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H t —1 CHROMCLE AND SgNTlft EL. ~~l AUGUSTA. MONDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY|3. Out Reading Room. I Mas just been refitted and furnished will new lights, and will shortly be supplied, inaddlt'on to the newspapers, with tire leading periodi|».« this country and Europe; which we * render it worthy the patronage of our frit To render it an agreeable resort, wc sha strictly the rule est admitting nonebuUub* tljcrs, and those strangers whom they see t to duce. In endeavoring to afford * reading oom worthy of the city, we are induced by no ish or expectation to render rt a profitable busing, all we wish is to defray five expenses. We tlj wefore hope, that those who desire to avail thems; ves of iu privileges will readily enter their name upon our subscription book, which will be for id on the table in the room. “H.” will find in our columns to-day ab aidant excuse for the non-appearance of his r ply to “Anti-Humbugger,” in the space alread given to two communications on the same uhject, which were both on file before the receptioi of his. An interview is desired with “Anti-H mbug g*r” We are requested to call the attention |' build era to the extensive sale of lumber belonging to the estate of William Thompson, whici takes place to-morrow. The lumber is said to 1 e well selected and well seasoned. Congress.—Abolition Petition • Our dates from Washington are to t e 28th ult. Nothing of abeorbing interest has tn ispired in either House, except the adoption of t e reso lution of the Hon. William Cost Johnson for the rejection of Abolition Petitions, which wa passed on that day. Wa give below the resok ion as adopted, and the yeas and nays on its pa sage : Yeas. —Messrs. Alford, Andrews, A herton, Banks. Beirne, Black, Blackwell, Bolts Boyd, Aaron V. Brown, A. G. Brown, Burke. A r . O. Butler, S. H. Butler, Bynum. J. Campbe , Wm. B. Campbell, Carroll, Chapman, Coles, C -iquitt, Connor, M. A. Cooper, Crabb, Ciaig, C ockelt, Cross, John Davis. J. W. Davis, Garret Davis, Dawson,yeberry.Dennis, Dillet.Dromgoc j, Earl, Eastman, Fine, Fisher, Fornance, Jas. C irland, Rice Garland, Gerry. Gogging, Graham, J raves, Green, Griffin, Habersham, Hawkins, Hi ,of Va J. Hill, of N. C. Holleman, Holmes, I rpkins, Hubbard, Jameson, Jenifer, Joseph John on, W. C. Johnson, N. Jones, John W. femble, Leadbetter, Lewis, Lucas, McCarty, Mi Jlellan, McCulloch, McKay, Medill, Miller, M ntanya, Montgomery, Nisbet, Parish, Parris, etiikin, Pickens, Pope, Prentiss, Proffit, Ramsey, layner, Reynolds. Rhelt, Rives, James Rogers, f imuels, Shaw, Albert Smith, Stanly, Sleenrod, Strong, Sumter, Sweeny, Taliaferro,Taylor, Frar is Tho mas, P. F. Thomas, Waddy Thompsoi Jacob Thompson, Triplett, Turney, Warren, vVatter son, Weller, John White, Lewis Willi ns, Jo seph L. Williams, C.H. Williams, S. \ illiams, Wise, Worthington—ll 4. Nats.— Messrs. Adams, Judson Al n, John W. Allen, Hugh J. Anderson, Sim. H. A iderson, Baker, Barnard, Beatty, Bell, Biddl Bond. Brewster, Briggs, Brock way, Anson Brc rn, Cal houn, Carr, Casey, Chittenden, Clark, Clifford, James Cooper, Cranston, Crary, Curtis, 'ashing, Dana, Davee, E. Davies, Doan. Doig, uncan, Edwards, Ely, Evans, Everett, Fillmore Fletch er, Floyd, Gates,Gentry, Giddings, Gooi Gran ger, Grinnell, Hall. Hand, W. S. Has ngs, J. Hastings, Henry, Hoffman, Hook, Howai |. Hunt, Jackson, James, Charles Johnston, Kein Kemp shall, Lawrence. Leel, Leonard, Lincoln Lewell, Mallory, Marchand, Marvin, Mason, fitchell, Monroe, Morgan, S. W. Morris, Calvan Morris, Naylor, Newhard, Ogle, Osborne, Palen, armen ter, Payntcr, Peck, Randall, Randolph, tariden, Reed, Ridgway, Edward Rogers, Russell Salton stall, Sergeant, Siraonten, Slade, Join Smith, Tru. Smith, Starkweather,Storrs, Stuart Tilling hast, Toland, Trumbull, Underwood, Yander poel, D. D. Wagoner, P. J. Wagner, Yick, J. W. Williams, T, W. Williams, H. W hams— -108. So the House Resolved, That upon the presentalio of any memorial or petit on praying for the at* ition of slavervfcor slave traile in any District, ' erritory, or State of the Union, and upon the pre mtation of any resolution or other paper ioucl ng that subject, the reception of such memorial petition, resolution, or paper shall be considered as injected to, and the question of its reception shi I be laid on the table, without debate or furth< action thereon. Resolved, That no petition, memorial re solu tion. or other paper, praying for the abc lion of slavery in the District of Columbia, or s y State or Territory. or the slave trade between t e Stales or Territories ot the United States, in diich it now exists, shall be received by this Hoi e or en tertained in any way whatever. Correspondence of the National Intelh encer. New A’ork, J i. 27. No British Queen! The steam-shi] bothe r the printers almost as much as the P sident’s Message. William Johnson, the so-called Pits ?of the Lakes, has beea tried and convicted of breach of the neutrality laws of the U. S., and s utenced by the U. S. Court held at Albany, to o e year’s confinemel in the Albany jail, and to p y a fine of five doPars. Thu Sound is closed. The New Ha en l>oat attempting to get through on Satan y, was caught, in the ice. In the case of the Amistad.the Spani i Minis ter ha« made m appeal to the U. Circuit Court, objecting to the decision of tht District Court which surrenders the Africans.: id to the allowance of salvage. The subject el a general bankrupt iw con- attract ike attention of our pre i. This matter will soon be pressed upon Com ess with vigor. A reform in our Chancery Courts is :alked of in the Legislature, The New’ York hancery Court has substantially nullified the n< i-impris onment act for debt, by allowing on a reditor’s bill a yc exeat, in case a creditor swe rs he is fearful the debter intends Lo go out of le Slate. 1 he Message of the new Governor, •lortox, of Massachusetts, has reached us. [ t il Wnfoco ith in bank matters and corporations, a *] argues for a repM* of the License Law. Hisjandle is short though, and wi.J soon burn out. * Trade is excessively dull. The asl* n? prjce for flour is $6 50. Slocks have slightly advan C . ed to-day. U. S. Bank declined. I » For the Chronicle 4 Sentinel. f * Messrs. Editors —As “ AxTi-Htrstßcaoß* has made a sweeping Utack upon all Phrenolo- i .gists, and appears to be confident in the trut his positions, be would probably be willing to de bate the subject before a popular assembly. U so, a suitable room c«u be obtained, and I vvil promise him an answer to each of his lectures, on the same or succeeding evening. I do not wish to be regarded as an advocate o itinerant caput feelers, but I am willing to de fend the “science” of Phrenology against those who attack its claims to be ranked as such. If “ Axti-Hcmbccoer” will consent to the debate, he can leave his name with you, after which the necessary arrangements can be made. I am, respectfully yours, &c. A Phrenologist. For the Chronicle 4- SenVnel. Phrenology, No. II* — Continued. One would think a priori that no anatomist could ever become a believer in Phrenology, so irrisistible are the evidences of its fallacy which structure of the skull itself presents; espe cially when taken in connection with the endless variety in the thickness of the bones composing it, and the universal dissimilarity between the in ternal structure of those bones, in different by conformation, casualty, disease, and the artifi. cial means employed by many Pagan nations for modifying the shape of the head. And yet it is true that the founders and chief writers of the science have excelled many of their fellows as anatomists, and become believers in despite ot the palpable and insurmountable difficulties which anatomy has been ever forcing upon their atten tion. It is worthy of remark, however, that they have bestowed all their labor and ingenuity in search ing within the brain itself, for analogies and proofs of their theory, while most strangely and inconsistently they have overlooked the infantile separation of the several bones of the skull; their gradual growth and loony union; their firm and unyielding construction acquired by maturity, and the physical impossibilities which these sea. tures of the skull itself present, as an argumen. turn ad homincm , against all they have written. For it must be obvious, that after they have ex hausted all their labor and ingenuity in the dis section of the brain, and even on the absurd sup position, that they could demonstrate each indi j viduai organ by its separate and distinct forma* lion, and prove incontestibly the specific capacity of each ; still they would not gain an advance of a single step towards the establishment of the pretensions of their science, since the particular structure of the brain cannot be ascertained in any individual case until after death, when the deductions of the system could in no wise in crease our stock of practical knowledge, or, in the least, benefit the living. It is plain, then, tha* Phrenologists, while busying themselves in vain ly searching for evidences of their system in the brain itself, have not only been fruitlessly em ployed, but they have begun at the wrong end, and built their pyramid upon the apex. They have done nothing—they can do nothing which can commend their system, or gain confidence among the discerning, until the anatomy of the head, apart from that of the brain, shall be shown to favor their views, or at least, they must remove the physical impossibilities which the structure of the bony and soft parts constituting the covering of the brain so palpably throw in their way.— Let the uninitiated reader learn, that the human brain is entirely covered voithinthe skull by three distinct tunics or coats, which are called the dura* mater, the pia-mater, and the arachnoid coat, and . which separately interpose between the brain it- I self and the interior of the cranium. Let such then be informed, that the skull itself is composed of two tables or layers of bone, separated by a third or intermediate layer of cellular structure called the diplocc, and often by cavitives of great er or less extent, utterly unascertainablc during life; and that a membrane called the [ ericranium is superadded within and without; closely ad hering to the several bones. And let him stiil further be instructed in the fact, that outside of the skull, between the fingers of the Phrenologist ? ami the bumps he is retending to examine, there are muscles, or tencinous expansions of muscles, with all their accompanying membranes, blood vessels, and nerves, together with the cellular structure, and different coats of the skin consti tuting the hairy scalp, and they will have a glimpse at the physical impossibilities which ex. plode the dogmas of this humbug, however much of ingenuity, learning, and eloquence may be em ployed in its defence. The conclusion of any rational man who will | consider these premises, will be irresistible and irrefragable; that even on the supposition of the distinct and separate existence of the thirty-five organs in the structure of the brain, being visible and tangible on i ts surfaces, which is not pretend ed; and on the still further hypothesis that we were acquainted with the precise size and capa city of each of these organs with its appropriate function ; we should still be wholly in the dark in relation to any judgment we might form, during the life of the individual, because of the numer* ous intervening obstacles, and their ever varying thickness in different heads. For, had we all this knowledge, we must first scalp the individual, af ter the fashion of our aboriginal neighbors, and we should still find it necessary to remove the upper part of the scull; nor even then could we I learn the size or location of the organs until the intervening membranes were removed. And | should we thus operate upon a man, and expose *hc entire cerebrum to the vision of the Phreno logist, he would find, by comparing the elevations j 011 die surface of the brain, with the internal ta- I ble of the skull which covered it, that there was j no e ' l J ence or impression of the prominent or gans however long they might have been culti vated or exercised during life; and upon exam ining the skull he would discover, that the bumps on the external su face, would very often present a convexity instead of a concavity within . and still farther, that the elevation aud depressions upon the surface of the brain itself, in no one in stance correspond with those discoverable on the external superficies of the cranium. And yet in the face of such testimony of the senses, there are multitudes who adhere with the tenacity of a death grasp, to every jot and title of the new phi losophy, and popular delusion to render it an at tractive and profitable humbug. Men and women of reason and religion, who eschew fortune-telling, witchcraft, and astrology, will nevertheless, submit their own heads, and those of their sons and daughters, to these for tune-tellers, who itinerate through the country like other strolling mountebanks, for the purpose of living without labor, by practicing upon public gullibility. But not only does the anatomy of the skull thus present insuperable barriers to tha credibility of phrenology, but the structures of the brain itself, affords not the slightest authority for the arbitrary and ridiculous divisions into which the sect have consented to dissect it. €o far from these hypothetical “ organs ” being found to exist any where but in the prolific imagination of these visionaries, there are natural and actual divisions in the brain which are not only incon sistant with the artificial ones, which wholly ov erthrow the possibility of their existence. The multiplied and beautiful convolutions of the brain, and which are not only visible on its surface, but discernable throughout its entire structure by careful dissection, completely overthrow' the pos sibility of the existence of the pretended separate organ ; not only because each of these convolu . tions cross from one organ into another, of differ ent and even opposite functions; but they are of ten themselves divided, by the imaginary line which separates the one organ from the other; so that parts of the same convolution of the brain* must not only perform these various and essen tially different offices; but must be active in one portion, and inactive in another. And as the or gans are described to be of inverted conical or pyramidal form, the apex being at the medular oblongata, or the inferior portion of the cerebrum, aud radiating to the surface next the skull; it is plain that every organ must be formed, wholly irrespective of these convolutions; the lines which divided the one from the other passing longitudinally, transversely and diagonally through their successive layers. Not only so, but these imaginary lines must pass through the ventricles, the corpus callosum, the fornix, the pulpy and the fibrous portions in discriminately, so that each organ includes more or less of these intricate and delicate structures, and many of them are by the venticles cut asund. er in the middle. And as these ventricles contain fluid, we must suppose that there is an upper and lower part of some organs, separted by water or serum, the one from the other, so that they are not only double, but quadruple! Another conclusive fact in refutation of this wild scheme is seen in the essential difference there is in the convolutions of one hemisphere the brain, and those of the opposite side; al though the organ is located by the sect in precise ly the same relative position in each hemisphere. If such organs really exist on each side of the head, destined jointly to perform the same office, it would be indeed an anomoly in the animal econ omy, that they should be entirely dissimular in structure; for the variations between the opposite organs will exhibit such dissimilarity. In short, If Phrenology were in any sense entitled to be lief, in accordance with the economy of nature, the organs should all be double or none, while the science lays down a number of single organs* and others double ; and still worse, there is no provision in nature, as in other cases, far one of these to perform the function of the other when disabled ; and both have been removed by dis ease, and the function remained unimpaired ! The natural divisions of the brains into the cere brum, the cerebellum and the medulla oblonga ta, and the equally palpable difference between the cortical and medullary portions, together with the distinct variety of beautiful structures which lie in the base of the cerebrum, and all well de fined and cognizable by the anatomist. But the most powerful microscope has never revealed the existence of any one of the localities, or phreno logical “organs” so called, although probably millions of human brains have been dissected for the purpose of finding and establishing them And though such are the facts upon which alone the pretended science could be logically bassed, not one such has ever been furnished, although the party are even proclaiming that facts! facts ! facts ! are the foundation of the science. Anti-Hum bugger. Public Meeting. In conformity with the notice given, a large and respectable assemblage of citizens took place at the City Hall yesterday, for the purpose of affording an opportunity to Mr. Hesrt Shultz, the founder of Hamburg, to disclose the objects he had in view in reqesting such a meeting. The Mayor was called to the chair, and presided on the occasion, and, after Mr. Shultz had ad dressed the meeting, which he did at considerable length, shewing the necessity and importance of vigorous action on the part of Charleston to re tain the trade of Hamburg, on motion of Mr. Brisbane, seconded by several other gentlemen, it was ordered that a Committee of five be appoint ed, of whom the Chairman of the meeting should he one, and the other selected from the mercan tile and banking portions of the community, to take the subject matters submitted by Mr. S. into consideration, and to report to an adjourned meeting on Wednesday the 12th of Februarv next. Under this resolution the following gen tlemen have been appointed by the chair, viz: Hon. Thomas Bennett, Dr. Mendenhall, Hon. F. H. Elmore. James Rose and Tristram Tupper, Esqs. There being no further business, the meeting adjourned to the day above mentioned when the report of the Committee will be sulv milled.— Charleston Courier of Friday. Ohio Legislature. —ln the House of Rep. resentatives of Ohio, a resolution has been adoptl ed instructing the Committee on Banks and the Currency to report to the House a bill making it an offence .punishable by confinement in the Peniten tiary, for any length of time not exceeding sevea nor less than three years, for the directorsor offi cers of any Banking institution within the State* to issue, for circula ion within the State or else where, post notes or bills payable on time. The same committee were at the same time directed to inquire into the expediency of making all post notes previously issued, payable on demand in gold and silver, at the counters of the Banks is suing them. A resolution stating that slavery is an institu tion recognized by the constitution, was passed by a large majority-two only voting in the ne gative. Another resolution on the same sub ject declared that “the unlawful, unwise and un constitutional interference of the fanatical aboli tionists of the North with the domestic institu tions of the Southern Slates,” was highly crimi nal.—Baltimore American. Virginia Senator. From the Petersburg Statesman of the 31st ult., we extract the following item of news : No Senator Yet. —On Wednesday last, after an animated discussion of several hours, two un successful ballottings w’ere had for Senator to succeed Mr. Rives. Mr. Rives received 83 votes, Mr. Mason 80—Scattering 3. Every member of both Houses was present. Three gentlemen of the Lower House,styled Impracticables, (Messrs. Bayly of Accomac, Smith of Gloucester, and Crafford of Elizabeth City,) have the election in their hands, and if they adhere to the position they have taken, it is doubtful whether an elec tion will take place this winter. Fire in Wilmington.— The Delaware State f Journal of the 2t5 ult., announces the destruc * tion by fire, of the St. Andrews (Episcopal) Church, of that city, which was communicated | from heating the furnace. Sacred Chart. Mr. Benjamin D. Gullick has laid on our table I a Chart, which will shortly issue from the press of Messrs. Brown & McCaffcrty, of this city, | arranged chronologically, surveying a period of : 5844 years; in which are noted the prominent eras in Biblical history and the Church generally. To those who desire a work of this character* condensing as it does, so much historical infor mation on a single sheet, we cheerfully recom ; mend Mr. G.’s Chart. Exportations. —We perceive,in the English papers, the expression of an opinion that the abundant crops in this country, of cotton and grain, will tend to induce large orders from the manufacturing districts, and in Manchester the opinion appears to be generally prevalent. Without knowing, from direct inquiry, what the merchants of this country have resolved on, we think we may, with great safety, say tha l the orders, so far from increasing with the increase of crops, and the shipment of bread stuffs and cot ton, will diminish in almost an inverse ration.— We cannot say what the cupidity of the British may result in—they may send on their own ac -1 count large quantities of their goods, which have in vain waited for orders, but American mer chants have acquired from experience, the habit of looking around them for the facts, in relation to business and population, upon which they must found their expectation of demands. The stock of last year is unconsumed, and the supplying merchants hence, look fer s spring bu siness much smaller than usual. But, in addi tion to that, the consumption is greatly dimin -1 ished. The suspension of business on the public works, the canals, railroads, and in the mining distrets, cuts off the demand for imported mer chanize of almost every kind, i Millions and millions of dollars were formerly spent in the completion of railroads, turnpikes and canals, where this year the old silence of sol [. itude will reign, and the thousands of engineers, assistants, overseers, contractors, laborers, and their families, must content themselves with the supplies of raiment which former successful la bor ensured. All this, too, operates upon every kind of importation almo?4 as exclusively, and quite as directly as upon woollen and better fab s rics of England. Building must cease in a great ‘ measure, and labor be proportionally without de l inand. These, and the numerous other reasons v which will not be overlooked by a merchant of experience, must tend to limit, in a very impor tant degree, the orders of the regular American merchant; and the English manufacturer, or merchant who shall attempt to throw his goods into our market, with the causes to which we (have referred, will tend to make his shipment a losing adventure. We do not, by this, mean that there will be no business done in the approaching spring; on the contrary, we believe that there I W ‘ll be a late, limited, but sound, wholesome bu j siness, yet nothing to warrant shipments, to this country on British account. Nor has the pros pect induced the American merchant to send for ward orders of any considerable amount. Most assuredly do we believe that no order of any consequence has been founded on, or increased, by the amount of bread stuffs, which have been, or which are likely to be, sent from this country to Great Britain. — Phil. U. S. Gaz. 1 Kentucky Iron Mountain.—lt appears Missouri is not the only State which contains an Iron Mountain. Near Greenville, Kentucky, about thirteen miles from Green River, there is said to be a hill, the surface of which includes about 5000 acres, almost entirely composed of iron ore. A letter to the editors of the Louis ville Journal gives some account of this great mineral formation, the property of Messrs. Buck ner and Churchill, who have commenced mining operations and erected a furnace on the spot. The writer says : “ At the point where the enterprising owners have commenced mining, the stratum was at first about eight feet thick. It has rapidly increased to upwards of eighteen feet. The lower surface dips and the upper rises, the first about three inches, and the other over one inch to the hori zontal foot. Hence, after penetrating the hill sixty feet farther, the stratum of ore will be more than so ty feet in thickness; and near the sum mit of the hill will exceed several hundred feet. From the uniform dip of the lower and rise of the upper surface, there is every reason to believe that it increases to a vast thiekness. That the top of the stratum preserves an angle elevation equal to that of the hill, is, for a considerable distance very obvious. The entire mass, after removing a slight covering, not over two feet in depth, is good and pure ore, the whole of which, without rejecting any part, is fit for the furnace without washing or cleansing, or separation; and everv 100 lbs. of it, by actual test, yields from 40 to 45 lbs. beautiful metal.” Within a short distance ot this vast region, coal is found in abundance. The navigation of the Green river will soon be opened by means of locks and dams, so as to afford free communica tion with the Ohio; so that great facilities are i ottered for the successful working of these mines. —Baltimore American. Rhode-Island ANT) the Navt—lh a lecture recently delivered by the Hon. Tristram Burgess on the subject of the battles between the Ameri can and British fleets on Lake Erie, during the last war, there are some interesting historical de tails. proving conclusively that the project of a ruitional fleet was first suggested to her sister States b> Rhode Island. It appears that in August 1775, the General , Assembly of Rhode Island adopted expressing their conviction that the buildinc and equipping of an American fleet as soon as possi ble, would greatly and essentially conduce to the preservation of the lives, liberty, and property of the good people of these colonies, and instructing heir delegates in the ensuing Congress to their influence for budding, at the expense, “a fleet of sufficient force for the pro lection of these colonies, and for employing them in such a manner and places, as will most annoy our enemies and contribute to the common de fence of these Colonies.” Congress came together in the ensuing Sept., and it appears from the journal, that on the 3d of October, one of the delegates from Rhode Island laid before the National Legislature a part of the instructions. Acting upon the suggestion. Con gress took the subject under consideration in November, and on the 22d December, the Com mittee for engaging armed vessels reported that they had engaged four, viz: the Columbus, Abra ham Whipple, Captain ; the Alfred Dudley, Sal tonstall, Captain; the Andrew Dorea, James Biddle, Captain; the Cabot. John Burroughs Hopkins, Captain. That they had appointed Esek Hopkins, Commodore of the fleet 1 " at they had appointed John Paul Jones, Rhodes Arnold, Haystcd Harker, Jonathan Pitcher, and Stansbury, first Lieutenants ; and Benjamin Seabury, Joseph Olney, Elisha Weaver, Thomas Weaver, and M’Dougal, second Lieuts. This, Mr. Burgess observes, in the first Ameri can fleet which ever hoisted sail to the winds of heaven. Rhode Island furnishen two of the ships ; —also the Commodore of the fleet; two ot the Captains; three of the first, and four of the second Lieutenants; and in all probability, most, if not all the officers and men for at least two of the ships. This report was received and established ; and now Commodore Hopkins, with the fleet under his command, was ordered to proceed to the Ba hama Islands, and capture the warlike stores of Great Britain deposited at New Providence, and then to cruise on the coast ol the Carolinas, and intercept the British vessels found in those wa ters. The fir it of these orders was fulfilled to the letter. For the Commodore loaded his fleet with those stores; and was obliged to impress one ot the colonial vessels to aid in bringing away the captured cannon and munitions of war. It is be lieved, he sailed from the United Colonies early in February, 1776; for on the 3d of March, of that year, he captured the fort at New Providence. After this success, his fleet being deeply laden with stores so highly important to the Colonies, he, to secure these valuable stores, returned di rectly, and unladed them at New London. Such is the account given us of our earliest national maritime expedition. We have certain ly no reason to be ashamed ot it. The ranks in this little Navy above Captain, were Admiral, Vice Admiral, Rear Admiral, and Commodore. Ezek Hopkins, of North Provi dence, was the first and only American who ever wore the title (f Admiral in an American Jleet. Commodore Perry was a native of Rhode Isl and. When he departed fer Lake Erie, he took with him from Newport, 149 men and 3 boys, all of whom were volunteers, and in the incredi bly short space of ninety days after the first blow was struck, there were conctructed six vessels— the Lawrence of twenty guns—the Niagara of two long twelves and eighteen 34 pound carron ades; the Ariel of four guns, 18’s and 34’s; the Scorpion of two guns, 32’s; the Porcupine of one gun, a 33 ; and the Tigress of one gun, a 32. During the same time, they repaired and made efficient, the Caledonia, of three guns, 24’s and 32’s; the Somers of two guns, 33’s , the Trippe of one gun, a 32, and the Ohio of like fercc, but not in the battle. Our fighting fleet mounted in all 54 guns; the British, 64. It was the first fleet fight ever fought in battle line by the American navy, and resulted, as is well known, in the capture of the enemy’s fleet. For the notice from whence we derived the foregoing details we are indebted' to the New York Journal of Commerce. The Second Series of Captain Marryatt’s Diary has the following passages on the women of this country : That the American women have their peculiari ties, and in some respect they might be improved is certain. Their principal fault in society is, that they do not sufficiently modulate their voices.— Those faultsarisingfrom association, and in which both sexes are equally prone, are a total indifier ence to or rather a love of change, “ shifting right away,” without the least regret, from one portion of the Union to another ; a remarkable apathy as to the sufferings of others, as indifference to loss of life, a fondness for politics, all of which are un feminine . and lastly, a passion for dress carried to too great an extent; but this latter is easily accounted for, and is inseparable from a society where all would be equal. But, on the othei hand, the American women have a virtue which the men have not, which is moral courage, and one also which is not common with the sex, phy sical courage. The independence and spirit of an American woman, if left a widow without re sources, is immediately shown; she does not sit and lament, but applies herself to some em ployment, so that she may maintain herself and her children, and seldom fails in so doing. Here are faults and virtues, both proceeding from the same origin. I have already in my Diary referred to another great error in a portion of the American women. Lady Blessington, in one of her delightful works, . very truly observes: “I turn with disgust from that affected prudery, arising, if not from a par ticipation, at least from a knowledge of evil, which induces certain ladies to cast down their eyes, look grave, aud show the extent of their knoweledge or the pruriency of their imagina tions, by discovering in a harmless jest nothing to alarm tl eir experienced feelings. I respect that woman whose innate purity prevents those around her from uttering aught that can arouse it, much more than her whose sensitive prudery continually reminds one, that she is au fait of every possible interpretation which a word of doubtful meaning admits,” The remarks of Miss Martineau upon the wo men of America are all very ungracious, and some of them very unj ist. That she met with affection and folly in America, is very probable —where do you notl There is no occasion to ; go to the U. S' to witness it. As for the charge of carrying in their hand seventy dollar pocket handkerchiefs, lam afraid it is but too true • but when there is little distinction, except by dress, ladies will be very expensive. ■ ‘ ~ The number of steamboats now afloat on the western waters is said to be 327. Os these sa were built at Pitlsborg, 61 at Cincinnati, 19 at Whaling, 14 at Jeffersonville, 13 at Louisville, i 10 at New Albany, and the residue in various i P‘ aces 38 are owned in Cincinnati. The total • cost of them exceeds five millions of dollars aver aging about $15,000 eaah.-- N. O. Picayune. Em-MATiox OF Human BoN Es .-For the last few davs much curiosity has been excited m the neighborhood of Old Brentford, in con sc : quence of the d.scovery of a large quality „f hu ■ man bones man extraordinary state of pLerva tmn after having been interred, it is supposed up ! J* ar Jf°ftwo hundred years. The ground whefe , thed v hag made ig . n £ Qcc he.e ffie^L R ° b ’ 3 bnckmaker ’ and situated at ° f the town ’j« st the rear of the Salutation public-house. The earth had oeen removed some time since to the depth of 4 ee without any thing particular being observed out at the commencement of last week, on the workmen digging about five feet lower, making nine feet, they came to layers of human bones consisting of skulls, arm and thigh bones, & c ., of such extent as to fill several wheelbarrows I n most of the skulls the teeth were most perfect and m a high state of preservation, as was also’ the hair. The spot, it is said by some of the eldest of Che inf»6il*ote, used formerly to be called Deadmen’sGraves, and there is a tradition extant in the town* that during the great plague in Lo don, a female caßed “Mol* Ramson” used to driv* a cart, on which she sat, through the streets, C tv ing, “bring oat your dead;” that she brought down hundreds of bodies, which were interred ■ heaps in the ground in question. Informrtion the finding of the bones has been forwarded to Mr Wakely, the Coroner, but it is not supposed h* will consider it necessary to hold an inquest — London paper Womrx amd Horses.—Sam Slick contends that women and horses resemble each other in a great many respects. Wi'hout endorsing his * opinions we give them in bis own words: “ Am man that understands horses, has a pretty consi derable fair knowledge of women ; for they are just alike in temper, and require the very same identical treatment. Encourage the timid ones be gentle with the fractious, but lather the sulkv ones like blazes.” Rubbing.—Two village editors meeting one day, one observed to the other, that his •< meant nothing, being professional—“all j n th e way of business —no personal ill will, you know ” and made the inquiry, “ why don’t you rub m e once in a while 1” To which the other replied “It is not my business to rub down Jackasses New-Orleans Sun. A Town without a Doggkht. —Atihe pre sent time, if we can believe a statement made i* the Western World, there is not a single doggery or grog shop, or any place where a glass of liquor can be obtained for love or money in Memphis. Such a sober sided set of fellows as are now daily perambulating the streets of that town were never seen before, and many loafers who have hereto fore held every thing in the shape of labor in per fect scorn, are now hard at work for mere pastime. — N. O. Picayune. A Rich Max.—Robert Lennox, who recently died in New-York, it is said has left properly worth three millions of dollars. COMMERCIAL. • Latest dates from Liverpool Dec. 17 Latest dates from Havre Dec. 14 Charleston, February 1. Cotton. —We stated in our preceding review that the Upland market had been sensibly effected by the recent intelligence from abroad ; at the open ing of this week’s business, however, a slight im provement was noticed, and the advance has been sustained with firmness to the present time. The operations comprise 7542 bags as follows: 32 at 7; 11 at 7|; 58 at 7s; 200 at 7*; 14 at 7f; 133 at 84; 62 at Sf; 774 at 8£; 185 at S|; 2198 at 9; 207 9g; 843 at'9j; 65 at 8§; 123 at at 10; and 110 at prices above our limits. Long Cotton. —There is no material change in prices of this article; a limited demand has exist ed throughout the vyeek, which resulted in sales of ! 337 bags at from 20 to 37 cents per lb. Rice. —Operations during the week were to afair extent, embracing principally every quality, except strictly prime, none of which remain on hand, and which would command former prices, viz: s3jf to s3j per cwt. The stock of all descriptions on hand is very light. We report sales 1981 tes at from to s3s per cwt. Rough Rice. —l6,3oo bushels were sold at from 78 to 82c per 100 lb. ) Flour. —lso bbls Philadelphia sold at per bbl; 30 do Virginia ats7; 116 dc Alexandria at $63; 150 do Howard st, at s6|; 25 do s6h, and 70 do at s6£ per bbl. Grain • —Two cargoes Corn were received this week, and were disposed of at about 57c per bush el ; 700 bushels Peas brought 67 cents. There were no receipts of Oats. Grocenes. —Bo bags Rio Coffee sold at from to 12c per lb; 60 do Cuba at 11c: 50 hhds new crop Cuba .Molasses brought 24 to 25c per gallon; SC bbls New Orleans sold at 27c. Bacon. —Hams are selling in small quantities at 11 to 12$ cent? per lb; Shoulders and Sides little or no sale—-prices nominal. * Salt in sacks is worth $1 50 to 1 per sack. Exchange. —On England, 85 a 9£ per cent prern. France, of 15c a 5f 25c; New' York and Boston, sight are taken at 2 per cent premium, 30 days, time off; Richmond,69 days, ] percent; Bank of Charleston rates of Exchange, on the North —New York, 3 per cent premium; Philadelphia, 2 per cent discount; Columbia and Camden, per cent; Savannah Bank notes, 4 percent discount; Spanish Doubloons, sl7; Mexican, sl6; Sovereigns, $4 95; Specie, 14 percent premium. Freights— To Liverpool, £to |d per lb for Cut ton; to Havre, cents per lb; for Rice, $U per tierce. New York, for Cotton, 75 cents and $1 per bag. STATEMENT OF COTTON. „ , s. I. Upl’ds. Stock on hand Ist Oct. 1973 2733 Received this week, 1059 4008 do. previously, 6662 108815 9694 115566 Exported this Week, 49 7019 do. previously. 4346 97387 On ship board, 377 3391 4772 112797 Stock on hand, 4922 2759 _ Macon, January 30. Cotton. Prices have varied a little since our last quotations, until within two days past. The article was dull at 1 cents extreme, yesterday was ob tained, in consequence of the prospects of rain.— We quote from 6to 7£. The river still continue! very low. Freights to Savannah $5 per bale. New Orleans, January 25. Cotton. Arrived since the 21st instant, of Loui siana and Mississippi 12210 bales, Tennessee and North Alabama 767, Arkansas 269, Mobile 12, 1 exas 462, together 13720 bales. Cleared in the same time, for Liverpool 5678 bales, Glasgow 1313, Havre 2915, Marseilles 2277, Stockholm 84, New York 78, Boston 1098, Philadelphia 100, together 13546 bales, and leaving on hand, inclusive of all on shipboard not sleared on the 26th inst., a stock of 10631 bales. The demand for cotton, which we stated in bur report of W ednesday morning last as being tolera* bly fo-ir at the time our inquiries terminated on the evening previous, became rather more brisk on that day, and upwards of 5000 bales changed hands, at prices about the same as those before current. On 1 hursday, a further, and still more marked im provement took place in the demand, and sale* t ffected durin ? th « day, to the extent of fully 8000 bacs. Yesterday, the market was rather quiet, as is generally the case after such heavy op erations as were made during the two preceding days, but the sales, notwithstanding, amounted to about 3000 bales. Prices during the three day* have continued k quite steady. Holders may, in deed, have been compelled, in some instances, to concede a trifle on very ordinary parcels, but our previous quotations have, on the whole, been well sustained, and we therefore continue them. Tb® stock on sale, as observed in our last, is principally composed of the inferior and middling finalities* The sales during the week amount to 29000 bales, and for the last three days to 16500 bales. LIVERPOOL CLASSIFICATIONS, La. and M?ss. Tenn. and N. AI& Ordinary, 6* a64 Ordinary, 1 Middling, a7 4 Middling, * air j , . 9 a9} Fair, U* a Good fair, 10 alOj- Good fair, extreme* Good & fine Ilia— Good & fine^ Fair crops, — a " icon . , STATEMENT OF COTTON. 1839. Oct. 1, stock on hand, 15524 Receipts last three days 13720 previously, 389291 373800 418835 Exports last three days, 13546 , previously, 298978 312a*4 Stock on hand 10631 1