Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL. AUGUSTA. TUESDAY MORNING FEBRUARY 25. Oar Reading Room. Some weeks s'mce we notified our friends that we were making arrangements to have this estab lishment handsomely fitted up and well supplied with Papers and Magazines, under the impres sion that it would receive such patronage as it merited. In this, however, we have thus far been I disappointed, as there seems to be little disposi * tion to sustain an establishment of the sort in 4' the city. The indifference, however, is probably the re sult of an impression among many 'who have heretofore been subscribers, that they are still so, which is erroneous, unless their Subscription be renewed. The object of this notice therefore is to inform those who wish to become subscribers tc the Room, tl at our Book will be kept open and the Room lighted during the present week, at the ex piration of which, we will determine whether it is prudent to incur greater expense, or discontinue it altogether. The price of subscription to each is Five Dol" lars per annum, invariably in advance. For a Firm of two or more members Ten Dol lars. We learn that the Hon. Edward J. Black, of the Georgia delegation in Congress, was in this city yesterday. 'treasury Notes. On Monday the 17th inst., the President sent to both houses of Congress a message, enclosing a letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, exposing the deficiency of the Treasury department and ask ing an emission of Treasury Notes to meet it. He repeats in his letter the opinion that the revenue will be reduced by new constructions of the tariff* and the embarrassments of Bank suspensions, &c., Ac,, “but whether those events” says he “will re ® duce the revenue so much as to render new means on those accounts indispensable, cannot yet be de cided with certainty.” But he says it may be as certained before Congress adjourns, and if necessa ry provided for. Ihe Secretary g >es on to advert to the immediate deficiency, and suggests the means of meeting it. What a commentary is this upon the annual Message of the President and the report of his Se cretary. Both of whom stated that unless Congress made unnecessary and uncalled for appropriations, the means for the support of government for 1840* would be ample. What a humiliating picture is a this to the American people! No appropriation has as yet been made, save that for the pay of members, and yet in less than two months from the issuing of these documents, Congress is asked to issue near five millions of Treasury Notes.— The inference is most clear, that they either knew their statements were untrue, or they betray an ignorance of the finances of the government un paralleled in the history of the country. The following is a copy of the Message sent to both Houses of Congress by the President on Monday. I submit to Congress a communication from the Secretary of the Treasuiy, repeating sugges tions contained in his annual report, in regard to the necessity of an early provision by law for the protection of the Treasury against the fluctuations and contingencies to which its receipts aie expo sed, with additional facts and reasons in favor of the propriety of the legislation then desired. The application assumes that although the means of the Treasury for the whole year, may be equal to the expenditures of the year, the Department may, rendered un able to meet the claims upon it at the times when they fall due. This apprehension arises partly from the circumstance that the largest proportion of the charges upon the Treasury, including the payment of pensions, and the redemption of Treasury notes, fall due in the early part of this year, viz: in the months of March and May while the resources, on which it might otherwise erely, to discharge them, cannot be made available until the last half of the year, and partly from the fact that a portion of the means of the Treas ury consists of debts due from banks, for some of which delay has already been asked, and which may not be punctually paid. Considering the injurious consequences to the chajjficter, credit and business of the country, which would result from a failure by the Govern ment for even so short a period, to meet its en gagements—that the happening of such a con tingency can only be effectually guarded against by the exercise of legislative authority—that the period, when such disability must arise, if at all and which, at the commencement of the session was comparatively remote, has now approached so dear as a few days, and that the provisions ask ed for is only intended to enable the Eecutive to fulfil existing obligations, and chiefly by anticipa ting funds not yet due, without making any ad ditions to the public burdens, I have deemed the subject of sufficient urgency and importance again to ask for it your early attention. M. VAN BUREN. Washington, 17th February, 1840. We make the following extract from the lette r of the Secretary: “Early as the sth and 7th of March, a very large amount of pensions and Treasury notes become due, in addition to other and ordihary demands.— The> will excede, in the aggregate, two and one quarter million* of dollars, and for the payment of which funds are jet to be advanced by the Treasu ry tP the amount of about * 1 i-,, On the 13th of March more Treasury **’* ou > uw notes fall due, not yet redeemed, computed at 2 00 Others fall due, and are redeemable in ’ the rest of March, April and May, estimated at 1,150,000 $2,850,000 These constitute an aggregate of burdens but little short of three millions, beside other payments for ordinary objects The estimates of all the receipts and all the ex penditures for these and other objects during that period, with the available balance of money, now on hand in thre Treasury, are detailed in the state ment annexed, marked A. From those particulars it will be seen that, in .order to be able to discharge all anticipated claims punctually, and retain on hand the appropriate bal ance of about two millions for common purposes, a provision of means is expedient to the extent of lour and three-fourths millions of dollars, subject to be used in whole or in part, as may be found ne cessary to meet the public exigencies, under all the uncertainties to which our financial operations are At this late day, a power to issue Treasure notes, instead of those heretofore or hereafter re 7 deemed, or to make a temp >rary loan to that ex tent, subject to be redeemed after sixty or nireix day*’ notice, seems the best, and, in fact the .effectual method of providing such means until i the receipts, in the last half of the year, or ’subse jquently, may enable the Department to extinguish 1 any debt incurred. * -1 4 Correspondence of the North American. New York, Feb. 18, 3r. «. The sales of Cotton are light to-day. In flour there is very little doing. Corn has fallen in con sequence of the breaking up of the ice. A cargo of Southern sold at 58c, wt. to-day. The dry goods dealers tell me they feel a little movemcn 1 in their line, but the expectation is not for large business. Bills on England 8 aBJ, and plenty. Domestic Exchanges are better sime, and some worse, to-day. The closing transactions have been at the following rates. Philadelphia Baltimore 6 a 6s, Richmond 7 1-2, Charleston 3 1-2, Savannah 6 1-2, Augusta B£, Macon 10, Mobile 7New Orleam 4 1-2. Correspondence of the Rational Intelligencer. New York, February 19, 1840. We have been enveloped in a fog to-day, which has obstructed ell navigation, detaining the pack ats, making the passage and re-passage of the rL vers difficult for the New Jersey boats, and pre venting the steamboats from going out. The fog continues yet. The Collector of the port continues to be beat en in his jury trials upon goods seized. W ithin eight days there have been nine trials, and the Collector has not won a case. The custom-house seems to have a rapacity for seizing goods. The subject of a general bankrupt law is pro foundly engrossing the attention of the People ot this State. Petitions will soon pour into Con gress on this subject from all directions. So many are there now interested in such a law, thaj the elections will soon turn upon it, unless Con gress act?. The law in this State incarcerating strangers for debt will soon be repealed, and the Legislature will do all it can constitutionally to give its citizens the benefit of a general bankrupt law. Manhattan Bank stock is on the decline. No sales have been effected for two days. There is no question that this bank has been managed in a corrupt way, and in all its corruption it has been a powerful agent of the cause of Mr. Van Buren. The last statement of Mr. Secretary Woodbu ry upon the finances of the country, though not unexpected, notwithstanding the different story jn the annual report, attracts some attention a mong our business men. He over-estimates now what he is to have from the customs. The fact is, the merchants are too poor to make importa tions, and the country could not pay for them, if they made them. Ships from Europe come here without freight. But few orders are going out_ There is no disposition for business, but that great and general business of getting out of debt. Kir. Calhoun at the Levee. The New York Observer noticing the events at the Presidents House on the first day of Jan uary, thus sketches the bearing of the South Carolina Senator. We hope, for the character of the Senator and the honor of S. Carolina, it is not true. What materials did it present for speculation and reflection, as I noted the succession of polit ical intriguers, political aspirants; those seeking office, and those aiming to ingratiate themselves with the source of power, seeking to keep offices already obtained. You may, however, imagine the smirks, the bows, the hollow smiles of such an as- 'inblage, and moralize on it, without having the scene minutely delineated. Amongst those who attracted most notice, was the partisan lead er of the Numidian squad—J. C. Calhoun. It was so strange a sight to behold him at that place, against the tenant ofwhich he had so often sworn eternal hatred, and his recent coalition with the loco foco party was so prominent on the mind of every one present, that He was tbeobsrved of all Observers. He seemed ill at ease—his eyes in constant motion, and his whole carriage restless and fidgety. Ht quailed under the public gaze, in which he must have read mortification and contempt; but when (as if to give a public rati fication and zeal to his disgusting dereliction) he went up and gave both of his hands to the ogre Blair, it almost drew forth audible manifestations of the abhorrence with which the scene filled the surrounding spectators. Alas, how are the proud abased and dishonored ! Who shall talk of the pride and chivalry of the South after this I Tennessee, The following is the Whig Electoral ticket nominated by the late Convention at Nashville, The nominees are all said to be Speakers, and will take the stump and cany light and knowl edge to every portion of the State. Electoral Ticket for Tennessee* Hugh L. White, Q Ephraim H. Foster, State at ,ar S e * sth district—Josiah F. Morford, of Warren. 6th “ Thomas C. Bransford, of Jackson. 7th “ James C. Jones, of Wilson. Bth “ D. W. Dickinson of Rutherfoord. 9lh “ Terry H. Cabal, of Maury. 10th “ E. J. Shields, of Giles. 11th “ Gustavus A. Henry, of Montgm’y. 12th “ George W. Gibbsi *)f Obion. 13th “ Robertson Topp, of Shelby. From the Jacksonville Advocate of the 18fli. From Florida. Indians. —On Friday night, 7th inst. while a detachment of volunteers, stationed at Black Creek, were encamped on New River, about two hundred yards from the residence of a Mr. Mc kinney, they were attacked by a party of Indians —number not known, killing a Mr. Elijah Si mons, and wounding a Mr. Prevat. After fire ing upon the camp, they rushed in and seized the rifles belonging to the v®lunteers, who immediate ly fled to the House, thus affording protection to the inmates, who would probably have fallen victims to the barbarity of the merciless savages. On Sunday night, wlrile Capt. Chamberlain, in command of a baggage train, was encamped at Aligator, he reports hearing Indians all around him. Wisconsin. —Resolutions have been passed in the Legislature of this Territory, providing the holding a convention at Madison, on tee first Mon day in November, for the purpose of furthering “the adjustment of the Southern boundary and admission into the Union of the State of Wiscon sin on an equal footing with the original Slates in all respects whatever.” To be charged with postage upon a letter con taining a remittance of an advertisement, is bad enough; but to be taxed for a letter ordering the paper discontinued, ls a leetle too bad.—JWA. kcepsie Paper. * A D.moit.k A New Orlean, paper says:—“Littlebury Hawkins, the defaulter to the United States Government in 100.000, has been killed by tbe Cberokees in the expedition of the - Feds, against Metanaoras. Ho was literally hew- i , •d to piece*.” I 1 From Europe. From the Savannah Georgian of Saturday wa clip the following items of news by the Olive Branch. Liverpool, Jan. 1. We take pleasure in sending herewith for your information, an account of the stock of Cotton in the port, as ascertained yesterday in the usual manner. The difference in the previously com puted stock is supposed to arise from the returns not having been correctly made for the monthly statements, during the year of the quantity for warded into the country from the ships side. On the whole the result elicits no important feature to cause any immediate material change in prices, if any thing, it is calculated to give confideoce in present rates being maintained— dnee it is well understood that the stock in the hands of the trade is unusually light—being, it is thought, from 80.000 to 100,000 bales less than at same period last year, and but for late advices from your side stating the crop at 1,800,000 bales the pros pect tor holders would be more favorable. There may, however, as the season advances, appear good reason for curtailing this, in our opin ion, exaggerated estimate and that a moderate crop of 1,600,000 to 1,650,000 bales will be sub stituted. If you find that view being fairly dem onstrated, you may judge the probable effect on our market and operate with more confidence for shipments. Money matters assume a much easier position, the rate of discount here, being now reduced to 5 per cent, and after so protracted a stagnation il is reasonable to anticipate there will be a general improvement of trade in the spring. January 3. Cottox —Since the returns of stock, &c. on the 31st ult. were made, the market has assumed a more steady and healthy appearance, and for American descriptions prices are about gd per lb. higher; but for Brazils there is not any improve ment, but rather a disposition to sell at our cur rent rates; and for Egyptian 4d per lb has been conceded. In Surat there is not any change. Speculators have taken 2000 bales of American, and exporters 800 American and 200 Surat. The sales tp day are 4 to 5000 bags of all kinds, chief ly American. The import this week is 3816 bags, and the sales are 13.900 bags, viz: 20 stain ed S. Island Orleans 5g Pernambuco 8§ a 10; 290 Bahia and Maceio a 94; 100 Maranham 9f a 9j; 80 Laguira 8f a 9; 190* Egyptian 10£ a 12£; 50 Peru 8$ a 9; 1376 Madras and Surat 4£ a 6. Rumored Ministerial Changes. —lt is ru mored that the Marquis of Normandy will goto Paris as British Ambassador; that Earl Granville will succeed Lord Auckland as Governor Gener al of India ; and Lord Ebrington take Lord Nor manby’splace at the Home Office; the Duke of Devonshire to be Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Her Majesty will return to town from Windsor on Thursday next, to be ready to open Parlia ment. As a proof of the latene s of the harvest in the high parts of this district, Mr. Charlton, of Whitehall, near Healeyfield, only finished cutting his wheat on Saturday the 21st: ult.—Newcas tle Chronicle. Death of Lord Broughams’s Mother.— The mother of Lord Brougham died on the 31st December, at Brougham Hall, Westmoreland, in her 87th year. She was a lady of the most amia ble disposition, and was univarsally respected and esteemed, almost adored, by those who had the honor of her acquaintance. FRANCE. M. Calmon, General Jacqueminot, M. Gan rieron, and M. Martin du Nord have been elected the four Vice Presidents of the Chamber of De puties* Paris, Dec. 31. — Five per cents, Hlf. 55c. 50c; Four per cents., 102 f. 20c.; Three percents; 80f. 40c. 40. Exchange on London, one month., paper, 25f.; money. 24f. 97^c. Bourse, Dec. 31. —Last Prices.— Five per cents, 11 If. 60c.; Three per cents, 86C. 45c. SPAIN. General Espartero was confined to his bed by fever. The Captain General of Galicia has announ ced that insurgents were daily making tbeir sub mission to the Queen’s authorities, and that the Province would, ere long, be wholly pacified. RUSSIA. The Erapeior Nicholas was on 13th Dec. seri ously indisposed. STATE OF TRADE. Manchester, Dec 31. Cotton Trade.—Al though there was, as might be expected from the season, but little demand, to-day, the market was decidedly firm and elastic; and all descriptions, both of goods and yarn, were firmly held for the full prices of last week, or in some cases, for an advance; and very little inclination was shown to make contracts for future delivery, which were rather freely offered by the buyers. Manchester, Jan. 3.—Things are more heal thy in this district than of late; many large buy ers of yarns and goods having offered to purchase large quantities, at present prices, for delivery a month or six weeks hence, but which offers have been invariably declined. This firmness in the face of a declining cotton market, is encouraging, for the future. Some kinds of grey cloths are l£d. dearer, and all kinds of free sale at last quo tations. Liability of officers of Steam Boats.— W.e notified last week, the decision of the court in the case of the steam boat McFarland vs. Danube , where a judgment was rendered against the owners of the Danube, for §23,000, for run ning into, and sinking the McFarland. Since that time, at the suit of Capt* Strader, owner of the McFarland, in the Superior Court, Judge Este, presiding, a judgment has been obtained against Hugh Dugan, the pilot of the Danube, who was at the wheel at the time of the collision for the sum of §2l,ooo—thus settling the ques tion of the personal liability of pilots, who care lessly, intentionally, or from fright or ignorance, suffers his boat to come in collision with another. For the future, w e trust we shall not have as many of these “ accidents ” to record as in times past. Mr. Dugan will be taught a lesson by this judgment, that he will not forget for some years at least, —and other pilots may also take warning, and learn to be a little moie careful than some of them are. It h fair here to remark, however, that the great majority of our pilots on the western waters, are experienced and careful men. —Cincinnati Re publican. From the Globe. Hlexico and Texas. Late files of the Mexican journals, the “Diario del Gobierno'’ and the “ Cosmopolite,” are be fore us. They contain the debates in the Mexi can Congress, of the 16th January, upon the pro jected invasion of Texas. The principal ques tion debated, was that of ways and means. A proposition had been submitted requiring every man in the Republic to pay a medio real (six cents) every month, to constitute the means for carrying on the Texian war. A member of the Congress proposed to amend this proposition by enacting that whoever would pay a larger sum monthly, should be declared benemenius to have deserved well of his country. The editor of the “ Cosmopolita” makes the following remarks upon this projected invasion • " The question of Texas seriously engages the attention of the cabinl. These ministers would wish to divert the minds of the public from what ever should constitute the care of all Governors. But there are certain things which are felt too deeply to be forgotten. The salaries of our em ployer. are not paid. They are pressed by hun- ger. We all feel the impunity with which our roads are infested with robbers, against whom it is the duty of the Government to protect society. It would certainly be well to recover our honor lost at San Jacinto ; but there is also something else to be looked to. We must face all the ca lamities whicb afflict us, so as not to lose on the one hand, what we may gain on the other. ‘•lf we are to believe the ‘Diario del Gobierno’, (Government journal,) tranquility reigns in all the departments with the exception of Monterey. It is yet certain that Chihuahua is invaded by the Indians, and no aid has been sent to that depart ment. “Durango is also invaded by the Indians, and that department is equally unprotected by the central Government. “New Mexico seems to have been blotted out Irom the catalogue of our territories. That de partment also suffers from incursions of the In dians. The inhabitants have asked for protec tion, but the Government journal prefers to tell them what events are occuring on the Bospho rus. “Yucatan is now the theatre of a bloody civil war. “Our condition is an aggravated one, and c >m plicated in its relations. Yet the Government thinks the question of Texas paramount. ‘ The result of this project of re-conquest will be, that when our soldiers shall have perished bj) hunger, nakedness, and North American rifles the Government will plead its inability to carry on the war, for the want of means. Then w< shall bid a last adieu to Texas, and await the de claration of independence by other departments when the opportunity shall be deemed by their favorable.” From the Philadelphia Sentinel. Doleful accounts reach us, through the papers from nearly all parts of the country. In Ohic and Indiana the greatest distress prevails. Wheat fifty cents the oushel, flour two and a half t( three dollars a barrel; pork, two dollars and a hal ahundred;jand then prices nominal. Failures o those indebted, all classes, occurring daily. " In the western part of New York every thing is prostrate. Sales of produce cannot be madeai any price, for the want of wherewith to purchase Money is not to be obtained. The farmers whi have full granaries cannot pay their debts, because they cannot sell their grain. Destruction ry Freshets. —The valued coal boats lost on the Monongal.ela and at Pitts burg during the late breaking up of the ice, is esti mated at fifty thousand dollars. The loss falls on a hard working class of men. Census For 1840.—The census of the Uni ted States, to be taken during the present year will be upon a more comprehensive plan than usu al. Hitherto it has been customary to enumerate the inhabitants only, under the several classifica tions of sexes, ages, colors &c. By the late act of Congress for taking the census of 1840, the President of the United States was directed tc cause the statistics of the country, relating to Ag riculture, Manufactures, Mines, Commerce, &c. —to be collected, and also statistical information in reference to Education. The next census therefore will exhibit not only the amount of our population, but also a complete schedule of the aggregate property of the nation ranged under different heads, and picsenting at one view and accurate estimate of the vast re sources of the United States, in all the various departments ofinduslry and including the numer ous items of national wealth. Interrogate! ies, adapted to elicit information on all the topics em braced in the new plan, have been preparetj to serve as formulas of statistical. Littfe additional labour or expense will be incurred by this enlarged system of proceeding, since the same persons who would in the usual manner be employed to take the census of numbers, mav very easily put such other questions as may be required by the present regulation. One operation may serve to accom plish both duties as well as one only.— Baltimore American. By a late arrival from a South American port, we learn that Mr. Stephens, U.S. Charge d’Af faires to Central America, accompanied with that celebrated traveller, Mr. Catherwood had arrived safe at Guatemala, and been received with every mark of distinction and respect. Mr. Stephens , in consequence of the non-existence ofany Federal Government to whom he could present his cred entials, had resolved to visit the renowned ruins of Chiapa, upon the borders of Mexico. Copper Mines.— The St. Louis Republic m of the 25th says : “W e learn that some new val uable discoveries of copper have been made on the Current river, in the southern part of this State, about sixty miles from Belleview, and some distance above the former discoveries made on that river. We have not received a particular description of the mines, but if the reports of their extent and richness he true they greatly exceed any before discovered.” • From the Charleston Courier of yesterday. Fire.—A little after 12 o’clock, on Saturday night, a smoke was discovered issuing from the lower part of a house on th« west side of East Bay, a few doors South of Elliott street, owned by Mr. Benjamin Smith, and occupied by Mr. Joseph Hendricks, as a Clothing store. The alarm was given, and the firemen were soon on the spot, with their apparatus. As soon as hose could be filled, one of the windows was broken in and a stream of water opened on the flames, which flared up, as soon as air was admitted. A line of hose was also passed in through a passage way, and water liberally dispersed throughout the back part of the house, and the flames were soon got u der. * When the window was first broken in, we dis tinctly saw the fire burning in the south west corner of the front room, apparently close to the floor, where it no doubt commenced. The cause, whether accidental or incendiary, is yet unknown. .The contents of the store were »o much burnt as to lead us to believe they have been rendered almost entirely worthless. The stock was insu red for $6,000. American Characteristics. In a late number of the Knickerbocker, there were some striking thoughts upon the characteris tics ot our countrymen, a few of which we cony • fins virgin world in which we dwell, demands of the old world but two influences—Men and Money. Our wildernesses are rank for want of men, and on our own ge. graphy is written, on ri ver, Jake ana hill, ‘ the promise to pay,’ in abounding interest, all .ational investments of mo- Ato he t S VV I SS V who M P L er ched on a declivity of the A ‘ps, the Irishman, who earns but a miserable livelihood in rejected bogs ; ihe Hollander, who can rescue no more of soil from the cci ; the Sici lian who has hardly enough >f maccaroni and wine for tus being; the Swede, from his sands of pme ; the Pole, hunted by the Russian cossack ; the Ger man, Irom the historic battlements of the Rhine • or the ru-h graperes of the plain, we invite • we welcome here, each and all; whether they come from the burning land of the Moor, or the frozen regions of Siberia ; for this ever has been the asy" lum.ihe refuge, of every people of the old. from the time the puritan Englishman landed on Vim rock of Plymouth, to the landing ol *he Swedes. the Delaware ; the Dutch in our own New York ■ the Germans in Pennsylvania; the Spaniards in Florida or Alabama ; and the French in uouiwanl I. is the glorious prerogaiive of a republic, to mould a.l nations mio one; to change the suhje-t to Ik! citizen ; to tame the monarchist to the republican • and to raise up the disoigamzer and tlm to the dignity and grandeur of a sovereign hfmself I True, in this fusion of conflicting element- "S? 1, • a century atone of the constitution, but of the two t hundred years o! the prevalence of republicanism in America, proves it can all be done. • ,******* r Paris exerts over us a local influence, as if it r were but just over the Hudson The milliners o. - the Boulevards are omnipotent in Broadway. An j American iidy is awed and abashed, if she diso beys the fiat of a Parisian femme des modes. Ger man musicians are dictating law in the language o. ’ the soul. German soldiers, the guardians ot our 1 republic, parade our str, ets in uniform Rossini is • as well known here as on the Kue de Rivoli. We b almost fancy we can at tun. a hear the prolonged - notes of the Gri»i. Europe reigns in our saloons Even the kitchen has yielded at last, and Paris is i now complete master of that important cabinet I Thus the Eu opoan that comes here, finds here a e home. He has journals of his own tongue to read and a society of his own to live in. Thirty or fortj t thousand Germans are among us in They have two newspapers, in their own language, of op posite politics. Twenty-five thousand Frenchmen are here. They have two journals of their own.— * 'i he aniards and the English have their joui rials also, and vve are flooded with English literature. K Indeed, one of ihe penny papers, the Dispatch, re published a whole number of Nicholas Nickioby, il wiihm three weeks after its publication in London, and in less than a week after its arrival here, which is sold lor only three cenis ! |- ******* We have thus dwelt upon the European associa tions ol New York, in order to show how little sacri- II fice ol habit a European makes, in leaving his own y land to come to this. This sacrifice having been . made less and less every day by the packet ships, ’ is now made less than ever by the steam-ships ; and thus stionger temptations are held out for the e emigrants to come. A German who embarks from Rotterdam, is not much farther frmn home, tfun he s, is there Irom the Upper Rhine. Hamburgh is about n as near us r-s Vienna is to Hamburgh. Rome is father from Havre than Havre is from New York. 'I he Tyrolese, the Alsaiian, the Bernese, who leave their mountains as mercenaries, to go and fight Neapolitan or Austrian bailies, would be, practical s» ly, but little farther from home, if they were upon 0 ihe Albghanies, or even in Wisconsin, or Jowa.— 1 Ocean steam navigation, monthly and semi-mui.lh ’ ly Developing these facts, will break up ihe th ckly ° settled societies of Europe in ti«# end Steamships '• will anon take over emigrants cheaper, and oi )f course quicker, than the packet ships now can.— The freight of human beings, we for»ee, will be .a g great trade of the world. Steam ships are the bridges on which the Pole, the Austrian, the Prus sian, the Hungarian, the Norwegian, the Swede, e the Frenchman, the Spaniard, the Hal.ai., perhaps ° the Turk and Circassian, and Georgian, anon, will e pass over to us. as th , Goths and Vandols passed to their land of promise. Well, let Item come ! W T e feel no great alarm in this erabr.o Rome, for the august destinies the Father ot men is forming for his children As we »- receive them in our imperial city, we can pass i- them on to the untrodden vales ol lowa, or to the [ s wilderness ot the Rocky Mountains, or beyond, upon the shores of that Pacific. Ocean, where the Anglo-American is one day to dictate trade to China. All these people come, even if they come [. wild among ns, not only to till our virgin land, but , to be moulded and re-lorm?d for republican etti ’ zens If we cun make nothing ol them, we can ’* make much of their children. If ti e emigrant son e of Erin will not ‘change ins own mind,’ his child i- ren make ihe kestof Americans. If the German or :t the Arcadian will not become one of us, we will e become one among them. Before the invincible spirit of Ang'o American chivalry, we see every tlrng fall, and thus we have but little to fear '* Again, what importation is there so rich as that of •> human beings ? Our English ancestors periled n their lives on the coast of Africa, and violated ev ery rule of right, to lake human beings to mike y slaves of in America ; but here, beings of our own color, wi.h whom we can amalgamate, and whom we can exalt; lull grown men, paying their own 1 Ireight, and of their own free will, are hurrying to f our shores, and why have a doubt in welcoming - tliem to our interior ? Europe has trained iliem s for us, at great expense. Their purses are at times . full, to be expended upon us. But even if they come without a purse, they come with brawny ’ arms and siring limbs; wilh bodies and souls, which are always capital m America. We thus J keep Europe nu sing men for us Europe becomes I the cradle of America. We take from the mother's I arms the lull grown boy, upon whose rearing she 5 has spent one fouilh ol a life. Ay, England, Ire , land, Scotland, France, all Germany, are but a nursery lor our country. They make men ; we 1 take them, and work them. W hal Great Brnain f went to war with ns about, she has yielded m - peace—the right of u subject to become a citizen, f The power ot impressment is not confined, with us, to what England has claimed over her sailors ; for we exercise a moral impressment overall mankind. We make it the interest of a world to become . American Citizens. ; ****** I Every observing man, who notes and contrasts j what he sees in the old world and in the new, is r struck by the amazing activity ot the republican man, in contrast with the monarchical man. The 1 life of the Austrian, the Russian, the Italian, unin -1 vigorated by the inspiring influences of republican ■ liberty, differs as much from the progress of the 5 American, as the motion of the snad from the light ning velocity of the locomotive. Even so, in pro portion, do the activity, the enterprise, the multipli ed powers of man here, differ from toe man of i France, or the man of England ; not so much, we grant, as in the cases cited, fur liberty is an inspira tion in France and England, as well ns in Amen -1 ca. This striking contrast written upon our soil, 1 has been observed by Mrs. Jameson and Lord Uur ! ham, between the subject ot the Canada*, and the i citizen ot the United States, engraved upon the borders of Vermont and New York, of Ohio and . Michigan, in letters so visible that the world marks , the contrast of the old institutions and the new when acting side by side m the virgin world * * * * A True, we have no Gothic piles of antique gran deur, tor we hide our time ; but we hesitate not to undertake tasks that old Eingland herself would stagger under now, with centuries of age upon her i head, and the wide Asiatic world at her feet. We have no ari tocracy, and never can have one till a revolution changes our laws, and re-models our society ; but we can have all the blessings attend ant upon their concerted action, without any dan ger at all. The castles, the cathedrals, the tower i-.g fortification* they create, we do not want; for our conceited energies are needed and used, in clearing the wilderness, in threading rs rivers with Ihe s'eamboat or else in linking the river and the . Jakes, or the sea, other canal, or in eavimr time that is precious, bv a locomotive upon a railroad. Un ion, with us, effects all of good an hereditary aris tocracy can effect over sea. A Democracy, by such an union, turns its vast energies into a mon archical agency at once, but without, hereditary power ; a responsible agency, to be yielded whence it c imp, the moment its ta*k is wrought. when the peop'eof New York willed the Erie ca nal, that corp .ration of the people railed that State fufilled that will, and the w-jrk was done. Thus this unity of republican action is not only capable of great undertakings at home, but it uses the Ame rican lever of credit to bring the money of foreign ers to do our work. The tact is now* as clear as day, of almost all ur public works, that foreign ra mey not only builds them, but they are actually built by foreign hands. The Irishman does the work, and the Londoner finds the plenipotent dol lar. American mind forms the conception, and di rects the labor. It is very true, that at present util ity is the main-spring of American action ; but or nament , beauly, and the arts, follow i n its train • and the agency that thus suddenly metamorphoses the wilderness ot America in 1 o a cititivated coun try, if not into a garden, can create a gallery of arts or the most gorg.ous structure of the architect It would b« easier to build a Westminister, than to create a state. The work of me Pyramids w nought, compared with the work of our father, who subdual Ihe howling wildernw, lL. “S savages* to their own will. 1,1 The extraordinary spectacle our republic now presents, as it brings to bear the AmericanfeverTf human action upon mankind, is as novel a« k?s amazing, to the other nations of the world Thf Roman republic, whose sovere.gnty wason the -a pi to] urn, brought the Thracian the n"‘o n bC,Wi' h ;,fT"’' D i-senipLg! and hs luanJ f t mp, T’^ Ue<i ' JC ‘ 8 * i,s slaves ! but 11 them there as slaves, and poverty in their |rajn and wh fh!.nt dl( S sh ° rre iCd m no, hing the distances magm reJurn -TK enc “™ ber * J empire, or any return, she world rutltosi, of tu own tree will, to this onr Rome of the West, not to be subject to bondage, but to the enlivening influence ol eman cipation from what bondage it has. The fail hoi man in man, which is the elementary principle oi all our governments, federal, stale, and municipal has developed in business a system of associated’ credit, that enables us to command European capi tal, and to hurry on the natural progrew of our new world. We thus exhiM to mankind the ama£h£ spectacle of a people but just settled In a wildernss* taxing the men and money of all Europe for the ex ecution of its public works; while resting u:»on the exercises of the higher faculties of roan, his contriving, thinking, and directing powers, Ameri. cans, as masters, in fact, nr ke Europeans willing, ly do their work. Thus the world labors for us ; and this is,in par?, the solution o( the mystery of our wonderful progress. Never did a nation, whh o?it arms, thus exercise the power of intellect over ihe human race ! ****** Ve arc not English, though we speak English ; for the smtelv grandeur of English society, its ti- , midiiy and caut ous formality, are hanlly known here ; but we are more French, with much of th e excitability, the sprighlltness, and the power of adaption to ad circumstances that people have.— The rush of the whole intellect of the country to politics, that unfortunate mental diversion of Us high power, is—hut for a moment, for we are now in the crisis—making us a nation of political hypo crites, without the manliness to express and defend a principle, when it is unpopular; hut the intellect which is now abandoning politics, and devoting it self to tho elegant pursuits of agriculture and Tite* attire, adorned by the illustrious example of an lr ving and a Chinning, will soon put the nation on the right road of moral independence; for fame, d will be seen, is more easily obtained by the pen the pencil, or the chisel, or even by the plonzhl than in »he now overwhelmed path*- of the politi cian Os character, in our stale of American and European fusion, and in the conflicting elements of norlh:in and western and sou h *rn society, we can hardly be said to have any at all, that is fixed.— Our republic is floating upon a chaos of these ele ments, the only landmarks of which are onr State Corporations New England character, however, is the great predominating principle that seems to be subduing others to its power, «iy the forre of im migration and the better instruction of its immi grants. The press of the country, that powerful engine of American action, is in New England hands Ti e professions, generally, arc theirs The manufacturers, anti the nrttzans, and the com meice are theirs, as a general remark, which all, as agents of action, powerfully predominant over the public mind We are, also, what foreigners will scarcely believe, an eminently poetical people. (Jur country is a moving romance of history, and our countrymen are romance's in action, and knightserrant, often, in principle The pen is not yet our instrument of action upon posterity, we know, hut the pick-axe is. What mind conceives, it writes not upon paper, hutscrawls upon the earth. Onr imagination wraps itself into powder, and acts i u;miii ihe rock and on the cliff; now tunnelling the hill ; and now blowing up the mountain, fseam is our spirit of poetry. We are Cyclopean wnteis, with the ear h for our tablet, and Vulcan and JMul ciberare onr ideal gods. The Irishman is our Ca nova The shovel is our chisel. The wheel-har row is the American brourn. Steamboats aie our naiads and nym.ihs. Cold is our glory We are not men fat and full, as other nations are ; with the round portly bulk of the Briton, the stnu ness of the Cerman, or the ruddiness of the man of Jfaly ; ! hut lank and lean men, of but little hones, less much of muscle, and all blood ; spin's in frail elements of clay ; born for a short life but to live years and years in that life. One of us is two men, thus. Our real population doubles that of our numbers, by the intense activity es our lives. MARRIED, As New Lebanon, New York, on the 9th instant, by the Rev. John G. Hall, Gideon Putnam, Attor ney at Law of Warrenton, Ga., to Stella Cor nelia, daughter of the lion. Henry Shaw, Lanes borough, Mass. COMMERCIAL. Latest dates from Liverpool, Jan . 3 Latest dates from Havre Dec. 29 AUGUSTA MARKET. Cotton —The late news from England produced quite an excitement in our market yesterday, and a considerable quantity changed hands at an ad vrnce of to cent on previous rates, for all des criptions. Holders were quite firm and seemed little disposed to realize, while buyers took hold fieely The arrivals are not large. We now quote 6 to 8£ cents as the extremes of the market, the latter for square bales only. Ordinary to Middling - - 6 a7^ Fair-- . - 7J a7| Good Fair-- - S a B^- Prime & Choice, - - - 8i a Freights —To Savannah $1 00 per bag. Groceries. —The market is generally well sup plied with all descriptions which are sold low fer cash. The trade with the interior has been quit dull for some days. Sugar— Supply good of all descriptions. Coffee. —The recent arrivals have been heavy, aud prices range from II to 13 cents for all descrip tions except Java and Mocho. Salt. —The supply has been increased within a few days, and sales are made at 40 cents from tb« wharf. Retail price, cents. Bacon —Arrivals from the country heavy. Sales from wagons 8 cents hog round. Flour. Country —Supply small, commands rea dily to $7 per bbl. Molasses. —Stoek good. We hear cf sales from the wharf at 34 cents. Domestic Liquors. —All kinds plenty and sales dull. Irish Potatoes. —Very scarce and command readi ly $4 per bbl. Exchange. —On New-York at sight, 7 a S per cent, for current funds ; Charleston at 4 a 5 per cent, Savannah 1 a 2 per ct.; Philadelphia 3 per j ct.; Lexington, Ky. 1 per ct.; specie commands 5 a 6 per cent, premium. Bank Notes. — Savannah Banks, 1 per cent. prcm.« Mechanics’, “ (Augusta.) 5 “ “ « Agency Brunswick, “ s*« « « Columbus Insurance B’k 1 “ “ “ Commercial Bank, Macon, 1 « « « Planters’ and Mechanics’ Bank, Columbus, Monroe Rail Road Bank, 5 “ “ “ Ocmulgee Bank, 4 ** “ *• Milledgeville Bank, 2s“ “ “ Darien Bank, 16 “ ** Chattahoochie R. R.«fe B’k Company, 10 u “ “ Hawkinsville Bank, 5 “ “ “ Bank of Rome, 25 “ “ “ All other Banks now doing business, at par. Specie Paying Banks. — Mechanics Bank, Bank of St. Mary’s, Insurance Bank of Columbus, Com mercial Bank of Macon, and Brunswick Branch in this city. marine intelligence. Savannah, February 22. Cleared —Ship lowa, Pell, Havre; brig Sea Isl and, Otis, Boston. Arrived —Ship Olive Branch, Sedrick, Liverpool; . Br ship Washington, McLay, do; Br bark Sarah, Kenney do. Charleston, Feb. 24. Arrived on Saturday. —Br barque Amazon, Pit cairn, Lenaly, (Wales)—sailed Dec. 17. At Quarantine —Line ship Leland, Miller, Bos ton, 12 days; ship Charleston, Winsor. Boston — sailed Feb. 4.; brig Commaquid, from Boston; schr Celerity, from Philadelphia. Cleared —I r ship Carolina, Le Terrier, Havre; Br barque Greenhorn, Ogilvy, Liverpool; brigs Ara bian, Welch, do; Lancet, Kruse, Havana; Ajax, Bowers, New Orleans. Went to sea yesterday —Ship Harriet & Jessie, M’Known, Liverpool; Line ship Anson, Sinclair, New York; barque Iwanowna, Dyer, Marseilles; brigs Harvest, Hibbert, New York; Po, Wnitoey, Philadelphia; Roscoe G., Ronsey, do