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1 THK UNION OP THR STATES, AND TUB SoVEHBKiNTY OF THE 8TATES.'
BY VAN NESS, BETHUNE & CLINE.
COLUMBUS. GEORGIA, SATURDAY, JULY 21, 1832.
FIFTH VOLUME—NUMBER 10.
the enquirer
IS PUBLISHED WEEKLY,
A T three dollars per annum, payable in ad
vance: or four dollars if not paid Hit before
the end of the year.
Advertisements will be inserted at the rates
of seventy-five eenls per hnndred words for the
tint insertion, and fifty cents for each week’s
continaancc. In all advertisements, the words
that de not amount to an even handled, will be
considered as an hundred, and charged as such.
When the number of insertions of an advertise
ment is not specified, it will be continued until
fbrbid, and chnrged accordingly.
Sboritfs’ and other Officers' advertisements in-
ported at customary rates.
Lsttsrs to the Editors on business mast be
post-paid; and in all cases where it is not done,
the postage will be charged to the writer.
SALES OF LAND, by Administrators. Exe
cutors or Guardians, are required by law to be
held on the first Tuesday in the month, between
the hours of ton in the forenoon and ihree in the
afternoon, at the court-bouso in the county in
which the property is situate. Notice of these
arc to be given in a public gazette SIXTY DAYS
previous to the day of sale.
8ALE8 OF NEGROES must be at public
auction, on the first Tuesday of the tnoutli, be
tween the usual hours of Bale, at the plnce of
public sales in the county whore the Letters Tes
tamentary, of Administration or Guardianship,
may have been granted, first giving SIXTY
DAYS notice theroof, in one of the public ga
zettes of this slate, and at the door of tho court-
Iiouse where such sales are to be held'.
Notire for the sale of Personal Property must
be given in like manner for FORTY DAYS
previous to the day of sale.
Notice to the debtors and creditors of an Estate
must be published FORTY DAYS.
Notice that application will be made to the
Court of Ordinary for LEAVE TO SELL
LAND, must be published FOUR MONTHS.
Notice for LEAVE TO SELL NEGROES
must he published for FOUR MONTHS, be
fore any orddr absolnto shall be made thereon by
the Court.
NO COMBINATION!!
FUSS TRADE.
Earthen- Ware, Glass, China
and Looking-Glass.
THOMAS J. BARROW & Co.
Impoiters and wholes.de dealers, No. 88 Water
Street, New-York, offer for sale, a very
large and general assort*
ment of
Earthen- Ware, Glass, China and Look
ing Glares,
S ELECTED with the greatest care and com
prising every variety of pink, purple, brown,
black, blue edged, and C C. Ware, also, every
style of plain & gilt Looking Glasses, China and
Glass Ware, which will be disposed of as usual
at free and unshackled prices, low for cash or city
acceptances. The attention of Merchants gene
rally is invited to our Establishment and plan of
business, as calculated to benefit the interest of ull
dealing in the lino Particular attention will be
paid to all orders by Utter from our Soutfurn
fritndo, pledging ourselves to pay more than Unual
attention to thoir communications, by givingthem
the newest style of Goods, and putting them down
to the very lowest cash price.
T.J BARROW & Co.
88 IVutcr-Street, Ncio-York.
New York, July 4—9—3t
THE
WARE-HOUSE
AND j^ngggj^
Commission Business
W ILL be continued by the subscribers un-
derthefirmof 3. K Hodges & Co. who.
while they feel grateful lor former favors will en
deavour tu desj. vo a continuance of them.
SEABORN JONES,
SAMUEL K. HODGES.
Ob Consionmext—And will he sold on accommo
dating terms;
GROCERIES.
CM CM CM bbls. N. Orleans and Florida Sugar,
O W ‘20 hlids. do. do.
300 lacks Coffee,
250 sacks Liverpool ground and blown Salt,
250 “ ullum and homany do.
1,000 lbs Cartings pet.,evens, andirons, Occ.
12 qr. casks Lisbon Wine,
Porter in bottles; Cider m do.; Axes;
Ten; Loaf Sugar; White Havanna do.;
75 pieces Keutucky Bagging;
40 “ Inverness do.;
50 coils Bale Rope; Bagging Twine;
!5,000 lbs. Bacon; 40 kegs Lard;
40 bbls. Flour; 10 bbls. Salts;
100 bbla. N.O.and FloridaMolussosandSyrop
100 lihds. West India Molasses;
10 bbls. Pickled l’ork, mess and prime;
Mackerel, No. 2;
Ilardwaie, Cutlery, 2kc. •
50,000 Sugars, various qualities:
Trace Chains; Wrought Nails; Brads;
CO kegs Nails, 4d to 2 n d
DRY-GOODS.
40 pioccs Linen, various qualities;
9 “ Linen Drilling,
White and Red Flannel; Blau Plums;
Checks; Striped Domestlckx)
Silks; Sewing Silk; Spool Cotton;
Calicoes; Cotton and Wool Cards;
Musquiln Netting;
Writing and letter Paper;
llats; Leghorn Bonnets; Boots Sc Shoes.
FURNITURE.
1 Secretary and Book-Case;
2 Bureaus;
1 Ladies' Workstnnd;
1 Portable Desk.
Inly 10-9—tf
CIotfH hr
J. 8. SMITH & O.
NEXT 1)0011 TO THE COLUMBUS BANK, *
Have received a handsome assortment, of
SUMMER CLOTHING,
CONSISTING OF
Black Bombazino COATS and COATEES,
Do. Circassian do. do.
Brown and Green Merino Circassian do.
Cisinett Frock and Dress do.
Black lasting do. do. do.
ROUND JACKETS.
Black Bombazine itonnd Jackets,
Brown Linen and Cotton do.
Do.
Striped
do.
VESTS.
White and figured Marseilles Vests,
Do.
do.
Vulencia do.
Plain
do.
Silk' do.
Do.
do.
Velvet do.
Do.
do.
Hwnnsdowndo.
PANTALOONS.
Black Bombazine and Lasting Pantaloons,
Do.' Circassian do.
Brown and black Brochillns do.
White and brown Linen Drilling, do.
Do. Cotton du. ‘
Drab Marino Cusimere Pants,
Do. Roan do. do.
Cord and Russia Dock do.
Fustian do.
Linen Shirts with Ruffios,
White do.
Brown do
Linen and Cotton Draws,
Negro Clothing
All of which they offer for sale at low prices.
Coiambus, April 14—4 ft—tf
NEW SUPPLY.
GROCERIES
AT APALACHICOLA.
T HE subscriber has just received per schoon
ers Mary, Ilunnah and Elizabeth, and Eme
tine, from New Orleans, the following groceries:
20,000 lbs. Baroiv
50 barrels Pork.
60 do Whiskey,
15 hhds. prime New Orleans Sugar,
30 bbls. Rum,
150 casks Nails, (assorted,)
50 bbls. Floor,
100 coils bail Rope,
100 pioces Kentucky Bagging,
30 coils Manilla and tarred Rope.
6 pipes Cognac Brandy and Holland Gin,
50 bugs prime Havunnn Coffee,
25,000 best Ilavnnna Sugars.
The above, together with his stock on hand
is the best assortment ever offered in this market,
all of which will bo sold low for Cash or approved
paper. C. E NORTON.
Apalachicola, Mny 10—1—tf
COTTON.
S MITH Sc MORGAN will wish to purchase
early in the Fall,
1000 bales of Cotton,
in square packages anil Kontuckv bagging,weigh'
mg between four hundred and lour hundred nnd
lilty pounds, purposely for the New Orleans mar
ket, for which a liberal price will be given.
July 11—-9-tf
NSW FIRM.
General agency
WK. F. KAXONBi
H AS taken the store next door to Smith A
Morgan, second from L J. Davies & Co
comer of Broad and Randolph streets, where he
has just received (eight days from New Oileans)
a general assortment of
GROCERIES^
100 bbls 8Hear,
50 bagH Coffee,
300 sacks Salt,
100 pieces cotton Bagging,
50 coils Rope, '
50 bMs Whiskoy.
SO do. Northern Gin,
20 do. P. Rum,
50 do. Moliisses,
10 do. old Monongalmln WbisUoy,
1 pipe Cogniac Brandy,
1 do. Holland Gin.
30 bbls. Mackerel. No. 3,
10 do. do No. 1
20 do. superfine Flour
75 casks Nails,
12,000 lbs. Bacon,
Tonoiifto Wine,
Malaga do.
Muscat do.
Claret do.
Cordials. Leinon Syrup,
Raisins, Soan, loaf Sugar,
Rice. 9porm Garnik a. Tobacco,
With many other articles in his line, which will
be sold on accommodating teims.
Columbus, June 9—4—if
oswcoNrsic?rJi«Ei\rT,
AND FOR SALE BY
SHORTER, TARVER & (X
H pieces Circassians;
3 “ Superfine Bombazotts, assorted;
82 “ Fancy Prints, do.
68 “ Plaid nnd Striped Domestics;
3 “ Negro Cloth (woollen;)
7 “ Sattinett;
3 “ Fustiuns;
32 doz. blue, purple and red Plaid Hdkfs.
1 10 12 do. French Britnnnius do.
2 6-12 Britnnnins do.
24 Leathe.r Caps,
1 ps. 6-4 Table Diaper,
4 11-12 do/.. Pocket Books;
2 ps. sup. black Crape;
6 “ Swiss Book Muslin;
2 “ Tambour’d Book do.
7 ” “ Le.no do.
2 “ superfine Merino Cloth;
4 stipe; fine Gieen Table Covers; -
5 do. blue do.
3 ps. Velveteens;
19 Coverleis;
1 doz. Cambric Hdkfs.
2 “ black silk Gloves;
18-12 do. white do.
GROCERIES.
20 bbls. Prime Pork;
9 “ M-.ckerel No. 3;
4 “ do. No. 1;
1 pipe American Bimidy;
4 qr. casks Malaga Wine;
2 do. Teneriffe do.
1 Indian bbl. Muscat Wine;
10 bbls. New Orleans Rum;
5 “ Loaf Sugar;
9 kegs Tobacco;
6 boxes Champaigns;
20 “ Raisins;
6 baskets Sweet Oil;
20 boxes Cider;
8 “ Segars, first quality;
5 “ Sperm Candles;
12 " §mokod Herring,
10 bags Coffee.
All of whiclt articles will be sold by whole
sale and on Hccoinmndnting terms. Mer
chants from the country would do well lo
call and examine for themselves.
June 8—4—tf
O. W. DILLINGHAM,
HAS run SALE
BARRELS prime pickled Pork, put
1 " ” " up under inspection at Cincinnati,
20,000 lbs. Bacon.
60 bbls. Mackerel,
100 do New Orleans Molasses,
50 do Western Whifkey,
200 do Nuw Orleans, Sugar,
50 do low priced Sugar,
200 sacks Liverpool ground and Turk's lal
nut Salt,
150 bslts Brown’s celebrated Kentucky cot
ton Bagging,
100 sides upper Leather,
3.000 lie. sole Leather,
80 calls bale Hope,
6.000 lb*, blue gril Grindstones.
May 19-1
CREEK STAND.
T III8 establishment, eituuted in the Creek
Nation, ou the Stage Rond from Coluni
bus, Gu. to Montgomery, Ala. is now open for
fhu reception of Travellers, under the manuge
ment and direction of the Subscriber It is loca
ted iqui distunt fror*. the custom and western
border of the Nation, it being thirty-eight miles
from Columbus, and tho same distance fiom Line
Cfoek. the residence of Mr. Walter B. Lucas.
Kicellcnt and commodious buildings have been
erbeted by the Subscriber, entirely new, which
will always be kept in a Flute of neatness and
regularity for the comfort and convenience of
those who may be disposed to patronize him.
I|is Stnhies arc secure uml roomy and abundant-
lysupplied with corn and fodder. Me is assisted
in the management of liis House by Mr. and
COLUMBUS
HAT STORE.
JQ
NOURSE & CLARK
H A VIC received from the Factory by the late
arrivals,
Hats of the latest fashions,
—CONSISTING or—
Blade, TFSilc and Drab Rocky Moun
tain Beaver and Otter
HATS,
Of a very superior quality, making their assort
mout extensive and complete.
—ALSO—
CAPS,
Consisting of Seul. Leather, Chinchilla, CircaS'
sian and Children's fancy silk.
READY-MADE CLOTHING
O* Cadi paid for Hotting Fars.
Feb 17-40—If
jU and
COMMISSION BUSINESS,
Columbus # Georgia.
T HE subscribers respectfully acquaint their
friendp and tho public that they have form
ed a Connexion in the above business, under the
name and tylo of
SHORTER, TARVER & O
They have commodious and extensive arrange
ments tn progress for the reception and storugc of
produce, and will he prepared to make advances
on the same while in store or under cliipmeut to
Orleans or New York.
E. 8. SHORTER,
BENJ. P. TARVER.
Ma»-.i'!?—1 JAMES If. SHORTER.
~ oiTciJNSIGNMENT
AND FOyi BALE BY
Shorter, Tarver Bp Co.
55 bbla. NEWARK CIDER, CM quality.
Columbus, May 25—2—tf
EXTRACTS FROM THE
SPEECH OF JUDGE CLAY
TON,
on THK TARIFF SILL*
Wliun the first revenue bill ever passed
by the Federal Government was tinder
discussion, Marshall, in his life of Wash
ington, stun s that it produced wurm de
bate in .consequence of the very unequal
effect which the duties were likely to cro-
ate in the different sections of the Union.
Hu says, “in proceeding to fill up the
blanks with the sum taxablo on each arti
cle, it was soon perceived that gentlemen
hud viewed the subject in very diffen-n
lights. Tho tax on many articles was be
lieved to press nioro heavily on some
states than on others; and nppreheu-
stons were expressed, thut, in the form of
protecting duties, the industry o(one part
of the Union would be encouraged by
premiums charged on the labor of another
purl.” (2 Vol. n. ed. 157.
Now every one must perceive, that if
ihe Congress had the right to lay duties to
encourage manufactures, they certainly
knew it must produco an inequality in the
burthens ol the country, and they there
fore would express no apprehensions a
bout it, but, in attempting, on that occa
sion, to aid that object incidentally, as no
Mrs Reuben Lanier. It is the positive deter
nqnalion of tho Subscriber to be moderate in his I one has denied they have a right to do,
cliarges. nnd lo establish such rates as cannot fail
lo be satisfactory, anil lie flatters hiinselflYotn his
knowledge of the business, having been for sev
eral vears engaged in the Columbus Hotel, un
der Uio direction of Gen. N. Howard, and suhso
quently under that of Messrs. Pomroy & Mon
tague, that he will be ublo lo givo satisfaction to
dioso who call at his Honan.
July 2, 1932. SAMPSON LANIER.
DISSOLUTION.
T HE copartnership here!afore existing be
tween J. 1>. Roland and J. Doughty un
der the firm of John D. Roland &. Co. is this day
dissolved by mutual consent. Thoso indebt
ed will make payment to J. D. Roland who
is uuthorizod to Bottle Ihe same, also, thoso having
demands will present them to him for payment.
JOHN D. ROLAND,
J. DOUGHTY.
Diinngmy absence I have appointed J. Dough
ty my agent to settle the business of the lato
firm of John D. Roland A- Co.
JOHN D. ROLAND.
Franklin, July 14—9—3tf
LEGAL NOTICE
A LL persons are hereby cautioned against
truaing-for a certain promissory nolo of
hand payable".) John L. Park or bearer, for sixty
six dollars nnd a fraction, dated between the 24lh
and 29th of Aptil 1832, and signed by the sub
scribers. The consideration for which said note
was given having failod, tho makers will not pay
tho same unless compelled by law.
. „ WILBURN & ZACHARY.
Frunkhn. Heard Co. Ua.
June 29th, 1632. 9—3t
NOTICE.
T IIE subscriber has rented Marshal’s Mills
for tho present year. They linvo under
gone thorough repairs, and are now in good order
fur grinding nnd sawing. He bus also rented the
Ferry, and all persons goipg lo the mills, either
for meal or lumber, will pass free offtrringo.
W. D. LUCAS.
Jnn. Me-35—tf
Collins' Cast Steel AXES,
TEF.L HEADS,
male by
tV. DILLINGHAM.
WITH STEF.L HEADS,
For nalc b
Jim# 15-*5-»tf
POWERS & NAFEW
A RE now opening their assortment of Goods
for the Spring nnd Summer, consisting of
super bluo, black and brown Cloths, Linons,
Printed Muslins, Calicoes, Ginghams, Silks,
Fancy Shawls and Scarfs, Ribbons, Bead Bugs,
Gloves. Arc. Also, Erminetts, Yellow Nankeens.
Black Priacetta, French Linens and Drillings,
&c. for gentlemen’s wear. Black nnd Drab
Beaver Hats, superior quality.
Ready-made Clothing.
Columbus, March 8—43
NEW SIORE.
BIRD & BUCKHAM
H AVE commenced huRiness in thifc place,
and have taken ihe Store formerly occu
pied by Smith Si Morgan, and offer for sale a
splendid assortment of
Dry Goods, Groceries, Hard
ware, Cutlery, Castings,
Spc. Sfc. Sfc.
Among which are the following articles, viz:
DRY-GOODS.
10 bales 3-4 and 4-4 Plain and printed Dril-
brown and bleached lings;
Shirtings & Sheetings Rich fancy silk Hdkfs.
Checks; Plaids; Plain and fancy silk and
Bed-Ticking; cotton Hose;
5 cases superior 3-4 and Linen cambric Hdkfs.
4-4 French and Eng- plain and printed bor-
lish Prints & Chintzes dors; Nankins;
Bed Spreads, Carpet- Plain and figured Mus
ing und Brussels Rugs linsi Lustre;
Benverteens; Cotton Shawls At Hdkfs.
Oanaburghs; A general assortment of
Russia Sheeting; Shoes and Broghans;
Linen Dilinnsk Table Superfine Mororco
Cloths; Pumps, &c. Ac.
HARDWARE.
A splendid assortment of Hardware nnd Cut-
lery, Castings and Carpericrs' Tools.
GROCERIES.
8 hhds. New Orleans, 20 boxes Sperm Can
1 box lluvanna, and dies;
12 bbls. lau.” und lump 50 half bbls. Nos. 1 and
Sugars, ull of superior 2 Mackerel;
quality; Supuior Havanna end
NOURSE & CLARK
HAVE JUST RECEIVED AN ASSORTMENT OF
WHITE BEAVER BATS,
A splendid article.
4Lso.—SUMMER CLOTHING
May 14—52—tf
E. WELLS &. Co.
H AVE just received et the sign of the Gilt
Boot,
4 doz. fine CALFSKINS.
ALSO,
Lining Skins, Binding, 8fC.
June 28—7—(C
In bbla. MoIqbpcf;
common Cigars;
LOOK HERE!
C OL. WM. H. HAMPER is authorised to
soil those valuable Town Lots in Columbus
Non. 503, 504 505 nnd 506, forming a sauuro
block, with improvements, low for cash. For a
residence they are the most desirable of any in
town.
Doc.24—32—tf
FOR SALE.
*0. 59 in the 19th dint, of Muscogee now Harris,
73 do. do. do.
131 20th diet. do. do.
241 J Hi h dist. do. do.
72 20th dist. do. do.
One eighth of No. 206 in rho 2d district of Car
rol, known by the name of the Pino Mountain
Lot. There are two hundred hands tit work on
the above lot, nnd receive the reward of their dai
ly labor in the precious metals. Purchasers will
»|»|»ly fD subscriber, in Columbus. Cash or
good paper will be received in payment.
. f AMi:S WADSWORTH.
Juno 28—7—2m
mi
M’INTOSH HALL
THE above establishment is now
open for the reception of hoarders
and transient custom. The subscri
ber pledges himself to spare no pains
nor expense lo re-nler comfortable ull who may
favor him with a cull His table aud bar are sup
plied With the best the country affords His sta
bles are now, large and airy—-bountifully furnish
ed with good provender und attended f>y a fuith-
ful and experienced ostler. He flatters himself,
from his experience, to merit and receive a respect
able patronage from a liberal public
Lots suitable for the accommodation of drovers
can be furnished. JOHN LOVE.
Columbus, Dec. 10—30—tf
Cuthbcrt, Randolph Co. Ga.
m
7 casks fresh Bacon; 20 bags buck and ossort-
5 boxes Starch; «d Shot;
50 bbls. old Whiskey; 20 kegs F FF and FFF
7 do. Holland Gio; Powder;
9 do. Domestic do. 15 bbls. butter nnd wa-
20 do. C'oguac Brandy; ter Crackers;
10 do. Domestic do 20 doz. Lemon Syrup;
1 Copper Still and 50 kegs Nalls, assorted
Worm, a good article, sizes;
A targe assortment of 60 doz. Newark Cider;
Wines of various 1 superior Sofa, nnd i
kinds, sup. quality; Ladies' Work Stands;
Soaps (brown & fancy,) Manilla Rope and CoMoo
50 bags Coffee; Starch; Bagging.
a f.ARGK ASSORTMENT OF
fHeWcfnew, JJafnto anV
The above articles will be told as low as can
be purchased in the Market.
BIRD & BUCKHAM.
Jul*T-&—tf
The subscriber respectfully informs
his friends and customers, that he has
removed to Cuthbort, where ho will
keep as good a lioosu of entertainment
Os the country will afford. His houses are near
ly completed! and all the neceisary out-buildings
attached. Hu flatters himself that ho will be en
abled to inuko those comfortable who tnny call on
him, ou as reusonablo terms as at any plnce in the
state. JOSEPH THOMPSON.
July 19—9—41
STRAYED
FROM tho Hobscriber, living on
Rull Crook, MuHcogoe county, about
tho last of March, a BAY FILLY,
two yeure old I ant Fall, rather Amull,
with a white star in her face, and a
le white spot on iho lower part of her
right tide. Any person who haa taken up tho
Mtd Filly, and will givo the Subscriber informa
tion, addrauing him at Rock Creek Post Office.
Muscogee county, shall receive a liberal compen
sation, asd aJI reasonable charges paid.
PHILEMON CHAMPION.
Juno 90- 1 6—tf
TO POST-MASTERS.
T HE Subscriber has just recoivoa an ussort-
ment of Paper, Twino, 4c. oxprcs«ly for
Post-Office use. J). 8. NOK’l Y ‘-'
July 19—9--JT
B. B. NORTON. j
Dread Street. <
they soon found, if carried to uny extent,
tuxes, “ in the form of protecting duties,”
would be to encoutnge the industry of one
purt of the Union nt the expense of unoth'
or; nnd if this effect would result from
mere incidental encouragement, in the
inline of sense, what would it not do wl.cn
resolved into an open und direct system!
What are the simple and sober infer
ences to be dt'Hwn from these stubborn
fnctsl Imugino for n moment that the
constitution, instead of being a compact
he;tveeu thirteen independent States, is tt
contract between tiro individuals of equal
rights, but, unfortunately, not of equal
strength; und the sltongest should nsseit,
nnd actually proceed to exercise all those
powers previously discussed, well under
stood between the parties, und finally re
jected: does not every one believe that
suclt an uct would constitute the very es
sence of power in the naked sente of that
term, and bespeak the presence of tyranny
in its worst shape! If, then, under the
strong convictions of injustice, and the
still more distressing sense of oppression,
the voice of complaint should he raised,
who is there can deny to the sufferer this
miserable privilege! But exhausting the
sueing efficacy of supplication and remon-
siruncc, und rising away from these weak
er feelings, if the virtue of forbearance
should be sunk into the stronger passion
uf resentment, with all its ungovernable
agitations, such as have sometimes fanned
the dames of the most bitter discord, nnd
should occasion a struggle to throw off at
once the wrong and the oppressor, where
is the spirit that could denounce, or even
the prudence that would condemn such
an effort at seif-redress?
In speaking of the causes which led to
the revolution a distinguished orator,*
just Hfier its happy termination, brilliant
ly observed: “ it was not the quantity of
the tax, it was not the mode of appropri
ation, but it was the right of demand, that
was called in question. Upon this the
peoplo deliberated; this they discussed in
a cuol and dispnssiouale manner; and this
they opposed, in every sli .pe that an art
ful und systematic ministry could devise,
for more than ten years before they as
sumed the sword. This singlo circum
stance, aside from the magnitude of the
contest, will stamp a peculiar gtory on the
American revolution, and mark it as a
listincuished era in tho history of man-
kinJ.”
We are not only questioning the "right
of the demand" but we have the peculiar
aggravation of not only an intolerable
“quantity” ol “foz,” but that tax is trans
itu red from the bosom of our people, and
“appropriated” in other countrios. Be
fore I proceed to the comparison which it
is my intention to make, it is nccAsury
distinctly to state the exact principle in
both cases, and thon show with what re
markable fidelity the facts will sustain the
analogy. The colonies were, as the
States are now, independent of each o-
liter; and Great Britain, the mother coun
try .constituted their FE DERALIIEA D.
To them, the mother country was, what
iho General Government now is to tho
States. The latter is our Federal head.
Great Britain maintained that she had a
right “to tax the colonies in all cases what
ever.'' The colonies domed it, and con
tended that she had only tho right lo tax
them through the regulation of commerce
as rcveuue, und for their benefit; thut such
taxes could not bo taken and appliod to any
odter purpose whatever; that no direct tax
at all could be laid upon them without
thoir consent, und then only for the use of
the colonies, nnd to be granted by their
own Legislatures. Tho General* Gov
ernment maintains that she has a right to
“ tax the State in all cases whatever.”—
The States deny this right, and contend
that it can only tax them, through the reg
ulation of commerce, as revenue, for me
singlo purpose alone of supporting the
Government, und consequently fur their
benefit generally and equally; ami that,
1 Joel Borlow
as Great Britain could not tax the colo
nies lo be spent on objects unconnected
with their colonial condition, so the Gen
eral Government cannot tax the State*
lor the benefit of manufacturers, a distinct
interest front that of the Government; in
other words, it cannot take money, by
way of luxation, from one portion of the
States, to be spent in another, to support
an individual interest different from that
of the Union wherekll aro alike concern
ed. Tho proposition is now fairly made.
Let any superficial render examine the
causes which led to tho revolution, end
ho will find that the colonies, though as
Stales they aro now greatly more op
pressed in sorao quarters, yet then they
flashed like lightning at the slightest inva
sion of their rights. Great Britain in
two huudred years, with all her power and
ingenuity, und apparently with tenfold
more right, was never able, in tlte inter-
nnl regulation of the colonies, to drive tho
first entering wedge into what they con
sidered unconstitutional taxation; nor in
that time did slit accomplish ' what the
General Government lias done in the
short space of eighteen years.' Various
wore the acts, und at various times and
under various states of feeling were they
urged, to establish the principle that the
mother country had the right “to bind the
colonies in all cases whatever." The re
sult of such an unnaturul and abhorcul ex
periment must be fresh upon the recollec
tion of every one, save, pet haps, the mis
guided and infutuated rulers of the Gene
ral Government. Long and ardent were
their opposition against the attempts of
the Btitisli Parliament to rivet upon them
her port laws, navigation acts, admiralty
regulation,s new modes of trial, of appoint
ing officers, stamp acts, and tariffs for reg
ulating thoir trade. Opinions, resulting
from their oppressions, stimulated them
to unmitigated resistance, which spread
through America, wore intrepidly main
tained against the usurpations of the mo
ther country, and finally terminated in
their acknowledged independence.
1 proceed to present the promised com
parison, and I hazard nothing in saving I
shall be able to show that tne sufferings
of the south are not only similar to the
colonies, but, in a very great degree, more
intolerable. 1 hold in my hand the first
tariff act that was ever passed by Great
Britain, intended to operate against the
colonies, for the double purpose of taxa
tion and to restrain their trade with all
nations except through their mother coun
try.
Tho act which 1 have just referred fo,
and which is here ready to be seen, con
tains eighteen different subjects upon
which duties were laid, and they are upon
all such articles as wero produced south
of Capo Finisterre, because north of that
point they wore prohibited to Hade, ex
cept, as before stated, with the mother
country, Those articles were such as
Great Britain did not produce, such as
coffee, indigo, wines, East India silks.
East India calicoes, French linen, nnd
cambrics imported through the mother
country, pimento, sugar, and molasses,
and, finally, the celebrated Stamp Act.
This memorable act passed on thq 10th
of March, 1764, and on the 20th of April
t hereafter, just forty days, the General
Assembly of New York raised their re
monstrating voice, and immediately ap
proved of a memorial, prepared by the
morchnnt* of the city of New York, to be
luid before Parliament, at the same time
instuciing tho agent of the colony “to give
all possible opposition to the continuance
of said acl."
Tho memorial was followed up by o-
thur strong remonstrances from nearly all
the other colonies, holding a language of
the following character: “that an exemp
tion from the burthen of ungrantod invol
untary taxes, must be the grand principle
of every free Statu. Without uch a
right vested in themselvos, exclusive of
all otlieis, there can' be no liberty, no
happiness, no security; it is inseparable
from every idea of property; for who can
call that his own which may be taken a-
way at the pleasure of another! No his
tory can furnish an instance of a constitu
tion to permit one part of a dominion to
be taxed by another, and that, too, in ef
fect, but by a branch of that other part.—
And if such an absurd and unequal con
stitution should be adopted, who, that con
siders Ihe natural reluctance of mankind
to burthens, and their inclination to cast
them upon the shoulders of others, cannot
foresee that, while tho people on ono
side of the Atlantic enjoy an exemption
from the load, those ou the other must
submit to the most insupportable oppres
sion and tyranny.” The committee thus
far will begin to perceive the temper aud
spirit of a people suddenly aroused to a
sense of legislative oppression, and they
may plainly discern a firmness in the as
sertion of their injury worthyofaU praise.
The colony of New York resolutely said
to Parliament, “what can be more appar
ent than that the State, tohieh exercises
a sovereignty in commerce, can draw all
the wealth of its colonies into its own
stock1 Aud has not the whole trade of
North America, that growing magazine
of wealth, been, from the bsginning, di
rected, restrained, and prohibited, at the
sole pleasure of the Parliament! And
whatever some may pretend, his Majes- *
ly’s American subjects are far from a de
sire to invade the jest rights of Oroat
