The
■ extensive iron works in All gany county. Md.)
; known as the Mount Savage Iron Works, were
» sold entire, including the railway from the
• work-* to Cumberland.on Thursday last, at pub
lic auction. lor $225.i1k). They were bought
bv Conn' v A. W;n-:ow. large iron manufac
turers oi Aibany. who. it is supposed, will im
mediately resume operation*
The sum paid is scarcely half the cost ofthe
works, and is believed to be far below their
real value.
Girard College is to be opened for the recep.
lion of orphan* on th« Ist of January usxl
Augusta, ©a.:
FRIDAY MORMSG* NOV. 19, 1847.
Judge UougHerty and Ciuwfwrd.
The editor oP the Journal and Messenger, in
a letter from Milledgeville, after announcing
the result of the Senatorial nominations, pays
the following just and eloquent compliment to
1 these two distinguished Whigs.
“They have both beea faithful, laborious, efficient,
self-sacrificing menibersof the parq&—have been with
us in 1 six troubles’ in the not be like
ly ‘to forsake us.’
“The position of Judge Dougherty isone that must
challenge universal admiration. Twice did he sub
mit to be supported for the Executive chair, when his
friends were in a hopeless minority and when he had
nothing to anticipate but the abuse his enemies and
ultimate defeat. So too, when he a candidate for
Congress. Indeed his purpose tkro|ghont his politi
cal career seems to have been to serve his friends and
maintain his principles, regardless oLwlf. Even on this
occasion he felt unwilling that his name should be
presented at the hazard of the harmony
of the Whig party, and begged his
friends not to announce it in the conven
tion. He finally yielded to their ftnWunities mainly
from the consideration that ?ts'*i>w’ ; entation there
would effectually preclude either or foe from
using it before the Legif-jatur - i ich a man the
Whigs of Georgia shouW’cMwffiy more
substantial than indulge hi mere einpty expr<&>ion« of
gratitude and admiration. Whenever they have
wanted the prestige of high mental and moral attain
ments he has been willing to loan them the power of
his name and of his character. It is their shame, as
well as his honor, if they allow his modesty to prevent
him from wearing the chaplet of victory when'it has
been fairly won.
“Governor Crawford is not a whit less deserving
than his worthy competitor; nor has he less hold up
on the affections of the masses. Indeed, the impres
sion seems general, that he has been clearly sacrificed
by his devotion to Judge Berrien. It is not pretend
ed to be concealed, that his ncme would have been
successful had be consented to have it presented for
the first vacancy. This he would not allow, prefer
ring, as is understood, to remain faithful to an old
friend, rather than to be made Senator. The success
of his Executive career just closed, has given to Go
vernor Crawford a national reputation— one which it
would have been the interest as well as the duty of
the Whigs to maintain. The majority of the Legis
lature having determined otherwise, he will submit
cheerfully to the public w ill, and retire to private life.”
Seat of Government of Alabama.—The
Governor of Ala. has issued his proclamation
declaring Montgomery the Seat of Government
of that State.
Taylor Meeting in Alabama.-The Montgo
mery Journal contains a call for a Taylor meet
ing “to take the initiative steps to call a State
mass meeting to arrange a Taylor Electoral
Ticket for that State.”
Executive Appointments.—John T. Smith,
ofTroup. John M. Patton. ofCass, and Charles
11. Rice, of Dooly, Secretaries to the Execu
tive Department, and Benjamin F. Gullet, of
Talbot, Messenger.
The Difference.—The Wheeling Times
says that Mr. Van Buren is “willing to be Pre
sident if the interests of the Democratic party
require it—General Taylor, if the interests of
the country require it.”
Unconstitutional.—The “no license law”
of both Pennsylvania and Delaware has been
declared unconstitutional by the Supreme
Court of each of those States.
The Georgia Mounted Companies.—The
Columbus Enquirer of the 16th instant says :
Serious apprehensions have for some days
been entertained in this community for a por-
tion ofthe Mounted Battalion from this State.
e ,
We understand that Capt. Hamilton, with his
command, has arrived at Vera Cruz Gapt.
n Kendall’s company, wi ll whom went the Lieut,
a Coloneland his Staff, were forced by stress of
'* weather to put in at Tampico- We hope that
1 ttarneM a .-rrrat witt*v>ring
e news of the safe debarkation of the whole com
mand at the place of their destination.
( , The Virginia Conference of the Methodist
t Episcopal Church commenced its annual ses-
* sionat Charlottesville on Wednesday 10th inst.
L . —Bishop Andrew of Georgia, presiding.
.f
y Congress.—The next House of Represen-
tatives will stand Whigs 116, Democrats 112,
J Native 1.
By Tele;'ra ph for the Baltimore American.
Interesting from Santa Fe.
Cincinnati, Nov. 15.—The St. Louis pa
'* pers received to-day inform us ofthe arrival in
t that city of a gentleman who brings news from
s I Santa Fe, up to the 17th of September. At a
* i fandango, on the 13th September, some difli-
* i cultv having arisen between a Mr. Bolt and a
private in ( apt. Gauer’s company, the latter
e drew a pistol and shot the former dead. It
, | caused some excitement among the people, but
e the culprit was immediately placed under arrest
. I by the officers t»f the company, and. as the mat
o ter will undergo a legal investigation, all parties
y • appeared satisfied.
d | At Santa Fe on the 12th, the troops were all
e in excellent health. The Illinois regiment
s « ’ stationed at this place, expected shortly to be re
® inforced by the arrival of some fresh troops.
r\ I Col. Easton enforced rigid discipline, and was
very popular wrh his troops. The inhabitants
ts j expressed themselves much pleased with his
to government, and seemed satisfied that they
Id were used better than they ever had been be
»- i tore.
8- Letters from Judge Burdine, residing at Taos, had
i- j been received at S.mta Fe. staling that the lawless
st , fjortion of the Indians end Mexicans at that place, had
<- threatened to commit depredations on the property of
■ ; the citizens, and that they apprehended much trouble
8- . from those worse than savages. The commandant at
>e ; Santa Fe, seeing the peril the inhabitants were in,
iy ! their lives and property being in jeopardy, at once
iy I took prompt measures for their relief, by despatching
r- I several companies of troops to their assistance.
r- ' The A pacha Indians were murdering individuals
v- | and surprising small parties of emigrants and plunder
th ing them whenever an opportunity occurred.
id An expedition was being fitted out, and a number
y- of tr<»ops ordered south, but fur what purpose was not
stated.
as
Com S ror k rnv iv n C -L’ T’l.z,
COM. STOCKTON AND <,F. N . RE ARN E Y The
St. Louis Republican, of the sth inst., contains
a letter from Com. Stockton, in which lie po
sitively denies a statement which has been pub
lished in most of the papers of the United
States, that he was not •• Coomiander-in-ChieF'
of the United States forces in California, on
their march from “San Diego” to the “Ciu
dad de los Angelos,” in January last. His let
ter isaccompatiied by a letter published by him
in the Californian in March last to the same ef
fect. and sustained by statements signed by a
number of army and navy officers. Lieut.
Archibald W. Gillespie, in his endorsement of
the fact, says, that he carried orders from Com.
Stockton as Commander-in-Chief to General
Kearney, and that during their march from San
Diego to the Cindad de los Angelos, General
Kearney told him himself, that he recognized
Com. Stockton as Commander-in-Chief
The Republican also gives the substance of
a conversation wah the Commodore, in which
he asserted that Gen. Kearny declined to take
the proffered command on their march from
•• San Diego, *' asserting that he would rather
serve as second in command, and having pre
viously offered his services to him as aid.—
When the Commodore arrives a: Washington,
he declares it to be his intention to demand a i
full investigation, which will doubtless add to
i the interest of the Fremont trial.
The Supreme Court ot New-York has de
cided that the writs issued against Messrs.
Prime. Ward & Co., under the Stillwell Act, I
were valid under the statutes, although no Hn . j
, potation of fraud had been made against them.
The Canadian mails to and from Liverpool
will hereafter be sent to Halifax instead of Bos
ton.
The Magnetic Telegraph is rapidly extend
' ing itself over the entire I nion. There are
now finished and ih operation thirty-one hues,
with 3.1'47 miles wires. There are also eie
‘ ven more lines in progress of construction, with
2.-12 miles of wires: besides 3 others in com
temp.ation. with milt-s of wires. Thus
5 it will be seen that the lines, finished. in pro
gress. and contemplated, show an aggregate
0f7,?59 unies of w ires. — Amer.
Mr. J. W. Smith, of Brooklyn. N. Y.. pro
prietor of the Apothecaries Hall, a large and
costly building. has introduced gas into his pre
mises. which he manufactures by an apparatus
procured from Europe. —BuZi- J mor.
e *
e A large steam boiler in the sugar refinery of
Messrs. Foelucher A: Co. ot Sudenburg,
/. Prussia. exploded on the 30th ultimo. Ihe
.. fragments struck thirty-three w orkmen, four of
whom were killed on the spot, five died while
being conveyed to tne hospital- and eight next
e day.
.r Deaths in New York.—There was 2-3
deaths in New York last week—93 men. 6-
women. 76 boys.and 43 girls; died ot con
?• sumption 47 : dysentery 12; fevers 3c; udain
m&tivns 23
OFFICIAL DESPATCHES.
BATTLES OF COKTRERAS AND CHU
RUBUSCO.
Report of Major-General Scott —(Dupli-
cate*) — [No. 31.]
Headquarters of the Army,
San Augustin, Acapulco RoadMMiles from Mex
ico, August 10, 1847
Sir: Leaving a competent garrison in Pue
bla, this army advanced upon the Capital as
follows : Twiggs’s division, preceded by Har
ney’s brigade of cavalry. the 7th, Quitman’s di
vision of volunteers, with a small detachment
of United States marines, the Sth ; Worth’s di
vision, the 9th ; and Pillow’s division the 10th
—all in this month. On the Sth 1 overtook
and then continued with the leading division.
The corps were at no time beyond five hours
or supporting distance apart; and, on descend
ing into the basin of the capital, (seventy five
mi’es from Puebla,) they became more closely
approximated about the head ofLake Chalco,
with Lake Tescuco a little in front and to the
right. On the 12th and 13th we pushed recon
naissances upon the Peaon, an isolated mound
(eight miles from Mexico) of great height,
strongly fortified to the top, (three tiers of
works.) and flooded ayj.und the base by the
season of rains and sluices from the lakes. This
mound, close to the national road, commanded
the principal approach to the city from the east.
No doubt it might have been carried, hut at a ‘
great and disproportionate loss, and I was anxi
ous to spare the lives of this gallant army for a
general battle, which I knew we had to win be
fore capturing the city or obtaining the great
object of the campaign—a just and honorable
peace.
Another reconnoissance was directed (the
13th) upon Mexicalcingo, to the left of the Pe
non. a village at a fortified bridge across the
outlet or canal leading from Lake Jochimilco
to the capital—five miles from the latter. It
might have been easy (masking the Penon) to
force the passage ; but on the other side of the
bridge we should have found ourselves four
miles from this road, on a narrow causeway,
flanked to the right ami left by waler or boggy
grounds. These difficulties, closely viewed,
threw me back upon the project, long enter
tained, of turning the strong eastern defences of
the city by passing around south of Lakes Chal
co and Jochimilco, at the foot of the hills and
mountains, so as to reach this point, and hence
to maiKßiivre on hard ground, though much
broken, to the south and southwest of the capi
tal, which has been more or less under our view
since the 1 Oth instant.
Accordingly, by a sudden inversion—
Worth’s division, with Harney’s cavalry brig
ade. leading, we marched on the 15th instant.
Pillow’s and Quitman’s divisions followed close
ly, and then Twiggs’s division, which was left
till the next day, at Ayolla, in order to threaten
the Penon and Mexicalcingo. and to deceive
the enemy as long as praticabie.
Twiggs, on the l(>th, marching from Ayotla
towards Chalco, (six miles.) met a corps of
more than double his numbers—cavalry and
infantry—under General Valencia. Twiggs
halted, deployed into line, and by a few’ rounds
from Captain Taylor’s field battery, dispersed
the enemy, killing or wounding many men and
horses. No other molestation has been expe
rienced except a few random shots from guer
rilleros on the heights; and the march oftwen
ty-seven miles, over a route deemed impracti
cable by the enemy, is now accomplished by all
the corps—thanks to their indomitable zeal and
physical prowess.
Arriving here, the 18th, Worth’s division and
Harney’s cavalry were pushed forward a league
to reconnoitre and to carry or to mask San
Antonio, on the direct road to the capital.
This village was found strongly defended by
field works, heavy guns, and a numerous gar
rison. It could only be turned by infantry, to
the left, over a field of volcanic rocks and lava ;
for, to our right, the ground was too boggy.—
It was soon ascertained, by the daring engineer,
Z * . It .....1 I fAt-....-. ■»• ■. I
Capt. Mason and Limits. Stevens and lower,
’ that the point could only be approached by the
s front, over a narrow causeway. Hanked with
wet ditches ofgreat depth. Worth was order
ed not to attack, but to threaten and to mask
. the place.
The first shot fired from San Antonio (the
t 18th) killed Captain S. Thorton,2d dragoons,
r a gallant officer who was covering the opera
tions with his company.
The same day a reconnoisance was com
menced to the left of San Augustin, first over
difficult mounds, and farther on, over the same
field of volcanic rocks and lava which extends
- to the mountains, some five miles, from San
Antonio towards Magdalena. Th is recon nuis
saner. was continued to day by Captain Lee,as
sisted bv Lieutenants Beauregard and Tower.
. all ofthe engineers ; who were joined in the af
ternoon by .Maj. Smith ofthe same corps. Oth
er divisions coming up, Pillow's was advanced
to make a practicable road for heavy artillery,
and Twiggs’s thrown farther into front, to co
ver that operation ; for, by the partial recon
naissance of yesterday, Capt. Lee discovered a
large corps of observation in that direction,
1 with a detachment of which his supports of ca
-1 valry and foot, under Captain Kearney and
1 Lieut. Col. Graham, respectively, had asuccess
ul skirmish.
1 By three o’clock this afternoon the advanced
r divisions came to a point where the new road
1 could only be continued tin .er the direct fire
1 of 22 pieces of the enemy’s artillery, (most of
1 them of large calibre,) placed in a strong en
' trenched camp to oppose our operations, and
s surrounded every advantage of ground, besides
immense bodies of cavalry and infantry, hourly
‘ reinforced from the city over an excellent road
1 beyond the volcanic field,consequently entirely
' beyond the reach of our cavalry ami artillery.
Arriving on the ground an hour later. I
* found that Pillow's and Twiggs’s di visions had
s advanced to dislodge the enemy, picking their
s way (all officers on foot) along his front, and
f extending themselves toward the road from the
city and the enemy’s left. Capt. McGruder’s
field battery of 12 and 6-pounders, and Lieut.
1 Callender's battery of mounted howitzers and
j rockets, had also, with great difficulty, been
,f advanced within range ofthe entrenched camp.
e These batteries most gallantly served, suffered
t much in the course ofthe afternoon from the
i, enemy’s superior metal.
e The battle, though mostly stationary, con
g tinned to rage with great violence until night
fall. Brevet Brig. Gen. P. F. Smith’s and
s Brevet Col. Riley's brigades. (Twiggs’s divis
ion.) supported by Brig. Generals Pierce’s
, r and Cadwalader’s brigades, (Pillow’sdivision.)
Jt were more than three hours under a heavy
fire of artillery and musketry, along the al
most impassable ravine in front to the left of
the entrenched camp. Besides the 22 pieces
of artillery, the camp and ravine were de
fended closely by masses of infantry, and these J
again supported by clouds of cavalry, at hand '
and hovering in view. Consequently no de
cided impression could be made by day
light on the enemy’s most formidable position,
because, independent of the difficulty of the
ravine, our infantry, unaccompanied by caval
ry and artillery, could not advance in column
without being mowed down by the grape ano
canister of the batteries, nor advance m line
without being ridden over by the enemy's
numerous cavalry. All our corps, however,
including Magruder s and Cadwalader’s last
batteries, not only maintained the exposed po
sition early gained, but all attempted charges
upon them respectively, particularly on Riley’s
(twice closely engaged with cavalry in greatly
superior numbers.) were repulsed and pun
ished.
From an eminence, soon after arriving near
the scene, I observed the church and hamlet of
Contreras, (or Ansalda.) on the road leading
up from the capital, through the entrenched
camp, to Magdalena, and seeing at the same
time the stream of reinforcments advancing by
the road from the city, I ordered (through Maj.
Gen. Pillow) Col. Morgan, with his regiment,
the 15th, till then held in reserve by Pillow, to
move forward and occupy Contreras, (or
Ansalda) —being persuaded, if occupied, it
would arrest the enemy’s reinforcements and
ultimately decide the battle.
Riley was already on the enemy's left, in
advance of the hamlet. A few minutes later,
Brig. Gen. Shields, with his volunteer brigade,
(New York and South Carolina regiments,
Quitman’s dvision.) coming up under my or
ders from San Augustin. I directed Shields to
i follow and to sustain Morgan. These corps,
! over the extreme difficulties of ground, par-
I Dally covered with a low forest, before de-
I scribed, reached Contreras, and found Cad
| walader’s brigade in position, observing the
j formidable movment from the capital, and
j much needing the timely reinforcement,
j it was already dark, and the cold ram had be
, gnu to fall in torrents upon our unsheltered
■ troops; for the hamlet, though a strong defensive
! position, can hold only the wounded men. and.
, \ unfortunately, the new regiments have little or
‘ j nothing to eat in their iiaver-acks. Wet, hun-
| grv and without the possibility of sleep, all our
' I gallant corps. 1 learn, are full of con deuce.
’ and only wait for the last hour of darkness to
f . gain the positions whence to storm and carry
• I the enemy s works.
i I Os the seven officers dispatched, since about
f i sundown, from my position opposite to the
»\ enemy's centre, and on this side of the field of
t rocks and lava, to communicate instructions to
the hamlet, not one has succeeded tn getting
3 through those difficulties, increased by dark-
* ness. ~ They have ah returned. But the gal
t- iant and indefatigable Capt. Lee. of the en
i- gineers. who has been constantly with the oper
ating force*. .«_ju«tin from Shields, »mith.
Cadwalader, &c. to report as above, and to
ask that a powerful diversion be made against
the centre of the camp towards
morning.
Bng. Gen. Twiggs, cut off, as above, from
the part of his division beyond the imprac
ticable ground, and Cnpt. Lee, are gone, un
der my order, to collect the forces remaining
on this side, with which to make that diversion
about five o’clock in the morning.
And here 1 will end this report, commenced
s at its date; and, in another, continue the nar
rative of the great events which then impended.
I have the honor to be, sir, with high respect,
t your most obedient servant,
Winfield Scott.
i Hon. Wm. L. Marcy, Secretary of War.
: —7
[Duplicate.]
a No. 32.] Headquarters of the Army.
Tacubaya, at the Gates of- Mexico, Aug. 28, 1847.
Sir : My report No. 31, commenced in the
night of the 19th instant closed the operations
of the army with that day.
The morning of the 2()th opened with one of
a series of unsurpassed achievements, all »n
view of the capital, and to which I shall give
the general name— battle of Mexico.
In the night of the 19ih Brigadier Genera s
Shields, P. F. Smith, and Cadwalader, and
Colonel Riley, with their brigades, and the 15lh
regiment, under Ceionel Morgan, detached
from Brigadier General Pierce, found them
-4 selves in and abonlthe important position—the
village, hamlet, or hacienda, called indifferent
ly, Contreras, Ansalda, San Geronimo, half a
mile nearer to the city than the enemy’s en
trenched camp, on the same road, towards the
factory of Magdalena.
That camp had been, unexpectedly, our for-
> midable point of attack the afternoon before,
. and we had now to take it, without the aid of
• cavalry or artillery, or to throw back our ad
, vanced corps upon the road from San Augus
t tin to the city, and thence force a passage
> through San Antonio.
5 Accordingly to meet contingencies, Major
r General Worth was ordered to leave early in
the morning of the 20th, one of his brigades
to musk San Antonio, and to march with the
other, six miles, ria San Augustin, upon Con
’ treras. A like destination was given to Major
• General Quitman and his remaining brigade
in San .Augustin—replacing, for the moment,
I the garrison of that important depot with
Harney’s brigade of cavalry, as horses could not
, pass over the intervening rocks, &c. to reach
the field of battle.
A diversion for an earlier hour (day light)
had been arranged the night before, according
to the suggestion of Brigadier General Smith,
received through the engineer. Captain Lee,
who conveyed my orders to our troops remain
ing on the ground opposite to the enemy’s
centre —the point for the diversion or a real
attack, as circumstances might allow.
Guided by Capt. Lee. it proved the latter,
under the command of Colonel Ransom, of the
9th, having w ith him that regiment and some
• companies of three others—the 3d, 12th, and
rifles.
Shields, the senior officer at the hamlet, hav
ing arrived in the night, after Smith had ar
ranged with Cadwalader and Riley the plan of
attack for the morning, delicately waived inter
ference; but reserved to himself the double
task of holding the hamlet with his two regi
ments (South Carolina and New York Volun
teers) against ten times his numbers on the side
of the city, including the slopes to his left, and,
in case the camp in his rear should be carried,
to face about and cut oft’ the flying enemy.
At 3 o’clock A. M. the great movement com
menced on the rear of the enemy’s camp, Riley
leading, followed successively by Cadwalader’s
and Smith’s brigades, the latter temporarily un
der the orders of Maj. Dimick. of the Ist Artil
lery—the whole force being commanded by
, Smith, the senior in the general attack, and
whose arrangements, skill and gallantry always
challenge the highest admiration.
The march was rendered tedious by the
darkness, rain and mud; but about sunrise,
Udi AIIV3.', , ~... .........
Riley, conducted by Lieut. Tower, engineer,
had reached an elevation behind the enemy,
whence he precipitated his columns; stormed
the entrenchments ; planted his several colors
upon them, and carried the work—all in seven
teen minutes.
Conducted by Lieut. Beauregard, engineer,
and Lieut. Brooks, of Twiggs’s staff —both of
whom, like Lieut. Tower, had, in the night,
twice reconnoitred the ground—Cadwalader
brought up to the general assault two of his
regiments—the voltiguers and the 11 th ; and at
the appointed time, Col. Ransom, with his tem
porary brigade, conducted by Capt. Lee, engi
neer. not only made the movement to divert
and to distract the enemy, but, after crossing
the deep ravine in his front, advanced, and
poured into the works and upon the fugitives
many volleys from his destructive musketry.
In the mean time Smith s own brigade, un
der the temporary command of.Maj. Dimick,
following the movements of Riley and Cadwal
ader, discovered, opposite to and outside ofthe
works, a long line of the Mexican cavalry
drawn upas a support. Dimick. having at the
head of the brigade the company of sappers
and miners, under Lieut. Smith, engineer, who
had conducted the march, was ordered by
Brigadier General Smith to form line faced to
the enemy, and in a charge, against a flank,
routed the cavalry.
Shields, too, by the wise disposition of his
brigade ami gallant activity, contributed much
to the general result. He held masses of cav
alrv and infantry, supported by artillery, in
check below him, and captured hundreds, with
one General (Mendoza) of those who fled from
above.
I doubt whether a more brilliant or decisive
victory—taking into view ground, artificial de
fences, batteries, and the extreme disparity of
numbers —without cavalry or artillery on our
side —is to be found on record. Incl iding all
our corps directed against the entrenched camp,
with cJneilds’s brigade at the hamlet, we posi
tively did not number over 4.500 rank and file ; ,
and we knew by sight, and since more certain
ly by many captured documents and letters, |
that the enemy had actually engaged on the ‘
spot 7,000 men. with at least 12,000 more hov
ering within sight and striking distance—both
on the 19th and 20th. All, not killed or cap
tured. now fled with precipitation.
Thus was the great victory of Contreras
achieved ; our road to the capital opened ; 700
ofthe enemy killed; 813 prisoners, including,
among them 88 officers. 4 Generals; besides
many colors and standards ; 22 pieces of brass
ordnance—half of large calibre ; thousands of
small arms and accoutrements; an immense
quantity of shot, shells, powder, and cartridges ;
700 pack mules, many horses, &c. —ail m our
hands.
nanus.
It is highly gratifying to find that, by skilful
arrangement and rapidity of execution, our
loss, in killed and wounded, did not exceed, on
the spot. 60—among the former the brave Capt.
Charles Hanson, ofthe 7th infantry—not more
distinguished for gallantry than for modesty,
morals, and piety. Lieut J. P. Johnston, Ist
artillery, serving with Magruder’s buttery, a
voung officer of the highest promise, was ki’led
the evening before.
One ofthe most pleasing incidents of the vic
tory is the recapture, in the works, by Captain
Drum, 4th artillery, under Maj. Gardner, ofthe
two brass six-pounders, taken from another
company of the same regiment, though without
the loss of honor, at the glorious battle of Bue
na Vista—about which guns the whole regi
ment had mourned for so many long months!
Coming up a little later, I had the happiness to
join in the protracted cheers ofthe gallant 4th
on the joyous event; and, indeed, the whole
army sympathizes in its just pride and exulta
tion.
The battle being won before the advancing
brigades of Worth s and Quitman’s divisions
were in sight, both were ordered back to their
late petitions—Worth to attack San Antonio
in front with his whole force, as soon as ap
proached in the rear by Pillow’s and I’wiggs s
divisions, moving from Contreras through Ban
Angel and Coyoacan. By carrying San An
tonio we knew that we should open another—
a shorter and belter —ruad to the capital for our
seige and other trains.
Accordingly, the two advanced divisions and
Shield’s brigade marched from Contreras, un
der the immediate orders ot Maj. Gen. Pillow,
who was now joined by the gallant Brigadier
Gen. Pierce, of his division, personally thrown
out of activity late iu the evening before by
a severe hurt received from the tail of his borne.
Aller giving necessary orders on the field, in
the midst of prisoners and trophies, and send
ing instructions to Harney's brigade ofcavalry
left at San Augustin, to join me, I personally
followed Pillow's movement.
Arriving at Coyoacan two miles, by a cross
road, from the rear of San Antonio. 1 first de
tached Capt. Lee, engineer, with Capt. Kear
nes's troops. Isi dragoons ; supported by the ri
fle regiment. under Maj. Loring, to reconnoitre
that strong point; and next despatched Major
Gen. Pillow, with one of his brigades, t Cad
walader’s,) to make the attack upon it, in con
cert with Major Gen. Worth, on the opposite
side.
At the same time, by another road to the left,
t Lieut- Stevens, ofthe engineers, supported by
Lieut. G. W. smith's company of sappers and
f miners, of the same corps, was sent to recon
noitre the strong ft fortified church or convent
: of San Pablo, in the hamlet of Churubusco, one
- mile off. Twiggs, with one of his brigades.
1 Smith's, less me rides.) and Capt. layiors
field batteiy, s'ere ordered to follow and to at
tack the convent. Maj. smith senior engineer,
was despatched to concert with Twiggs th<
VOL. LXI. -NEW SERIES, VOL. XL, NO. 47.
mode and means of attack, and Twiggs’s other
brigade (Riley’s) I soon ordered up to support
him.
Next (by all in ten minutes) I sent Pierce
(just able to keep the saddle) with his brigade,
(Pillow’s division,) conducted by Cepl. Lee,
engineer, by a third road, a little further to our
left, to attack the enemy’s right and rear, in
order to favor the movement upon the con
vent and cut off’ the retreat towards the capital.
I And finally. Shields, senior brigadier to Pierce,
with the New York and South Carolina volun
teers. (Quitman’s division,) was ordered to fol
, low Pierce closely, and to take the command
of our left wing. All these movements were
made with the utmost alacrity by our gallant
roops and commanders.
Finding myseif at Coyoacan, from which so
many roads conveniently branched, without es
cort or reserve, I had to advance for safety
close upon Twiggs’s rear. The battle now
J raged from the right to the left of our whole
• line.
Learning, on the return of Captain Lee, that
Shields, in the rear of Churubusco, was hard
pressed and in danger of being outflanked, if
not overwhelmed by greatly superior numbers,
I immediately sent, under Major Summer. 2d
dragoons, the rifles (Twiggs’s reserve) and
Captain Sibley’s troop, 2d dragoons, then at
hand to support our left, guided by the same
engineer.
About an hour earlier, Worth had, by skillful
and daring movements upon the front and
right, turned and forced San Antonio—its gar
rison, no doubt, much shaken by our decisive
victory at Contreras.
His second brigade (Col. Clarke’s) conduct
ed by Capt. Mason, engineer, assisted by Lieut.
Hardcas.le, topographical engineer,turned the
right, and by a wide sweep came out upon the
high road to the capital. At this point the
heavy garrison (3,000 men) in retreat was, by
Clarke, cut in the centre, one portion, the rear,
driven upon Dolores, off tothe right; and the
other upon Churubusco, in the direct line of
our operations. The first brigade, (Col. (Jar
land’s) same division, consisting of the 2d ar
tillery, under Major Galt, the 3d artillery, un
der Lieut.-Col. Bellon, and the 4tli infantry,
commanded by Major F. Lee, with Lieut.-Col.
Duncan’s field battery (temporarily) followed
in pursuit through the town, taking one gene
ral prisoner, the abandoned guns, (five pieces,)
much ammunition, and other public properly.
The forcing of San Antonio was the second
brilliant event of the day.
Worth's division being soon reunited in hot
pursuit, he was joined by Major-General Pil
low, who. marching from Coyoacan and,.dis
covering that San Antonio had been carried,
immediately turned to the left, according to my
instructions, and. though much impeded by
ditches and swamps, hastened to the attack of
Churubusco.
The hamlet of scattered houses, bearing this
name, presented, besides the fortified convent,
a strong field work (tete de pont) with regular
bastions and curtains, at the head of a bridge
over which the road passes from San Antonio
to the capital
The whole remaining forces ofMexico—some
27,090 men—cavalry, artillery, and infantry,
collected from every quarter—were now in, on
the flanks or within supporting distance of
those works, and seemed resolved to make a
last and desperate stand*; for if beaten here,
the feebler defences at the gates of the city—
four miles off—could not, as was well known
to both parties, delay the victors an hour. The
capital of an ancient empire, now’ of a great
republic; or an early peace, the assailants
were resolved to win. Not an American —and
we were less than a third of the enemy’s num
bers —had a doubt as to the result.
The fortified church or convent, hotly press
ed by Twiggs, had already held out about an
hour, when \V r orth and Pillow —the latter hav
ing with him only Cadwalader’s brigade—be
gan to manoeuvre closely upon the tete de pont,
with the convent at half gun shot, to their left.
Garland’s brigade, ( Worth’s division,) to which
had been added the light battalion under Lieut.
Col. Smith, continued to advance in front, and
under the lire of a long line of infantry, off on
the left of the bridge ; and Clarke, of the same I
division, directed his brigade along the road or
close by its side. Two of Pillow’s and Cad
walader’s regiments, the 11th and 14th, sup
ported and participated in this direct move
ment; the other (the voltiguers) was left in re
serve. Most of these corps particularly
lark’s brigade—advancing perpendicularly. <
were made to suffer much by the lire of the
tete de pout, and they would have suffered great
ly more by Hank attacks from the convent, but
for the pressure of Twiggs on the other side of
that work.
This well combined and daring movement at
length reached the principal point of attack,
and the formidable tele de punt was at once as
saulted and carried by the bayonet. Its deep
wet ditch was first gallantly crossed by the Bth
nd stl» infantry, commanded, respectively, by
Major Waite and Lieut.-Col. Scott—followed
i closely by the <>th infantry (same brigade) which
i had been so much exposed in the road —the
I Uth regiment, under Lieutenant Golonel Gra
i i.am, and the 1 Ith, commanded by Col. Proiis
! dale, noth of Cadwalader’s brigade, Pillow’s
1 division. About the same time, the enemy, in
front of Garland, after a hot conflict of an hour
and a half, gave way, in a retreat towards the
capital.
The immediate results of this third signal
triumph of the day were: 3 field-pieces,
prisoners much ammunition and two colors,
taken in the ttte de punt.
Lieut. J. F. Irons, Ist artillery, aid-de-camp
to Brig.-General Cadwalader, a young officer
of great merit and conspicuous in battle on
several previous occasions, received, in front of
the work, a mortal wound. (Since dead.)
As the concurrent attack upon the convent
favored, physically and morally, the assault up
on the tete de pout, so reciprocally, no doubt,
the fall of the latter contributed to the capture
of the former. The two works were only some
450 yards apart, and as soon as we were in pos
session of the tete de pont, a captured 4-pound
er was turned and fired —first by Capt. Larkin
Smith, and next by Lieut. Snelling, both of the
1 eighth infantry —several times upon the con- ;
vent. In the same brief interval, Lieut.-Col.
Duncan, (also of Worth’s division,) gallantly j
brought two of his guns to bear, at a short
range, frem the San Antonio road, upon the .
principal face of the work, and on the tower of
the church, which, in the obstinate contest, had
been often refilled with some of the best sharp- '■
shooters of the enemy.
Finally, twenty minutes after the tete de pont
had been carried by Worth and Pillow, and at
the end of a desperate conflict of two hours and
a half, the church, or convent—the citadel of
the strong line of defence along the rivulet of
LUIZ . ii'.iip, ....vz ... - O
Churubusco—yielded to Twiggs’ division, and
threw out, on all sides, signals of surrender.
The white flags, however, were not exhibited
until the moment when the 'M Infantry, under
(.'apt. Alexander, had cleared the way by fire
and bayonet, and had entered the work. Capl.
J. M. .Smith and Lieut. O. L- Shepherd, both
of that regiment, with their companies, had the
glory of leading the assault. The former re
ceived the surrender, and Capt. Alexander in
stantly hung out, from the balcony, the colors
of the gallant 3d. Major Ditnick, with apart
of the Ist artillery, serving as infantry, entered
nearly abreast with the leading troops.
Captain Taylor's field battery, attached to
Twiggs' division, opened its effective fire, at
an early moment, upon the out-works of the
convent and the tower of its churches. Ex
posed to the severest fire of the enemy, the
captain, his officers and men, won universal
admiration; but at length, much disabled, in
men and horses, the battery was, by superior
orders, withdrawn from the action thirty min
utes before the surrender of the convent.
Those corps, excepting Taylor’s battery, be
longing to the brigade of Brigadier-General
South, who closely directed the whole attack
in front, with his habitual coolness and ability ;
while Riley’s brigade—the 2d and ~lh infantry,
under Capt. T. Morris and Lieut. Col. I’lymp
ton. respectively—vigorously engaged the right
of the work and part of its rear. At the mo
ment, the rifles, belonging to Smith’s, were de
tached in support of" Brig.-Gen. Shields, on
our extreme left; and the 4th artillery, acting
as infantry, under .Major Gardner, belonging to
Riley's brigade, had been left in charge of the
camp, trophies, Ate., at Contreras. Twiggs’
division, at Churubusco, had thus been de
prived of the services of two of its most gallant
and effective regiments.
The immediate results of this victory were:
the capture of 7 field-pieces, some ammunition,
one color, three generals, and 1,261 prisoners,
including other officers.
Captains E. A. Capron and M. J. Burke,
and Lieut. S. Hoffman, all of the Ist artillery,
■ and Captain J. VV. Anderson and Lieut. Tho-
• mas Easley, both of the 2d infantry—five offi-
- cers of great merit —fell gallantly before tins
• work. ... .
r The capture of the enemy s citadel was the
- fourth great achievement of our arms in the
- same dav.
s It has’been stated that, some two hours and
a half before. Pierce's, followed closely by the
. volunteer brigade—both under the command
, of Brig Gen. shields—had been detached to
i our lento turn the enemy’s works; —to pre-
- vent the escape of the garrisons, and to oppose
! the extension of the enemy s numerous corp*.
from the rear, upon ami around our left.
Considering me inferior numbers of the»
.- brigades, toe objects of tne movement-* were
t difficult to accomplish. Hence the reinforce
r. menu, (the rifles, &x..) sent forward a little
• later.
r In a winding march of a mile around to the
I right, this temporary division found itself on
the edge of an open wet meadow, near the road
u* from San Antonio to the capital, and in the pre
, sence of some 4,000 of the enemy’s infantry, a
, little in rear of Churubusco, on that road. Es
r tablishing the right at a strong building Shields
i extended his left, parallel to the road, to out
flank the enemy towards the capital. But the
enemy extending his right, supported by 3,000
cavalry, more rapidly (being favored by better
ground) in the same direction, Shields concen
trated the division about a hamlet, and deter
mined to attack in front. The battle was long,
hot, and varied; but, ultimately, success crown
ed the zeal and gallantry of our troops, ably di
rected by their distinguished commander, Brig.
Gen. Shields. The 9th, 12th and 15th regi
ments, under Col. Ransom, Capt. Wood, and
Col. Morgan, respectively, of Pierce’s brigade,
(Pillow’s division,) and the New York and
South Carolina volunteers, under Colonel*
Burnett and Buller, respectively, of Shields’
own brigade, (Quitman’s division,) together
with the mountain howitzer battery now un
der Lieut. Reno, of the ordnance corps, all
shared in the glory of this action—our fifth
victory in the same day. * .
Brigadier General Pierce, from the hurt of
the evening before—under pain and exhaus
tion-fainted in the action. Several other
changes in command occurred on this field.
Thus Colonel Morganbcing severely wounded,
the command of the 15th infantry devolved on
Lieutenant Col. Howard; Colonel Burnett re
ceiving a like wound, the command of the New
York volunteers fell to Lieut. Colonel Baxter;
and, on the fall of the lamented Colonel P. M.
Butler—earlier badly wounded, but continuing
to lead nobly in the hottest part of the battle—
the command of the South Carolina volunteers
devolved —first, on Lieut. Col. Dickenson, who
bei. g severely wounded, (as before in the siege
of Vera Cruz,) the regiment ultimately fell
under the orders of Major Gladden.
Lieuts. David Adams and W. R. Williams of
the same corps; Capt. Augustus Quarles and
Lieut. J. B. Goodman of the 15th, and Lieut.
E. Chandler. New York volunteers—all gallant
officers, nobly fell in the same action.
Shields took3Boprisoners, including officers;
and it cannot be doubled that the rage of the
conflict between him and the enemy, just in
rear of the tete de pont and the convent, had
some influence on the surrender of vhose for
midable defences.
As soon as the tete de pont was carried, the
greater part of Worth’s and Pillow’s forces
passed that bridge in rapid pursuit of the fly
ing enemy. These distinguished generals,
coming up with Brigadier General Shields,
now also victorious, the three continued to
press upon the fugitives to within a mile and a
half of the capital. Here, Colonel Harney,
with a small part of his brigade of cavalry, ra
pidly passed to the front, and charged the ene
my up io the nearest gate.
The cavalry charge was headed by Captain
Kearney of the Ist dragoons, having in squad
ron, with his troop, that of Capt. Mcßeynolds
of the 3d—making the usual escort to general
headquarters; but being early in the day de
tached for general service, was now under Col.
Harney’s orders. The gallant captain not hear
ing the recall that had been sounded, dashed up
to the San Antonio gale, sabreing in his way
all who resisted. Os the seven officers of the
squadron, Kearney lost his left arm; Mcßey
nolds and Lieut. Lorimer Graham were both
severely wounded, and Lieut R- S. Ewell, who
succeeded to the command of the escort, had
two horses killed under him. Maj. t. D. Mills,
of the 15th Infantry, a volunteer in this charge,
was killed at the gate.
So terminated the series of events which 1
have but feebly presented. My thanks were
freely poured out on the different fields—to the
abilities and science of generals and other offi
cers—to the gallantry and prowess of all—the
rank and file included. But a reward infinitely
higher—the applause of a grateful country and
government —will, I cannot doubt, be accorded
in due time, to so much merit, of every sort,
displayed by this glorious army, which has
I now overcome all difficulties —distance, climate,
ground, fortifications, numbers.
It has in a single day, in many battles, as of
ten defeated 32,000 men; made about 3,000
prisoners, including eight generals (two of
them ex-presidents) and 205 other officers ; kill
ed or wounded 4000 of all ranks—besides entire
corps dispersed and dissolved; capturefl 37
pieces of ordance—more than trebling our
siege-train and field batteries—with a large num
ber of small arms, a fulj supply of ammunition
of every kind, &.c ,
These great results have overwhelmed t/ic
enemy.
Our loss amounts to 1,053; killed. 139, in
cluding 16 officers; wounded 876, with6o offi
cers. The greater number of the dead and dis
abled were of the highest worth. Those under
treatment, thanks to our very able medical offi
cers, are generally doing well.
1 regret having been obliged, on the 20th, to
leave Maj. Gen. Quitman, an able commander
with a part ofhis division —the fine 2d Pennsyl
vania volunteers and the veteran detachment of
United States marines—at our important de
pot. San Augustin. It was there that I had
placed our sick and wounded ; the siege, sup
ply and baggage trains. If these had been
lost, the army would have been driven al
most to despair; and considering the ene
my’s very great excess of numbers, and the
many approaches to the depot, it might well
have become, emphatically, the post of honor.
After so many victories we might, with but
little additional loss, have occupied the capital
the same evening. But Mr. Trist, commission
er, &.C., a« well as myself, had been admonished
by the best friends of peace —intelligent neu
trals and some American residents—against
precipitation; lest, by wantonly driving awny
trie government and others—dishonored—we
might scatter the elements of peace, excite a
spirit of national desperation, and thus indefi
nitely postpone the hope of accommodation.
Deeply impressed with this danger, and xe_-
member)ng our mission—to conquera peace—
the army very cheerfully sacrificed to patriotism
—to the great wish and want of our country —
the eclat that would have followed an entrance
—sword in hand—into a great capital. Willing
to leave something to thia republic, of no imme
diate value to us, ou which to rest her pride,
and to recover temper, 1 hefted our victorious
corps at the gates of the .city . fat least for a
time) and havethem now cantoned fnth.e neigh
boring villages, where they are well nhplWMf
and supplied with all necessaries.
On the morning of the 21st, being about to
lake up battering or assaulting positions, to
authorize tne to summon the city to surrender,
or to sign an armistice with a pledge to enter at
once into negotiations for a peace —a mission
came out to propose a truce. Rejecting its
terms I despatched my contemplated note to
President Santa Anna—omitting the summops.
The 22(1 commissioners were appointed by the
commanders of the two armies, the armistice
was signed tlie 23d and ratifications exchanged
the 24th.
All matters in dispute between the two go
vernments have been thus happily turned over
to their plenipotentiaries, who have now had
several conferences, and with I think, some
hope of signing a treaty of peace.
There will be transmitted Jo the Adjutant
General reports from divisions,.brigades,
on die foregoing operations, to which I must
refer, with my hearty concurrence in the just
applause bestowed on corps and individuals by
their respective commanders. I have been able
—this report being necessarily a summary—to
bring out, comparatively, but little of individual
merit not lying directly in the w ay of the narra
tive. Thus, 1 doubt whether I have in express
terms, given my approbation and applause to
the commanders of divisions and independent
brigades; but left their fame upon higher
grounds—the simple record of their great deeds
and the brilliant results.
To the staff, both general and personal, at
tached to general headquarters, I was again
under high obligations for services on the field,
as well as in the bureaux. 1 add their names, &,c.;
Lieut. Col. Hitchcock, acting inspector general;
Maj. J. L. Smith, Capt. R. E. Lee, (as distin
guished for felicitous execution as for science
and daring) Capt. Mason, Lieuts. Stevens,
Beauregard and Tower —all of the engineers ;
Maj. Turnbull, CapL McClellan and Lieut.
Hardcastle, topographical engineers: Capt.
Huger and Lieut. Hagnerof the ordnance de
partment; Capts. Irwin and Wayne of the
quartermaster’s department; Capt. Grayson,
of the commissariat; Surgeon General Lawson,
in his paiticular department; Capt. 11. L.
Scott, acting assistant adjutant general, Lieut.
Williams, aid-de-camp, and Lieut. Lay, milita
ry secretary. Lieut. Schuyler Hamilton, ano
’ ther aid-de-camp, had, a week before, been
thrown out of activity by a severe wound re
ceived in a successful charge of cavalry against
1 cava ry, and lour times his numbers; but on
j the 20th, I had the valuable service*, as volun
■ tetr aids, of Majors Kirby and Van Bnren. of
• the pay department, always eager for activity
J and distinction ; and of a third, the gallant Maj.
J. I*. Gaines, of the Kentucky volunteers. I
(have the honor to be, sir, with high respect, your
most obedient servant, Winbibld Scott.
.] Hon. Wm. L. Marcy, Secretary of War.
’• Report of Brevet Major-General Worth.
Heapqiartkks Fii.st Diviuoff.
Tacubafa, August 23,
» Sir: In obedience to the isetruftivM «f
. the Generai-in-chi*r, l bavo heixr 15 report
. that the first division took position the J sth
u instant on the causoway to ban Anto
nio, distant fifteen hundred yaa*» from its well-