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CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL. AUGUSTA. ~ TUESDAY MORNING JANUARY 14. w7bad .7ft. es. of Mails from the North l„t evening. They do not however, bring much new. Morton, the Democratic cand date or Governor of Massachusetts. it »« Balli * ,!i c,e< ' te<l by . majority of four rotes out of mu e than 600.009. cj ? Some individuals connected with the . c uy - m Bank fraud in Philadelphia, have pros Netting * much interest appears to be doing » in (ingress. In the Senate, Mr. Benton's reso lution. in relation to the currency are under dis cussion, and in the House, the New Jersey Elec tion ia again the theme of discussion. • (Tj* The lines on “P.H.D. ’by “ Anna, W received, and will appear to-morrow. 1 T .. “C<n sari.— The Washington Metropolis states that from the foundation of our government up to 1837, the coinage in this country has been I^s8 1,548. y Thpre was a rumor in Philadelphia cn Sunday the stb, that LeVis, the absconding :ashier, has “ been taken in Delaware county. Correspondence of the Baltimore A nericatl. Washington, January 7, 1840. no CSC OF REPRESENTATIVES., O SEW JETSET SEATS. This vexed question came before the House this morning, and with all the spirit ,ir-d temper which closed the discussion two wreck s since. Mr. Campbell, of 5k C. chairman ot the Com mittee of Elections, offered two resolutions, the first of which was that all the paper? relating to the case should be icfcrred to the Committee of Elections; and the second of which contempla ting the summoning ol the members, commission ed and claimants, wilhn view of allowing each party to participate in the investigation. Mr. Campbell stated his desire to lie io go into the merits of the case—to bring the whose subject before the Committee of Elections, and to allow all the member, whose seats were in dispute to take part in the investigation. Mr. Bell fo.lowed, and s dd he could relieve the House of this difficulty, by presenting the ques tion as a privileged one. Mr. Bel sa d that from *3the commencement of the season five members “from New Jersey had been here—-here within the bar. They had exerci ed the franking privilege and received stationary as other mem >ers had.— They had voted in the preliminary organization of the House, ami received books frou the Libra ry as other members had, and were members in view of their own acts. © Mi. Bell said, as he had made the question a privileged one. he should move, if in order, the following resolutions : Resolved, That Philemon Dickerson, Peter D. Win. R. Cooper, David U. Ryali and Jo /seph U. Kyle, who are in attendance claiming to be qualified ami to In* admitted to oh I and vot- m the House as Representatives from the Stale of New Jersey, are not and cannot be legally and constitutionally members of this hotly, until the regular returns or certificates of elecli m. granted to five other duly qualified persons, by the Gover nor and Council of said Stale, in the exercise of the authority vested in them by the laws of said Slate, passed in conformity with the Constitution of the United States, s»h dl have been net aside or adjudged void, upon due investigation made in the form and tu inner prescribed by the laws and usages of this House. Resolved, That the House have decided that John B. Aycrigg. Wm. Halsted, and the other three Whig inein!»ers should not be allowed to have their seats upon the floor until the House decided upon their claims. The third resolution instructed the Speaker to 9 inform iht Governor of New Jersey ot what had been done here, and the reason why the State was not represented. The debate, after Mr. Bell presented his reso lutions, became general, and several members took part in the discussion. Mr. Bell defended and explained his resolutions and commented upon the irregularity of the pro ceedings. Mr. Adams said the Speaker was bound to no tify the Governor ot the Stare of New Jersey of the condition of things in regard to the contested seats. Now,’ Jersey should know, t v mally and officially, how she had been treated here iii this House and by this House—how her sovereignty had been trampled under foot and her rights dis reganjjpd. Mr. Fillmore made some remarks upon the merits of the question, and contended that it the view* of the chairman of the committee on elec tions 5 were carried out, the State of New Jersey would be without a representation until June next. Tne committee oa elections, ho had ho ped. would make a brief *port on the important question whether or not the commissii ned mem bers should have their seals until time was given to go into the merits of. the whole case. After some remarks from Mr. V anderpoel, Mr. Johnson, of Md. and others, a question of order was raised as to the resolutions before the House. The end of it was a motion to suspend the rules of the House, which was carried, 182 to 23. Mr. Campbell’s resolu.ions were now tu order, and Mr. Bell brought his forward as tu amend ment to them. Mr. 801 l spoke at leng’h. and was followed by Mr. Duncan, ot Ohio, who will continue his speech begun aometirae ago upon the merits of the New Jersey controversy. tsi r El* STATES SENATE. The Senate entered upon their usual business of receiving memorials, reports and rest Unions. Mr. Renton's resolutions, which occupied the Senate yesterday, were called up on motion of Mr. Lumpkin, who has introduced a substitute for the resolution* ot Mr. Benton which he wish es modified. Mr. Grundy was not altogether satisfied with the resolutions, and therefore moved their refer ence to a Select Committee of se*en members. Mr. Preston, of S. C. spoke upon tht moms of the resolutions. In principle he was not much opposed to the doctrines they advance, but he thought their introduction unnecessary and im proper. As n<* such proposition bad l»een intro duced as the resolutions opposed, there was no reason for hurrying them forward. Mr. Preston, in concluding his remarks, moved that they be laid upon the table. Mr. Clay, ot Als. demanded the yeas and nays, whi- h being ordered, the result was as follows : Yeas, Messrs. Betu. . lay, of Ky. Clayton, Crittenden. Dixon, Davis, Henderson, Merrick, Prentiss, Preston Rugbies. S „iih ofln i., outh •rd. Spence. White of Ind., White of Tennessee l6. Nays, Messrs. Bent m. Brow isl Buch anan, Calhoun, Clay of .Via., Fulton Grundy, Hubbard, King. Linn, Lump,in, NichoU. Nor vell. Roane, R »bms<m Sevier, Smith of Conn Strange, Tappan, Walker, Wail, William,’ Wright, Young—2s. After the adoption of several resolutions, call inf upon the Standing Committees and the sev. m oral departments Ut information, the Houae p ceeded to the orders of the day. [One o t e re * solutions adopted . ailed upon the Secretary o the Treasury to ask the Governors of all the States in the Union for a copy of all their Mate Reports upon the subject of Geology and Miner alogy. Another resolution adopted, called tor information as to the expediency of placing Steam Cutters in the Gulf of Mexico, on the At lantic, and on Ease Erie.] ARMED OCCUPATION OF FLORIDA. Mr. Benton called up the bill for the armed oc cupation of Flora,a. Mr. Benton spoke at lengt in defence of the mil. Mr. Tappen made some very strong remarks in j reply to Mr. Benlon. He did not think the rnea ' sure introduced the best to be supported by ’on 1 gress, and ha could not, therefore, vote tor the i bill. Tiie cases cited by Mr. Benton, affording a I similar case of th? necessity and sullcnng, were not alike. That of the Israelites in the Holy Land was different- Mr. T. said he should be glad to see the p an adopted which was success , ful in the settlement of New England. Such a plan w’as not impracticable, and it could be adopt ed, and e nigr-anis could meet there and defend .hemsel es by themselves. Mr. Prestun followed in the debate. He de clared that the General Government bad sham fully abandoned its duty to flonda. It the Ex ecutive had done his duty, and the head ot the VVar Department had done his duty, the case wmuld have l>een different from what it has been. The conduct of the Government has been dila tory in the extreme, and the sufferings, ravages and bloodshed proportioned. Flo ida has cost the Government an immense sum of money.— An immense sum had been paid tor the original purchase and an immense treas re poured out. Mr. P. believed ihat the bill was wholly ineffi cient, and wou d fail to accompl.sh its purpo ses. The Senate adjourned after Mr. Preston had finished tbs remarks, and after some unimportant informal business, Washington, Jan. 8, 1840. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Th« Appropriation bill, in part, for 1839 and 1840, pissed both Houses yesterday, making an appropriation of 5)400 000 for the Congressional serv.ee of the Go eminent. THE MAILS AND POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Mr. Cooper, of Pa. asked leave of the House to offers resolution calling upon the Post Master General lor info matim in relation to the new mail route from Baltimore to Philadelphia. The resolution called for informal! u as to time and pay and reasonsof c lange. Also tor information as to tho conduct of a clerk or agent of the Post Office Department in relation to the letter mail, which, l is alleged, was earned on the Philadel phia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad. ; Mr. C «oper wished to suspend the rules, but r,Mr. Duncan, who was entitled to the floor, re -fused to yield. NEW JEHSET SEATS. Mr. Duncan said that those wno occupied seats upon this floor. t..e five Whig members, were u-urpers. He asserted this, he said, in his place, and held himself reeponsihle for it before the wo.ld. Mr. Duncan has hid the floor through the day without interruption, except when called to order by the Speaker for irrelevant remarks. Mr. D. concluded his remarks, and Mr. Bolts, of Va. has the floor to-morrow. On motion of Mr. Johnson, of Md., the Na tional Foundry subject was brought beiore the House. He wished it referred to a Select Com mittee again. Mr. Potts would not yield the floor, and the motion was not sustained. On motien of Mr. Tu ney, the different por tions of the Presidents Message were referred to the several Standing Committees. ARMED OCCUPATION OF FLORIDA. This bill, from the Committee on Military Af fairs, was the order of ihe day. and it was called up on the motion of Mr. Clay of Ala., who was entitled to the fl *or. Mr. Clay’s speech was de signed as a reply t:o the remarks of Mr. Preston, and as a defence of the con luct of the general government in its military operations in Florida and the Cree. country. Mr. C. thought that Mr. Preston had reflected somewhat upon the conduct of Gen Jessup. Gen. Jessup, he said, was ready to have his conduct investigated by Court Martial or ly Committee of the Senile.— He was a brave officer, and he felt bo-md to de fend him. It there was ground of censure, Mr. Clay said it did not fall upon the Administration nor upon Gen. Jcsup, but, as Mr. Clay seemed to intimate, upon Gen Scott. There was no in efficiency, he also contended, on the part of the War Department nor of the Executive. Both, he thought, were without censure. Mr. Clay enlarged upon the character of the hill before the Senate, He believed it the cheap est remedy for the settlement of difficulties which could he adopted, and altogether the safest. He also defended the character of the Alabama citi zen soldiers, who had been called by Gen Scott and others into service. Many of the citizens of his State were as brave as tho-e who conquered the Indians originally in Tennes-ee and Ken lucky. Many of them, he thought, would avail therß selves of the provisions of the bill before the Senate. After Mr. Clay had concluded. Mr. Benton proposed a verbal amendment, which was adopt, d. The bill was then ordered to a third reading. From the National Intelligencer. January 9th. NEW JERSEY CONTESTED ELECTION. Tins being the first business in order, Mr. Bolts, of Virginia, who was entitled to the floor] wa» pio ceiling to address tue House; when Mr. Hoffman rose and said that it would be re collected that the report of ihe Committee on the Roles had been made the special order f r Um J,y at one o'clock. He understood that the rules hid only been now printed, and that a proposi tion was about to I e made to «xtend the lime uu t I tom *rrow. He gave nance that atone o clock, he shou d m »vc the special orde . He made this statement out ot co inesy to the gentleman from V'irg uia, m order that, it there was an intention to move a further t \tension of the time, the gen tleman might take us selection either to have the m.mon disposed o before he commenced his re marks. or to proceed with them until the hour ol one had arrived. The rult s and orders vvouid ex piie to-morrow’. Mr. Bolls having indicated his wish now to proceed, addressed the House at great length on the subject of the contested election generally. [At halt past one Mr. Hoffman called up the special order above leferred to. and, on motien of Mr. Cave Johnson, the consideration oftne report of the committee was postponed until Tuesday next; was made the special o.der for that dav, a. one o’clock; and tho present rules were ordered to be on turned in force until Thursday next.] i | Mr, Botts having concluded his speech— Mr. Randolph, of New Jersey, addressed the ' Chair, when Mr. Monroe, of N. Y.. claimed the floor, inas- i much as Mr. R. '.a Upok n repeatedly before. The Chair reminded Mr. that though Mr. i Ra idolph had repeatedly addressed the House on the general subject yet it had nut been on the present resolution. Mr. Undolph insisting on h s right to the fl oor he wsa permirt.NJ to proceed, and went into a de 1 tailed history ol the entire N. J. jng d cumeu-s and calling tor the reading or a ffiJ a vita, until past 4 o’clo k, when a m .lion was made t • a Ijour.i, a id negatived by } eas and nay.- \ eas 64, nays 104. 3 After more affidavits bad been read, the motion was renewed, and again lost: \eas 58, nay* 78. . The reading having been resumed, and mucn uneasiness being manifested, Mr. R. himself moved to adjourn, and the motion was at length carried ; Yeas 67, nays 58. So the House,, at near 5 o’clock, adjourned. » ■ l' # * Correspondence of the National Intelligencer. i\tw York, Jan. 8. The packe* .-hip lowa, from Ha'-re, December 8. furuisnesus with Paris papers ot the 7th. Ai. t France is in a ferment over the news trom Africa which a telegraphic despatch was reporting to be j worse. The spirit of tne nation is up. and offi . cer and soldier tire panting to cross the Mediter ranean to meet the forces of Abdel el Kader and his Arab crew. These Arabs are quite as trou t blesome,arid quite us < ostly, as ou Seminoles. * They w r ont stay defeated; and when liiey appear r most pul down, of a sudden they most put them , selves up. The reinforcements are moved for , w*ard with alt speed. Nothing else is talked of i hut the war. . 1 Tile nows furnished by this arrival, though j three days later from Paris, presents nothing re markable. Lyons is in a suffering condition, and , the reaction of American misfortunes has been . great upm the manufacturing establishments . there. Bankruptcies are common, indeed, thro’- . out Franee. . From the East the dates are later. The younger Ibrahim has obtained a splendid victory over the Imam of Jabsob. Ibrahim is a son ot , Mehemet Ah. T.ds pushes the power of Ali to t ward the English possession of Aden. The . Turkish charter created a great sensation at Al [ exandria. I'he dates are also latter from unhappy Spain. . The Capitol is quiet. Tiiere is nothing from the , army. The reduction of postage upon letters, which j has commenced in England, is likely to he smitat t ed on the Continent. Prussia and Austria are both meditating an adoption of the English plan. « The cotton market was flat at Havre, and there was a s ight decline since the last weekly report by the last arrivals. I The Evening Post to-day publishes a letter 1 from Boston, which declares that the Committee 1 of the Legislature have counted the votes for Governor, and iouud Mr. Morton* to he elected by a rn.ij »rily of four. Os course the Globe will . rejoice ove, this, avowed Abolitionist though . Governor .VI on ton* be. , Stocks are down to-day again—a fancy move i ment. Exchange on London varies from 107 | to 108;$, which is obtained for prime bills. This , i- s under the par of exchanges, and shows a sale slate of things as to importations, orders, &c. Franklin District.—lt was reported yms terday, that the official returns of the election in the Sixth Congressional District have been ex amined by the Governor and Council, and that Mr. Baker is chosen. It is said that the votes of the town of Levcrelt were rejected for illegality, in Levere?t there were 35 votes for Baker, 4d mr Dickinson, and 23 scattering— Boston Dailt/ Advertiser. Correspondence of the Philadelphia North American New York. Jan. 6. 3 e. m. I do not find that the news has influx need any thing but storks. There lias in this department been a general advance, anti United States Bank, shares have been more liberally treated than any other stocks, and have advanced to 84, being 5£ per cent above the price on Saturday. Flour and Cotton remain without alteration. The general impression respecting the news is that it is favo rable, especially in regard to money affairs, tho’ money was still very scarce in England. Confi dence is returning in Europe towards American securities; and we shall very soon, I prophecy, have more credit in Europe than we ever had. There will he no difficulty about o ir States getting terribly in debt, if they have a mind to do so. But I hope the check they have now re ceived will at least set them to chinking. Ex change, both foreign and domeslis, I quote as at the close of last week. Correspondence of the U. S. Gazette. New York, Monday, p, m. All stocks have materially improved to-day. U. S. Bank shares have advanced 4£ a 5 per ct. This is in consequence of the English new,; re ceived yesterday, which is considered to be «.’eci dedly favorable to the Bank and to Ameri can stocks generally. Some sales of Sterling Kills were made to . lay,, at 8 a Ihe prin ipa I business, however, was done at B}. Nothing occurred intiaucs; the quotation of them is 5f 27| a 25. Domestic exchanges are rather of dull de mand. but no change in rates. Money is rather easier, hut the price paid for its use is still at .out the same. Though we had a very full attendance on change, little business was actually transacted. There prevailed however a good deal of anit na *i and merchandize was much enquired after. Flour is held at a shilling advance. John \ aughan, Esq. of Philadelphia, on the Ist nst. resigned the various Vice Consulships held by him for a very long period. Sweden and Norway, Portugal, Austria, and Braz I, were all represented in that city by Mr. Vaughan. Ri,ch ard Seldner, E*q. has been appointed Vice U on su! of Sweden and Norway. John Devere ux, Esq. the same for Brazil; and Daniel J. I »es m<md. Esq. has received the appointment of C on solar Agent for Portugal, and will exercise the functions of Vice Consul for that Governin' ml. We shall notify the appointment of the Austri an Consular Agent in a few days.- Ratio nul razette. From the Belfast (Irish J Norttun n Whig. United States Banks. CAUSE AND EFFECT OF TUEIH SUSPENSION* OF SPECIE PAT.HENTS. W e turn to the general question involved in tne suspension of specie payments by me Uu iud ■Ma es Bank, and ot.ier Banks in me Uu ited states. 1 ire failure ot mis or that Bank, wh. ;l h. er in the United Stales or in this country, rum o u s as it may »e, is but as dust in me balance, conn ur ed wita the great question of the currency— the mode ot regulating me circulating medium- -on tiie etabusiimeni, untrue principles, ot wh.ich dep- mis the well-being of every man engaget 1 in mercantile or monetary oj*jralioii. in both c. >un incs. W e shall enter no farther on this p, m it at present, than indirect attention to me tact in it me general failure, so far as it may be call. >d a failure, ot the Banks in the United States, has been tue result ot the same cause wind has on e.ated to the embarrassment of financial affairs in this country,—namely, the impossib.ln v of i representing u s monetary and trading Inn/sac i turns in bullion. I u liud ’ ,n the account of the United States ! Bank s assets, an item ot 4tlo,otC/ sterling m i s P ec,e; a sum mitvrabiy inadequate to repre’em | even as notes and deposits; and yet, O o one We will venture to sav, wih affirm, that, because mis Bank possesses only this small amount in SU «. CIP »i is. theretore. insolvent: its insolvency ,f i* veney it should prove to Ire, is attributable to otn er causes. But it is a fact, notorious, that it is in consequence pt the want of gold, by the Bank of England, ot Us endeavors to get ;t, an j o*- 0 *- measures to cause its return to this country ° that the general American distress has been nia nlv occasioned. It is telt.« n viewimr L,„u.d Suites Bank. u ver that it needed tor the carrying on O “Us affairs. i but some representative of the values which it possessed. It is to this point that we are desir ous of directing the reader’s attention; namely, that, admitting ail the assets, excepting the single item of specie, avail them nothing in their pres ent difficulty, inasmuch, as in attempting to turn them into money, they find that the law of the land has prescribed, that there shall be only one sort of money, metallic money, to represent all the values, and all the monetary and trading transclions of the United States; and which amount of metallic money, when the necessity i arises, is insufficient to represent a hundredth part of such values and transactions. And here we have to speak of the effect of the proceedings ot the Bank of England on the convertible value of American properly. The Bank ot England, as is well known, has been compelled, by us obliga tion, to pay its notes, on demand, in gold, to lake measuies for preventing the egress of gold, and for facilitating its importation. Witii this view, it ha» successively struck at different interests, accordingly as it considered that their proceedings were influential, in causing gold to leave this country, or to prevent its return. In their turn, the American trade and properties have been thus put down. It vvas found by the Bank, that its bullion was flowing away in the direction ol the United States; to throw difficulties in the way ot this proceeding, was the endeavor, therefore, of the Bank of England, not tnat the American se curities were bad, or, that they were not fully worth the money that they took away but be cause they took away the gold money, and the Bank of England, that had nut sufficient ol this gold money to represent value lor its own opera tions, could not spare any to the Americans. By the measures which the Bank ot England was obliged to take, to secure itself, the amount ot the circulation generally was lessened, and the American produce and property were considera bly depreciated. The effect was this: either American securities and produce were not bought at a 11, or less was given for them; and, in the lat* ter c ase, less being given for them, it was more profitable to pay them in English produce, than with English gold ; so. that, to such extent, the gold was kept in this country. We shall present ly have to speak of the effect of this g neral de preciation of American property, as affecting the payment of their debt in this country ; at pres ent, we wish t* confine our attention to the con sequences which result from our present system of currency, which, from time to time, renders it necessary to lessen the amount of the circulating medium ; and suddenly, arbitrarily, and unjustly to depreciate the value of every man’s property, and to render it more or less difficult, and often i up issil le, to proi ure m -ney to rep esent it. We have shewn, taen, that the deprec alion ol American property has been caused, mainly, il not entirely, by the impossibility which exists in America, to represent their property in a metallic money :—the property exists —there is no doubt of that; buttheie is a want of metallic money to represent it ; —a..d we have shewn, also, that the want of metallic money in America has been mainly, if n t entirely, produced by the opera tions of the Bank of England, which has been al so in want of metallic money ; and winch, being the stronger bodv.has drained the weaker one of its gold and silver. 8o that it appears, that the obstinacy of both countries, in persevering in tins system of currency, which occasionally requires more than all the metallic money ol the woild to rapresent it, is at the bottom of the mischief. Thus, there is a continual struggle going on in this country, and in America, between the indus try and energy of their inhabitants,—die struggle of production; and ti e creat.on of wea th, against the monetary system of both countries, which is continually beating down this industry and ener gy, and preventing the creation of wealth, by its arbitrary restrictions. England manufactures, and America produces; this, the rcsu.t of labour, constitutes wealth to either nation, as tne popula tion increases, and as the wants ol the population increase, there is the opportunity for further man ufacture and further production ; but if, in each country, there is enacted an arbitra.y Ijw, that the values of the interchange ot such manufacture or p eduction sha I always be representable in a particular sort of money, which does not increase in the same proportion, one of two things must take place: either such manutactures or produc tions must be limited to the amount of money which exists to represent their interchange; or manufactures and productions, being continually increased by the demands for them of the increas ing populations, their values in their interchan ges must be deranged, as often as the necessity occurs, —no matter from what causes, —of repre senting diem by this limited amount ol metallic money. And such, precisely, istheeffect, period ically ; —such has been the effect, in the present instance, of the embarrassment of the American currency The “law money,” the metallic mon ey, is wanted ; it is not procurable, because it does not exist; —but the law is peremptory, and will have property repiesented by mis limited sort of money; property, therefore, falls in value ; in value, as it is called, but, as we contend, in the “law” money value only : its real value remains the same, but the effect on the h dders of the pro perty, whose business operations compel them to exchange for as much of the small amount of gold money as they can procure, is the loss and ruin which we observe taking place around us.—Hoi ding these opinions, we must say. that, applying them to the case of the Banks in the United States, we think their abandonment of the attempt to pay their debts in a metallic money, win !i is not pro curable, is the best step they could take, under the circumstances. Had they persisted in the endeavour to pay in metallic money, they would only have increased their difficulties, and added to their losses; and its effect would have been, generally, on America, most ruinous ; for the consequence of such an attempt would have been to cause all American goods to fall to almost noth ing; and the balance being against America, in favour of this country—that is to say, America being in debt to this country, which she must pay by her produce—the result would have been that she would have paid to her English creditors goods, at a low price, which she had contracted at a high price ; and would thereby ha epaid her debt two or tnree times over, in proportion to the depreciation of her produce. This would !. ive been manifestly a cruel and glaring injustice to the Americans; for viewing the case between the two nations as between two individuals it would be as if the creditor who had lent his mon ey on the security of property estimated at a cer tain value, were, by his combinations, to cause that property to be depreciated to half its value, and so take double the property in satisfaction of his debt. Such woulo now be the injustice inflic ted on America, had she submitted to pay her debt at its appreciation in a metallic money value, in this time ot metallic money scarcity. In fact she would have to pay two hales of cotton instead ot one. or some such proportion. This we say would be an injustice inflated on America which we arc quite sure is neither nationally nor indi vidually desired. By the suspension of specie payments, the values of all sorts of property in America, u iff be supported, and her merchants w,ll he the belter able, and moie quickly to dis charge their debt to this country. VVe will add that, had the Bank ot England been able to take this step some months ago, most of the embarrass ment which has taken place throughout Euione in consequence of the measures of the Bank of England, to keep g.dd in this country, would have been prevented. With respect to ,he cau ses which have led to the general embarrassment of the monetary operations of the United States as well as of this country, we have endeavoured to shew, that the same cause has produced the same effects in both countries; and. if wc succeed Jn rmiing the public attention to an evil whir i« constantly at wo.k, from the action of which no < man is safe, which is continually disturbing and deranging all the calculations of trade an torn merce, and which, in the present instance, has nearly led to a national bankruptcy both in Eng land and in America—a national bankruptcy m the two principal commercial nations in the world, abounding in existing wealth, and in the means of indefinitely increasing it—we shall con sider, that we have not offered the present obser vations in vain. Our object is, to excite inquiry in*o the practical worthing ot our present system of currency. When tha: object ts effected, we have no doubt of the result, and our path will be straight and smooth before us.— Conr.tr. Frigate L* mixed States.—We have before cj stated that this frig te, after having been out at the Charlestown navy yard for a three years'voyage, at an expense of >.82.000, ha. been condemned at New \ork as unfit to go to sea. It appears from a statement in the Evening Post that on her arrival at the latter port, Com. Hidgely called a survey upon her guns and shot. It was found that her shot were so ancient and from rust reduced in size that hardly a iy of them fitted the cannon for which th ?y were intended, while from the same reason the bores and touch holes of the cannon propo tionably enlarged. In short, a great part of the battery was reported un serviceable. Upon further examination her tran som and apron, the two most important parts of the ship, upon which the wales an i bottom planks, in other words the most important part * of the ship’s frame are secured, turn out to be rotten. A second survey upon the ship is called, and it is pretfy well understood that their report has condemned the whole vessel as unseaworthy. Frovi the Georgia Journal. Legislative Sketches. — Continued. 2d January, 1840. Dear ;—ln our last, we gave you some hasty sketches of the most conspicuous debit* ants in the House of Representatives, We now ful fil our promise by extending our notice to the Senate Chamber. The Senate has lost greatly in strength since the winter of ’h7. It then com prehended a large number of talented men, titan during any year within our recollection. There are, however, some ew men in this body now, who would have done honor to tt at any period of its history. Beginning alphabetically, the first Senator whom we will notice, is Mr. Alexander, of Merriwether. —With a very partial acquaintance with this gentleman, we have not been enabled to mark the peculiari ties of his mind as we could have wished. Very modest—very unpretending—he rarely takes tne floor; —whenever he does, he secures tne atten tion of the Senate, by the solidity ot his malt, r, and the perspicuity w.th which it is stated. We cannot class him with eloquent men. but be is entitled to a high rank among the cool, calm and reflecting. There is nothing dazzling aoout him, { but every thing to command our respect. Mu. Billups, of Oglethorpe.— Were a strang er, somewhat of a physiognomist, to cast his eyes from the gallery down upon the uncovered members of the Senate, with a view, conjectu rally, to fix upon the most distinguish d, we ven ture the belief that they would finally rest upon tins gentleman. We love to look upon his high, lieeding forehead, as delicate and as while as those preparations of wax which we have occa sionally seen in an anatomical room. We gaze upon his large, lustrous, black eyes, so beautiful when the depdis of the heart are not stirred up by the storm of excitement, with a so.t of wond er—and ask ourselves, it enkindled with passion, Would they no* burr; witn their bright flashes all that they might tad upon. His face is striking— something Cassius like, and pale with thought. He speaks but seldom. Day after day have we lounged into he lobby and gallery of the Senate with the hope to find him on his feet, and almost always have we returned disappointed to the oth er ball. We have known Air. Billups’ powers for many years. We remember him whilst in Franklin College. and have never forgotten the impressions which his oratory then made upon us. We then formed high expectations of the brilliant career he was to run. We have been disappointed; he is not what he should have been, but it is easily solved. He is a man of wealth, and without ambition. When wt look upon him, we feel disposed to curse wealth as an evil, (though, by the bye, it is the very thing for which we are now toiling,)—wealth that ‘ one is heir to.” Mr. B. is not yet in the meridian of life. With years, many years, before senility shall have dimmed the faculties of his mind, we hope to see him yet forced by the public vofee from that retirement in which lie has hid away the tal ent commuted to his care. As a speaker, he is by lar the most accomplished on the Senate floor. Though somewhat accustomed to hearing un moved public speaking, we have been burned along by Mr. B. nil we found ourselves without our reason, acting, or ready to act by impulse, under the influence ofthe emotions which he has awakened. We should ear ourselves, were we a judge, and he an advocate addressing us in s.nne ot those deeply interesting cases which are oilen to be found in our hails of justice. VV hat an eloquent advocate he would have made for a plainlif) in a crim. co'i. case ! Dh. Bhanh.*m, of Putnam.— Phis gentleman is extensively known to the people of Georgia. days long past, he acquired a reputation for po litical intrigue, which has adhered to him |,ke the shirt ot Nessus. Had the Doctor been bred to the law, and his strong natural faculties in vigorated by its searching analysis, he would have been a prodigy for subtilty. He has been long on the poliical stage; and we are disposed to think bis hypoi hondriacism, if not ill health, will ere long lead him to abandon it. Mr. Gordon, of « hatham, is a very remarka able man. In person, especially about the head he hears a striking resemblance to Mr. Johu C\ Calhoun. V\ hen we say remarkable, we do not speak of any preeminence in mental endowments, but in those trails ot character, winch strike the most cursory observer. With agood,discri„.ina t ng mind and a clear judgment, we cannot, how e> e. view htm as an interesting speai er—he is bv no means fluent—has a bad voice, and a very de fecitve elocution. His only care and ambition . s to make himself understood. His perseverance *■* a « indomitable character—be is neither to be disheartened nor dele red by a failure in any thing he attempts. He renews his efforts a min and again, as it he was convinced that he could wear the marble *scpe cadendo. Decision charac tenzes every word, every act of this Senator.— I his virtue is in him pu hed to excess. So pro minenl is it, that with many it is termed down n-ht übs inacy. We consider hi n very deficient m tact, and infinitely below his immediate prede cessor from Chatham in that useful—we will not cal u art, but—science. Mr. G. is a very deci J.d parly man. If this were all, we culj ad .n.reh.m for being ae-bu, |, e is a bd.tr one With scarce a spice of liberality j„ hiaoppedU.m’ Now this is a fault it is a stain upon ihe repu- U "'“! of a "y S-'»"-man in that t.mts, since U,e ' S #f I ?r l!if,, ' a,i " n ar «even ■ in the region in whicli that volcano first poured s forth its eruptions. We could pardon ll,en hU ? ■eing ti.iun n,ad, as we have ever had no small I • or it. Ihe strifes and divisions of that era > <*u!d terminate. “Sufficient unto the day was •he evil the real.” Mr. G. has 100 elevated a p„. i -•lion in Georgia, to drudge in the ranks of fac tion, as it he were a mere party hack. What ad vance nent doth he look for ? *lf any, we would* •>eseech him to take to another ladder upon which to mount. We have ever had g.eat personal re ga d tor this gentleman. We sin-erely respect the many ’and sterling virtues of his chaiacter A e know too that he has the esteem of the en lightened and intelligent of the very p - which he separated, when that apple n n ! was thrown into the rank- of the “Id Tronic i ty. Identified wnn a magnificent Wori . p N. the very soul of it—it will be a proud m " ev h to his honor, and of incalculable adv a ' UUln that most beautiful of cities, oijf own 1 We would entreat him, fioni our State from our fervent attachment to the city thorpe—to adopt towards his political on 1 a line of conduct mutked by more coii ( -iii^° neri! * * He has to our knowledge made men , that great enterprise who might as easily f Io been made, without icj of ur ' IJVf its friends. Let Mr. G. review Ills ow u live experienced the last four years, and ! $ ory docs her office, she will arrayibpui) , ls a host of able men opposed to him by p- r ' r '* signation, the first and foremost to aid hi in ' ery important work, and when standing gi* and alone on his side of the Senate, vvi l( Bates, ami Dunnegans, and Cones, hold the" tre. to what quarter does he look for suffrage. But enough ; we hope our friajn don will amend his ways. * The Future. M. De Tocqueville, in “ Democracy in America,” speaks of t| Je j of the East and the West, in the following ner: s n ‘ J| ' “ rhere are, at the present time, two K r ea i lions in the world, which seem to tend tow tne same end, although they started from d? eut points; I allude to the Russians and A,i cans, bom of them have grown up unnotic* and while the attention of mankind was dir elsewhere, they have suddenly assumed a m prominent place among the nations- and t world learned tneir existence and then’ ‘ at a.most the same time. ie ‘ All other nations seem to have nearly reach, their natural limits, and only to be charged wi tne maailenance ol their power, but Siege - still in the act of growth ; ail the others a ? stopped, or continue to advance, with exi e difficulty ; these are proceeding wah ease J witu ceienty along a path to which the hm m eye can assign no rerun 'J’he American stru g.es against the narural obstacles which opui him ; the adversaues of tue Russian are men the former combats the wilderness and lue ; the latter, civilization, wun all the weapon and its arts; the conquests of the one are, there lore, gamed by the ploughshare, tho. e of th omer, by the swo.d. Tne Anglo American rein on ms personal interest to accomplish tiu e.d and g,ves tree scope to the ungmded exerti, and common sense of citizens; theßussian cn tres ad the aathorily of society mb single arm the principal instrument ot me former is f rrt / d 0... ot the latter, servitude. Their slart/n point is different, and thei courses are not ihl same; yet each ot them seems to be marked ow u ‘ sWJ >' ,he d — - Mu. Van Buhkx ax,. \f H . Adams.—Extra of a letter dated Washington. Dec. 28. [ Ca jJ to day to pay my respects to the President i found him cas I hope I may he allow, d wahnt indecorum or impropriety, to mention my visit U» be “111 good health and spirits.” *|,.| , a,.' little older than when I saw him last, and* face is rather more turrowed and care worn k he still wears “the everlasting s n lefor whe he is famous, and which, in my opinion, doa not add dignity or openness m his couulenaim* He conversed atfibly and pleasantly, but wn weariness and caution. 1 found one of his n e» Nulhtymg friend* with him, and left the saw friend still lingering behind, when I departed, walked through some of the rooms in the Pro dent’s House. They are most m .gnifi. emlr •uriushed. lam told that the carpets, curta.iii ami mirrors, in the East room, now, arc wurti more than all the furniture that was in tne wh.lt house when John Q. Adams was President And yet Mr Adams was a spendthrift, arista n,:: 1 ; 1 Mr - Vail Burcn “•» A Perfect Madman!—A man has been confined m the Philadelphia Asylum fortheln sane, tor picking a printer’s pocket! He mu have been bereft of his senses, to undertake i rob a printer. Grigin Slander.— Mother Ja s per toli me that she heard Great wood's wife sav (ha: John Smith s aunt mentioned to her tha't .Mr Lusty was present when the widow Barkmu said that Her tail’s cousin thought Ensign Do* l.llle s sister believed that old Miss Oxley reckon ed that seam J rifle’s better half had told Mr. Spaulding that she heard John Rheumer’s w man say that Mrs. Genden had two husbands! Beau Brummell.— lt will be matter of new to many persons to hear that itiis “orn-e c, leant ed person, the arb ter eleganttarum of George IN..when Prince of Wales, and the glas s ir winch the youth—tl, at is the fasiiinable youth o England, did (in t.mse limes,; dress themselves, is now in a place set apart lor those who lanor under mental derangement, at Caen, in Norman dy- the admit ed of all admirers is existing od • he almost extorted benevolence-of relations, sni tlie contr.b lions ot old friends. The wl.olt amount of Ins income is scarcely £10(1 a yeat.- Poor George ! How differently must his luxu nes be now to what they once were * £I(Ui year tor one who began life with a good fortune, “ ’ h expectations, great connections, and prince ly peonage! The ruling passion reigns tri umphant even in the walls of a mid-house. Beau Drummed st.ll imagines Jiimsell a fine gentle man and assumes all the airs and importance i n.s oy-gone popularity and g.,(Hi lorlunc.- Amongst other teals he rings 1.,e bell of his soliu ry apartment continually. i'h e keeper, who wilt great humanity humors h; s insanity, asks whU light ot other days; -I must go directly to Car 1 ton House to see the Prince.” consignees pec .-south Carolina Rail Road Hamburg, January 13, IS4O. J. G. Dunlap; J. VV. Houghton; Clark Kart. & Co.; A. Dan tort li; llrochon & H. ; l’ Dvvellt ha,- e evt-0., A. Frederick; VN .M. Frazer, Kee bea!., VV J. , ,n,e,,„ VV. &J. Nel su „. ~’s , '* W. roice, J. Davidson; Movail, Simmons & Co Rankin Hoggs & Co ; I’. A. Kichacds; C. x Pla G. Alcuaughlin; VV t-.. Jackson; K. i, Cooke I & J. hnyder; D. Plunkett; J. Ushe ; »ulier » ooney; t,. Parrott; Anderson & i oung- J f net son; Dickson & Storr. g ’ J MAIiINK li\ l EIaLJGKJNCE. Audebon * | Gen Way..e, ‘ hi igs Savannah Shapter Bostor ral, hIZ: T’ ttavaija ’ tharle » Jys< py lal Summm rf sT ye : terJay Go D u!^ castle °i Vie 1 jhonia '> b.igs Helen, .Adams, W Aiowbridge, New erleiuJ V i K:.t) ‘ I l le.ired— Mnp James Perkins, Bisson, Havre baique Valhalla, ..ntwerp; brig Per.y y, nanuJu vnarks; schi Active,hrown,Galvesloi),( D int to sea yesterday— >lhp Cong.ess, luaP- Havre ; bi brig Fame, i.ulktme, V\ t.A indie.-; ** Acti e. Brow n. Brown, Galveston, i exas ] Bel w —ifrijt v.,aiilon, trur.i the ivo.th lu tue Offing —Nhip Camcda from j mks Island . I Br brig Wooa.ink ; and a French bug.