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* d © CHRONICLE AND* SENTANEL* AUGUSTA. k § MONDAY MORNING, JANUARY 13. ° ~->No maiftrom the North last evening. * U (£ The new. from Washington city embraces the proceedings of Congress up to Monday last, in clusive. On that day nothing of importance „ transpired. I arri va! a{ New York brings intelligence S from December 7th. The political * news is not of much importance. Cotton had declined a Title. The following is an extract from a letter to a commercial house in this city£ • dated Liverpool, December 6, 1839. The sales this week are 22,000 bales, and such ha. been the anxiety to sell since the arrival of the Great Western, that prices have declined J to |d. and the market close, as dull as at any time thio year. It i« not very likely that we •hall have a large import soon from the Atlantic State*. But from the increasing .lock and de clining price, in New Orleans, we shall doubtless have an ample avtpply fm m thence, at least suffi cient to keep pri&s where they are, if not to re duce them to a l<J*er standard, unless the manu facturing trade improves, of whic h there is no im mediate prosper The want of the usual de mand, for China and the East as well as for the United State*, ~lded to the still advanced value nl money, so severely felt in the home consump tion, all combine to check activity or speculation, however favorable the depressed price of the raw material may be to it. Fair Uplands, or very nearly so, we are told, have been sold to-day, at 6}, the extreme no minal quotation 3 we consider to be from 5| to t the lower qualities however are alone saleable and bear a relative hjgher value, as the buyers appear determined to hfve quantity rather than quality for their money.x December 7th. The packet nqt having sailed, I open this let ter to say. that the sales to-day are 3000 bales, and the market rjade the same as to price. The (g) stock of American is computed at 329,500, about whfPl it was the same lime last year. 1 hear no sales in New-Upland, but from what I see ingin New Origins, I should think a very ex. trerae price for live former. The Theatre. Miss B a rives’Benefit is announced for this evening, on wliiph occasion will be offered the first nerfonuance herfiot Sheridan Knowles new a.. t , Play of “Lore,” which is now acting m London with uneq tailed suited It is pronounced in every respect as admit able a Drama as the Hunch back, and after such a comparison, no more need he said. The play we learn is cast in this place with the whole strength of the slock company, in addition to the aid of Mss Barnes and Mr. Forbes, so hat we doubt not a rich treat is in store for the Augusta audience. The limits ot *• Love atforu no room lor the assistance of Mr. and Mrs. Barnes, but their namOSjkre added to the amusements of the evening—the former in his finished and amusing-jprotraiture of the old student Polyglot; and the latter, in her exquisite recitation or Collins’ Ode on the Passions, which in itself is gratification s ilHcient for one evening. We hope that on this occasion Miss Barnes will be greeted by an overflowing house. At a meeting of the citizens of Burke County, st the Court House, on the 11th of January, 1840, for the purpose of adopting measures to carry into effect the construction of the Augusta and Waynesboro Railroad, Colonel A. J. Lawson was called to the Chair, and W. W. Hughes. Esq. appointed Secretary. On motion of Col. Thomas M. Berrien, It was Resolved, That Edward Garlick, James W. Jones, Edward Palmer, Jesse P. Green, Jo seph S. Reynolds, Ezekiel Lester, Charles White head, William W. Hughes, Philip Robinson Jr, William Dyne, Alexander Carswell, William B. 'Douglas., William E. Evans, Gideon Dowse, William Barron, Joseph A. Shewmake, Rohei* Patters *n. Henry Lewis, and Edward Hatcher* be a( pointed a Committee to ascertain the num ber of persons willing to subscribe for stock in the Augusta and Waynesboro Rail K >ad •'ompa ny, payable in money or work, or in a portion of each, and in such manner a» they may severally specify in writing to sard Committee, or either of them. Resolved farther. That the Committee be re quested to report Ao a meeting of the citizens of Burke county, io be coiivincd in Waynesboro, on the first Tuesday in February next. Resolved, Thai the proceedings of this meet ing be signed by the Chairman and Secretary, £ 0 J and that | c* py be furm hed for publication, and that the Editors in Savannah and Augusta be requsted to give it fine insertion. $ Resolved, That this meeting adjourn to the first Tuesday in February next, A- J. LAW SON, Cha.rman. W. W. Hc.iim, Sec’ry. *> From the National Intelligencer. National Medical Convention. The third decennial National Medical Con % vantion. »or the revision of the Pharmacopeia of the United Stales, assembled in the Cuy Hall, f Washington, on the Ist January, 1840. The following Medical Societies and Colleges were represented iu the Convention, viz. The Rhode Ulatid Medical Society ; ,Jjie New Jersey Medical Society ; the College cjjt Physicians of Philadelphia; the University of Pennsylvania ; the Jefferson Medical College; the Delaware Medical Socie y ; the Washington University of Baltimore; the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland; the Medical Society of the District Columbia ; the Columbian Medical College • * *be Vincennes Medical Society of Indiana, and the Georgia Medical Society. The credentials of the delegation, trom the W bite Mountain,’ Medi cal Society of Vermont, from the Medical Society of New Hampshire, from the Albany Medical Society, and from the College of Physician, and Surgeon, of Lexington. Kentucky, were present ed by the President, but the Delegate, were pre from attending. - ® The Convention elected Lewis Condict, of New Jersey. President; George B. V ood, M. D., of Philadelphia, Vice President, A. vv . Worthingtor. M. D., of Georgetown, D. JU Secretary ; Haivey Lindsly, M. D., ol W ardung toftifity, Assistant Secretary. The chief object of the Convention being the revision and emendation of the Pha> macopaeta of 183(1, this su j ct engaged it. attention primarily, and. after mature deliberation, and a tree inter change of opinion among the Delegates from different parts of the Union, the Convention re ferred to a committee of seven members all the documents i i its possession, with instructions carefully to r evise, prepare, and publish the ar macopsia of thu United Stales for 1840, un er the authority of this Convention. Arrangements wer£ also made for the assem bling of the fourth decennial Convention in Washington on the first Monday in May, 1860. Other business, of great interest to the Medi cal profession of the country, was transacted; and a zeal for the extension ot Medical science together with a spirit of generous cordiality, was manifested by the Delegates, which must con tribute greatly to secure the objects of the Con vention. Having passed votes of thanks to the officer* of the Convention, and to the Board ot Aldermen for the use of their room, the Convention, aftei a session of ihree days, adjourned. Annexed tire the names of the Officers of toe Police and Night Guards, to whom the Mayor has distributed the eight hundred dollars reward from the Institutions of this city, for the faithful discharge of their duties during the last summer, namely: City Constables. L. T. Shopp E. G. McGolrick, K. H. Watson, John Timmerman. Nght Gm rds. Samuel Lindsey, Reuben Elbert, J. J. Brookshire, Dennis Collins, James Moore, Philip McDonald, John Batley, James Powers Aaron Shaw. Wm. H. Neyland, James Smith. John Dordoe, Elihu Gibbs, Thomas Russell, George N. Cook, tn. H. Wilson. The near approach of the Annual Term of the Supreme Court has given rise to some inquiries as to the probable successor of Mr. Grundy in the office of Attorney General. We are unable ourselves to r.fford to the curious any clew to the intentions of the Executive in the matter, but it may not be improper to state that we have heard a rumor that the appointment will probably be conferred on a citizen of North Carolina.—Na tional Intelligencer of Ith inst. Lottery SpF.cn.ATiox.—We understand that in Caldwell, Oakey & Pritchard’s Great Lottery, not u single one of the prizes came out! Gutting rich by lottery is a shrewd doubt, after all. The genius who calculated that the chance of a high prize is about equal to being struck dead by lightning, was not a had arithmetician. Wc have further understood that not less than >25.000 worth of tickets in this lottery were sold the day before the drawing! Not a bad specula tion for the managers! —New Ofleans Sun. Correspondence of the National Intelligencer. New York, Jan. 5, 1840. The packet ships which were so long detained in the harbor by the ice, reached the city last night in tow of steamboats. The news by the England, which is to the 7th from London, and Bth, is not at ill remarkable, and may bs stated I in substance to he— , A decline in cotton of a farthing, caused by ; the report of ne state of the crops carried out by ; the Great Western. A check, if not a defeat, of the French forces |in Africa—A i del El Rader having made sud i den onsets upon tiie French outposts, with much : success. The Paris press seems to be chiefly I occupied with this matter, and the Government is hastening forward large reinforcements, so that the naval and military districts in the south of France are in a state of great activity. The Duke of Orleans goes out with the reinforce j rnents. ! Eastern affairs seem to be settled. The so ! called charter if the new Sultan, is said to have been promulgated in spite of Russia, and it at tracts great attention all over Europe. From Spain there is m thing worthy of com ment. It is believed that the new Ministry will have a small majority in the new Cortes. The G.eat Western went out in thirteen days and a half. The impression seemed to be general in Eng land that the British Government intended the blockade the Chinese ports, and that Admiral Maitland haJ be n ordered from the East In dies to China, for such apm pose. The specu lation in teas in England was. in consequence, large, and there was a great advance in the mar ket. There had been (December 7) in London, as coroing to the C ouner, a decided impiovement in the prices of American securities, and large in vestments were made in favorite descriptions. Ohio six per cents, have buyers at 87£ ; New York five per cents, are 83 to Maryland 77, dividend off, leing an advance of 4 per cent. United titles Bank Shares are 16/. 10s. to 17/. (.er .-hare. There is a rumor in the city that Mr. Jaudon has secured another large loan, but. at the hour I write this, I have uoUthe means of as certaining the 'act. cpo The Easterr and Northern mails bring us no thing new, ihe votes tor Governor in Massa chusetts had ne t been counted. Correspondent of the New York Erening Star. Liverpool, December 1, 1839. Would you wish to know what we think of the money crash in America ? Simply, tnat the worst hag come, and that, on the principle ex pressed in the obi proverb, when things are as j bad as they can be, there is a chance of their mending. This is poor consolation, but it is all. we have. The crash will do comparatively little injury to this country, because the difficulties of 1836-7 necessarily knocked up a considerable portion of the credit which our manufacturers | were in the habi tof giving to their Trans-Atlantic I customers. But it will do much injury to our 1 trade, as orders will necessarily he restricted for I some time. In France, from all public and j priva:e accoun s, the news has fallen heavily, ! although certainly not unexpectedly. At Lyons, it instantly caused a dead st<«p in most of the silk manufactories, and the workmen are thrown out of employ. In France and England, the in which Mr. Jaudon has borne himself has won the highest praise—l might say, the ; highest sympathy. He has manfully borne up ; under dWwttP.ita of no ordinary kind, and even ; > et continues to maintain the credit oi the United j Btales Bank in Europe, by scrupulously meeting its extensive engagements as mey fall due. I | h:ivc 1,0 acquaintance with the gentle man, and only state what I am convinced is the | general o ; imon respecting him. Enough of this subject. I have now to tel’ i you that popu ar rumor rejmrts (f or the him dredlh time; that Lord Melbourne has acquainted j a conservative nobleman with bis intention of i resigning the I retniership. betore the opening of | the Parliamentary Session in February. To * 1 V°u niy own opinion. I believe that the PrepfiJ* j who very notoriously is a lover of his ease, would’ | have no disinclination to leave office, if hj a Col leagues would permit him. The Queen has be come so accustomed to his society foi he *s just the pococurante fellow to amuse a lively young woman with wit and scandal —that, were he to leave office to-morrow, the cnances are two to 1 one that he would be as constant a visiter to the 1 Queen’s table as he is at present. He has mane J himself so successary to the Queen (as letailero scandel, satire, jests, and-so-forth.) that her little j Majesty really could not dispense with his society. 1 To be sure, he L but a dull relic of waat he was ! thirty years ago, when (as plain W illium Lam •) ' he was a man of wit 4 upon town, but he sti | is a most excellent table companion, a most live v i story-teller, an inimitable droll. Ibe principal ladies and gentlemen of the Court, who are the Queen's dady companions, are chiefly the rela tions. connexions, or intimate associates of the gay Premier, and Ivo is sure of their good word in the Queen’s ear, mwever matters turn out. But, as I have hinted, however careless he may be as to continuing in office, they do not share that indifference. His resignation might involve a ihange which would eventuate in their dis missal, —for there is no likelihood that the Queen will again be so green as to make “ the friends ol the youth” an excuse lor taking hack a min strv who have hecn compelled to resign by a polite vole hi a House of Commons chosen under their own especial auspices. Again, Lord Melbourne's colleagues would he likely to resist his retirement, so far as they could, because it might lead to a new Cabinet in which they would have no place, and the memuers oi the Melbourne administration (with few excep tions) cannot well afford to do without the emol uments of office. Muh the exception ot Lords Holland and Landsdowne, and Sir John Hob house, the ministry and the rest ot the govern ment officials are comparatively poor men, and the salary of their situations is a matter ot great moment to them. On the other hand, the bulk of the Tory .Statesmen who would take office it a Conservative Government were formed, are very wealthy ; —such are Peel, Wellington, Stan ley, Lowther, de Grey, Ashburton, Aberdeen, Wharncliffe, Herries. Wilton, and so on. To them the spoils of office are of no importance; but to the Whigs the matter is different; and such being the case, they would endeavor to per suade Lord Melbourne not to jeopardize them by giving in his resignation. There is an important point to he considered, namely, if he does resign, who would succeed him 1 If he does before the meeting of Pailia ment, Lords Durham or Normandy would proba bly be competitors for the Premiership, although I think that Lord John Russell would obtain it. But shou d Lord Melbourne remain in office un til the Parliamentary campaign, (during which he would find his majority of two reduced to a majority against him,) he runs the chance of being oeaten upon several questions, and this defeat would force him (as he was forced in May) to lender his resignation to the Queen. In such case, her Majesty, however reluctantly, would again he compelled to apply to the Tories, whom she hates, to form an administration. But bitterly piqued as she is against Sir Robert Peel for having exposed her onslinacy on the subject oi her bedchamber women, it is by no m. ans likely that she would like to have recourse to h s aid, and that she would even make this per sonal pique a direct plea for n»t having a Con servative Ministry at all. She would say, and with some plausihil.ty, “Sir Robert Peel is a gen tleman towards whom I cannot entertain very kind feelings, and therefore I must decline hav ing him as my Prime Minister.” But. unless ru mor be much in error, the Conservatives have provided ugaint this. There is a very generally received report that tl.# pros and cons of the mat ter have all been duly weighed at the ('arlton Club, and that a very sagacious conclusion has been arrived at. That, to humor the silly pre judice of the Queen, should the Melbourne Min istry break up, (and this is calculated on as cer tain, by persons of all politics.) the Conserva tives, to whom the Que.n must apply, as the Radicals cannot make a Ministry, will not force Sir R. Peel upon her as Premier. No, that plan, as I am informed on competent authority, will be for the Duke of Wellington to advise her Majes ty to call upon Lord Stanley to form an admis tration. He is said to be rather a favorite than otherwise with her; he was not mixed up in the affair of the bedchamber women, and it he was called into the Upper House, there wou'd be Peel to carry on the Government in the Commons, as Home Secretary or Chancellor of the Exchequer., Should matters thus be arranged, a tew months hence you will be able to appieciale the accuracy of my information and speculations. Ttie reduction of postage, which commences on the sth December, is a great accommodation. It will send a letter from Cape Clear in lieland to John O’Gmat’s house in Scotland, a distance of nearly 1100 miles for four pence. It is prepara tory to the adoption of the postage of a penny for every letter of not more than half an ounce, no matter what distance it has to travel. The ministry having refused to grant any com pensation to the owners of the opium seized by the Chinese, it is now believed that a naval force will be employed to obtain it from China. In deed the last accounts from India say that Sir F. Ma lland had been directed to proceed with a na val squadron from Trincomalee to Madras, to> await orders to sail lor Macao, preparatory to an attack upon Canton. The apprehension thial the American traders, who have preserved terms of amity with China, will engross the trade, pre vails in the commercial classes here, end is the caut e of much jealousy The reprint of American Tales, Sketches, Poe t.y, &c,. under the name <4 The American Mis cellany,” bids fair to be very popular. Knowles has £GOO for “Love,” and Bulwer £7OO for the -Sea Captain,” besides what their booksellers give them for the copyright. The American minister and his lady remain in the north ot England, paying a round of visits to the nobility. Every thing leads to the belief that Russia is tor w ar. Against what power ? Augusta Maywood made her debut as a dunsc m use, in I aglioni’s style, at the Academic Royale, on the 11th hist., and has astonished the Paris ians; they look on her as inferioronly to Tae lioni. J B The w hole amount of bullion now in the cof fers of the Bank of England is only 2$ millions. Its securities amount to nearly 24 millions sterl ingi its liabilities (circulation 17 millions and deposite 6 millions) to 23 millions leaving about £3,000,000 on the credit side. On the 3d of December the British schooner | Skipjack, brought into Montego bay, the Portu guese brig Ulysses, a slaver, with 529 slaves on ; board, which she captured off the isles ot Pines, i on the Ist, alter a chase of 12 hours. The mas ter, Fernandez, a Portuguese, escaped with 13 passengers, chiefly captains of captured slavers, and six negroes, taking with them 8,000 dollars’ —Kw Orleans Bee. j Crimk in France. —Out of every 106 per- j j sons accused. 61 are regularly condemned. Out of the whole population, 1 in every 4.460 inhab itants is accused. In every 100 crimes, 25 are 1 against the person, 75 against the property* Ex' 3 perience shows that the number of murders is annually nearly the same ; and what is still more singular that the instruments or means employ- i ed. a.e also in the same proportion. The incli nation to crime is at its maximum i n man ahr>u[ 1 the age ot -o, in women 5 years later. The proportion of men and women accused, is 3 to 1 The seastans have an influence on crime*; in sum mer more crimes are committed against* the t*./ .on—fewer against property ; the reverse is the ' case m the winter. The development to the * inclination to crime agrees very perfectly with , that of the passions and physical strength; and j on the other hand, the development of reason , tends to restaain the inclination. Ihe greatest physical strength of man developed between t ie age of 30 and 35; and the greatest mental powers between tnat ol 45 and 50. At this age the greatest number of chefs d oeuvre of the French theatre has been produced. It is a singu lar contrast that about this age we find mental alienation most frequent and difficult. Revue Encyclo. et Annales d'Hygiene. Sixth Distrct of Massachcsstts. We hare received a slip from the Greenfield Courier, which gives us reason to hope for the election ot Baker. (Whig.) in the Sixth Congressional Dis trict of Massachusetts. Full returns have been received from all the towns in the district except Heath which gave a majority ot 48 againt Mr. Baker at the first trial. Leaving this town out of view s , Mr. Baker’s present majorhy is 46. over ail other candidates. It is probable that thee may have been a change in Heath, correspond ing to that in other towns in favor ot Mr. Baker. In that event he is elected by a small majority. N. Y. Courier of Aih. A suit was lately brought in the Circuit Court of Mercer county, New Jersey, by Peter Denny & Co. vs. Robert Waddell and others, to recover $863.23, being the amount of a note given lor moms multicaulis trees last spring. )he defence set up was a total failure ot consideration. Ihe jrry returned a verdict for the plaintiffs. —Newark Dady Adv. Mobtlk, Jan. 3.—We learn, by a passenger, that a destructive fire occurred at Pensacola on the morning ol the 29th ult., destroying five buildings, and the progress of which was only stayed by pulling down two others. The build ings destroyed were occupied by L. Rogers, John t amphell, E. S. Woitson’s clothing store, J. O. Smith, drug store, Jenison & Foster, Siena A. La Rue, and S. Banos. No estimate ol the loss, Post Office Law. —It has been decided in the Supreme Court of Pennsy I ania. toat a post master is not accountable lor the secret delinquen cies of nis subordinates; and that an act on does not lie against him for the purloining of a letter by a sworn assistant appointed and retained by aim in good faith. From the Baltimore Sun. Keport ol the Secretary ol War. This document being rather long for our col umns, we present the substance of it to «lur rea ders. It appe .’s, that ihe army has, during tag prut year, been kept on active duly, in Florid! and on ihe northern, western and maritime fron tiers, that benefits is derived from keeping them together mas large masses as the circumstances of the country will permit, and that the camp of instruction at Trenton has had very salutary ef fects. Some legislative provision is stated to be necessary, to prevent the entrance into the service, of improper recruits, such as minors, who either bring false certificates of parental consent, or com mit perju r y by swearing themselves to be of age, and afterwards claiming to be released for non age. It is also recommended to extend the law of March 2d, 1837, providing far the enlistment of boys for tbe naval service, so as to embrace the army and ordinance. Wonts oi dcience at the outlet of Lake ('ham plain, at old Fort Covington, Black Rock and near Detroit, aie deemed so essential, that their construction or repair is urged upon ihe notice of Congress ; and n is stated to be one of the priu— cipal causes of desertion that while our soldiers are better flatbed and fed lhan those of any other country, they are worse lodged. It is deemed es sential to their health and morals, that this evil should be remedied, by the construction of go id barracks, where soldiers are to be permanently quartered. The conduct of Ross and his party towards the signers of the treaty of New Echota, tiie turbu lent conduct of iheSerninofes and Cherokees, the murders. &c., and the unfriendly disposition of some of them towards ts c whites, rendersthe spee dy completion oi the chain of posts < n the wes tern frontier necessary. The*Secretary, from personal inspection, as well as from the reports ot the Chief Engineer, pronounces our maritime defences to he totally inadequate to the purpose of security against an invading enemy. 80. ton and Newport are near ly in a condition to repel invasion ; but Ports mouth, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore. | Charleston, Savannah, Pensacola and all the ports in the gulf, require farther protection to ren der them sale Irom attack. Due regard for the security and honor of the country require a per fection of our maritime defences, and as the good of the army require* it to he kept together in as large masses as possible, it is recommended to garrison the forts with small detachments, aided by the neighboring inilit a in case of need; it is also recommended to organize volunteer corps in the vicin iy of the forts. In respect to the organization of the militia, he proposes to divide the United States into eight military districts, and to organize the militia in each district, so as to have a body of twelve thou sand five hundred men in active service; and another of equal number as a reserve. This would give an armed militia force of two hundred tnousand men. so drilled and stationed, ps to be ready to take their places in the ranks in defence of the country, whenever called upon to oppose the enemy or repel the invader. The age of the recruit to he from twenty to thirty-seven. The whole term of service to be eight years; four yeais in the first class and four in the reserve. One fourth part, twenly-five thousand men, to leave the service every year, passing, at the conclusion of the first term, into the reserve, and ex- mpted from ordinary militia duty altogether at the end of the second. In this manner, twenty-five thou sand men will he discharged from militia duiv every year, and twenty-five thousand fresh recruits be received into tbe service. It will be sufficient for all useful purposes, that the remainder of the militia, under certain regulations provided for their government, be enrolled and be mustered at long and staf« d intervals; for in due process of tim ”, nearly the whole mass of the militia will pass through t ie first and second classes, and be either members of the active corps, or of the reserve, or counted among the ex mpts. who will he liable to he called upon only in periods of invasion or im j mment jieril.—The manner ol enrol ..cut, the number of days of service, and the rule of com ’ pensatton, ought to be fixed by law, hut the details had better be left subject to regulation. The - failure ot General Macomb's treaty witf t the Indians in Florida, their faithlessness and cruelty, as exhibited in numeious murders, j n violation of that treaty, have destroyed all hope of j a termination of the war in that Territory in anv j other way than by exterminaiion, which will re j quire greater exertions, anu probably other means than those hitherto tried. The military o~cu. a tion ot the Territory, as provided for in a b n jn : troduced into the Senate at the last session is re -1 commended, and au hority is asked to raise one I thousand men, to serve there during the war t ; receive the pay ol dragoons, and a bJunty i n Jana at it. terminator). They are to be trained whp ian especial view to Indian warfare. This bo- ! ■ of men is asked for because of the condition o 4 the ; western and n mhern frontiers, whence it is , n , deemed prudent to withdraw any of the * 1 stationed there. Some a ( > prehension is veiT tertamrd that Canadian refugees may posnibu I"' j deavor to seduce some of our citizens inir. i ' , en ' acta, which the presence of troor m 'T n a ' Vles! ‘ Th. amall arms manufactured both at lilenauon ; al armories and by private contractors, arc highly ! eulogized; but as the same cannot bo saio of can I n on, tue establishment of a national foundry is ! recommended, and also a national manufactory ot gunpowder, in which there should always be at least a yeai’s supply of the materials for the man ufacture of this necessary article. The ordnance department has been actively engaged in manu facturing all kinds of ordnance stores, the con struction of war rockets, &c. The sale of the mineral lands is recommend ed, as far preferable to letting them on lease, by which the mining operations are diminished. The duties of the Quartermaster's department have been performed with a highly creditable de gree of ability, integrity and prompitude, and all connected with it are duly praised. Ihe great western road is ina state of forwardness; the survey from Fort Leavenworth to Fort knelling has been completed; the works at Fort femith have been retarded for want of laborers ; and de fences on the Illionois rivet, west of the Arkan sas boundary, have been commenced. It is recommended, that two of the present pay masters should he appointed assistant paymasters general, with the pay and emoluments ot lieu ! tenant colonels, and to perform additional dute s. The medical staff of the army has been acfve !y engaged, and is eulogized for its disposition to aid the cause of science by collecting tacts, that contribute tp that end. <?3 The system ol river and harbor improvements is thought to require revision. It is believed that such works are too frequently undertaken with out a sufficient previous knowledge of the nec essary detail, and that much has been ;pent, where the advantages to be gained we.e private rather than public, which tends to bri g the system into disrepute. It i> objected against the practice of contining the department, in lire execution of works of internal improvement, to certain plans, that such plans are often found to be inapplicable, that in the progress ot such works deviations from, or entire charges ot the plans, become necessary, but cannot be made, on ac count of the restriction, and I.nice large sums arc often thrown away, or the appropriations cannot lie applied, as in the case of the light house pro jected on the Brandywine shoals. It is thought the department ougl.t p} he allow ed more liberty in this respect. s *> In reference to the Chief of the Topographical Engineers, the Secretary says, it is highly grati fying to him. to be able to speak from his own personal observation, of the activity, order, and good management which reign throughout the works, both military and civil, which are con ducted by the officers of this.corps. The condition of the Military Academy at West Point is represented to l>e satisfactory ; but their accommodations are said to be miserable, and tiie erection of a moic spacious and commo dious building is recommended. It is also sug gested, that the cadets be instructed in fieltWn gineering, and that a body of sappers and miners oe created. The three dragoon officers of the first regiment, who were sent to France, for improvement in military tactics, hava been well received by the French Government and are to be followed next year by an equal number from the second regi ment. To give more efficiency and fairness to court martial, it is recommended that a written system for their direction be .prepared, so framed as to apply to the land and and sea service, and that a judge advocate be appointed. The number of invalid pensioners has increas ed during the last six years, owing principally to the hardships and dangers of the Florida war; but the Revolutionary pensioners under all the different acts, widows included, have decreased considerably. The whole amount paid during the last year, under the several pension laws, is J&3,090,664 69. Inconvenience is suffered, on account, that corporations and individuals receive no compensation for transacting the business of paying pen in'. Agmts i o itinue .n office only on the hope of compensation from Congftss; but the Secretary thinks if the President’s plan for keeping the public money be adopted, the pensions may be paid witnout any cost to the Govern ment. It is recommended to continue the office of Commissioner of pensions, which will expire in 1840, and to extend beyond (he present period ol eight months, the time for returning to the Treasury unclaimed pensions. The appropriations for Indian education have failed ol their object, but it is suggasted that their instruction be not lost sight of. It the Winneba go Indians do not consent to go to the country southwest ot ihe Missouri, they will he compelled next Spring to march to the neutral ground, al- I ready occupied as hunting and battle ground, l>v i the hostile Sioux, Saes and Foxes, In view of die proxirniiy o. the time when all the Indians will he removed from the Stales, it is suggested as a plan for their government, th.it tribunals be established among them, in iheirnew country, for the prompt trial and punishment ol crimes, as es sential to the preservation of order, and the ame lioration of their condition. An exploring pa ty sent to the northwest, have extended their examinations in the \alley oiThe River Jaques and Mayennes, which disi barge in to the Red River, to the Devil's Lake between toe 48th and 49th degrees of north latilude. This lake is between 4U and 45 miles long, in some places about halt as wide, its waters as salt as those of the ocean, abounding in fish, its shores and numerous islands well w..< ded. The description will answer, except as to size for all the smaller lakes ; and the whole region is de scribed as beautiful, fertile and heali* y. A map will soon be forthcoming of the entire region be tween the 87th and 100th degrees of west I >ngi tude, and the 40th and 49th degrees of north lali lude. It is intended to continue those researches until they shall have crossed the Rockv Moun tains, and reachtd the Pacific. The report concludes by asking an appropria tion for surveys connected with the military de fen, es ol the country ; one object of which is. to enable the Department to commence hy drograph ical survey of the lakes, which is much needed, on account of the increasing commerce of those* inland seas, ol which no correct chart is in exist ence, COMMERCIAL. Latest dates from Liverpool Dec. 7 Latest dates from Havre j\' oV 3^ Charleston, January 11. Cotton !n the absence of late authentic inior mauon from Europe, respecting sales of U plands a variety oi rumor-, are abroad respecting unfavor-’ able private advices from that souice, and the nen era. 1 ...pres ion is, that the article must shortly de" c me Irom its present standard, and already I ,-e ductiou of about i cent on the general range of lust rates has been established. Our navigable r vers 1 uemg at present in good boating order, • ot on is a. eumn,. u.g gradual , .and the stock on hand™ The sales have been heavy this weeL r™ than we have noted in the same period durin-the “ s ason. 1 ransactioos read eu 9087 bags at he 1 so lowing prices; 7at 7 cents- 97A- o f , ! 7,8 i; 312, 129, Sfc 618 ai.’X. *!> i 4 5. 9g; 1732 94- ISh Q - JifiT n i ’ • S J » 1 l«l«l«lb. I.ongtoUonstVe do’l a „ 4 j 1 ao ceitt $ lb e,e S ° W Si,Re /dice—Last weeks prices on Bice have been emlly sustained, and we do not note any alteration irom former quotations: the sales weie animated and the rales .ookmg up. Amount slock on land S ,« kS an, T ted to 28 “ 7 at from to §3 7-16 per cwt. Flour Little has been done in this article during the week—a lew small sales of Baltimore for h? use were effected at from $64 to $6 87 1 nf 1.2 hbls “Haxall” so dat $1 7 Vto Gram Bevera t cargoes Com were receiLw tu week, amounting to about 16 000 bushels wr'' were taken by dealers at 53 a 65c per bushel Wh Ptas —There were no arrivals, w e ... , tide at 70 cts per bushel. tfc Groceries The various commodities in this branch of trade, are almost th rations are completely at a stand and / • !o fc se minal. Several of the leading articles we* B pi ferent times put up at auction, -but with/ 6 th want of purchasers. w Spirits —2oo bbls Northern Whiskey u to cts per gallon. - ’ o, da t v Saß—We heard of no operates si n r e , , th The best Liverpool in sacks is worth ° Uri »!: cd Bacon -Is verydull Hams aie sellin'e , lb 16 cents per lb; Sides 8£ a9; and shou.dei-s; ‘ cents ;er lb. ‘ v *V nc Exchange —On England, 8$ a 9} pe r Cpn . cli France. 5f 15c ass 25c. nt P r U. a (] New York and Boston, Sight are taken an cent premium. 30 days, time off. Fi Richmond,6o days, 1 percent. M Bank of Charleston rates of s North— C ’°H New Yoik, 3 per cent premium. Philadelphia, 2 per cent Columbia and Camden. 2 per ctdis. Savannah Bank notes, 5 per ct discount Spanish Doubloons, sl7; Mexican. sl3’ Sovereigns. $4 95; Specie, lj p,. rct ' Freights —To Liverpool. $ to ,fd per lb! f 0 ! ton; to Havre,’l4 cents per lb; lor ::ic e . /p tierce, New York, for Cotton, 75 cents an<T<i G bag. STATEMENT OF COTTON. Stock on hand Ist Oct. 197 J a Received this week, . 1301 5! 0 do. pieviously, 2530 A 555 l C Exported this week, 5^7 do. previously. 2324 SJ! On Ship board, 4,5 t< ‘ 1. v 36 J 744 Sto< kon hand, # 24ja * I New ft obk, Jan. 4, Cottun —The date of our last being Aew \ ea , s ■ve have 10 review only tue past two days; dat, * this period the niarKei has continued to pie-mtt ' same appearance of inr.i tivily previously nuiu T the enti.e amount of truusa« tions compnsiiH ot 1,66 bales. In p.ices. however, theie ;.as beti. farther variation of im Oitance; the sales emuu 350 bales I plaud at 9 a a Ll 4; and 150 Florida at 9j a 10 cents: font, a total for the week ol 1960 bales. The arrivals have been —from * New Oilcans, 796 b a Georgia, 5.5 . South Carolina, 7ui 1 1 orth Caioliua, 68 ] Total, 2070 Total import since Istinst, 2070 Export from Ist to 31st ec. 7119 Exp t from Li. S. since Ist Oct, 209,6tl \ Sane time last year, 11.‘9,857 Same time year before, 19a 553 Fltmr —The Flour maiket since our lastpublij tion lias continued to present the same appeatai, of extreme inactivity before noticed, the si scarcely extending beyond small parce.s as war.: to supply the usual demand for city use Tiiev elude western Canal at $5 75 for the ordinary* 1 $5 foi fancy brands; and 400 bbls c hi j via r.al, at $5 6 4, tiiougb at the c ose that price a refused. The sales of f-outhern also weie vi limited, including Georgetown at $6; and How; street at the same rate, witu some transient k>i< about $5 a paicel of 200 bols l'cflbrsbu;s choice brand, was taken for exportat.on days. Sugars —The transactions since our last k been confined almost entirely to 160 lih'isofm crop New Ci leans, at o$ a cents, on the to time, showing a further reduction in price offu iof a cent per ib. In other desciiptio&s of li; covadoes, ti»e business has been insufficient to quire notice Box Sugars have also experieDo but a trifling demand, although t.,e saies rnr vvei-e within t’re range of previous quotations, i auction yesterday, 80 birds new crop New . de: at 5£ a54 cents per Ib., 2 and 4 rr.os; sale stop;* Macon, Januar.’P i he cotton market continues abou. the same last week. Principal sales from 7 io 7-i cerdv Inferior and stained cotton 6 to 7 cents. Savannah, January 1.1. Cotton —Arrived since the 3d inst. 7485 bat Cp {an( L and 425 bales S I cotton, and cleared the same time 93»6 bales Upland, and 434 ba S I cotton; leaving a stock on hand, inclusive al ! shipboard not cleared on the 10th inst., of 114 bales I p and and 63 S bales Sea Is’andcotton. Ti supply of Up and continuing very light, prices hi been lully '-upporteJ, anti in some instance? aa vance ol' % a ct paid. The saies amount to 44 hales, viz: 14 at 7£ ;25 at 21 at S|; 25 at Hi :1. at 8| : 141 at B#.; s'alt « 78 at SI ; 206 ?t 9 ; 318 at 9g ; 710 at 94 ; 312 at 9| ;871 at : j * 236 at 10. The business in Sea Island ha?mem* ed. but prices continue to recede; the sales an at 21; 16 at 22; 3.) at 23; 13 at 24 ; 12 at 23-’ at 24; Bat STATEMENT OF COTTON, Upl’ds. b Stoc k on hrnd, Ist Oct. 1 Received this week, 741,5 4. do. previously 461*9 » 55417 14. Exported this week, 9396 434 Do. previously, 31578 363 40974 7- Stock on hand, including all on ship- * board not eicaied on 10th in«t. 144i’3 6: Receipts ol Cotton at the fol owing places sic October Ist. !839 1»38 Georgia. January 10, 5.j204 83443 South < arolina, January- 3, 836 j 2 674# 'iobile. December 2is, 25649 6M 0 New . rleans, uecembei 28, 3U3-.93 1j7.,0? a Florida, December 9, 3037 4fih 2 No. th Carolina, December 14, 1502 1-43 I Virginia, December 4, 6uu(> 4J» * .... - , . 478877 3828.(5 1 he following is a statement of the stock of Ct ton on liacd at the iespe live p.aces named. Savannah, January 10, 15u 7 4 2074! South Caro,lira, January 3, 21 176 13565 Motile, December 28, 17461 44^3’ New Orleans, Le ember 28, 137910 7 J7I Virginia, Decemoe. 4. \ Dy)O , 60( Nortiicaio uia,December 14, 1000 Uoi Augusta & Hamburg, Dec. J, 25000 266! Macon, January I, 30148 17.ait Florida, Ife ember 9, 1.5i>0 vy Philadelphia, December 21, 333 0? • New York, December 6(HjO R e --'ince oar last there lias been a fair* m..nu .01 this artn le ; ihe saies amount!,. K to 13 ‘-alher lower prices, viz : 2m* at 23; wj.W h,in S "s3* ’'' “* **• Amy p ‘' ime s ™- 1 sa,! | Lorn Is retailing from ,tort at 70 aSO cts.» ! cording R qua ity. i Urocerte s.-ln ( office, Sugar, and Mo'aste^ fan retail business doing at all prices within tl rai ge of our quotations. { Hay.—Sales of 600 bundles on the wharf aD ] cts. Spirits.-—lxi domestic liquors, sa cs of Gin at ! a 00; N. K. Rum at 40; Whiskey 39 a 40. | Exchang*--Vn England, 9a 10 per ct. p*» i ax 11 " <W , Y ° at nominal; sda I Sl »ht, percent premium. ! .Wlif Liverpool, Jd; Havre, lj eer | New Yort, per bale. ♦ c- . Mobile, January 6 * o Li\° n ~* inc f our ,ast report we have receive I’jin bales;and shipped to Havre 1806, to Bos! 1,198, to Providence 440, and to New Orleans I "! a ir *7 **1 a • 3.459 bales; and leaving the stock r cleaied 18,041 bales. At the corresponding p^ 1 last 3 ear the total Receipts were 8 ,045 bales, 0 Export. 30,685, and the stock 54.416. A lively enquiry sprung up in the market eri-lT* the week, which established an advance, maintain ed duiing the week, of |r., and sales are g to have amou ted to about 5000 bales. The < causes of this improvement arc to be found in Q