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i CHROMOLB A? D SKNTLNCL. A If* I T A . SATURDAY M'/R.M, G, -MjVEMBKB 21. Editor'* Ctrr tspondcnce. :>JiLLZUovn.LE Triursday Nor. i )o 2 previous letter 1 pj es‘€xJ the opinion 4*l There was a dreposition ap iret;t among the opr •loan or Van Surer raem*,. rs to stave o*l the ;e --tuxaptiOQ of -per ;e paym at- oeyon-2 me 1-’ Ji February next. The ever ? of every day. and i might almost add of e very our, confirm the jus tice ot this opinion an 1 dejjlop'- additMnfti proof that there i? a powerful ad*uonal ipflaftßCe to oe brought to bear upon tketi ipdttore on this ques tion, no less powerful an i fluence than »orne of the Banks themselves, wh< ie vitality may proba bly be jeoparded V. reqaih g a return to *pf payments at that day. e country need :.ot therefore be disappointed (' nrk t*e prediction, J if the Legislature should exte d the t rne of resump tion tiil the coming in of tl next crop, it i- tr e that thefeeiiDg- of r oth ho ■*-- hare not t«-®n ‘uf xkiently developed to ju*t y the assertion that such will be the result, bus when we reflect upon the powerful influences whlih are to he brought in to requisition to produce it, lie presumption ri not extravagant,that it will be scomr.-Irihel The time of the Senate c-rird-y was p»c:t.- much consume-; in t’-e read ri of !>i ’s, the 2r ! and 3rd time. This morni? ; they re-con side the vote of yesterday refusi:; ; the parcon c: Jiow Hunter of Chatt oga an 1 pa el the B !. The Bill contemplating th; s', e" ’ •’ ■ the Legislature should * e vivo c- e came up this mor ning on its final pa —;.gc and tit I The time of the House ye terdajr w**i I «d in the consideration a;;d rt - - ; ' I the Res olutions and amendments the c‘o ot Mr. t-!ou; 1 of Washington, and the Hoi/ 'a coming to any This morning after readi ' the Joumari, the House proceed*.- 1 to the untin; .jed hus;nc«- 01 -- torday being the Resolution* 01 Air. Fltontj ol Washington. And after aa a' Mtininl —endment, the previous q-ieslio., »■ , a.: -j.g. toe further of the ? ">■.*. 1 e proceeded in t; i-; day. some iittie cadtaMd and ' ted debate occimed in the Ho e thi-» motning, on the recepti/n of a message 1. a tne (*ovt-,r. ji r. relation to a hedged frain ; e iate election ;n burnpte: t’onnty. The >iat», aiose on the .-e - into of reference t* a >serial 1 the friecrio.. 1 ju - sailtee, wr.*.-,h re-. Iteo in the ;><•;, r - • trier. Tne Bi-i m the rep-at ,1 •h law mairing an Itiui appropriatfj* ol O • -I hji., i- to id lege, being the •peci-1 o;de. < the day, 1 day in the Ho te, is now jr >. on-oderati m and ri calling forth and w. . 00 dm.l cm.tin*■;*• >eh ;* hfi animate ! ar.d :. ghly i-.te ogrJe’.ate. - at - continue beyond the ti me wbe this cornrnuuK a iton mu-,1 cite. .- . i.iar.t 1 ...i'.- 1/ interesting question, involv ijin short,nothiog teas than the ■> t: M.n; oft:.» -tato In-ti’-.t; ; a it» friends aKei-e, ao; .1 v :i eve; . f.cor g*an of wnateve. grade or con 1 ■: , v -to: feel a deep interest. J shall » ke occasion in a subsequent co;r.'n-;r Nation to r ro-'.-d t: t v before you: rt-'-nei-, exnihitiny '.u n.eriti ■ IhU bill, and t ; .e object of to ie of its friends-, a hen I feel coniident the great a-s of the peop e of (ieoig;a. wiH fr-jvvn in-icnan y upon ti*o-e v.; , are seeking the destru- ;i.n of a in-tit'. ; v. his received the fosieiingcare o the Stab,- of <leor ga from th<- moment tmt the ( n-titution error - led from the bar <t« ot • i •«-. ■■ ' patriot- - ; the Revolution. J. A labamii. From the Mobile Advei»'.- an-! j *o-a Monitor we have return* Iron 33 countie*^ —the Whig majority i- 1984, and 1 « msilki from. Aorth Ciaroli a. In 38 etotitf the Whig maj- Uj is 6541. Illinois. lu 63 counties Harrison’* rn ority is 21and 27 counties yet to heard fron ami a correspond ent of the Baltimore American rut- - liom M-av.- aoo town, that the Whigs are anguine in the hc tief that they have car.for If .. 1 -■ n by 3500. Ma«u>achii a ci The Boston Transcript of hi lurday states that the vote for Governor vra- as 1 How- : John Davi-t, 70,056 Marcus Morton, 54,167 Whig majority, 15,889 Whig gain ainco 18BU, 16, 16. T’he Mercantile Journal i»ia ;s tiial llie major ity on the electoral ticket, Nei Marlboro only to hear from, \t 18,217. I lut t wn ia 1839 gave • Van burea majority of 16 ; it <Ioe« the sarr. 6 thm year the majority for Har ? nr i iii t ! f ntatc ii JB/RJI, illissouri. Will go for V'an IJuren, bu' >y a reduced ma jority. In Ht. Louis, the vote st in August waa 4003—in November 4391. r i ie Whig majority ia about 650. In several 0 the atig;hboring counties the Whigs ha-c ai‘ - majorities —but not enough, it is said, to overt* ne t rio heavy \ m Buren counties in the interior. MaIURITI IN PnHSRILI Mi. —-'J’hc troj majority for Gen. Haiirisox in the Hutc of Pennsylvania is ascertained U he 343 votes, in •l«ad of 264, as first publishe 1 The error mi giuatsd, in staling the Van uren majoruy 1 McKean county at 32, when v was only I Fire* 1 \bout 7 o’clock on Tucsdal morning last ibo dwelling house of Mr*. N. M.ptone.near W -tr-lt inglou, Wilkes co., was discc ered to beod .no. It was found impossible tost {»the progress ol ihs fire, and the building was b ret to the ground; a portion of the furniture wai saved, but much valuable moveable property w * consumed wiili the house. Loss estimated «’ S4OOO, no man - •nee.—A'ct/r*. We cannot describe our leeli gs when we heard that New York had gone with o sweeping a ma jority as she has for the I'al lot Harrison ; we can only say they were exact! j those which we experienced when we received die glorious news •I Com. Hull’s victory. —Nor ><k Herald. Cosetkstkd Election. — i.)r. Duncan has served a notice upon Natha iol G. Penlleton, the Whig member elect fre >1 ihe Cincimiau District, Ohio, informing him hat he intends to puniest his election. F ora the N. V. Commercial Ateerti*?: . The next Cmigre**. The Journal of Commerce ol yesterday ctornii.; denned a coi inrm to *pecnlstion en the sutject c j the next Cck.tc*-. l iar.' \.n article w «ur;i part* ave t ir.i will le oi inte.'e;t. senate. —The .senate is at presc.-.t constitute at follows, there being nre vacancies. The tea mer tioreiat the top show? the dale when thei resf-eei.ve tern.? of service expire. Those n Irai ic« are Van rot;.. STATE'. li4l. lb-13. 1-T4.5. : Maine Rugbies,— IVill lam*... ! N. Hampsh'eJT'-Wrrrf,.. -Pierce- .... ! Vermont.... Prcr-tlss^.. .Pbeip?,.- .. j Masssachu’g.Davi?. Webster,.. R. Island ... Knight, Dixon r 1 Connecticut. Smith, .....Huntir g‘ on, Kcv. York.. Wright, .. .Tallmadge r I New Jersey. Wall Souiba c, .. Penasjlva’ia Burhanem, .Stvrgeon, . . Delaware. - -Cla;. ton, ... vacancy.’ i Maryland. - 'vacancy.} Merrick,... * Virginia... .Rcnne, *,vacancy.j \. Carolina., 'vacancy.’ ’’vacancy. * .S. Carolina.. Calhoun ,... Pre«toa, Geo-gia .. . .Lu;,tpkin r . .Cnthbert,... : Kentucky.. .Crittenden,.Clay, Tennessee. .Anderton,.. Crumbly, Ohio Mien r Ttippin,... Louiiiana . (a*,. . ■ Mouton~ .. . ’ Mk'liigan... Sorcell Porter, Arkansas. . .Fulton, Sevier, Missouri.... Linn, Beni 0n, .. .. j Alabama... •King G/ay r Illinois Robinson, . .Young, MUsi'iipDi .Walker, ... Her. tier* on,. Indisna > r nith r White The 6»*nato;? named in the first column rear? prior to, or simultaneously with, the inducii oi ’ Gerf. Harrison into odice. by the expiration of: eir term Os the-e seventeen >enato.n all are uc - Buren men except .' ve, wiiose names are p;i ! < ’in Roman Os the 30 wio old ovor, and who will regularly continue in office during t e where nr a pTit of Gen. Harrison’s Admin.-tr?;: >n. 14 are Whigs (their names are print® i in R■ man,) and -i>.»een Van Burei* men. * ne \\ big v-l: ~ . Mr James F. 8 nirnons. of Rhode Island, has tee. ciecie.i within a few days past, for s:x years from ti e4'h of March c<-xt; leaving 21 to he elect- d between now and the date just me' ticoed, either fur a full term cr to -.11 vaca-eie?. Os these it may be es--ected that .t lea«t 1 I will 1e Wr »«, vix.: one Lorn ’ >a : .ne,o..e from Massach setts,oue In. 1 New Jeisey, two from DeUwa e, two ir n \ - ginia, two from Noilh Carolina, one from Georgia, one from Kentucky, one from Louisiaena,one fro n Maryland, and one from Micnigan. There is a chance also for a Whig from Tennessee, . i of * Mr. Anderson. But countirsg only those to 6c elected by Legislature- known to Le \\ ; _•. and leaving the rest for the Administration, the accc ; t would stand t : : s ; Whig*. V an Burtu. Hold over, 14 16 R. Island -Senator ejected. .. 1 To lit eler-te-J, 14 7 ■29 23 [ Tots I 52. s cii wiil probably Le 1 .<• < ors,iv>-i --tion of the new >enate ; giving the Whigs ma ; jority of six. Hotrsc of Kepkcsesvatives. The Journal gives the natr.e* of the rnem .er- tuns fa; e!< ted to the 27th < onare*?. ad aigt’.e lollowing re-ap ’- alation ; 4\*. V.B. W. gain. \ .B. gai-i. Va'-aii its. Loui>is.na,. .2 1-1 Missouri,—- 2 - - [ Vermont,... 5 2 Maine, 4 2 2 - *2 Georgia,... .9 - 3 - - PennsyTa. 13 14 3 11 Ohio, 12 7 4 - N>w Voik r . 19 21 5 7- New Jersey, 6 - 5 - - S. Carolina, IS— - Delaware,... 1-1 - - Michigan,... 1-1 - Mtu*ad»’s. 10 1-- I Arkansas,....- 1-- £3 57 £6 9 1 *We have put these down as vacancies for the present, became we have no ceilain information of i the new elections. It however appears pro ,able that Joshua A. Low* 11, V. B. is re-elected in tne 7 tft ai'trict, and a V. B. man will of course be elect ed in the sth ;t e failure to e tat the first trial having resulted from the fact that there were two 1 Van Buren candidates. Showing a neit Whig gain compared with the present Congre*«,of 17 memners, w.iich make- 1 di.iererx e of 34 in the relative strength of partlr -. Ore hundred and two member* ere yet to ciro- ■ *en. 'l’utal 242. I fie present I ? - :«e 01 Reprc-enfativescam; -es 118 Whigs and 121 Van Buren men. 'I Le States above mentioned have elected i 3 \V iug- and 57 Van Boren men to the next Congress ; ?■ dis the remain- • ing .Stale'! send men of the -ame politi- s a- before trie House will comprise- 135 \\ nigs and 17 \~n Buren men; leaving Lie Whigs a majority < f 28 in 1 Hie House and 31 on joint ballot. Th«. Mice i> that lher wi!( hat ea larger majority than thi- r.i f b-1 er tliaa a stnallei. From lilnckicooa'* Magazine. Remiiiks on Hu- I rench oci uption of 41- Kien. The invasion of tire Algerine territory, by llie French, ia one of the rnoat remarkable evident' ■» that nalions arc not lobe laugh: either common i justice or comuion sen se by suffering. We th*re 1 ace Fra, ice after livoaud-lwenly yeara of nal: >nal misery, taking the finst opportunity to ro!> and shed the blood of her neighbors. .She bad no more cause of war against liie Algerines than the antediluvians; but it occurred to her imbe cile gov eminent that she wanted ‘-glory,” and to her uicaiie people th;il glory was to he found in cutting the throats of l urks and Moors, un fortunate enough to live in u territory wiier»* she expected to find land cheap, dollars at the sword’s point, and triumph for nothing. Providence, it is true, often lets tools and val laiiii take their way ; out perhaps there never was an nstance, not excepting Napoleon’s own, where - ..he punishment of the original cul prits 101 l owed, with such distinct, complete, and immediate vengeance on the crime. Within a twelvemonth, the government which had son »cd th ; s atrocious project was utterly ex tinguished; Charles the Tenth and his dinasty driven fom their throne, and exiled from the land for life; his ministry, the Poliguacs and , their associates, thrown into a long and severe | imprisonment, a laic singular among ail the changes of European cabinets, and alter narrow , ly escaping the scaffold, also cxried for life; Mar ' moot, the chief military counsellor of the king, forced t> fly from France, and never daring tore turn ; li ourmont, the commander of the invasion ■ never venlurikg to set his foot on the French soil j since and stiil a lugilive through the world; the invad ng army, of 30,000 strong some of the j finest troop* of France, long «incc destroyed in I Africa ly the climate and the warfare of the Arabs, scarcely a man of them having returned. And ! after th:*. sacrifice of probably twice the number of lives iu a disputed possession of nine years, they are now fighting within cannon-shot of Al -1 giers ! i The war has begun in earnest. While Abd cl-Kackr lives, France wiil probably have to carry on a continued war, more or less open. If he shall fall, the spirit of other chieftains will be formed while the animosity survives ; and it will suvive, j grounded as it is in the nature of things, in the native repulsion between French cud Mahome* j tan nanners in habitual hatred ol the native foi the Invader, and in the strong teiigious antipa thies which have already enabled live African leader to proclaim hia assault on the French as lhe“ holy war.” Even the fullest possession of the Algerim territory" could never be of real value to France it has no harbours, and can therefore never be i station for any thing beyond a privateer or a pi rate. In tho event of a Europeon war, , mua he abandoned, or France must consent to lad up 50,000 troops there, with the certainty tha famine, the Arabs, and perhapi and English ex ped:don, will perform m Algiers the second part of the Egyptian campaign. But the great points of criminality subsist, even if me po;icv were, however, soccer-ful; and those are, ibat the in v va-i-.a wi- made absolutely without any c»4» hut a delerminalkm to plunder, and that the con quer. has lee,; 'euimd.in direct ar.J cnqa«- : * '=: able defiance A the mo*' solemn, pu'. sic. sa«l re *' pea’eJ declarations. lat no conquest what !” ever w<* intended, at that, as in t <3 instance of Lord ExmouriTs expedition, t.e c ment t at satisfaction was obtained, the whole armament was to te vs itbdrawa. It argues a deplorable slate of moral feeling, . to find that no ( man in France has the honesty or . heart to protest against this iniquity; that the r legislature can find no warning vrice, thattue - journals are fierce in their wrath against any idea of abandoning Algiers, and that ail France madly seems to regard the national crime a- a nation.,! gtory. From the D i-tiru-yre American. , The G ote of-Saturday publishes Mr. (.'l,ll s j great <»i rj the . >och an able 1 etj' -riion of a financial question is welcome a* ; arq li .e—out i? is ai Ue remarkabb? that among | the many Congressional .-peeches published in . , the Globe since the a Ijoarnrnent of the two ( Houses, this particular one should lave found no * place unui now. Nevertheless it comes appro priately ; —the prediction with which it closes is nvw r tnfroiited v, ;;h the fulfilment. The speech j was delivered in tneScnate on the ”Oth January. I 154a); i concludes with these words: M Mr. President, for ten long years we h ive been * wc-ring s.a ust the alarming growth ot Executive i l power: but although we have been occasionally ; cheered, it has been constantly advancing and never receding. You may tak as you please about h :.k expansions. Tnere has been no *>er * nicious expansion in t' is country like that us Executive power; and. unlike the operations of banks, this power never has any periods of con , tract! n. You may denounce as you please the ; usun-itions of Congress. There hs- been no r 1 usurpation but that of the Executive, which has • teen buh of the powers of-»r - - -ordinate de partments ofthls Government a..,, upon the Stales. . ■ f rc .sea race! y remains any power in lh • GovernrnentVout that of the President, ilc sug tre-'s, originates, controls, checks eve nr thing, i The insatiable spirit of the Stuarts, 101 power and prerogative, was brought upon our American throne on the 4th of March, 1829. It came under j ail the usual false and hypocritical pretence* and disguises of love of the people, desire of reform, an;! diffidence el power. The. Scotch dynasty •♦ill continue-. We have had Charles the First, and now have Charles the Second. But I again thank God that our deliverance is not distant; and that, on tin 4th of March, 1841, a great and 1 glorious revolution, without blood and without convulsion, will be achieved. Address, At thf P iln-!rlpftii Asri-'nllurn! Kxhihitif-n. HI MCUOLAB RIDDLK, Ml;, Grvn.KM: M-e arc a---tabled to witness our first exhibition siace the recent donation by j ihebtite. Our Society while engaged with all its own resources in improving our agriculture, appealed to the Legislature, as consisting main- ' . ly of farmers, and asked that, while so many j million were expended in the transportation of ; our productions, something should be given to assiv i.i rendering tl/osc productions themselves more abundant and more valuable. Accordingly a law was passed placing, every year, at the dis posal of the Bori<?ly a e m ©f fifty dollars for each member of the Legislature for the city and county of Philadelphia, to he paid out of the t-- xes to be raised within the city and county.— 'Phis, though small in amount, is important from it/* example; nor, in entering upon the first en joyment of it, should we omit our thanks to the j Legislature for this maik 01 regard for the farm ing interest, to the members from the city and courtly, who liberally supported it. and more es pecially to those members of this Society to whose exertions we owe ike succcts of this ap plication, among whom it would he great injus tice not to name George V, . Roberts, R.T. Pulls, and Cv t. Thamas Haynes, but in the c-i .cial manner are the acknowledgements of all Lrntc: ? 1 due to Mr. James Gowen, vv .0 i- aiways in the 1 front lank where pu; iic spirit or private liberali ty is nee Ud. The Society hive thought that unemployment j of tlie additional means rounded to them would be so useful as to bring lire firmer* together, to exhibit the b- st specimens of their industry; and | by small hut honorable premiums to encourage a generous com pi tition in every branch of farm ing productions. Tie prizes for the test crops j must be decided at a la*cr part of the season.— But the exhibition of fanning and farming im pie meats i? now before you; and it is made my j duty to add something appropriate to the decis ion. Tuis I do cheerfully, and what I shall say will be very plain, very practical, and as you will learn with pleasure t very short. My purpose is to say a lew words about the real condition of | farming in Pennsylvania: its natural advantages; ! its acquired mean*; and then suggest such im j provemenfs a* may make our farms more produc tive. Sunn". — We hive all the breeds: among others peculiarly our own is what is called the Ches ter county breed, just coining into great deserved estimation among us. Even the common breeds that run a'out,without knowing their extraction, is often 0 imirable. I remember well that the Pennsylvania Quaker farmer, Jacob Brown, Com mander-in-chief of the American army during the last wars, told me how much he was struck by the beauty of the hogs winch he saw running ’ about Philadelphia, and have since often bad oc casion to admire them. Os all these various animals we have specimens now before us which we may ail examine, and, 1 j if we desire it, obtain them at reasonable rates; and no one can doubt the real economy of the farmer of possessing those improved breeds.— ? An inferior animal takes as much trouble and ! as much food as a good one, and then the care and the expense are often thrown away upon 1 caUle that will give neither tuiik nor beef. How ’ j many stunted milk cows do we see who may be ' said to go dry all the year round—how many » j steers who, after emptying a whole corn crib, at ' I last, in tha spring, look like the crib itself, all J ribs without, end hollow inside. But crossing 1 and training have created animals who turn at 3 once into milk or beaf every thing we put into 3 them —who gives plenty of milk if you want 1 milk, plenty of fat if you desire beef; and who > coming earlier into the dairy or the market, save ! a whole year's expense of feeding. I hope there r fore that we may profit by the present opportu nity of improving our stock, and encourage the * spirited breeders who place the means of do : ng it in our power. And now we come to the real reason why our y crops do not equal those of England. It is, that our farms are all too large—too large for the means we employ in farming them. Agricul- ! > ture is the only pursuit I know, where the own e er does not employ his capital in his business.— He rents or buys a large farm, and then he has ,r nothing left to stock it with. He might as well L " rent a large store without goods enough to fill a n j single corner of it. In England it Is supposed 13 necessary, before renting land, that the tenant | should have a working capital, of thirty or forty 10 I dollars an acre, to employ. It is calculated that, p: besides lime and other enriching substances, the a j cost of the mere animal manures applied to the t* ! soil of England amounts to three hundred mil st. firms of debars; being more than the vain® of h the whole of its foreign commerce. \et the grateful soil yields back with interest all that is [* thus lavished upon it. And so it would do here, if we would only trust the earth w.th any portion of our capital. But t..is we rarely Jo. A farm er who has made any morey spends it not in his bu-.im -s, but in some other occupation. He f buys more Kind when Sit ought to | ma nure ; or he pum oat hi* motuj in some joint stock com any, to convert sun.-nine in*o moon shine; or buys share' in some gold mine or lead mine. Rely upon it our richest mine is the bam yard, and that whatever temptations stock- or shares may off. r the best investment for a farmer is live nock and plough thuns. Another defect in our farming is, that we do not raise sheep enough. Some years since, we were among the first to import the merinoes, anti to indulge in the w.M ks- of that extn vegance, until we had secured vast numbers of these high priced animals, without any previous accumula tion of ruo*s to »us:ain them, and then found : we should have to purchase expensive food for I them. That a once disenchanted us. It wan i then sr-cn that not only in palaces but in sbeep \ folds “a favorite has no friends." To enthusiasm succeeded disappointment and disgust, and these ■ unhappy victims were sacrificed to the knife, for |no other crime than their appetite. Vi e have j not vet out grown this horror —but it was entirc jiy our own fault. There are many parts of the j State where sheep would take care ot themselves, , in the woods during a greater part of the year, j and the root-crons would fumUh a cheap und i wholesome support during the remainder. And this leads to the great improvement which, j of all others, we most need, which is tlie multi ! pHcati n of root crops. No soil can withstand a succession of grain | crops; and instead *f letting it lie fallow in order j to recruit from its exhaustion, as was the old plan, the belter practice now i*, to plant in tlie same field a crop of roots. These draw their nourishment from a lower region than the grain crops do ; they derive a great part of their food from the atmosphere by their large leaves, which at the same lime shelter tl e soil from the extreme heats: they provide a fresh and juiev food for cattle during the w inter, thns enabling us to keep a large stock, which, in addition to the profit oi them, furnish abundant manure with which to | return to the grain crops. Now this should be | our effort—more roots, more cattle more manure, ‘ theti more gain. We cannot much err in the j choice oi these roots. Common turnips Swe | Ji-h turnips, mangel wurzei. a re all good, though ■ in various degrees; but perhaps the sugar beet j will be found the test of all—not for tlie pur- I po?-e at least for (he present, cf making sugar— j but as the most nutritious tool fur cattle, and the most milk producing vegetable fur cows m ; winter. These root crops will grow abundantly: I and what I should especially desire to see is, that we would confide in our long ami mild autumns, and *ee if they would yield u ; - a crop of roots j planted immediately as the grain harvest were re moved, so as to be ready by winter for the cat le. Another thing which we should strive to amend 1 is, the unfarmerlike and slovenly appearance of ; our fields. Clean cultivation is like personal neatness to an individual—a great attraction to a farm ; but who can see without mortification our ( fields of Indian corn potatoes, just as they are ver | ging to maturity, out-topped and stifled by a rival ! crop of weeds, which seem watting with impa- J tieiue for the real crops, when thsy and all their sc; d may take exclusive pu -e-Mon of the ground! j T.se rule of farming eh uld be, never to let any thing grow in onr field which we did not put there; and Ihe value a- veil js the beauty ot the crop weuld more than pay the expense 01 removing these noxious intruders. N rdo w® pay sufficient attention to our gar dens. V.’c are U*o when content with a small en | clo.-ure, where a few j>eas and hems and a little | .-aiad are lelt to struggle with a gigantic family of weeds—not to h eak the frequent inroads from j the pigs—and what can bo saved comes at last on i oui tables the scanty companions of the masses of animal food w hich forms almost our exclusive subsistence. For such a wilderness, how easy w ould it be to substitute the cheap and wholesome luxury of many vegetables which would grow without the least trouble, arid, while they gave variety to our tables, would diminish our exces sive and expensive u-c of animoi food ! Tnc same want of neatness pervades the exte rior of our dwellings. V.’o look in vain fur the j trim grass-plot, the nice border, the roses, the climbing vines, and ail the luxuriance ot our na- ; live wild flowers. These cheap and works, whi' h seem trifles, make up the great mass 01 ten- ! joyments; they are the innocr-n! occupations of j the young members of the famiiy—the elegant luxury of them all; and they impress even a pas- j ring stranger with a sense of the taste and ease of the farmer. In fruits, too, we are deficient. Our climate invifis us to plant, and there is scarcely a single fruit which will not grow in the open air, and all of them prosper with a little shelter. Undoubt edly there are insects which infest them; but 1 these, care will exterminate. Undoubtedly some species arc shortlived, but it is easy to provide a succession; and even many productions which we used to think uncongenial to our climate wnll succeed if we will only try them. For instance, I am satisfied, from my ow n experience, that eve ry farmer may I ve his patch oi grapes quite as 1 readily as he can Ids patch of beans or peas.— I He lias only to plant ins cuttings, as lie would Indian corn, at sufficient distances to work them i w ith the hoe-harrow. They will live through the winter without any cornering, and with less la bor than Indian corn, because the corn requires re-planting every year, while the vines will last for a century. He will thus provide a healthful plea-ant fruit for his family use, or a profitable ar ticle for the market. 1 was about to name one more improvement, bull hesitate about it—l mean the substitution of oxen for horses on farms. All the theory is in favor of tlie ox. He costs little, works hard, lie cats little, and when we have done with him he is worth more than when \vc began ; whereas u horse costs much, and when he dies is worth comparatively nothing. Yet, after ail, it will be difficult to bring the ox into fashion. He has a failing which, in this country, is more fatal than madness to a dog— he cannot “go ahead and it seems a severe trial for our impatient Ameri can nature to creep behind an ox-plough, or to doze in an ox-cart. And then there is a belter reason, in small farms, where both oxen and hor ses cannot be kept, tor the preference of the horse. The ox can do only farm work, and is utterly useless for the road. He is of no benefit to the farmer’s family. We can neither make a visit with him, nor go to church with him, nor go to court with him ; and if the present immense po litical assemblies are to continue in fashion, they would be like the buffalo meetings in the prairies, and it would be more difficult than it now is in political conventions to find out whose ox gored his neighbor’s. There was one caution which I would have ventured to offer some years ago—-against the indulgence of expensive habits of living, and an undue preference of things foriegn over the fruits cf our own industry—but w*hich, I rejoice to think, is no longer necessary. Long may it con tinue so. Simplicity and frugality are the basis of all independence in farmers. If our mode of living be plain, it belongs to our condition ; if our manners seem cold, or even rough, they are at least natural, and their simple sincerity will gain nothing by being polished into duplicity. Though Italian mantel-pieces and folding doors are indispensable to happiness in cities, they are not necessary to the welcome of country hospital ity. It a finer gloss be given to foreign fabrics, let us be content with the simples which come from our own soil and our own industry; they may not fit us quite as well, but, rely on it, they become us lar belter; and if we must needs drink J let us prefer the unadulterated juice of our own orchards to ail exotic to that bad translation into Fiecch of our own ckirr, i failed champagne. ' I have *{*okcn .»f firms an-J of farming ; e. r»»c •':M a?• w wo. • ji.t ,;•,»> farmer. J j-./» | n was, v-.Sioii it wi' i n iash.ion to speak of the • Per- :.-sy Jvcnrn fjrmei as a Joll, plodding i t * r “ j wu> *e p oper representative was the Conestoga 1 i horse by h;>?ide: ind; the rent to the education of > bis children, anxious only about his laige barn, and v. hen the (eft«'.cultivated part or the farm was the parlor. These caricatures, always ex aggerated, have passed away, and the Pennsyl vania farmer takes his rank among the most in ■ tdiigent of his countrymen, with no indisposition t j for improvements beyond the natural caution 1 with which ail new thing? should be considered ■ I before they are adopted. But an unwillingness 1 . to try what i- new : »rm= no part of the American character. How can it oe, since our whole Gov • eminent is a novelty ; oar whole system of law? ’ is undergoing con-unt changes; and we are 1 daily encountering, in ail the walk* of life, things ' which startle the more settled habits of the old world. V. hen r-ucU novelties arc first presented, the European looks back to know w hat the past ■ ) would think of it—»he American looks forward to find how it Will affect the future; the Europe *,» thinks of his grandfathers —Tfie American ot h - grandchildren. There was once a prejudice again-I a!! these thinr —against what was called theory and book-farming—but that absurdity has passed away. In all other occupations, men de sire to know how others are getting on in the same pursuits elsewhere ; they inform themselves of what is pacing in tbc world, and are on the alert to discover and adopt improvements. The J fanners have few of these advantages; they Jo no? nret daily at exchanges to concentrate all the news of commerce; they have no factoiif-«, v here all that is doing among their competitors abroad ? di-cu-sed; no agent to report the slight jest movement-w hich may affect their intere.-‘<. They live apar% they rarely come together, and have no concert of action. Now, this defect can be best suppli d ’ v reading works devoted to their intcre-ts. because these may till up the leis ure bout* which might otherwise be wasted in idleness or misemployed in dissipation ; and as some sort of newspaj er is almost a necessary of h’ • let us -elect one which, discarding the eter nal v iolcnce of party politics, shall give us all that is useful or new in our profession. This Society has endeavored to promote such a one in the Farmer * Cabinet, a monthly paper, exclu sively occupied with the pursuits of agriculture— where we may learn what is doing in our line over all the world, a? so cheap a rate that, for a dozen stalks of corn, or a bushel of wheat or po tatoes. we may have a constant source of plecsing and useful information. I think, however, that we must prepare our { selves for some startling novelties in farming, i We were taught in our youth to consider fire and water a? the deadliest foes. They are at last reconciled, and their union has produced the master-power of the world. Steam has altered | the whole routine of human laoor; it has given ?o England alone the equivalent in labor ot four hundred millions of men. As yet, commerce and m nu fact are* alone have felt its influence, but it oannot be that this gigantic power will 1 >ng be content to remain shut up in factories and ships. Rely upcm it, steam will before long run off the track into the fields, for, of ail human employment?, farm-work is at this moment tbe mo-r dependent on mere manual labor. Be not. therfore, surprised if wc yet live to see steam-plough making its hundred furrows in our fields, or seme huge engine, like the extinct mammoth, roving through the western forests, and mowing down the woods like a cradler in the harvest-field. Wild as (his seems, there is nothing in it stranger than what we have all wit nessed already. When Fulton and Oliver Evans first talked to us about the steamboat and the railroad, w e thought them insane, and already we enjoy more than they ever anticipated in their most sanguin p a !,i •meats. One of these applica tions of steam—the raising of water for agricul ture—l have already attempted, in my own small way. You know that the greatest enemy cl our fanning is the drought of midsummer, whe n all vegetation withers, and the decaying crops re proach u? with suAiring the magnificent rivers by their side to pass away. In the Southern • climates of the old world, men collect with great (oil the smallest rills, and make them wind over their field-—the hand-bucket of Egypt, the water wheel of Persia, al the toilsome contrivance of manual labor, are put in requisition to cany fresh ness and fertility over fields not wanting tbcm more than our own. With far greater advan tages, absolutely nothing has yet been done in that branch of cultivation ; may we not hope that these tecble means of irrigation may be superseded by steam, when a ew bushels of coal may disperse over our fields, from our exhaustless rivers, a un dant supplies of water ? All these improvements which may adorn or benefit our farms are recommended to us not on ly by our own individual interests, but ny the higher sentiment of our duty to tbe country. This is essentially a nation of farmers. Nowhere else is so large a portion of the community enga ged in farming ; no where else are the cultivator? of the earth more independent or more powerful. One would think that in Europe the great busi ness of life was to put each other to death; for so large a proportion of men are drawn from the walks of productive industry and trained to no other occupation except to shoot foreigners al ways and their own countrymen occasion!ly while here, the whole energy of all the nation is directed with intense force upon peaceful labor. A strange spectacle this,of one, and one only .unarm ed nation on the face the earth ! There isabroad a wild struggle between existing authorities and popular pretensions, and our own example is the common theme if applause and denunciation. It is the more importaut.|then, for the farmers of this country to be true to their own principles. The soil is theirs—the Government is theirs—and on them depends mainly the continuance oftheir [system. That system is, that enlightened opinion and tho domestic ties are more stable guaranties of social tranquility than mere force, and that the govern ment of the plough is safer, and, when there is need, stronger than the government of the sword. If the existing dissensions of the old world are to be settled by two millions of soldiers, ail ours will sosn be decided by two millions of voters. The instinct of agriculture is for peace —for the empire of reason, not of violence—of votes, not ot bayonets. Nor shall we, as freemen and mem bers of a domestic and fireside profession, hesitate in our choice cf the three great master influences which now rule the world—force opinion, and affection—the cartridge-box, the ballot box, and the band-box. Novel Moi»e of Transition.—A German Journal plays off the following harmoniousyVu d' esprit upon that eccentric and somewhat fa mous Marquis of Waterford. Wonder if some crack-brain won’t take the hint and set about some plan to get a dolphin harnessed. It would not be less practicable than hundreds of the con ceits for locomotion which have been cherished at different periods, i o take excursions in a carriage or vessel is nothing new, but entirely original are excursions on a hsh. Pnis is a very recent discovery. That celebrated aristocratic rowdy, the Marquis of \\ aterford, is the fortunate inventor. He pur chased a bcautilul dolphin alive, and by a very ingenious method, placed on each side of the uolphin s belly a cylinder, made of oiled silk, perfectly water-proof, filled with air, and of such a size that the dolphin can move freely on the surface of tha water, but is utterly unable to dive under. Between the cylinders, and exactly on the centre of the dolphin’s back, is placed the seat for the Marquis, where by the aid of reins, h< directs tbe nMverseiitt of Aibi. na* given to the dolphin. Ai , founding ordering on if f . **•’ c '- , intended trip will I*. f r ,-, :n : ’iri iand the Msr.pvs t!,i„ K . j K , this trip i„ ji,. u 11 ** I i, , 1 , u 'prtccdtntfel - fe 1 boa /*— hence he will beat the quick* ** < with ease. Should he succeed r | make some more exicn-wo r. , ’‘ e :3 t*t s !j?.* , this new and important discovery o r, j s.iould find many imitators, it j 3 '. ■/ 'T : ; the race of dolphin? v. ii; V(j and ultimately this great i; ;TP! j oblivion.’’ "’ vn W;: -j, I Debt of Vmr., Xl4 j ■ ?/ the State of V ‘ r ?inU accordinz Beacon, is at the present lime 56.500qL* 3 * IT 6 * * U lta ' >:lmes «*» acts am h-T n: '- I | for works of internal improvem-nt Jk L S *S to >3,442,120 more. ’ MiRIUGIi. A >M VOi T :.. T | friend, who is particularly f on j I of Ihe time,, and ,'ho I oetter indication of pro-perity « < ! of marriages, expresses the cpbion *k | discovered this gratitying maik **p| i in morals and society within the I MoH sincere I? do we rejoice, if **•' I rcct. We have long thought that * Ci -I |an understanding should exi-r. j, q." " lr? ’ peci&lhr, in relation to the term of :We consider it moral I v wren? on r- Urt ' t: P' i tor, to huger on year after vtar in h R ( any-oright parttcuGr star,” I her. in some measure, of the general ° *■” j attentions of others, without some r. J 5 1 pect as to the termination of the r* i * | ship. ‘ ihe tinth is. there is a time for a : l o and even the attachment of a vou n? siooed being may have its bounds ‘ ( . r hope be delayed year after thus sickened, and the cheek'rohM by di-appointraent. Marriage is an C recognised and enjoined both bv the hT'-f'r and of man—and if there he anv amon**/* I Jers wh °. having courted a year or u o *j, f r> courage or the means to venture bes re iK,u meneai altar—they should exhibit some oe^ ? magnanimity and wriMeniahand.ackr.jwV their true position, allow others an opportuni^ 1 pressing forward and possessing the' . rU£ W , J j ! they have neither the ability nor the comT? obtain.— Phiiad. Inquirer. ' * —_ From the Boston Courier. j COXSOLATIOV FOR Mh. V*y BiatS-! • good President must be in a condition son**- similar to the reverend old patriarch of th ? t i of L'z w hen he was told that the Sabeaashaii en upon his oxen that were ploughing. anduh them away—that the fire of God had fallen ti his sheep and servants, and consumed them—ik' the ChaM -ans made out, three bands,acofe upon tne camels, and carried them awav-j --finally, that a great wind had come from thin., derness. and smote the four corners of tbe hot* j where Lis friends were assembled to drink wb and they were ail dead.—The parallel U rath j striking. Ohio, Georgia. Maine New Yoj. New Jersey. Maryland, and probably all tbe is jof his lie_-e and loyal subjects, have been lost a j j him, by the agency of the Whigs, or by the fe j •of heaven or the wind from the w lderness, » I Hampshire—obedient, dutiful New Hampshire- I still bends before him, and exclaims, ‘-/on/y & |r i escaped alovi. to ted thee.” i . A Gixr.HAL Rule.—Loco Foco Candidas fox,office receive the largest majoritirs agoir them where they are best known. COMMERCIAL. Tautest dates from Liverpool, O'tobr Late*t dates from Havre, Lcioktr: AUGUSTA MARKET. Friday EvEsrvG.Nov.3C. Cotton —Our Cotton market since our laslnw j of the 11th in«t., has been very animated. j daily advance. The chief sales thus far «fcs j wagons, at prices ranging from 9 Q& ft .-rsn 1 lan advance in the course of the last ten dip L; ful'y ito be. lb. Our river still keeps goo< steamers of right draught to approach our wtu> Exchange —On New York, at sight, — 5 1' ; cent for current funds; Charleston at —s»l 1 cent; Savannah 2 cent; Philadelphia cent; Lexington, Ky. par d 2 cent; RkhnwiK j a cent; Specie commands —ft o cent prea Bank Notes. — Savannah Banks, 2 S ct pre Columbus Insui-ance Bank 3| (ft - “ k Commercial Bank, Macon, 3 \fi- “ j Mechanics’, “ (Augusta.) 4di - “ Agency Brunswick,“... 4 (t - “ Pianteis'and Mechanics 7 Bank, Columbus, 1 & - “dhc- Central Bank, 7 ft - M Milledgeviile Bank, 4 a- “ Ocmulgee Bank. 7 <f - “ Monroe Rail Road Bank, 10 ft - “ Hawkiosvilie Bank, 7 .ct - “ Chattahoochie R. R. <fe B'k Co.. 1 (3- “ | Darien Bank, CO ft - “ J i Bank of Rome, lo ft - “ Union Bank, “ 50 « - “ Southern Trust Co. 30 3 - “ ( All other Banks now doing business, at par. Specie Paying Banks. —Mechanics' Barx,!*-! ranee Bank of Columbus, Commercial B".nk of-M con, and Bnmswick Agency m | MARINE INTELLIGENCE. —laß Savasxah, Not- !■ m Went to sea— brig Excel, Ladieu, New !«»■ V 20 Charleston. Nov. - Arrived yesterday —ship Cabinet. Lionel, “ ana ; Br. schr Francis Cockburn, McKiMWJ>* (N. P.); schr Joseph Gorham, Wil is® s ' - York. Cleared —ship Medora, Turner, for tbf-^ e U i-anean-, brig Daniel Webster, Trescott, N- ’ r jjj U ent to sea y r sterday —ship Marathon, , Boston ; brig China, Small Havana; hiig' ,Cl ' Chase, Provilence. C. C. GAUDNBR) FACTOR AXD COMMISSION MERC HA- h G. B. Lamah, C. Cazenove Gardner. nov*^ Otf* The Constitutionalist will publish the three times. (CT A CARD.—DANIEL MIXER, W M j' tor of the United States Hotel, thankful friends in Georgia, and the travelling public g J ally, who have so liberally patronised h‘ ro former establishment, solicits of them tlie I ■ t the * lie a continuation of those favors ai known spacious and convenient establbhm Eagle and Phoenix Hotel. Attached to the Hotel are Stables with f convenience necessary in that line, oct 26 dim (fj- Dr. W. S. JONES tenders his prote* ?lt services to the citizens of Augusta and its He may be found at his residence o:i side of Green second door below Mclntosh or at the Chronicle and Sentinel office.