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"ntt PNIOM 6» THg'tjTATEtl, AinTTHp BftVglTtnnftT or ra^OTAfaS! OOLUMRU8. GEORGIA, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY If, 183*. fcCJLUMBUS OY VA|« NE8S, BET HUN E * LEWIS. EoURTfl VOLUME—NUMpEB » the EsrciiriHER IS PUBLISHED WEEKLY, A ’tJhrte dollar* per annum, payable in ad-' . vaaca; or four dollar,, if not piid lor bedue yin end of the year,. . AoVKRTtiltfcnKTii will'be iniertetl at the rates of teoentyfleecent* per hundred Words for the flrst insertion, " and jrfly cento for each Week’s continuance, in all advertisements, the words that do not amount to an even bandied, will be considered 0» an handled, and charged no each. When tho number of insertions of an sdvertieo notopeoilled, it will -be. continued until toroid, a 1*1 charged accordingly. Sheriffs’ n»d other Officers' advertisements is- sorted at customary rates. LcTTtHi to the Editors on business mnst be goot-paid; and in all cases where it is not dono, Rio postage will be charged to the writer. “ \LE8 OS-LAND, f SALES OP LAND, by Adiqinistrators, Exe cutors or Guardians, are required by law to In- hold on tho first Tuesday in the month, between .the hours often in tho forenoon and three in die afternoon, at tho- court-hooso in the ootraty in which the property is situate. Notice of these «ro to be given in a public gazette SIXTY DAY8 proWntis to the day of ante. ‘ “ NEGROES mnst be at public 'BALES Of auction, on the first Tuesday of the memii, be tween the usual hours of sale, nl the place of public sales in tliu county where the Letters Tcs- tnmantary, of Adiliiuistration or Guardianship, may have boton granted, first giving SIXTY DAYS.' notice thereof, in one of the pnblic gu- aottes of this stale, and at tho door of the' court- hooso where such sales nro to he held. Notice fir the sale of Personal Properly muirt Bo givsa in lilto manner for FORTY DAYS previous to the day of aide.. Notice to the debiors and. cl editors of an Estate must be published FORTY DAY . Nylico that application will be made to tlie Court of Ordinary lor LEAVE TO SELL LAND, must be published FOUR MONTHS. T»o5;;ofor LEAVE TO SELL. NEGROES must Be pnbluhfd for FOUR MONTHS, lo- l\ya any order absolute shall h - made theieou by .foe Court. ' . .. L. C. ALLEN ' i SaS HZCZIVED gElt »Tt.AM«0*T. *ALTIM*,U, Cogulac SHANDY; ' Jamaica and American Jtl/A -Holland add A meriruit Ollf, ■ Mndeim. 5 T^riflb. Y Mel.silles, Sweet, | Loaf and Brow* Sl/OAS, Prime COFtEE. TOBACCO. ' A large assortment of JOINERS' TOOLS, BLUE FLAWS. Which he offers for sale on hia uaoal low terms. De* 10—30—tf JUST RECEIVED By dteomhoat Georgian, a gcnornl assortment of JAPAN WARS, Coppor and trine K- tllcs, Pewler Bnstns and Plater-; Blieet Copper, Do. Lead, Do. Zinc, •- ... , _ Do. Russia Iron, Do. Brass, , ' Heap Iron. - - ■ ' . ItSO ON HANfi. a OE.'-i R:>r, ASSontMCBT of Trv WARE. All of w hlch will te sold at" the lowest prices, wholesale and retail. - . •» tTF Cash paid for ohl Pewter. •• HARVEY HALL. Columbus. Dec. 17—3j—tf . POWER# & NAPEW WARE-HOUSE. AND COMMISSION BUSINESS# V8XHE under signed hapii,;.- taken the now ■ Ware-House Dear tho Wharf for tit* pre sent season, lenders his services to ilisitiuod. and thepublio in tho above business. lie will be prepared to extend the usual facili- 'ti's lohis custoincrs^iud Impt's by giv.tng.his per- 80nSlnCi'!ttiva,tb share a part of tho puTilip p.:l- VVW. If. KIMBROUGH tttuagn. Columbus, Sept. 24—Ik 4 —H" Kl.UBROLG TUB “ WARE-HOU8E AND Commission Business W ILL be continued by tho subscribers un der the firm of S. K. llodgcs Jc Co. who. while they feol grateful for farmer favors will en- .vicavour to deserve a cominusnce of them, SEABORN JONES, SAMUEL K. HODGES. Qs OuxsiaauuaT— And tcill be sold on aecommo- " ituting term* : 400 bills. Sugar, I‘jl) sacks Colitto, 1,000 bushels SiiU, 14 qunrlor casks Wiue, 0,000 lbs. Chslingr, - dgi.OOO lbs. Bacon. 4 boxes White SavntWl Sugar.*, 6 dozen pairs Boots; 0 boxes Sals, vurious qtpKtioe, 10 hbla. Salts, M10 pieces Bugging, hr - „olo Rope, Iron, Steel, Nails’, Shoes, Pumps. &c. und-So Upper and»Soal Lestlmr, Syrup, Sweetmeats, Arc. September J7—I ti—'h JLJL uu?articles: lsjhdon Duff UlanketH, Bristol do . Superfine atitl .Common. white, and iod Flannels, Snitrael*. Cumblels, lliilics’ marinri-HOne, Stall rotten do gentlemen’* merino'.and lambs Wool Half Ilosis, Mim.os and children’s do ■, .. Superfine bonnet Ribbons, talTeta do .Viol of Gnusr iunonc which ure choice Rifles, ami Percussion Fowling pieces. * Columbus, I).oo>- 3—tiil- tmiTti&3roitGi5 4 \l\'} rijcoivirr^ hy jihe #t?atner Georgian. Uic fullowi/ig articles, vizj . kntfg cut NailH, aimortod aiatonj., rniui. MOlassoa, •'ftrtr'i'RtP artUd« v 20 k«g* C3#«ken Butter, io lb. IvRgs. for fiimi- ly use, - 20 kc/'8 Hichmond Vobnvco l osrorlej quiilvtto, 4 btils. LhifM'#»d OU, 30 bbl«». befit Western Whi*kcy, ,8 ton#» vSw^os trqn> Slient Bud boo|i lion, , - Bletd- r.D^lisli Li I i stored y|o StHel for'eafrin^e Springs, 6 lihds. 8t. Cidix -Sugar, Nail Kudaibr liorw slron uaitn. —ALSO— On hand. Sugar, Coffee. Powder and Shot, Load, Salt. Cigars. Trace Chains, Ten, Loaf Sugar. Mackerel, and vnriooaoilier urticles too tedious to mention, making their assortment very gqod, which they will <w!l on reasonable terms. Jan. 21-*-36-—tf N0 oonssmAttml Earthen- Ware, Glass, China AND IrOOKIWG-OLABttBB. if..., r MR. brie of die largest »ml most improved Pot teries in England, hre enabled to offkr one'of the meet extensive atocks Jn market, conaistiag of every variety £arttw Hlsre,. China, ahui and Looking-Glatteo, either repacked to order, orlh the origiua package at utuwitmrmff low rrtleo for ctnh or city acceptance*. The very liberal <Up- Sotttherd port bitheito received from onr Wat and 'esteru friends under the .most tryiag circnrn- mest thank,. t\’e have stance,, calls for oar warmest survived thosfljl In the Struggle with a body of man, who bare combiner! all their efforts to ef fect our dealt notion, simply because we will not join them in combining to compel the country merchants to pay ah exorbitant profit on hia pur chases in ihi* lino. We can only reiterate former assurances of using every exertion 4o promote the interest of our mercantile- friends in the ex tent mu/ variety of our sfeck, the lowne** of, onr pri ces, and the ikllfaltd cart of our packer*, depend liu> upon a ’freu-trudo as the only system which - —•- — ran give stability to tho mutual interest of city and country merohonis.. - - ' THOMAS J. BARROW Sc. Co. . , 88 Water-ttnet, Neu-Vork, Jan lfl-37—3t OROCEEIgS. ftfl It *•’, ^iilwnriliprM hnvo p**nr.ivAd nor atAiimnr T HK iubsorilters have received per steumor Baltimore, UnJ plfcr for suio on reusonubls 'terras. Sugar and Coffee, Western Whiskey, Rum and Wine, ' Liverpool Ground Salt; Pickled Pork, Mackerel, Vinegar, Mulossna, “ tr. Ti ' IV—torn Flour, fresh and a superior trrtiele, Cnstirtga and Hollow Ware, Young Hyson Ten, ~ ir. Spice, Ginger, Peppei Starch, Indigo, Rice, now quo fresh, Figs, Raisins, Crackers, C'o.liii* Sc Co's. Axes, Tobtidee add Segafs, , Together with agenetel c^s'otsniehl.of Tm, Ja panned ondCopper Warn. TA1 I'ARVEU BULTUFr Cofuinhos, Jtm. 88—fly—if cottojt Wanted. Tint NUHriCaiQKIU WISH TO FUKCUAUIi lOOO BAG# CllTTOX, which thoy^vviil pay die highest dpsh COLUMBUS HAT STORE. will continue to receive the present season Goods by Savannah and Apalachicola Bay, wltidi Will enahlo them to koep up a general and com plete assortment of * M M M NOURSE A CLARK H AVE removed to the new brick _liqildln| next" south of Smith at Me '* *" THU soHBCiuaeim havk taksn rnn WARE-HOUSE irgao’s Store, wlkjrc they offer for sale a general assortment of HATS, <lftbnir.own manufacture, on the iqost accom modating terms —AMOgo wnitK -iiik— Whitt, Drab and Black Beaotr, Otter, and Fiat lloram and Wtlol Hal*. N. & C. will be constantly receiving fresh supplies of lints from the factory, and ol the lu teal foshiphs Al.sq roll SAI.B, 75 Gatilk;men’s lirft'N and Fro> R COATS, do “ PANTALOONS, do « VESTSt • JJffJSW MAT Of the Sldtc, of Georgia. May 13—58—tf - IELONGING to M(,s»rs. Fontaine A Cook, prleo that any foreign market authorizes SMITH & MORGAN, , M. W. PERRY. Cnlumbui, Oct. 25—34—If L.J. DAVIES & Co. H AVE been receiving the last week, and STAPLE AND FANCY DRYGOODS, —AMONG WHICH ARE— Ruse, London Duffle and Point Blankets Sultinets of differeat colors aud qualities Rad, white and green Fianqels White Canton Flannel ' . Mixt Kersey anil blue Plains Qros de Swiss and Gros tie Nap Silks of various culore Black Italian Lustring and Similiaw Silks Rich Plaid Silks Butins of various colore Florence do do ■ * ■ Italian Crapes do do Canton Gamble! and Ponuecs Black and green worsted Borrtigii Plain and figured Swiss Muslins !)o do Jnckonet Furnitura and Cambric Dimity Corded Skirts Ladies' Corsets ami *Hk and chiton I^rcloga Thread, bolibinet and iimslin EUgings Shoe Store, E WELL# Si Co- AVE removed to the Brick Building »v r. removen 10 me Urtck HmldinF hoxt door a^»ve Wm. D: HurgroyeV, in Brodtl Met, where they effor for smlo, on rousoMtbie terms, BOOTS AND SHOES of ,very description, of tliuir own manufacture, ednststing of 800 part, gentlemen's Boots 300 do. calfskin Shoes, highnnd low qaartor, 100 do. calfskin Pumps, 75 do. buckskin Shoos, fit) do. sealskin Pumps, 200 da. Brogaut. 300 do. mums Shoes, Ladios’ pruycllu Boots mid Shoes of various pruneU kind*, Morocco Shoes, Henlskiu do. Calfskin do. Istuthor wslkipglio as apd Boots, Missq'suud children s Bools nod Shoes, ofovery description. N. K All work of-tltdirowd manufueturc warranted not to tip. July 2—7.—tf , POWERS 6t NAFEW Have Wilirir. a ffAv days received and 'Opened, an additional supply of deasonableDry Hoods Hardf-tcarc, Cutlery, ' ASP M’liJoh rqtuleta thpir stock very cumploto. T HEIR assui’imciil emuprisc, nearly'nil urti clos Wliieli nre'usuully wanted in tiielr' line, anil limy offer llirini Ardnodenito prices. They rospeolfidly solicit a anniinuuueo of pu- truangq from thjjr tiionds and ihc public. GENERAL AGENCY AND * COMMISSION BUSINESS, Cwmbtis, (fcorgia. subscribers tender their services for the truusaclijnof the abort busiucss, under rite firm of TA&SfiR # SQtmUB, aud am eoJuteady t.i receive Mtrdioadisi nrui Produce fcraale, on consigKmetit. Tin y are al so how making ar anpetni. ms fer the creeiiud of a- largo and sxtenrivO Ware-House forthe recup- tioiiof Cotton,eutly next Fall. They art pr> oared l • I'.ko fjberaly.dvauc.es op all Merctncdize and f’l ’dueo consigned tojhotn, unit will devote their whole attention to tlie inter- oetuf those who fovor thorn with their patrqnugo. BENJAMIN P. TARVER, , HAUVEV fl. SarlltE RfeFERF.NCF.S. Mean. Jamas Hamilton <fc Hon. New York. “ Gao. P. St Writ. G. liowosi, N. Orleans.’ * 4 Brooks, Lsthrop A Co. Appalachicoin. Edward J. Hardin, JVq. do. George VV Diilicphnin. Esi| Columbus, Ga. Hiram Nourse, Ksq. do. BOLTING CLOTHS, O F the first, soconil and third qafilitius, for •tale by STEWART* FONTAJN. May 14-fig—tf GROCERIES, ftor Cotton, Pipe. Staves, Hides or approved papert CHARLES e7NORTON, Mt'fllKl'i Uilfjilinnt* Uh/t Plnnlitva vi«il sir; hayne’s speech. tcusTiailZb.) Thvead and Imbbmut Footings tu -ace Tt ani ] will receive Colton in sturo at the usa nl rates, upon which liberal advances will b 1 ' ntade. We solicit nsluiri? of public putronngq, J. FONTAINE. SMITH St MOUGAN, M. W PERRY. Colnmbus, Oct. 31—V4s-tf ^ _____ NEW GOODS, Li Cs ALLEN ms nEceivcD and is nr.cEtviNit, ms FALL AND WINTER GOODS, W HICH lie will soli on accommodating term*. Ili* stock is comprised Jit purl of tlio following a,tides, viz-; London Duffll, Rose and Point Blankets, Super blue, black, brown and olive Glottis, Black Lasting, Boavcrteens, Funcv C<ird, Red and white Flannels Canton F lannioS, Red, while and figured Valencia Shawls, Bombazcttes and Bombazines, Merino Circaasians of various colors, Cashmere Handkerchiefs, _ Bandanna. Ilugg, Pongee and plaid bdk Hdkft. Super Italian Cravats, various colors, Colored Crape Cauiblot, Cotton and Unen Dt-.-inj, Ladies’ silk, cotton, and worsted Hose, Gentlemen’s do. do. and half do. Ladies’ and gentlemen’s Ulovesnf vanous kinds,■ Cambric Swiss, iaroncl and Iwek Muslins, Cash! Cash!!! If ypu want any of the. above ' article, take a Ticket in the milledgea t ille ; STPsEST LOTTE RY, ivmc.p. has a SPLSrjDID SCHS9IE, seen as Tim rot.uiwiSQ: j PNi’ZE OK $25,000 I -7; W .Bnsidcs many large and smull prizes, too nutno l-lura and figured Roblnnet I. . iiaco Capes, Capa and Crazy Juntl Illinois lace audcunibrlo Capa Bloodo Earn and Feutfing I’inli cambric Print* Blark and- w bite do do Black lace Veils French MuilmSwnd Calicoes Plain and striped Ginghams ’ IMi ’ an*, n large and extensive assortment ,«r Groceries, which added tii his former supply from New York, makes hi* assortment its com plete, if not superior, to any he has ever offered to ike pnblic ' Ilia establishment will he supplied as oAun as oned a 10011111, that his chttomrir* may be sure at fitly lime of finding 11 good as, mtinent Mora hints and Planters will find it tOtheirttd- nuitnge to giie him u call, as it is his inteiitiop'to sell ip. moderate prices, lor Cush, Colton, Pipe StiiVe*, Vide* Or approved Paper. Apalachicola, Ore. fiO.-ibltt—34—Irtf Black, white mill red Merino Slrawls Thibet wool Shawls Silk and g gauze Shawls and Handkerchief . Silk, flngg imd handanus do. I Ladies’ linen and linen cambric do. Do do db bordered do ltish Linen* and Table Dumasit Silk, cotton and «t>M Hosiery Gentlemen’s WnodHRk and heaver Gloves laplins’ ktd and horseskin Glove* anil Mitts Gentlemen’s woollen Gtovea and Miltjo* Colored Cumbtio* Black and white Hooks 3t Eyes Pins and Noodles pool Tliroaffand Linen Flow , rousto particolaiiue. [ The first-day's drawing will take place on the 1st February, 1832. I Wholes # 10, halves $5, quarter* $3 50, to bo j lad in a great variety of nninber* aftlie Columbus Book store, Orders from tho country enclosing 1 the earli, postage paid, will meet with prompt at- i motion. K. S. NORTON, , Agent for the Manager*. ] Colombo*. Jon. 14—-35—if . Cambric. Swiss, jnconcl Super hleache'd and brown Linens, Brown and bleached BhiHing* and Sheeting*, Domestic Plaids. Bed Ticking. Ru*»'» Sheeting, Printed Bed-spread*. Counterpane*, Italian Gron do Naples. Bfqslin Robes. Sarcnot and Dodiirte Silki, Silk and Cotton Umbrellas, Ste. Ltudietg gentlomen** Mid children • SHDej** A variety of yoatli’* and children’* HATS&CAP8. HARDWARE Sl cutlery, erotfcerg «ntr (Sla»»=tDnvr. ALSO, One case superior SHOT GUN8* NpvlO-«r< NEW GOODS. WILLIAM JONES'A €• j-| A YE ju*t received the following article*, __. to wit: . 3 tilid*. extra fine 8«. Croix Sagar, I litid. English Island Molasse*. ) pipe Cogniuc Brandy, Henncssy s brand, 10 hid*. Cnnal Flour, * 3 irarks imitntiou English Cheese, li firkins prime Goshen Buttor. 50 hbls. Mackerel, No. 1,9 4 3, 10 boxes Spermaceti Candies, White Morsaile* and printed Counterpanes sfc’ JNFOItMH Meioliants and Planters viiiiioff Apaiacliieola, that he has just received from Now Oil' i ON CQNSiaNMBNT, SV ',1,1s. canal Hour, fresh, Jr ti do. Afunongahela Whiskey, fuarth proof, old and superior, 10,oho llavaniiuli Separs, 15 dozen choice Claret Wind, fi Boxes Ruining, 1 dozen Ploughs, for sale low by TARVER St SGUIRE. Cblominis, Jan. 28—37 Fresh llysen Ten, r Black 1~ Heavy Black Pepper, M boxes WinSsw Glass, 8 by 10. ‘jaw?j»asu. Inn ' J»—Sh—* 4 * 3-4 and 4-4 Furniture Print* Dimity and furniture Binding BleacheiTand unbleached Sheeting and Shirtings Apron Check* Dorchester Ticking-. ■ Ladies’ Bead Bugs and Puise* Fine gilt Cloth mid Crumb Bruslics Gentlemen'* sea ottar and Icathor Caps Cloth and chinchiHn Caps HI. 10k and drab beaver and roram’lfute Willow Wagons and Table Mar 4. Millinary and Fancy Goods Of all dencriptions. A ■I’LENDID AHpOllTRfcNT or JEWELRY&PERFUMERY And a large und complete assortment of 7TINM&R CLOTHIXTG. ALSO, BOOTS & SHOES. 101) pair sewed and nailed Wellington Boot* Jackson 8bootee* Ladies' Prunella and Leather Bootees " Blark and colored, heeled Pomps <• Walking Shoe* “ White satin Pomps Misses and childrMi's Shoes nod Bootees of every dcicnption 500 pair Negro Shoe*, a good artiele. ' ALSO, A good assortment of THE MUBttCDIBERB R ESPECTFULLY inform their friend* and the public generally, Unit they uru receiving and opening nt their old atrtnd 313, KIXG STREET, CCOarlcutoit, A.«. A L*noz AMO iri.itnin assorthkst or HARDWARE, CUTLERY AND PAXTCT goods: To which the attention of Country Morehnnt* vi siting tho city for supplies is invited. < 8 SMITH, HAURI8 * Co. Charleston' Oot. 24—24—4m T HE public is lerpectfully inforimUtfiatby a vote of tlie commissioners the snliscriber |,a* been appointed an Aucliouoor for the town of Columbus. ■ . lie also informs In* friend* and the public that liaviog some knowledge of the business, he feels lorifidenl of giving soiisfnQiion to Ml who may favor him with their business. Any person requiring g a line to the Columl frifin the Columbus Bank, Bioad-street, wjlfmeet his services, by address- is book-store, two doors with prompt ullenlion 1 1 E. S. NORTON, Auctioneer. January 7—34 ZVSURAJVOS. T he Aagusu Insurance and Banking Com pany will mrare produce and mareboadiM again*! the dengera of RWr ^ w or Navigation on good steamboat* and other rivet ciaA, and npon good veacets from Apalaehioola to New Orleans or tho Atlantic eitioa. They will also take lira risks upon buildings, merebandias and produce. GEO. W. DILUNGHAM, Agent. Noolu-aM* IN SENATE. Monday. Jan. 16,1839. REDUCTION OF DUTIESt I shall at* proceed Mr. President, lo examine the character fit ike protecting ayslsni. And here, | shall ittiume, that Ihe protection it egteml* to the Anterieee meaufhetuett is something substantial, and kflbrds songs advantage,L« it more or lees, to the protected interests. I shall tahe.it A>r grentem tliut it is.intended to eufible ■he Aroettfidn. tnaunfartureri to eniet into llmt succeseful competition with the for* eign, whiclztltey could not do erhheut such protections t{htd the effort of the syatem to io enable the American manufacturer to obtikin more for his goods than he could Otherwise command. In a ward* that it ttlTonde substantial protection, and is not lifcei that extended to cotton—11 mere mime, for, on this latter point, lot it. be remembered, that Ihe first cotton produced in this country found it market abroad; and that even now, nearly the whole of it it disposed af in Europe, whoro it ratriu- tninx a succeseful caaipeiiilon ngiiitnt hH (he world. It is idle, therefore, to talk of the benefit of.a protectiog'duty to rat ion at home. It it beyond ull dispute, Sir, tltpt, if any duty be ntetnarp tr/ pre lection, it can only be, because it enublca ■he .nmnufaciurer to soli Ids goods for more than he could otherwise obtain for thorn. Now, io this view of the subject, lei US see how'itie question wili stand.— How must such a system uperate. first, on (he (Irfowent interests, and secondly, on the differout seuione of the country! We will assume, that a poriiculnr niauufucturn cannot be produced id the country, within fifty per cent, as cheaply at.home, us the same article could be obtained from abroad; nod dial a duty which, With charge*, should be equal to about fifty per-cent, tuurpblolotely necessary to introduce and to suttaia it. Sucli n ikuy must operate u» a tax on every other class in ^he com munity, for the bonefit of the manufactu* rerj and Supposing it 10 be imposed, not for revenue, hut protection, would- bo a double tax. Suppose Ihe value of the im ported article <0 be n million- of dollais, the duly would be half a million ; and if the protection nmoun.’od to an equal sum, here would be a tux nf a million of dollars imposed upon iho wlnde people, to secure u bounty of hall a million to one portion of them. Rut it is said the bounty is not confined ..to the manufacturers—that oth er classes participate. 1 admit that thorp it a circle embraced within Ihe range of the manufacturing influence, that partake of tbh benefits ot Iho system. Farmers, in the neighbourhood, who supply the oper atives with food—mechanics, who con strue! tlte buildings and machinery—cler gymen, physicians, lawyers, and others, who make up a manufacturing village, all come iu for a share of the gains, and con stitute, in iket, the protected clan, which enioy the benefit*, of lire system.; but-aM other classes in the commbmty must oh Vi* ously bo laid wider Contribution, to make that a profitable, which would otherwise be an unprofitable pursuit; and, in the case assumed, would -be tnxod to the a- uiouut of one million ef dollars, to secure to the favored class a bounty of half, n million. Now sucrose, Sir, such a sys- loqi us this to bo extended to til the cot tons, woollens, iron uud augur, made In a- ny country, and we will lake tlint country' to be (lie United Stales. ,W« Will sup pose, further, that cottons could not be profitably manufactured without, a protec ting duty of from twenty-five to an hun dred per cent.—woollens from forty-five to two hundred per cenl.-rifon from otto hundred, to two hundred per cent.— sugar from one hundred to ono hundred and fifty per ceqt.; and that ihese duties wore nccordiogly missed on Ihese sever al articles, (amounting in the whole tq the sum of nine millions of dollars annually :) that, in cotwequeuce of those duties,, the protection on fll the cottons manufactured in the country was equal to throe cents a yurd, und am'onnted to six millions of dol- Turs per annum—woollens to eight millions —iron to one million—and sugar a million und a half—pioducing, as the result of tho whole system, a mg of pine millions on the foreign article to secure a bounty .of six teen n.tffions nnd a half to the home man ufacturers. I have supposed protection to bo the exclusive object of this system, and it then clearly follows, that all other classes would bo tnxod twouty-five millions of dollars per ammnLln order to secure to the favored class a protection of sixteen millions. The Government would; In deed, receive its nine millions ; bet it would bo an aggravation of diet evils of the system, that this noioaHt should be levied token it weu not vanted.ia.order to socure tiie protected classes in their mo nopoly. The rates of duties which 1 have here ussumod, ora those now ac tually. imposed on the protected orti' cles; (nod which h is proposed to re tain as ooseutinl to protection,) sod the amount of the protection enjoyed by tlie manufacturers is stated at tlio very low est that has ever been estimated by any person who has undertaken to examine ihf subject. If yob auppoao half of the duly here staled to be necessary for rev* rmm this would not diminish ibe weight of the burden, though St would lesson »• ■hot efiiem the Iniuatico of the tax,-imd i gwmlemen mbka whm doducifoas thaw plMM, either from Mge duly imposed m •he bounty received; and it will make no ivr?. BCe . 1 T ha,ev " r tie prmiple*- Wnotherte be one million or twenty, just ae fnr ns the syitcmjfo protective in !• ch i racier, and imposes any tax upon tho foreign article, and affords any protection whatever to the domestic, is,the systom a tax imposed upon the other classes lo ran* der profitable tlte industry of lira manu facturers. And when this .mx amount*, •«s it itnquostionnbly does in (ho cam be fore us, m the very lowest estimate, id twenty or thirty millions a year, it be comes a scheme of monstrous injustice sod oppression. Now let ns trace this system one step.farther. Suppose such a system applied to a country of a homo geneous character, with tho same cnpaci* ty for manufacturing every where, end that manufacturing estphlishmenik should cob*' Mfoneutly be equally diffused through ova ry section. The.' benefits and the bar- tlions of dm system would, in such a esse, fall equally Upon every .portion pfHho court* !ry, ihougli not upon tho differeot inter ests of the $tale. It has been said that if tlie prAfits of manufactures were ra isedby. such a system, ebov*4he average, of the prefits of the whole rotpmunity, that the labor and capital absorbed in other pur suits would flow into tlie new employment? atid that.the. whole would uitimawly bo o- qualixed, Admit that in process orf tirod,' tips might bo tho rosuli; yet it could bo# lake place at once, beenuse men esnuos transfer at pleasure their labor arid capi tal Irom their accustomed pursuits to otn- arg. But if the profits should,be thus ultir mately equalled in n.pnriiculnr commuiii*- ty » jet if the favored pursuit was only rendered profitable by the protection ex- * tended to ii-rit is cicnr that the sclicmq would result fit an aggregate lot* to tkS tokofe. communi/yrrotfoal to the foil amount of the bouuiv. I have assumed the cose of an unprofitable pursuit being rendered profitable by the proteetiqg system—for, lo'auy other case the rysfpm is wholly in- " applicable. If tlio domestic manufactu rer Can make his goods os cheaply uud sup* ply the domestic market on as favorably terms as they could, be obtained from.a- bronil, iheso it i» clear that no protection whatever would be necessary, It may be thut in ihe very infancy of a manufacture, on its first introduction into a country, a small protection for u short time might hasten its advancement, but at must, tho. withholding of such protection could have no other effect than to delay its introduc tion for a few years—for the existence in any.country, of unemjiloyod capital, and individual sagacity und enterprise, suf ficient to diroet it prudently, would soon, lead to the introduction qf every branch oj nutntifaclip-et, for which such country was really prepared. But this stiige of infancy once passed, it is preposterous i io if Ik ol ilia necessity of protecting any article that cnii really be made as cheaply at horaa as it c«n be obtained from abroad-rand to as* son, tliat io reduce sueh proteetkm to twenty or thirty per cent.; would bo ruin ous (o any manufactu iodustry can only be profithMy employ and in exchanging their agricullaral pro ductions, for the very foreign article» which enter info competition with tie de- ntesfic manufacture*, ini which are heav ily taxed for lbe prdtectiop of the Isttar —thaUhe etttkt or such tsx is ool only to interrupt the Idtercourso and hnpsir tho profits of their industry, but that the agri cultural section is thereby cxjioted to tho imminent hazard of having the market for their;productions entirely cut off, and fi nally, to cap tho climax of this injustice, that lire taxes levied on the foreign arti cles, aro expended almost exclusively In the favored region, and you then hatrq* Mr. President, the whole case af th* south spread open before you. Their pur suits are altopeiber agricultural—they CSO- not change them—they canaot transfer their lubor aud capital to (hie favored re gion—they cannot find a market Tor their productions, except by tachbO|iog them for tlie very foreign manufactures which nro taxed almost to .prohibition, end the taxes thus raised ere expended m other suctions. Is there a man in this assembly who can Uy’his hand upon bis heart, and say (hex ins a just and equal system! It miy be sold, however, that all this Is merely the result of. oer peculiar coodi- tioo, aud the nature of our pursuits. It# not so, Sir. All wo osk, is to hi let • any manufacture, is to admit atoacO that such article canuol be profitably made at homo, and consequently ihst it can on ly bo sustained at tho expense of the other interests in the community. Now Sir, lot us Suppose another case, and it is uobsff- pily (lie very case which now exists ie that u. Slates. We will suppose an extensive Stale*, qountry agricultural, arid incapable of chssgiqg H* pursuits, and that the other portion em brace* within its limits, all the mnnufachl- res and manufacturing capacities of tho wlaile cotiniry. Th* bounty would ihoA be exclusively enjoyod by ond section, an* die other w6uld share only in the burthen* of the system. To Make the ioeqaallty stilj greater, it is Only necessary to sop- pose that tlie agricultural section is not on ly incapable of manufacturing fet homo, but is prevented by insuperable Obstacles,