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THE UNION OF TH« STATES, AND THBjaOVttKKJSNTV «)> THE STATES.
COLUMBUS. GEORGIA, SATURDAY, JANUARY S. 1833.
BY VAN NESS, BETHUNE A CUNE.
FIFTH VULU.U1—NUMBER 33,
THE EiranRER
IS PU BUSH ED WEEKLY,
A T thret doVart per annum, puyabto in ad
vance: or ftur dollars if not paid for befoie
tliu end of the year.
. Advertisements will bo inserted at tho rates of
ietaUfffive cents per Imndred words for tho tint
insertion, tnd fifty cents for each week's continu
ance. In all advertisements, the words that do
not amount to an even hundred, will bo consid
ered as an hundred, snd charged as such. When
the numbor of insertions of an advertisement is
not specified, it will be continued nntil forbid,
and charged accordingly.
Sheriffs’ and other Officers’ advertisements in*
I netted at customary rates.
Letters to the Editors on business must be post-
paid} and in all cases whore It is not done, the
„ postage will be charged to tho writer,
m Safes of Land, by Administrators, Executors or
Guaidiaus, aro required by law to be held on the
firatTueaday in the month, between the hours of
. ten in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, at
the conrt-hoase in the county in which the prop
erty is situate. Notice of these are to be given m
, a public gazette Sixty days previous to the day
Sales of Negroes must be at public auction, on
tho first Tuesday of the month, between the usu
al hours of sale, at the place of public sales in the
county where thoLotturs Testamentary, of Ad
ministration or Guardianship, may have been
granted, first giving Sixty Days’ notico thereof,
in one of the public gazettes of this slate, and at
the door of tho court-house where such sales are
to bo held.
Notico for tho sale of Personal Property most
be given in like manner for I'uriy Days previous
to Ills day of sale.
. Notice to the debtors and creditors of an Estate
\ must bo published Forty Days.
Notice that application will he made to tile
Court of Ordinary for Leacc to sell Land, mast fo
published Four Months.
Notice for Leave to sell Negroes must bo pub
lished fer Four Months, before any order absolute
shall be made thorenn by the Court.
GENERAL. AGENCY
AND
J. S. SMITH & O
H AVE commence.! bnsiness in thisplaea.and
taken the Store next door to the Columbus
Bank, and offer foi sule a handsome assortment of
DJy-Goods, Clothing,
Hats, See.
AMONG WHICH SHE THE FOLLOWING:
Rich Prints, French Drilling
Foulard Muslins, London do.
While do. White silk Pongeo
Irish Linens and laiwns Hdkfs.
White Cambric linen Fig’d do. do.
Hdkfs. Gentlemen’s whito and
Bordered do. fig’d Cravats
Borage Shawls Marble half Hose
Crape Scarfs White do. do.
Do. Shawl's Lambswool do.
White and black Loco Clark's Spool Cottou
Veils Pins and Needlos
Green Gauze do. Patent Thread
Black Italian snd Gros Shoe do.
dc Nap Silks Cotton und silkUmbrcl-
Fig'd changeable* do. Ins
Ital. and Canton Crapes Bonnet Wire and Reeds
Bl'k fig’d Crape Robes Osnaburghs, Fustians
Ginghams Bed Ticks
Furniture Prints Brown 3-4 Homespun
Ladleswhitesilkclock’d “ 4-4 do
Hose Cheek’d do
Cotton do. do. Carpeting Rugs
Shell, tuck and siilo Green Table Covers
Combs and stamped Buizo
Brazilian do Dunstable Bonnots
Binding. He 1 case fine Leghorns,
READY-MADE CLOTHING
HATS, «rt.
As w© intend selling for cash, purchaser* will
find our prices low. J S SMITH & Co.
Coluinlms, April G—47—if
COMMISSION BUSINESS
Columbus, Georgia
T HE subscribers respectfully acquaint their
friends and the public that they have form
ed aconnexion in the above business, under the
Bauic and style of
Shorter, Tarver Sc Co.
They have commodious and extensive arrange
tnents in progress for the reception und stoiuge of
product:, aiufwiU be prepared to make advances
on the same while in store or uudi r shipment to
New Orleans or New York.
E. 6. SHORTER.
13ENJ. P TARVER.
May—10—1 JAMES H. SHORTER.
Copartnership Notice.
T HF. subscriber lias taken into Copartner
ship Mr. Jaaws H- MUclicU, of Boston,
und wilt in lutuio conauut tits bu»iuc»a *iiu
fljni of
NORTON & MITCHELL.
He therefore earnestly requests all who are in
debted to him to make immediate payment.
CHARLES E. NORTON.
Norton 6c Mitchell
H AVE just receivotl at Apshuliieola. by the
brigs D'Mnngo Cora, Columbus und Ma
tilda, from Now Yotk, and by the schooner North
Carolina, from Boston, a very extensive assort
ment of Domestic Goods and Groceries! ail of
1 which they offer on the most favorable terms:—
Among them are
I<i7 hales Plaids. Checks and Stripes,
7n do. Sheetings and Shirtings,
43 easos Boots and Shoes,
£1 dn. Beaver Huts,
13 do. Wool dn.
J00 barrels New England Knm,
.VI do. American Rye Gin,
50 do. do. Brandy.
51) do. Good Cider.
CO do. do. do. Vinegar,
10 pipes French Brandy, different brands,
3 do. Holland Gin,
3 do. Jamaica Rum,
4 dn. St. Croix do.
it do. Windward Island Ram.
3 half pipes old L. P. Madeira Wine,
13 do. do. Sicily do.
30 casks Dry Malaga do.
40 do. Sweet do. do.
1 pipe superior Nnyou,
ft cusos Suntorn anil Muscat Wine,
42 do. French Cordials,
30 baskets Champaiguc Wine,
50 do. longcoikClurot
S'W bags Havanas and St. Domingo C"flec,
30 do. Spices,
m do. Brasil Nats.
7 do. Soft Shell Almonds,
(I do. Filberts,
13 casks American Chense.
13 boxes Eng. Pine Apple du.
75 barrels Irish Potatoes,
30 do. Onions,
76 do. Prime and Mess Pork, iu*pcate<L
20 do. Mackerel, (October brand.)
150 casks Tliomnsiun I.ime,
2U0 dp. assorted Nails,
4)00 coils Bale Rope,
50 do. assorted sizes Manilla Rope,
20 crates assorted Crockery,
30 baskets Sweet Oil,
20 <loz. Castor do.
20 barrels Glauber and Epsom Sails, .
30,000 best Havanan Cigars.
THEY HAVE ALSO IN STORE,
100 barrels Whiskey,
120 pieces Kentucky Bagging.
200 coils Western Rope,
40 barrels Sperm, and Linseed Oil,
10 tons assorted Swedes and Russia Iran,
1O0 kegs White laiad ground iuOil.
100 dn. Verdigris,
300 bags Shot,
2,000 pounds Bar Lend,
300 reams Wrapping Paper.
\ An assortment of Blank Books.
Besides a great variety of other goods neecasa-
tj for country stores. And to induce the Mer
chants oflhe interior to confine their purchases
to Apalachicola, they are determined to sell as
low as can be purchased in New Orleans.
CHARLES E. NORTON.
* JAMES H. MITCHELL.
Apalachicola, Nov. 1532—26—tf
G. W. DILLINGHAM
H AS received and is now receiving in ad
dition to his former stock of goods, a full
supply of Dry Goods and Groceries: consisting
in part of
Blue, Black and Fancy Cloths,
Satinets, red and white Flannels,
50 bales brown Shirtings and Sheeting,
20 “ bleached 11 11
6 “ iluiTil Blankets,
3 “ (>oim do.
** rose do.
25 " I 1 la ids and Sniped Domestics,
50 pieces Irish Lirypn,
200 “ Calicoes of various patterns,
Sill; and Cotton liaiidkerchtufs,
Italian and Lustring Silk,
Heady-made Cloihiitg,
Saddles, Bi idles, Mariingaies, amJ
Cm pet and Port Bags,
Lagging und Bale Ropo,
60 hhds. St. Croix and N\ O. Sugar,
200 libls. New Oilcans Molussos,
100 “ N. O. VVIiiskoy r
50 “ Northern Gin,
1 ^.,,.1-- !V1 Win6,'
6 “ Sweet do.
10 hbls. Cogniac Brandy, .
10 “ Jamaica Rum,
5 “ St. Croix do.
100 “ Canal Flour,
B <r Iron of all sizes,
Vemliali Blinds,
Paints, Oils and Dye Stuffs,
Drugs and Medicines,
Castings and Blacksmith Tonis,
Guns, Pistols and Dirks.
All of which he offers on his usual
good terms.
Columbus, Nov. 10—26— tf
THE
WARE-HOUSE
O N Thnnday, the ITth January, 1H33, eft
bo xold to close several consignments, '
close several consignments.
30 hbls Florida Sugar,
2 bhds Matanzas do.
30 ‘ West India Molasses,
60 hbls Byrup,
Domestic-Calicoes. Hats, Bools, Shoes, Cnlle-
ry, Segars, and various other articles
Terms. Under $100 cash, above that sum six
ty days approved bankable paper.
S. K. HODGES i Co. Aucl'rs.
Des.23 31 tf
Clothing.
J. S. SMITH & Co
NEIT DOOR TO THE COLUMBUS BANK,
Hatk received a handsome assortment of
SUMNER CLOTHING,
CONSISTING OF
Black Bombazine COATS and COATEES,
Do Circassian do .do
Browu ulid Green Merino Circassian do
Gasmen Frock aud Dress do
Bluck lasting do. do. do
KOUND JACKETS.
Black Bombazine Round Jackets,
Brown Linen and Coltpn do
Do. Striped do.
VESTS.
White snd figured Marsailles Vests,
Do. do. Valencia do
Plain do. Silk do
l)o. do. Velvet do
Do. do. swansdown do
PANTALOONS.
Dlack Bombazine and Lasting Pantaloons,
Do. Circassian do
Brown and black Brochillns _ do
White and brown Linen Drilling, do
Do. Cotton do
Drab Merino Casimero Pants,
Do. Roan do. do
Cord and Rnssia Duck do
Fustian do
Linen Shirts with Raffias,
White do.
Brown do
Linen and Cotton Draws,
Negro Clothing
AH of which tiny offer for salo at f6W pneed.
Columbus, April 14—48—tf
WARE-HOUSE
AND
COMMISSION r.USINESS.
rflNIlL subscribers having engaged in the above
B business,respectfhlly tender their services to
their friends aad the public, in the storage, sale and
S^^rl^mer^^e^ircb^ia:
i iigaml will have ready forth© reception of Cotton
by the commencement of tho ensuing fall, a largo
new Ware-House, situated on Randolph street,
which is constructed on tho most npproved plan,
perfectly convenient to the business part of tho
town; and being comparatively remote from other
buildings, is measurably exempt from danger by
fire. Trusting they shall have it m their newer
to do ample justice to those who may be pleased
to favor thMii with their business, and to extend to
them the most liberal accommodation and advan
ces on Cotton, they flatter themselves that they
will be enabled to give general satisfaction, aud
earnestly solicit a patronage and friendly support.
MORRIS, EVANS & Co.
Columbus, Aug. 1—113—tf
AND
Commission Uusincss
W ILL be continued by the subscribers un-
dorthe firm of S. K Hodges &Co. who.
i while they feel grateful for former favore will en-
- deavour to deserve a continuance of them,
i SEA HORN JONES,
SAMUEL Iv HODGES,
I On Consignment—And xoill be told on accommo*
dating terms:
| GROCERIES.
bills. N. Orleans and Florida Sugar,
Pjl ® 9 20 hhds. do. do.
500 sacks Coffee,
250 sacks Liverpool ground and blown Salt,
“ allum undliotnany do.
1,000 tbs Castings, pots, ovens, andirons, &c.
12 qr. cukUb Lb bon Wine,
Porter in bottles; Cider in do.; Axes;
Ten; Loaf Sugar; White Havanna do.;
75 pieces Kentucky Bagging;
40 “ Inverness do.;
60 coils Bale Rope; Bagging Twine;
15,000 Ihs. Baron; 40 kegs Lard;
40 bids. Flour; 10 bbls Salts;
100 bbls. N O.and Florida Molasses and Syrup
100 hhds. West India Molasses;
t 10 bids. Pickled Pork, mess aad prime;
• Mackerel, No. 2;
i llardwate, Cutlery, &c.
j 5O,0CO Sugars, various qualities;
j Traco Chains; Wrought Nails; Brads;
CO keg* Nails, 4d to 20d
DRY-GOODS.
40 pieces Linen, various qualities;
H “ Linen Drilling,
Whito and Red Flannel; Blue Plains;
Checks; Striped Dorncsticks;
SSilks; Sewing Silk; Spool Cotton;
Calicoes; Cotton and Wool Cards;
Musquito Netting;
Writing and letter Paper;
Hats: Leghorn Bonnets; Boots 6c Shoes.
FURNITURE
1 Secretary and Book-Cuse;
2 Bureaus;
1 Indies' VVorkstand;
1 Portable Desk.
JulylO—9—tf
ALMANACS
FOR 1833,
For Side by
GEO. W. DILLINGHAM
FOR SALE
Ilarcklay and Pierson's compound of
CUBEBSo/SARSAPARILLA.
A 8PEEDY,ufu and (rositive remedy for the
care of Gonorrhea, Gleet, Btiieture., Semi
nal Weakness, Whites, pains in the loins, kid
nies, circulation ofthe I ladder and urethra; Gra
vel and other diseases >f the urinary organs.—
Prepared by d G dareklay, M. D. London.
CLIFTON A KENNEDY-
Columbus, Aog. 16—13—if
Warranted fresh and Genuine
GARDEN SEEDS*
R aima) l>y ilm Shaker Society, En
field, Ct. For sale by Geo. W. Dii-
liugli m Colunibiis Ga.
White Onion, Yellow Onion, Red On
ion, Early Turnip Beet, Oiangu Turnip
do. Blood do. Froncii Sugm do. Manse I
Wursul do. Scarlet Carrot, (very fine,)
Orange do. Blood do. Guernsey Parsnip,
Long White do. Early Cluster Cucumber,
Long do. Long Green do. Early do,
Prickly Gherkin do. YVtiiermellon, Musk-
mellon Fine Nturned Mellon, Large
Canlclope do. Greet) Cilrou do. Dutch
Summer Squash, Ctookneck Summer do. |
Croocknock Winter do. Mammoth do. j
Striped Cushaw do. \V hito do. do. Impe
rial Sugitr Loaf Lettuce, White Head do.
Ico Head do. Ice Co*, do. Cabbage
Ilend do. Scarlet Short Top Radish, Sal
mon do. Scarlet do. Scarlet Turnip do.
Earlv Sugar Loaf Cabbage, Drum Head
do. Earlv York do. Green Savoy do.
Yellow Savoy do Green Glaced do. Tur
nip Rooted do. Red Dutch do. Cow do.
Sea Kale, Early Spring Flat Turnip,
Norfolk Flat do. Long Hanover do. Rut-
u'mgu.do While Flatdo. Cauliflower, Sage,
Squash Pepper, Caycnnedo. Double Pep
pergrass, Vegetable Oyster, Scorzonera,
Tomatoes, Solid Celery, Sumnfer Savo
ry, Dwarf Culled Parsley, Curled do.
New Zealand Spillage Round Spiuage,
Long White Okra, Short Green do. As
paragus, Nasturtion, Requeue, (a fine
sallad,) Chetvil, (for sullad,) Garden
Cre ss, Endive, (for greens.) English Sor
rel, White Mustard, Brown do. Leaks,
Early Sugar Corn, Early Washington
Peas, Early Juno do. Early Charlton, do.
White Marrowfat do. Stiawborry Dwarf
do. Dwarf Blue Imperial do. Early China
Dwarf Beans, Early Mohawk Dwarf do.
White Kidney Dwarf do. Suponur While
Pole do. Red Cramborry Pole do. Vari
egated Cmulberry Pole Beans,Lima Pole
do.
41.80, JUST ARCHIVED THE fOLLOWINO
HERBS.
Sage, Buval, Elder Flowers, Hemlock,
Tansey, double, H rdback, Peppermint,
Spearmint, Mullen. Wormwood, Lobelia,
Summer savory, Pennvroy I, Morher*
wort, Catnip, Butin, Uva Ur-i, F-ince*
pine. Doe.-t. 183*.
GOV. HAYNE’S
PROCLAMATION.
Whereas, die Iic.ident of the United
States hath issued bis Proclamation con
cerning an ** OrdinWe of the pboplo of
South Carolina, to \ullify certain acts of
the Congress ofthe United Slate*, laying
duties and imposts foi tho protection of
domestic manufactures.' 1
And Whereas the Legislature of South
Carolina now in session, taking into con
sideration, the mallets contained in the
said Proclamation ef the President, have
adopted a Preamble and Resolution to the
following effict, viz
“ VVhereoS, the President of the United
States lias/issued his Proclamation de
nouncing die proceedings of this State,
calling upon the citizens thereof to re-
iiounre iletr primary ullegianco, and
threatening them with military coorcion,
miwarranttd by the constitution, und
utterly inconsistent with the existence of
a free Stae, be it therefore,
Kesolvcl, That his Excellency the Go
vernor bo requested, forthwith^ to issue
liis Pruclabatiun warning the good peo-
plo of this Slate against the invidious at
tempt of tno President of the United
Slates to seiuce them from their allegiauce,
exhorting them to disregard hisvuin mena
ces, and to be prepared to sustain the dig
nity, and pro ect the liberty of the Stale,
against thu arbitraly measures proposed
by the President,”
Now I, Robert Y. Hayne, Governor
of South C iulina, in obedience to the
said Resolution, do hereby issue this iny
Proclamation, solemnly warning the good
people of this Siato against the dangerous
and pernicious doctrines promulgated in
the said proclamation of the President, ns
calculated to mislead llioii judgments as to
tho true character ofthe government un
der which they livoi and the paramount
obliga ion which they ovkit to the State, and
manifestly intended to seduce them from
their allegiance, and by diiiwitig them to
tho support, of the violent and unlawful
measures contemplated bjr the President,
to involve them in llie guilt of Hebolliou.
I would earnestly admonish liter., to be
ware of the specious but fulse doctrines
by whidi it is now altemptoil to bo shewn
that the several Suite* have not retained
their entire sovereignty hat the allegiance
of their citizens was traiteferred in the first
instance to (ho government of the United
Slates, 1 that a Stale cannot be said to be
mrverwlgn awl independent wliose oum-iis
owe obedience to laws not made by it; 11
that oven uuder the royal government we
hud no separate character," 'hat tho Con
stitution has created “ a national govern
ment" which is not “ a compact between
Sovereign States" •‘•that a State has no
right to secede”—in a word, that ours is a
national Government in which the people
of all tho Slates are represented,’ and by
which we are consiituie.l “ ono people; 11
and " that our repieseuiaiives in congross
are all representatives ofthe United Slate*
and not of the particular Stales from
which thoy come;"doctrines which uproot
tho very foundation of our political sys
tem—annihilate (lie rights of the State*—
and utter ly destiny the liberties of the cit
izen.
It requires no reasoning to show what
the bare statement of these propositions
demonstrates, ili.it such a Government as
is here described, has not a single feature
of a confederated republic, li is in truth
an accurate delineation, drawn with u bold
hand, of a great consolidated empire,—
“ one aud indivisible," and under whatev
er specious form, its powers may bo
masked, it is in fact the worst of all des
potisms, in which thespititofun arbitrary
government is suffered to pervade institu
tions professing to be free. Sucli was not
the Government, for which our futhors
fought and bled, and offered up their lives
and fortunes as a willing sacrifice. Such
was not the Government, which tho great
aud patriotic men who called tho Union
into being in ilia plenitude of their wisdoms
framed. Such was not the Government
which the fathers of the republican faith,
led on by the Apostle of American Liber
ty, promulgated and successfully maintain
ed in 1793, aud by which they produced
the great political revolution effected ut
that auspicious era. To a government
based on such principles, South Curotiun
has not been u voluntary party, and to such
a Government she never will givo her US'
sent.
The records of our history do, indeod,
afford tho prototype of llieso sentiments,
which is to bo found in the recorded opin
ion of'those, who, when the constitution
was framed, were in favor of a “ firm Na
tional Government," in which the States
should stand in the same relation to the
Union, that the colonies did towards tho
mother country. Thu Journals of tho
Convention and the sec et history ol the
debate*, will shew that this party did pro
pose to secure to the Federal Government
an absolute supremacy over the Slates, by
giving them a negative upon their laws,
but the same history also leaches us that
all these proposition* were rejected, und a
Federal Government was finally establish
ed, recognizing the sovereignty of the
Slates, and leaving tile constitutional coin-
part on the fooling of all other compacts
between “ parties having no common su
pCrior.”
It ii the nztoral and necessary conse
quence of the principles thus authoritative
ly announced by the president, as constitu
ting the very basis of our political system,
that the Federal government is unlimited
and supreme; being the exclusive judge or
the extent of its own powers, the laws of
Congress sanctioned by the Executive and
the Judiciary, whether passed in direct
violation uf the constittition and rights of
tho States, or not, are “ the supreme law
of the land." Hence it is that ihe president
obviously considers the Words, '‘made in
purtuanco of the Constitution 1 as mere
surplusage; tnd therefore when he pofess-
es to recite the provision of the Constitu
tion on this subject, he states that our
“ social compart In express terms, declares
that tho lams tf the United States, its
Constitution, anrl the Treaties made un
der it are the supreme law of the law of
land," and speaks throughout ol "rtMf
explicit supremacy given to the laws of
the Union over those of the States 11 —as
if n law of Congress was of itself supreme,
while it was necessary to the validity of
a treaty tlmt it should be made in pursu
ance of tho Constitution; Such, however,
is not the provision Of the constitution.—
That instrument expressly provides iliut
"the Constituiion, and laws of the United
States which shall be made in pursuance
thereof, shall be the supreme law of the
land, any thing in the Constitution or laws
ol any State to the contrary notwithstand
ing."
Hero it will bo seen tlint n law of Con
gress, ns such, cSu Imvo no validity unless
made “ in pursuance of the Constitution."
Anunconstitutional act istliereforbnulland
void, and the only point that can arise iu
this case is whether, to the Federal Go
vernment, or any department thereof, has
been exclusively reserved the right to
decido authoritatively for the states this
question of Constitutionality, If this be
so, to which ofthe departments, it may he
asked, is this right of final judgment given 1
If it he to Congress, ihen is Congress
iioi only elevated above the other de
partments of tho Federal Government,
but ii is put above the constitntion it
self. This, however, the President him
self has publicly and solemnly denied,
claiming und exercising, as is known to
all the world—the right to refuse to
execute acts of Congtess and solemn
treaties, even after they had received
the sanction of every department df the
Federal Government.
That the Executive DdaiMcpi this right
oi autidjhg fiurtlij und exclusively »» 10
the validity of acts of Congress, will hard
ly ho pretended—and that it belongs to
tho Judiciary, except so M as may he
necessary to the decision of questions,
which may incidentally come befere them
in "cases of law and equity;" Has bben do.
uied by none more strongly than the Pres
ident liimsolf, who on a memorable occa
sion refused to acknowledge the binding
authority ef the Fodoral Court, and cluitn-
od for himself and has exercised the right
of enforcing the laws, not accdhting to
their judgement, but “Itlft tiwn understand
ing of them.” And yet when it servos the
purpose of bringing odium upon South
Carolina, Ibis native State, 1 the President
tins no hesitation in regarding tho attempt
of a state to release herself Irom the con
trol of the Federal Judiciary, in a matter
affecting her sovereign rights, as a viola
tion of the Constitution.
it is iinnuCcssary to enter into an elab
orate examination of the subject. It sure
ly cannot admit of a doubt that by the
Declaration of Independence, the several
Colonics became “free sovereign, and in
dependent States," and our political his
tory, will abundantly show that at every
subsequent change in their condition up
to the formation of our present constitu
tion, tho States preserved their Sovereign
ty. Tho discovory of this new feature
in our system, thut the States exist only as
membors ofthe Union—that befoie (he
Declaration of Independence, we were
known only as “ United Colonics,"—and
that even under the articles of confedera
tion the States were considered Reforming
"collectively one nation 11 —without any
right of refusing to submit to “any decis
ion of Congress 11 —was reserved to tho
President and his immediate predecessor.
To life latter "belongs the invention, and
upon the former, will uoforiunately fall
the evils ot reducing it to practice."
South Carolina holds tho principles now
promulgated by tho President (as thoy
must always be held by all who claim to
bo supporters of tho rights of the States)
"us contradicted by the letter of the Con
stitution-unauthorized by its spirit—in
consistent with every principle on which
it was founded—destructive of all the ob
jects for which it was framed"—utterly
incompatible with tho very existence of
the States—and absolutely fatal to the
rights and liberties of the people. South
Carolina has so solemuly and repeatedly
expressed to Congress and the World tho
principles which she believes to constitute
the very pillars of the Constitution, that
it is deemed unnereuarv to do more at
this time, than barely to present a suromaA
ry ol those great fundamental truths,
which sho believes can uever be kubverted
wihout the inevitable destruction of tho
liberties of the people and of the Union if-
sell. S. Carolina ha* uever claimed (as is
asserted by the President) the >ieht of
"repealing at pleasure, all the revenue lams
pealine tho constitution itself, and laws
pastfbd to give it effetf wlurh have never
been atledged to lie unconstitutional." Sho
claims only the right to judge of hifri.c*
lions of tile constitutional compact, in vi
olation ofthe reserved rights of tltR State,
and ef arresting the progress of usurps*
jion within her owq limits, ami when, as
ill the Tariffs of 1823, and 1882, .eventie
and protection— consiitution.il and um on-
siitutioni! objects, have been so mixed up
together, that it is found impossible . to
draw the line of discriminuthi,; she has
no alternative, put to consider the whole
as a system unconstitutional in its char
acter, and to leave it to those who have
"woven the Web, tounfavel the threads."
Seuth-Carolina insists, and she appeals to
the whole political history of oitr country
in support of hnr pojlrfon" tfim the con
stitution of the United States i| a compart
between sovereign Stales,—that it cre
ates a confederated republic not baying
a single fqnlure of naliitaalii'V in its foun-
dalion—that the peoplo of the several
States as aiallhci political communities
ratified the constitution, each State acting
for itself, and binding its own citizens, and
not those of any Other State; the act of
ratification declaring it to be binding ou
the Slaibtab ratifying—the Statfes are its
authors, their power created it—theif
voice clothed it with abthoriiy—ihe gov-
erhmem which It formed, is Composed of
:licir agents, and (be Union of Which it it
tho bond, is a Union of States, and not of
individuals—that at regard* the founda
tion and extedt of it* pbwofs, the govern,
incut of the United States is strictly what
its name implies, a Federal Government--,
that the Slates are as sovereign now as
they were prior to the entering into thu
compact—that tho' Federal Constitution
is a confederation ih the tiature of a trea
ty—or an ulliance by which so many
Sovereign States agreed to exbreise their
sovereign powers conjointly, Upon certain
objects of eXtcriiul concbru in which they
are equally interested, such as Wat, peace,
commerce, Foreign negotiation; und In
dian Trade; and upon all bthfer subjects
of civil govcrnrtibni, Ihfey were io exetcisu
their Sovereignty separately.
For the convenient conjoint exercise of
the Sovereignly of thu States, there ritusl,
of necessity, be some fcdmmon ageney or
functionary. Tills agenty it the Federat
Government. It represents the confed
erated Slates, and executes theirJoint will,
aa expressed in tfuLibnoW-—- , Ts.
ers of this Government are wholly derto-
alive. It possesse* no more inherent
sovereignty, thilU kn Incorporated town,
or any other grbat corporate body—it is «
political borporation, and like til corpora;
tions, it looks for its pbwbrs to an exterior
source. That source is the state,
Sooth Carolina clalifci that by the Dec
laration of 1 ndependence, she became and
hns ever since continued a free, sovereign
and Independent States.
That os a sovereign State, the has th»
inherent power; to do ell thosk eels, which
by the luw of nntions, any Frince or Po
tentate may of right dn; that like all inde
pendent Stalks, she neither has; nor ought
she td suffer any other restraint upon her
sovereign Will aud pleasure, than those
high moral obligations, under which all
Princes and States are bound before God
and man, toperfoim their solemn pledges.
Tho inevitable conclusion from what heo
bcon said therefore is, that as in all easel
of compact between Independent Sove
reigns, where from the very nntore of
things, there can bo no common judge or
umpire, each sovereign has a right " to
judge as well of infractions, as ofthe mode
and measure of redress, H so in the present
controversy, between South Carolina and
the Federal Government, it belongs sole
ly to her, by her delegates io solemn con
vention assembled, to decide, whether thu
federal compact be violated, aod what
remedy tho State ought to pursue. South
Carolina therefore cannot, and will net
yield to any department of the Federal
Government, a right which enters into
tho cssenco of all sovereignity, and with
out which, it would becomd a bauble and
a name."
Such Bra the doctrines which South
Carolina has through her Convention sot-
cniuly promulgated io the world, and by
them she will stand or fall! such were the
principles promulgated by Virginia in *98
which then received the sanction of dose
great men, whose recorded sentiments
have come down to us ns a light to our
feet and a lamp to our path. It » Yj r .
gioia and not South Carolina, who speaks
when it is said that she "views the pow
ers of tho Federal Government, us result,
ing from f Ac compact, to tohich the states
are parties, as limited by the plain sense
and intention of tho instrument constitu
ting that compact—as no further valid
than they are authorized by the grants
enumerated in that compact; and that io
case of a deliberate, palpable ami danger
ous exercise of other powers, not granted
bv the said compact, the states who am
parlies thereto, have the right, nod are ia
duty bound, to interpose, for arresting the
progress of the evil and for maintaining
within their respective limits, the "aothor-
ities, rights and liberties, appertaining to
them."
It is Kentucky who declared in ’99,
speaking m the explicit language of Thus,
Jeffetson, that "the principles and
of tbe Uuioa," much loss the right of "re* [ struetion contended for by tho oemben of
