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val, six new Schools had been formed, and that 533 pupils had been added to the Common Schools, besides several to the Seminary and Preparatory School. The whole number now un der instruction, is 4,487. CORRESPONDENCE. From Major Francis fV. Armstrong to William Hicks and John Ross, Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee Na tion. Ridges Ferry 19. July 1828. Totiie Two Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee Nation, William Hicks and John Ross Gentlemen: I am instructed by the Sec’y of War, as you have been appri zed by your Agent Col. Montgomery, to visit your Nation for the purpose of ascertaining, as far as practicable at this time, the disposition of the Cherokee Nation, to cede to the Uni ted States, a strip of land sufficient to make a Canal or the Rail road on, (as the case may be,) so as to unite the waters of Tennessee with those of Ala. at some point on the Conasau- ga. It is proper that I should state, that I have no contracting powers of any kind whatever, my instructions are to converse freely upon this very im portant subject , with such of the lead ing men of the Nation as I could meet with. This I have had the pleasure of doing today, with yourselves and Major Ridge—Upon my report—If necessary—Commissioners will lie ap- I pointed to moet the Nation at such time and place as may be agreed on by the parties, for the purposes here in stated. I flatter myself from the conversation which we have had this morning, that your answer to this communication will be such as to authorize me to make a repoit, expressive of your willingness to confer with Commission ers when appointed. With great respect and esteem, I have the Honour to be Your Qbt. Servant, F. W. ARMSTRONG. Headmen Wm. Hicks & John Ross, Present. Nation, over which the State miist ex ercise its laws. Under such circum stances much embarrassments and lit igations would arise between the Cherokecs and the Citizens of the States. And from the improving con dition of the Nation, we cannot but flat ter ourselves that the Nation will be prepared with better roads across the portage of those rivers, at least by the time the United States, or the State of Alabama shall have completed re moving the obstructions in the Coosa river up to the Ten Islands. With great respect and esteem, we are Sir, your Obt. Servants, WILLIAM IlICKS, JNO. ROSS. Major Francis W. Armstrong Present. COMMUNICATIONS. From William Hicks and John Ross, Principal Chiefs fyc. to Major Fran cis W. Armstrong. Ridges Ferry C. N. July 19. 1828. Major Francis W. Armstrong, Sir,—We have had the honor to receive your communication of this date, informing us that “you are in structed by the Secretary of War to visit the Cherokee Nation for the pur pose of ascertaining, as far as prac ticable, at this time, the disposition of the Nation to cede to the United States a strip of land sufficient to make a Ca nal or Rail road on, (as the case may be) so as to unite the waters of Ten nessee with those of Alabama, at some point on the Canasauga.” In reply to this part of your communication, we will inform you, that the sentiments of the Nation remains the same, as has been made known to the former au thorized agents of the United States, who had been instructed to negotiate with us on this subject—that is, the Cherokee Nation objects making fur ther cessions of lands to the United for any purpose whatsoever. There fore being so deeply sensible of the unchangeable disposition of the Nation on this point, we cannot in the sleight- est degree flatter you to make a re port that will induce the General Government to appoint Commissioners for the purpose of renewing the sub ject for negotiation. In presenting you with this candid expression of the sentiments of the Nation, we hope Sir, you will not be disposed to im pute this objection to any unfriendly feelings of the Nation towards the States interested on this occasion, nor view their decisions emanating from a gross ignorance of the great impor tance and the utility of internal im provements; especially when you re flect that some of your own enlighten ed States have cherished a jealousy towards the United States exercising the powers of merely making internal improvements within the limits of the States without infringing upon the sovereign Jurisdiction of the States— "But Sir, what would be the situation of the Nation, were they to make a ces sion of land for a canal or rail road through it? However small or insig nificant the cession may appear to be, so soon ns it is made to the United States, the right of sovereign jurisdic tion passes through the U. States to Philadelphia, April 5, 1828. Editor of tiif. Cherokee Phcenix Dear Sir:—I have seen by chance the first number of the Cherokee Phoenix, in the hands of Mr. Duponce- au President of the American Philoso phical Society, who is going to send it to a learned society in France as a great curiosity! I am a great friend of the native Tribes of America, whose history I have investigated more deeply than any one else, and particularly of the Tsa-la-gi or Cherokees, the remains of a very ancient and powerful Nation, now coming to glory again. I am wri ting a general history of the American Nations, and my history of the Tsala- gi Nation will be very interesting; it might be still more so if I could pro cure from you some fragments of the ancient traditions preserved in the nation. As some new facts may be evolved in the pages of the Chero kee Phoenix, I wish to procure that journal from the beginning. If you could send me two copies of the Cher okee Phoenix, I would send one to Europe, where it will be preserved as a rarity. I understand that a Li brary and Museum is forming by the Cherokee Nation; I wish to offer them 25 volumes as a present, and also some articles of natural history, when you will inform me how they may be sent safely. I send you this letter and also the Prospectus of my history of America, through Mr. Ross Post-Master of Iiossville, to insure its reception, as I do not know if you have a Post office at New Echota. I send you also here annexed two series of questions on the language and history of the Cherokees, which I beg you will in sert in your journal, in order that they may be answered by the best inform ed Cherokees. You may probably answer yourself those on the language. I wish to study the Cherokee Alpha bet and am perplexed by the difficul ties that I state. I understand the French, Latin, Italian, Spanish, Por tuguese languages, and a little the Hebrew, Arabic, Sanscrit and twen ty others. I wish to compare the Tsalagi with all these; I have a small vocabulary already and I think that I can trace some of its affinities to the Sanscrit, Etruscan and Atalantes.— And in America with the Tala (or Tarasca) of West Mexico, Otolum, Muhiscas &c. This will be confirm ed or disproved by your answers.— The main point to be ascertained is, whether all your 85 syllables have each a meaning in the Tsalagi lan guage; if they have, it will be an im portant philological fact. Respecting your ancient history as a Nation, let me suggest the proprie ty to rescue it from oblivion. Now is the time, since Education enables you to write your ancient traditions before they become totally lost. An example has just been given by Da vid Cusick a Tuscarora chief, who has lately published in English the ancient history or traditions of the six nations, going 2500 years back. I wish with all my heart, success to your attempt to become a perma nent Nation. Act with firmness and propriety and you may overcome all opposition; right and justice, law and treaties, with all good men are on your side. But you must not shut the eyes to your situation, you will not be allowed to remain independent! the stronger you become the greater the danger incase of War will be said by the southern States, and your tol eration of slavery lessens the sympa thy of the Northern States. You will be removed at last by force to some equivalent place, far off now, and a- years Fate; it is by respectfully, but repeat edly asking to form a kind of Territo rial government, annexed to the Fed eral Union, so as to become an inde pendant acknowledged Federal Ter ritory, with a delegate in Congress, and the privilege to become a State when yoir population will allow it. This is tlje kind advice of a true friend of your nition. C. S. RAFINESQUE. Professor of History and Botany, in Philadelphia. P. S 'Pray are there any Botanists in your Nation, or any one able to pre serve and press plants in herbals? I should widi much to procure the plants of youi country and Mountains, particularly the medical ones. I have published a first volume of the Medi cal Flo/a of the United Slates, and am novj writing the second volume. What Is the Tsalagi name of Guess, inventor of the Alphabet? It is a pit- y so nany letters are so near alike. QUESTIONS ON THE TSALAGI / LANGUAGE, By Professor Rafincsque. 1. Why is there such a difference between the alphabet published by the United States in Indian treaties, and that given in No. I. of your Journal or Guess and W. alphabets? I do not mean in the order or pronunciation, but in the forms, terms and nutations? 2. What mean the 3 letters all 3 pro. xm (french) oori of Guess, & what is become of them? What is become also of Clqngh p, Cleegh e, Clah c, Cleg]u,, Cloh v, and the nasal Gnaugh * t * 3. Why is the name of the Nation ewy pronounced by Guess Tsah-lah- keeh an<j by W. Tsa-la-gi? are the sounds G and K interchangeable and also Cl and Til 4. Is really the Tsalagi Language totally deficient of the sounds B, D, F, J, P, R, V, X, Z, Th, & all nasal sounds An, En, In, On, Un ? and how are tlujse sounds changed in writing foreign words? how would you write my name Rafinesquc, for instance, per haps Lahineska? how Washington, Jef ferson, Europe, Phcenix, Boston? &c. 5. Has not every syllable of the Tsalagi a proper meaning or import in the language when standing alone? if they have, give the meaning of each, this is very important!- 6. Are there not several dialects of the language yet spoken, or is the uni formity complete? what is become of the Ayrati dialect which changed L into R, and called the Mountain Che- rokis Otari instead of Otali, and the whole Nation Chiroki whence your English name of Cherokecs. Are they all gone to Arkansas? 7. What is the meaning of the fol lowing historical names and words in Tsalagi, translated into English. Otali, <&\vp Tsalagi, Alati, tnvj Teomi, Olata, aww Melilo, Teliquo, Tanassi, Araana, Talasi, Cusa, Matika, Alega, Satula, Olaimi, Atsala, Talomeco, Utina, Awalatsi, Timuaca, Mayla, Hitanatsi, Yamasi, Atsora, Quowatsi, Aquovvaka Hemalini, 8. Try to give literal translations of the Lord’s prayer and some other fragments, word for word in opposition to each other, so as to offer at once a view of words and Syntax: but the words must each be separated and distinguished either in two perpendic ular lines or double lines, one word Tsalagi and one word English annexed to each other and separated from all others! 9. What numerals are used by the Tsalagi, give the names of numbers to 10, in letters, and the cyphers? Do they count decimally or how? 10. I send you a short vocabulary of the Language spoken by Apalachi, Timuaca or Yamasi in 1640; please to to compare the words with the Tsala gi, and point out those which have a resemblance, or give the correspond ing Tsalagi words. the State within whose charter it may fall. Here then would necessarily I gain from thence within 50 b.e a narrow strip in the heart of the |There is only one way to uvert this Man Piro,cara,hua. Woraart Nia, Father Iti, Mother Isa, Child Chirico,kie,xilc, Brother Niha,hiasa, Sister Yachamiso, j3o. Amitai Do. Yachacamina, River A chi, King Cusi Cube, Queen Qui, Emperor Para cusi, Earth Gua,aga y Great Ma,mi, Holy Hari, Priest Iaohua, fine Milana Valiant hiba, 1 one minccota, 2 two naincha, 3 three nahapu, Fish Baza, Wasa, yes haha, maize haze: naarimi t Mountain aimi, house maste, boliio, God Yao,Q,uc,Tcc,Io t Spirits Inama, Teka City, Meli, Council Ilo, Sun Ol,lmga,tona, Bird Tsuli, Lake Tseo, Gold Sierapira, Silahila, my no, thine ye, his her mima, our mile, your yaya, theirs lama. C. S. R. Questions upon the iiitory of the Tsalagi or Cherokee Nation By Professor Rafincsque, author of the General History of America, Phila delphia, April 1828. 1. I have formed the following ta ble of all the great Rulers of the Tsa lagi mentioned in history and fragments printed. I wish to know whether any thing to the contrary is known by tra dition or otherwise, and whether the names mentioned have a meaning in Tsalagi? Chronological Table. Towards 2200 years before Colum bus, the Emperor of Gold City or Me lilo expo;, ruled over all the Nation frgm the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. The Nations were called Talegalii Wtfsa, and divided into 2 tribes of the mountains and plains, O- tali cMvp and Olata aww.—(Cusick, Bridstock, fyc. $*c. Y owards the year 400 of Christ or 1100 before Columbus the Otali sent a large colony to Mexico where they are called Tlatuytsi co*o.—(Brid stock. Towards 500, The Dinasty of the Teltlahim (perhaps Telatlahimi bwc- ah) ruled over the Empire of Apala- cha (perhaps Awalatsa dc.w&] extend ing from latitude 33 to 37, this dinas- ty still ruling in 1640.—(Br. Towards 1150 Expulsion of the Nation Matica, *-a©.—(Br. In 1540 at the Invasion of Soto, Queen Cofaciqui or Qouwatsiqui «v«Cl,- h-ip ruled over the Tsilaki. In 1565. The Emperor was Olata- utina (MVw-o>je. In 1643. The king of Atsalaka was yet dependant on the Empire of Apa lacha. In 1700. Litsi was king of the Tsa lagi, but a revolution takes place, he is driven south in 1716. In 1717 Chamascula orTsamasgula is king of Tsalagi. In 1736 Moytoy was Emperor of Teliquo and Tsalagi. In 1751 Ostenaco was king of Echo ta and Tsalagi. In 1770 Oconestota was king and Atagnla great General. fn 1785 Koatohi king of Toquo, makes peaee with United States. In 1791 Tsilioha was great chief of Tsalagi. In 1798 Tskagua was the great chief at the first treaty of Teliquo. In 1804 Molutuski was great chief at the second Do. In 1805 Enoli was great chief at the third treaty of Teliquo. In 1816 Nenohutuhe or Pathkiller is the great chief. 2d Question—Give the names of all the great supreme chiefs of the Na tion, as far back as memory or tradi tions go, and try to fix their successive order and time? 3d. Question—What is the sub stance of the oldest traditions as yet preserved? how far back do they go? do they not point to a connection with the Nations Apalacha, Timuacas, A- raana, Matica, Sehama, Meraco, &c. all parts of the ancient Empire of Ta- legawy? which must be Tsalagi, 4th Quest.—What have been the ancient wars of the Tsalagi? what na tions did they deem foes? and which friends and allies? what nations have been incorporated or adopted? 5th Quest.—What were the caus es of the separation of the Tsalagi from the Apalacha towards 1716, or 112 years ago? was it not their alli ance with the Spaniards, while the Tsalagi become allies of the English of Carolina? 6th Quest.—Whereabout were the holy mountains of Olaimi, the capital Melilo, and the Lake Tseomi mention ed in 1643 as yet seen by Bridgstock? where was Talomeco capital and tem ple seen in 1540 by Soto? w'as It Tt liquo? 7th Quest.—What traditions or fJ hies exist concerning the origin of flJ Nation, the monuments they have built anciently, &c? are no migrations changes of places remembered? 1540 the Tsalagi extended all over) Carolina, part of Georgia and as fa,[ as the Ohio: but where did they dwell! before? have they no memory of hat. ing crossed the Sea? to have conJ from the South? what, places wen| deemed most holy, as first seats ancestors? . , * 8th Quest.—Have no traditionil been preserved of other migrations or colonies besides those of the Tlahuitsi, Matica, and the last to Arkansas? sent off by Tsalagi? 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