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OHKOM ;LE A'Sh SENTINEL. A IJ G E S'lA. SATURDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 14. Presidential Election. The Charleston Courier of yesterday says: —"f he great contest has been so decisively settled that the Washingten Globe, the organ of the administration at the National Capi al, mates the followinfi anun ciation of Mr. Van Buhen’s defeat —"It becomes our duty to announce to the public that we have received returns of the elections in a sufficient num ber of States to render the final resu’tno longer doubtful.” Georgia. We understand that official returns have been received at the Executive Department from Si counties, which give a majority of 9,134 sos Har rison. Virginia. The Old Dominion, says the Richmond Whig of Tuesday last “is yet in a fog.” The Globe, of Monday evening, gives returns from 105 counties, matins the V. B. majority, thus far 331. To this statement it appends the following; Note. — We deem it proper to state that the Balt. American of this morning, claimed to have heard from 104 counties, in which the Federal majority is upwards of 1700; and the Intel.igencer, of thia morning, claims 859 majority. Notwithstanding this, we feet confident that the Democratic parly has earned Virginia. Many of our returns are copied from Fedeial papers. The Baltimore American, of Tuesday morning, gives returns from 164 counties and cities, shew ing a Van Buren majority of 161. It adds the fol lowing remaiks: “There are 16 counties yet to be heard from which in 1836 gave a Van Huron majority of 2 444 votes. In vaiious papers from who h the above table is coupied, there is adtscrepancy in the re turns from several counties, which can only be rec tified when the official returns are received.” The Madisonian, of the 10th says, “ There were returns in the Baltimore papers yesterday, from Southern Virginia, which it accu rate, would give the State to Hairison. But we have no confidence in those returns, and scarcely a hope of the Stale. Washington county gives 224 majority for Van Bu-en. The Richmond Whig , in another article says:— “ The Old Dominion h>s cast her vote for Martin * Van Buren, in all human probability by a few hundreds.” The Whig ascribes the result to frauds in She nandoah, Rockingham and Chesterfield. It adds, in relation to Virginia— “ That her fair, legitimate and lawful vote has been given for Hairison, is universally believed by the whigs of this city. Were it important,the Whig party of Viiginia could and would prove this, to the conviction of ail mankind. Ihe overwhelm ing success of the whigs of the Union, renders it unnecessaiy. Hut we trust and we claim, that ev ery whig shall exert himself and never desist, un til our election laws are reformed, and the people protected against fraud and rascality in elections. Never, peop eof Virginia! consent to leave it to any three men to say win may or wiio may not voie ! Never consent that the deepest and most criminal frauds may be practiced notoriously, and the laws afford you no ledress ! Have this whole matter investigated by your assembly at the next session. It it occupies a year, have it done, Suf frage is the spring head,’ and tint poisoned, the whole stream will be poisoned too. “ We are deeply, unspeakably mortified at the result in Vi gima. It ought not to have been so. If the opposing side had played us fair play, it would not have hern so. They in many counties have had the advantage of universal suffrage. The whigs to the best of our knowledge and belief, have not violated or attempted* to violate the laws of voting. We can point to to six or eight coun ties alone where Van Huron received more bad votes than his who e majority in Viginia. It is hard to bear such injuries—most hard. But, let us bear them now, but take caie they shall never happen again. The whigs command the Legisia ture. They can, they ought, they must, p;otect the country against election f.auds in future ” The National Intelligencer of the 10th inst. gives returns from all but 18 counties, showing a Hani rison m jority,so far, of 809. The Richmond Whig of Tuesday says:—W*e have returns official and reported from all except 9 counties: Logan, Lee, Russel, and Scott hereto fore V. 8., and Fayette and Nicholas, Lewis and Braxton, and Handolph, Whig The present V. B. m jority in the counties heard from, taking the highest reported Van Buren majorities is between 4 and 500 The vote of the lemaining counties will produce, aud may overcome this majority ; but it is not probable. Maine. The Boundary Stale is almost certainly Harri sonized. Returns from 304 towns reported in the Boston Atlas of Sa urday morning, :how a gain of 850 over the vote of September. The number of towns and plantations amounts to 360. It is sup posed that in Hancock and Washington Congres sional districts the scalteting votes will again pre vent a choice. Kentucky. This State bids |fair, thinks the Lexington In telligencer, to give Harrison 20,000 majority. Ohio. The Buck-eye State, says the Wheeling Gazette of the sih, promises to give Harrison 2u,000 major ity. Indiana. The Hoosier State, by returns from nine counties, shows a Harrison gain of 468 votes since the late Governor’s election. Michigan. The W T oolverine Stale, in five counties, gives a Harriaon gain of 180 since 1839. Peunsy Ivania. The Harrison majority in the Key Stone State, is stated by the National Gazette, of Monday eve ning last, at 218, by the North American, of Tues day at 186, and the Inquirer, of same date, at IS3 or 175, at the lowest calculation. Upwards of 285,0( 0 votes wcie polled at the election : where as the late October elec'ion the number of votes was but 256,1.-7. The Whig bead quarters weie illuminated, on the evening of the 9 : -h, in celebra tion of the event. New York. In the Cataract State, the Hairison majority, ac cording to toe Commeicial Adveitiser, of the 9lh, will be swelled to 120G0. New York has spoken with the voice of Niagara against the Admiuistia tion. Gov. Seward’s majority will be about 10000. We make the following extract from the Adver tiser : “ Governor Seward’s majority will be about the same as it was in 1838, perhaps a few hundred less, in consequence ol the opposition of a portion of the bar, to the new and reduced fee bill of last session, for whicn the Governor was unjustly cen sured ; a’so in consequence of the school-fund question, which, strangely enough, has been work ed up in such a manner as todrive the whole body of Irish Roman Catholics, in a compact phalanx, into the arms of their wor t enemies. The Northern section ol the State his dene no bly. The Van Buren men were chuckling much last week, over the defeat of Senator Tallrnacge in Dutchess. But this defeat is only partial, as it is believed the Whig elec oral ticket ha< a ma ori ty in that county, w-iile Silas Wright’s own coun ty, si Law ence, has gone dead against him, and elected a Whig member of Congress—Henry Van « Rensslaer. Esq., a so* of the late Patroan of Al bany. We have not room for a table of members of Congress-elect to-day. It appears to to be pretty well spttl d that the Fan Buren parly have gained six members, while the Whigs have gained lour — leaving a net Van Buicn gain of two. The Whigs will orobably have a majority of eight in *he House of Assembly, and of about thirty on joint ballot.” Mississippi. A slip from the office of the Tuscaloosa Monitor, dated November 9th, says —W T e have intelligence of the vote in the following 12 coun'ies in Missis sippi, viz: Attala, Choctaw, Hinds, Lowndes, Leake. Madison, Monroe, Noxubee, Oktibbeha, Rankin, Warren, and Winston. In these counties the Whig majority last year was only 102 votes now it is 1547 ! —being a gain of 1445 ! ! Mississippi may be, and is, considered safe for Harrison and Tyler. In 1836 Van Buren’s majority' was 291 —and in 1839 the Democratic majority for McNutt o.e r Turner, for Governor, was 3114. Tennessee. Reported majorities in Lincoln and Bedford Counties about 2000 for Van Buren. In the same counties Polk received 2433 majority. Alabama. Montgomery County. 323 Harrison majority' ; in August the average majority was 169. RuSSrll County, reported Harrison majority 350; in August 135. Macon County, 425 for Harrison ; 250 in Au gust. Presidential Election. ACTUAL EESULTS. H. V.B. 1. New Hampshire, o3*^4^ 2. Rhode Island 4 3. New Jersey, 8 o 4. Connecticut, 8 5. Maryland, 10 6 Georgia, 11 7. Chio, 2 1 1 9. New York, 42 10. Maine, 10 11. Kentucky 15 12. Indiana, 9 16S 7 “ Does your mother know you are out,” as the Whig said to Van Buren, when the news from New York was received in Washington. THE DAY IS OUYfS. Harrison Elected President. “Now are our brows bound with victorious wreaths; Our bruised aims hung up for monuments ; Our stem alarums chang'd to meny' meetings. Our dreadful marches to delightful me-sures. “ Grim visag’d war hath smooth,d his wrinkled front.” Oh ! who that shares them ever shall forget The emotions of this spirit-rousing lime When breathless in Hie mail the couriers meet, Early aud late, at evening md at prime, When the loud cannon and the merry chime Hail news on news as Stateon State is won! When hope long doubtful, soars,at length, sublime. * * * * Oh ! these are hours when ihrillingjoy repays A long, long course of darkness, doubts, and fears— The heart sick faintness of the hope de ayed— The waste, the w r oe, the mischief, and the tears That Hacked with tenor,many rolling years, All is forgot in this blithe jubilee ! Her downcast eye even pale Affliction rears To sigh a thankful piayer amid the glee That haiis a Despot's Fall and Peace and Liberty ! The sentence is pronounced. The administra tion of Mhti n V Ajf Bi hkx, terminate.-* forever on the third of March next. William Henht Hun niso\ is President elect of these United Slates. La us deo ! Most heartily do we congratulate our friends throughout the country, and the friends of Re publican instuuTons throughout me world upon this glorious result. Most grateful do we feel to the beneficent being who guides the destinies of nations, for having rescued us from the disastrous consequences and tor having averted the woful calamities that threatened to follow the contin uance of unworthy men at the head of the af fairs of this people. The grieved spirit of Lib erty returns to bless us. The down ward tenden cy of affairs is arrested—a virtuous people have peaceably redressed their ow n wrongs, vindicated their own history, and their own insituti n*. Of ficial audacity stands rebuked, and Executive power, terribly as it has struggled, is checked in its unmeasured strides. A spirit from the inmost sanctuary of Freedom, has been awakened from its slumber, aud has come forth mighty to retrieve to renovate and restore the energies of the repub lic—to rebuild the temples or Liberty, and to re el k nd ! e tae fi es up >n the altars of Patriotism Long life to the Republic ! Let no one here after despair. The American people appreciate the value of the treasures they possess—nor will they permit them te be lost. They have given tne world assurance that they arc still capable of self-government, and determined to perpetuate its blessings.— Madisonian. No Fish Story.—Stand aside, Mr. Florence, with your Potatoe from Lincoln, and let Upson speak of her slip ! Raised in Upson County, by Robert M. Jackson, Esq , another Tippecanoe Potatoe, measuring 29$ inches in length, and 26 inches in circumference, and weighing ten pounds. D’ye give it up ? Upson County. From the St. Augustine News of the 6th. More Murder. On Sunday morning last, as Lieut. Judd, 3d Ariilleiy. was coming into town from Fort Bearie. with an escort of a serjeant and 2 privates, he w'as fired upon by a conceal* d party of Indians, and Se jeanl Field and private Mclleen killed; pri vate Kai was severely wounded, as well as Mr. F. Falaney, who was in company. Lieut. Juno and the wounded men rode off a short distance, when the soldier fell from exhaustion ; Lieut J. dismounted, and, with a greatly tone commended care, laid him into some hLh grass. On reaching sown. Lieut Brown of the Artillery, with a few men. started out and found private Kai k alive, though severely wounded—and the bodies of Ser jeant FiELuand Mullken stripped, horribly knifed, and the head of the serjeant carried off The Indians captured their guns. The bodies were taken to Fort Searle and buried; private Kain was sent to the hospital at Picolata. Lieut. Judd behaved not only with great bravery, but humanity in assisting the wounded soldier, and hit escape uninjured, is truly remarkable, from a fife o 12 or 16 rifles. Mr. Falaney isseverelv w'ounded in the shoulder. Lieut. Brown, with great activity, pursued the trails until late at night, as well as Lieut-, Ridgelt and Hardee, when the latter took their position at Hewlett's Mills. Several citizens went in pursuit, and reaching Fort Hanson, Lieut Sanchez, of the Volunteers, joined with his command. The trails of the enemy were most numerous, exhibiting their having seperated into small parties, crossing and intersecting each other, so as to elude all sue cea.sful pursuit. O K.— Off for Kuba.—We are informed that Francis P. Blair, of the Washington Globe, has sailed for Cuba, in the Chrutoval Colon. We do not hear that Mr. Woodbury or Mr. Poin sett are am ng the passengers in that vessel.— Probably Mr. Blair has gone on as an avant courier, to see that comfortable quarters are pre. pared for the r reccp.ion by the fourth of March —v\ tjo York Times . Council Chamber. November llth. 1840. / Wednesday, 7 o’clock, P. M.y Council met pursuant to adjoumment. Present —Hon. D. Ho jk, Mav or ; Aldermen Par ish, Mt'ler, Dunlap, Bones, Flemming and Harper. The minutes of the last meeting were road and confirmed. The petition of D. Mahony, J. 8. Tnttle, and > others, for a pump to be sunk on Water-street’ ■ was read and referred to the Committee on Pumps ■ arid Wells. > Mr. Warren appeared and took his seat. > The monthly returns of the city officers were ’ received, with the Collector and Treasurer’s re ceipt for the amount annexed to their names. The Jailor, balance casn received s27,l’* Clerk Lower Market, Fees and Scales 168,37 * Clerk Upper Market, Fees 5,22 Keeper of Magazine, Storage 68,25 City Marshal, Fines and Guard House 163,00 Tnc Sexton reports the interments fiom Ist to 3 30th October to be nine white persons, three of whom were from the country, eighteen colo.ed persons, seven of whom were children. 1 The Keeper of the Hospital reports 14 patients remaining in that institution. ; The follow ing resolutions were passed. Resolved that after the 12th inst the bndge • beeper be instructed to prevent the large Omnibus from passing the bridge! On motion the Committee on the River Bank and Wharf were requested to enquire into all mat ters connected with the city interest in the Union - Wharf, and repoil to the next meeting of Council. The following ordinance was reported, read three times and passed. fAn o.dinanre to prevent persons crossing the ( Augusta Bridge with horses or hoises and vehicle going faster than a walk. 1 e it ordained by the City Council of Augusta, and it is hereby ordained by the authority of the same, that all persons hereafter crossing the Au gusta Bridge with one or more horses, or horses and vehicles, shall cause them to go no faster than ■ a walk, under the penalty, if a white person of 1 paying a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars C or each and every offence, and if a slave or free person of color under penalty of receiving not ex ceeding thirty-nine lashes for each and every of fence. T bills were severally read and or dered to pe paid; Michael Grady, on acc’t streets, $37 st) L. G. Basford, “ Pumps and Weils,.. .72 78 Glendenning, Payne & Co do 21 62 Isaac Taylor, on accT do II 00' George Thomas, “ Freshet, 6 50- F. Blodget, “ Incidental, 24 25 J. L. Moore, “ do 8 37 J. H. Mann, “ do 14 75 Gardelle & Rhind, do 5 00 J. W. Houghton, “ Streets, 613 . Ed Collier, sen. “ do II 60 J. G. Dunlap, “ Hospital, 37 87 Dunlap & Hyde, “ do 5 15 H.Caffin, “ do 17 50- A. Cunningham, “ Streets, 40 50 K. H. Watson, “ Freshet, 237 J. Simpson, “ Hosp’l & Grave Y’d. ilB 00 Bones Carmichael, Water Works, 850 B. F. Chev , “ Guard H0u5e,........ 17 25 Hand & Scranton, Freshet, 11 84 Samuel Hale, “ Water Works. 65 38 i The following drays were ordered to pe paid for their attendance at tiie fires of the 25th October and 9th November, in the order in which they are 1 _ J 1 j. rated: 1 No. 46 and 61 Five Dollars e ich. « 29 “ 63 Four “ “ “ 22 “ 21 Three “ “ 12 “ 12 Two “ “ “ 49 “ 59 One “ “ The accounts of W. Sindersine were referred for I examination to tne Major, with power to act. On motion of Alderman Warren — ; One thousand dollars was ordered to be added to i 1 the contingent fund for repairs on the Bride, under ! conti ol of the Mayor. 1 Council adjourned. S. H. OLIVER, Clerk. Steam Ship President. It has just been announced by tne telegraph at Staten Island, that the steam ship President, „ Capt. Keane, which sailed on the Ist for England, I is now coining up the bay. having experienced J some accident, the nature of which we have not I yet ascerta ned. The rumor is that she has bio -3 ken her larboard shaft. —New York Times of Monday. The New York Express of the same day savs : ) —The steamer President has returned on account i of want of Coal. Since she left, she had contin ued gales of wind and had to lie too for 4 clay s, when the amount of coal on hand was thought . to be 100 small and she put away for New York. y Apalachicola, Oct. 31. We copy the following from the Irwinton Champion of tne 22d inst. “In hi ax Deprivations. —We are indebted to the politeness ot Dr. Thornton fur the following 1 extract of a letter from a gentleman in Baker . county, 16th inst, giving an account of rerentde i predations committed by the Indians 111 1 homas 1 county Georgia ; “A few nights ago Mrs. Manning’s house was . robbed and burnt, ii was supposed by Indians. , Mrs. Manning’s residence is Bor 10 miles from , Elkin’s ferry on the Oaklockney. The following . day Ind aus crossed the road near the above named 1 ferry, who were immediately pursued by acompa ; ny of the citizens, and about SIOO woith of the 1 properly recovered, together with a tin cop upon , the bottom of which was engraved ‘ L Read.’— - There was no person killed, though 7 or 8 guns r were fired at the time of burning the house. There is a company now in pursuit. Three $ individuals have been arrested on suspicion of i having conducted the Indians into the country, . their names are James Barries and John and Joe t Cook, both of them brothers to the notorious 1 murderer of that name. The person to whose 1 charge they were committed have set them at j liberty upon their promise to leave the country. 1 Some suppose them all to have been while men t in disguise. s ] Bum Malkch Adel.—This vessel, whose e suspicous course has excited so much attention, j s has, we learn put into Bahia, and was there ta g ken in charge by an American ship of war, who g C!lrr| ed her to Rio de Janeiro.—Commodore Rid c o e *y had entered into an investigation of the ex- j traordinary conduct of the captain, and it is proba ble he will send him to the United States. In J letters received in this city from the captain, be !, says that his chronometer having run down he 1. was anxious to correct it. and fired at the vessels - who reported his conduct, with blank caitridge, - to compel them lo heave to that he might obtain t the tme from them The respectable house !. who despatched the vessel from this port do not 1 know that be had any shot on board.— N. Y. Courier. From the Pennsylvania Inquirer. China—its l a; ly History. We have recently given several articles in re lation to China. 'The last number of the West minster Review furnishes us with materials for another. The subject aiill possesses deep inter est. as well because of the unad.usted condition of affairs between that empire and Great Britain as because the people of this country have until within a short period paid very little attention, comparatively speaking, lo the manners, customs, history and ability of llie Chinese as a nation. The empire is the oldest existing on the face of the earth; and on glancing at the stream of time in which the progress of nations is illustrated, one cannot but be struck with surprise, that while so many have tisen. flourished and tottered to its fall, China, with its hundreds of millions of inhabitants, should have so long kept on its course, and with so little change in its great na tional position and features. I is a matter of equal surprise and of interest that a question like dial of the introduction of opium into the country, should, because resisted bv the Government, and lor a moral object, lead lo conflict, and wild a power that prolesses Chris tianity in so eminent a degree as Groat Britain. According to the Westminster Review, the Chi nese appear to have existed apart as a cistinct family, on the same spot where they were plan ted, when the worla was first made the habita tion of human beings.— The Chinese, as early as the dale of Tnebes. had attained a settled form of government and a high state ot civiliza tion, and have maintained 111 the East tor several thousand years, the snne comparative intellectu al rank, which the English, French and German holds in Europe. The following is an account of tiie three earliest Emperors, acco ding lo Chi nese historians : Fuh-he, it is said, began to reign 3369 B. C., when the Chinese are described as being in an uncivilized state. One authority says. “ the peo i pie at this time lived on the spontaneous produc tions of the soil,” an ithcr that “ man at tr.is pe riod differed little from the beast knowing that he had a mother, but knowing not his father; no form of marriage being then observed. “ When thirsty or hungry, he sought drink or food, and clothed himself with the sk. ns of animals,” which in after ages, became articles of barter. Fuh-he is introduced as” teaching the people how to catch fish and how to cultivate the soil.” as “ the inven tor of the Pa-kwa.” or eight diagrams, by winch, with “the use of knotted turds, he recorded tne events of his government,” as being the origina tor or *• nu nerals,” Arc. and • the inventor ol musical instruments, sih and kin’. It is stated ny Chinese historians that he reigned 115 years, and was succeeded by Shio-nung (or the Divine Nung,) 3254 B. C. We are told of him. ih it from nis youth he inane himself acquainted with the live kfinds of giain, and ail kinds of shmbs and vegetables, especial !)y those possessing medicinal virtues. Shin i nung felled the tree to make a plough, and taught i the people agriculture, as weli as the healing art. : By him davs were appended lor regular bailer, j Ho died at Chakm after reigning (as slated) 140 years. During this reign Shuh sha. the governor of a province, revolted, and slew the minister Ke, sent to remonstrate with him and bring him back to his allegiance. Shin-nung, shocked at the crime took blame to himself, and became more than ever intent upon cultivating virtue, and exer . cising a mild government. The followers of the rebel Shuh-sha, equally indignant at the con ! duct of their leader, came and suomilted lo their | liege lord. This is the first mention ol murder : by the Chinese. Hwang-te ascended the throne 2732 B. C. He was remarkable as a child. It is said that he was 1 able to speak while an infant in arms, and that he grew up distinguished for his wisdom. An other revolt was subdued by this monarch’s su perior mililia tactics.—One ot the odes in the “ 18he-kmg.” alluding to this period, describes man as more ferocious than the wild bear or tiger.” The invention ot the sward, battle-axe, and large bow, and ascribed to one of the nobles, Che-vew who declared war, was defeated, made prisoner, and slain by the Keen-yuen. (Hwang te) whom the noble proclaimed emperor. At this | time Tsang hee improved the mode of recording events, adopted by Fuh-he, by the invention of | written characters.—One writer observes, that all modern written characters may be traced to those ■ invented by Tsang-hee. ; About this lime we find the minister Youching ordered to erect an orrery to assist certain officers in recording the phenomena of the heavenly b dies ; and calculating the revolutions of the sun, moon [ ai d stars. Another minister, Le-show, is said lo i have explained ihe principles of Arithmetic, and lo have fixed a standard for weights and measures, i which, with slight alterations, exist to the present ; day. Ling lun received imperial orders to correct ! the popular music. The empress Yuen was re quested to instruct the people in rearing the silk worm, and m weaving cloth for garments. The L land w'as divided into acres. £ The emperor died at King-shan, after reigning !; (according to the historians) IdO years. Great ft are the praises bestowed upon him. His actions are described as having accorded with the fixed | Jaws of heaven and earth, and with the decisions r? us fate; his virtues a* having equalled the bene volence of heaven and earth, and lienee, it is said, p his people were happy.— Another writer says of ; him. ‘ Hi? eminent virtues were diffused through [.the empire; we glory in lus benevolence.— j Tiiough dead, he lives in our affections.” i Fuither details of the succeeding monarchs are given; but our limits prevent us from referring lo them at any leng’h. The Chinese were requent ly subjected to struggles with the half civilized but war ike tribes on their borders, and about 1000 years before tne birth of Christ, the eastern foreigners are spok 11 of as exceedingly trouble some, and as compelling the Imperial Court to retire to the centre of the Empire; 800 years la ter, about 213 B. C. the et-leb ated wall of China, extending 15( 0 miles, was built. About this time, the law of non-intercourse with other nations, 1 was adopted. About the fifth century, the Tar jl tars to«K posses-ion of the North and West of i China, and the empire became divided into two kingdoms. These were united again 400 years ; alter. A. D. 1210. China was invaded by ihe Western Tartars or Moguls under Genghi Khan, who took Pekin in 1215 By the year 1280, the whole of China had submitted. In 1367, the Tartars were again driven out by Choo, a Chi nese General, who assumed the title of Emperor, and founded the last of the Chinese dynasties called the Ming dynasty In 1644. the Tartars were again conquerors, and in 1682, the whole empire was totally reduced by the Tarter Gener al Kang He. He was the tounder of the exis ting or Tail Sing dynasty. Confucius, the cele brated moralist and lawgiver, was born in 552 B. C. In all the several phases through which the I Chinese advanced, from barbarism lo a compara tively high stale otcivilizaii -n. they seem to have believed in a Supreme Being, whose almighty I power they recognised, and to whom a national worship was addressed. Besides offerings to Heaven, national sacrifices were offered up to the - mountains for their genial influences and to the powers or gods supposed to preside over the earth, j lor luxuriant crops, and even to the deities of woods, rivers, &c. But about the y ear A. D, 560 one of the emperors of the Leang dynasty busied himself sedulously in in reducing Buuhism. and Budhisrn or Bouditism is now the religion of at least one third of the inhabitants of China, as it is also of the Birmin empire and of a great, part of of Asia But modified more or less in different countries by other superstitions. Priests, how ever ol no icligion are a 1 lass much esteemed in China. 1 hey are g» ne ally poor, dirty in their 1 habits, and lead a mendicant kind of life. “ The arts #f literature in China are almost a* ancient as lie monarchy. Printing from wood en blocks (which for Chinese purposes, are su perior to our metal types) was known in China certainly many centuries betore the Christian era, although with us so modern an invention that it is yet but 400 years old in Europe. Paper of the same quality as tnat now in use, made of the bamboo and although thinner, less easily torn than ours, is said to have been invented 105 B. C* long before this period paper of inferior quality had been in general me. The celebrated emperor who built the great wall of China, is described as having been a ty rant and madman. Having been censured dur ing his life by differet writers, he resolved to de stroy the press, and strangle or imprison all who were connected with it. All ancient records were , commuted to the flames, and 460 persons who ie sisted, were murdered. Two years afterwards the omperior died, literature revived, anc has ever since flourished, f The system of government says the Reviewer, I is on the whole, favorable to the industry of the people, and the extent to which its once suppos ,; ed population presses in China upon the means i of subsistence is an entire delusion. The work . ing classes are contented, the rights of property - are n spected, and there exists in China as in I England, a large wealthy middle class. Chi* . ! nese servants we have foun. in our own experi ; ence as faithful and trusiwor'hy as those of Eng -1 land, and among their merchants instances are . on record of some who have risked their lives to j fulfil an engagement. The Reviewer expresses an opinion that all , the difficulties oelwcen the Chinese and the En > j ghsh have arisen from the blunders of the officers of the two nations, neither understanding, and each pevrerting and misrepresenting the conduct of the others The beginning of the rupture, he i says, may be partly charged to the mere verbal mistake of Lord Napier and others, in taking of , fence where none was intended, and a profound contempt for Chinese established forms and us ■ ages, which we have never given ourselves the > ! trouble to understand. i | He adds: I “It is our ignorance alone of the Chinese lan [ guage (as shown in our translation of loeir olfi , i cial documents) that has led us to conclude that the Chinese are wanting in courtesy and atten tion to foreigners, or arc in the habit of using nick names and insulting expressions. So lar . from this being the case, they have a proverb . which says: -He that spits dirt, first defiles his [ ;own mouth.” Personally in our intercourse with them we ha\e never found them either apt to give or take offence. r J hey are not, like hot and hasty persons, in the habit ot losing their temper, on slight occasion, but are generally cool and . collected, and much more willing than ourselves to forget, in instead of resenting an affront.” The writer of the article, who resided a num | ner of years at Canton, says: “whether just or not. there will be. perhaps has bet n, no difficulty in making reprisals, or in other words, seizing the propriety of Chinese subjects, to indemnify i our opium merchants for the loss they have sus tained ; but vve do not feel quite so certain of our power to force the Chinese government to resume the commercial relations which have , been interrupted. Commerce is the creature of . confidence, not of fear. The moral influence of , tile government over the whole people of China . is, perhaps greater than we suspect; and that f whatever influence it may possess will he exer . ted to stir op Chinese feelings of nationality and . pride against foreigners, there is no doubt. The . result of a similar quarrel in the case of the Dutch i and Japanese, was to exclude the Dutch akoge h , i er from the ports of Japan, which their ships j have now not entered for the last 198 years!’’ He adds in a note : “It is to be remarked that the value of the , opium would have been lost if it had not been , seized, but simply returned on the hands of the , consignees. We are now however, defending the . conduct of Commissioner Linn who clearly put his government in the wrong by placing Captain Elliott under restrait, and by so doing has afford . ed the British smugglers a chance of realizing the full amount of his shipment. Up to that time 5 j blame was wholly on our side. We were srnug r gling a prohibited drug, with the connivance of f the viceroy, it is true, but still in defiance of rc- I peated proclamations from the Imperial govern* , ment; and instead of employing agents with power like those exercised by Supercargoes of r the East India Company, by whom the trade . | was formerly kept in some sort of check, we j send over superintendents armed with authority, , and backed by no adequate display of force, by , whom the opium trade w r as allowed to run riot until at length it forced i.self upon the attention ot the government at Pekin, and is put down by the strong hand. From the English Correspondent of the New York American. English Mines and Mining. Newcastu-vpox-Tis k, Aug. 1840. That man must oe insane who should write a letter at Newcastle upon-Tyne. about any thing i but coal. He has but one idea—coal! One I thing fills nis vision—coal! Coal is the standard s of value, and coal dust the circulating medium. ■ The houses are built of coal. The streets are . paved with coal. The inhabitants live on coal, f The children look as if they were made of coal, i ami even the white clouds are black ! What a wonderful region is Durham and Nor thumberland shire* I The whole country is un- J dermuied. Buildings are erected 700 and 860 > f eet below the surlace ot the earth, and streets - and railways, running lor miles in all directions, 1 are daily traversed by thousands of human beings, t Newcastle, with its population of 66.000, stands i on the crust of a subterranean city. Some of its houses have sunken their foundations in conse » quence of the yielding of the ground beneath. - | J he river i yne. as large as the Thames at Lon , I don, floats its commerce over these vast caverns ; , | while at Sunderland and other places on the . f coast, the ocean rolls its wave over lire heads of j the miners. The chief wealth of Duiham and f 1 Northumberland lies hid in the bowels of the > car.h, where a very consideiuble portion of me 5 inhabitants pass half their lime. The coal pits ; open their black moudis on every hill and in . e\ery valley. Thcv may be distinguished far off - by th p towering enginery erected over them, em ■ ployed in rah ing the coal and water from the • depths below, and by the piles of the former , which lie around in Hillocks, waiting to be trans i ported to market. The country is lined wiih j railways—more abundant than hedge-rows—used i in “ carrying coals to Newcastle.” At every • half mile )ou meet with the little villages of the pitmen (as the laborers are railed.) The snug • brick cottages are arranged with regularity and ; taste—each having us petit grass plat in front, usually decked with flowers, and its vegetable > garden and fruit trees in the rear. What a con • trasi between these smiling though humble abodes : and the dismal caverns where the villagers spend nearly their whole conscious existence ! I Great labor and expense attended the sinking , of the shaft of a coal mine. The exact location • of the strata must be ascertained by boring be ■ fore the excavation commences. This determin ed. you know not what obstacles you may tn i ounler trom veins of rock or streams of water in your descent. And then, the destruction of hu man life almost invariaoly incurred by these per ilous enterprizes ! the gigantic nature of which ma\ he inferred from the fact that the shafts are generally sunk to the depth of 6UO or 700 feet, and sometimes to 1200! Great rejoicings o ten take place in the neighborhood of a colliery when a new stratum of coal is opened ready for working. Ihe following was the mode of cele brating the opening ot the famous Gosforth col liery, in this vicinity, in 5829. It is copied from a publication put into mv hands si \ -On .he Saturday pre.iou, : lam about to relate, the miners en, \ Unr « sinking a pit at Gosforth reached the co.i I ln years and a half had been spent in , , , • pit, the shaft of which was cut throiml w? thorns of solid rock; and therefore th,. 8 “ 60 f *’ considered as one of great importance inT** rounding vicinity. Among ot h er which took place on this occasion Wa sj ° lcill,s which was held in the mine, at the <l,.n't.* ? b,ll > 1100 feet below the surface ? The b »lV ° ab ° ut stated to have been in the form of aJT" .** width 15 feel, base 22 feet, and peroen.l . , ,u feet. The company to the number of .1“ 48 dred and thirty, of whom about one h °* were ladies (!) began to assemble at th P the mine at half past nine o’clock A. M tinned to descend the pit until 1 o’clock p ° R Immediately on their arrival at the hoi* or pit, eacn individual preceded to the f ac J' °/ tß ' drifts, and hewed a piece of coal as a °' biance of this perilous expedition, and turned to take a part in the festivities o fV* room. An excellent band composed entir I miners, were in attendance. As soon as ** cient number of guests were commenced, and was coat nued without 4nCIIIJ mission until about 3 o’clock P. M. w ( ' mer ' began to ascend the pit. which all of complished in perfect safety, highly gratified the suDterranean amusements m which tn partaken. The colliery at which this U Z\ tertainment took place is now one of the n tensive in Notthumheiland.” kl4lex ‘ The great exrent of the coal f , region may he imagined when it is known,?' Newcastle, which Is wholly engaged in it s ? second port of the Kingdom in the amount ..f? tonnage. The Tyne is covered with the ro i * wafting their cargoes to every part of the 4/ i As their sails blacked the river, one would'Ur? they were built in the eclipse, and ri s »cd wV-k darkness. Pluto’s navy was not blacker* A Patriot of the Revolution. A late number of the National InteiJi gence contains a chapter from Custis’s “ RecorifcJ? of the Washington family.” from which w ei . tract the billowing interesting relation of ii, jj" cident in the life of the brave and patriotic Oen Nelson of Virginia: “ A sublime instance of virtue and patriotism worthy of America’s heroic age, marked the«, of the the siege of Yorktown. General Kekn one of the conscript fathers who had signed t; - Declaration ot Independence in 17)6, was nor in the field as Commander-in-chief of the mihiii and Governor of the Slate of Virginia. balin' I elte, having just finished a battery mounting vefv heavy oidinance, and being about to open on th f town, requested Gov. Nelson to instruct him 1. I to the best direction of the guns. -There,”cried J the patriot and hero, without a moment’s beat*.■ tion, “there, sir, against that house. 11 is mine and being now the best in the place, no doubt II contains the British head-quarters. Fire upot i it, my dear Marquis, batter it to the ground mb. '1 er than that any property of mine should fori I moment afford a shelter to the enemies of nt I country. ’ And yet how many and how endearing rec lections must have crowded upon tire patriot! mind as he thus consigned lus ancient domicilii destruction. Erected by his forefathers, itn around its hearths that, in his cnildnood. be ht I played. Beneath its roof he had reared a mini rous and interesting family, and passed his belie ' days in dispensing the most liberal hospitality a I a large and estimable circle of relatives ini if friends; all, all were forgotten, as with Roma: heroism he bade the batteries direct their thus ,7 S ders against the seal of his happiness ami hi home.” The subjoined statement is added in a non. It is to be regretted that it cannot he sain this* the only instance of national ingratitude, when! similar service had been rendered, which the is. lory of our Government affords : “At a lime when the Treasury of Virgin# had neither a coin, or credit to obtain one. Get Nelson heard of an old Scotchman, named R who had a considerable sum in specie, which k I had buried after the fashion of the lime?. Tiek Governor proposed borrowing it, pledging tieK faith of the State or the General tioverninei: a Sawney observed, “I ken naelhinp o! your Go 1 eminent, but if ye will hae the siller tory»r« self, de’il tak me hut every bawbee of it is at je t service.” Nelson took the money, giving fc own bond. And posterity will ask, ‘ And M j m tire American Government, when become as t dependent and mighty empire, without dtbt,ati|f forty millions in hand, discharge this bond w-f grateful acclamations?” Truth replies, IS'ojlk impoverished family of the patriot paid the me ney that he obtained on his own credit,W-1 which to serve his country in his country’sgrtf i e»l need.” A aCICK WAT TO GET niCIl A Missis* cram of Pontiac, sometime since was perusint»K Texas paper, ami observed among the that bore a prominent part in the affairs of tkR government, a man bearing her own name,it™ jocosely remarked to her companions that had found a namesake in Texas and write to him and claim relationship. Tnis ff Jk lution more from curiosity and a desire ol no 1 p city than from any conviction that her hosp would be realized was carried into effect, wrote him a respectful letter, giving him alii»‘i ; .| ry ot her family and parentage, and suggest!*! that as the name was not as common as the the names of our country, tne probabiiit ’ * str .ng that a relationship existed between lb* ■ She received in reply, a friendly and affects I ale letter, acknowledging her as u cousin.k D(^,f I pressing an earn*, st desire that the correspond m might be continued. This was readily acceded to, and it f 3 1 riecl on agreeab y and salisfac orilv to both p* | ties, until very recently, when she recent r,u ligence of his death, and information will he had bequeathed her the harulsoio* !l ' of s2(>oooin goto and silver. lea\ii>ghi s P*’ ? * f al property and immense landed estate latives in that country. A few days previo U! i | the reception of this joyful commniiicaf* OD ' ’ had connected her fortunes with those ol * ll ; odist clergyman, and should iheir deeds ly comport with their means, the widow'* will be filled with joy, and many an oph»n 1 I to implore blessings upon the heads of d‘ eir ; efactors, for the deeds of their her.< - viJt‘i ,ff | generosity. — Michigan Northern Advocate — ~ . ly Dr. Conneau, physician to Prince - pole an. has obtained leave to he impnsoa 6 ” the prince in the citadel of Ham. Great loss of Life.— ld August last- H- S. Lily, while cruising in the Mozamhi<| ueC nel, fell in with a slaver and drove her Os her cargo, consisting of 550 neg roeS ' were drowned, and the remainder were taken board the Lily, and conveyed to Maritius* A monster mortar, made after the ni^ fl that which was employed at the seige of and which is destined for the museum ol * rU ' at Brussels, left Antwerp for that city on tb< ult. It weighs 29,240 lbs. Five shell*. * el » ing 5000 ibs., were sent with it. J Heads akd Tails.—A Calcutta P a P£ r t that Commissioner Lin at Banton. has very large reward for every opium smug? > head, and in retaliation the smugglers 0,1 east coast have deprived every maudlin ■ could lay their hands on, of his fail* long tails ornament the main stay of wait 0 clippers, but Lin has not yet got «nj ‘“ vU 5 display. m