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W yearly, it should be so stated? In stead of their being marked, Jits, droxen- ed, suicide, murder, dropsy, apoplexy, or sudden death," let them be official ly announced in glaring capitals, rum! deaths from rum!/ This would o- pen many eyes and might contribute to the most desirable object which can interest the friends of humanity. If the fact were known, and when known, distinctly stated by our city authori ties, that out of forty deaths among our adult population, in one week, thirty of them were occasioned, mani festly, by rum! surely it would cause the sot to tremble over his glass, and abandon his fatal habits. To my medical brethren, I would respectfully proffer this faternal coun sel; let us no longer make drunkards, by prescribing spirituous tinctures or medicated wines; let none of us car ry the use of the lancet to such ex cess, as to render the subsequent use of ardent spirits either convenient or indispensable: let us no longer conceal from our patients, their vicious agen cy in producing their diseases, from a timorus prudence, or from the fear of incurring their displeasure. But, when they wonder at their ill health, let them not “perish for lack of knowl edge,” but let us reply to their inqui ries into the cause of their maladies, Rum/ sir—rum madam; and when they urge their former habitual use of it, as a plea for their continuance in their iniquity, let us hold up the ter rors of death, and present them with a view of the judgment to come and the yawning gulf, an interminable hell, as the fearful alternative, that haply we may save one soul from irretriev able despair. From the New York Observer. THE COST OF INTEMPERANCE. The following article was prepared by one of the Editors of this paper for the Christian Almanac of 1829. 1. The quantity of ardent spirits Consumed in the United States, in the year 1810, according to Mr. Pitkin, was 31,725,417 gallons, or about four and a half gallons for every person.— At the same rate, the quantity con sumed at the present time, is 56,000,- 000 gallons, which at fifty cents the gallon, is 28,000,000 dollars. 2. The cost of the liquor is but a small part of the cost of intemperance, “time,” as Dr. Franklin says, “is mo ney;” and who can doubt that the time which is spent by the intemperate over their cups, and in recovering from the stupor of intoxication, is worth many times more than the trifle which they pay for their dram. When it is re membered, that whiskey sufficient to prostrate an ordinary drunkard for six hours, can be purchased for six cents, it will not be thought extravagant,' if we estimate the time killed by 56,- 000,000 gallons of spirit at as many millions of dollars. If we suppose that only one-half of the quantity is consumed by drunkards, and that one pint of spirit destroys only six hours of the drunkard’s time, the value of the time destroyed, reckoning it only at four cents an hour, would be 53,- 760.000 dollars. 3. It is inferted from the result of inquiries extensively made in our prin cipal towns, that three fourths of all the paupamm in our land is the consequence of intemperance. The Executive Committee of the A- merican Temperance Society, after giving from official documents the number and cost of paupers in the ci ties of Baltimore and Philadelphia, and the States of Massachusetts and New-York, estimate the whole num ber of paupers in the United States at 200,000, and the cost of their support at 10,000,000 dollars. Of this sum, 7.500.000 must be set down to the score of intemperance. 4. The Directors of the American Temperance Society estimate, and no one will doubt that three fourths of all the crime in the country is the result oj intemperance. The number of persons committed to the City Prison and Bridgewell in New York, for various crimes and misdemeanors, from the 1st of Janua ry, 1822to the 20th of November 1826, was 11,535, equal to nearly 2400 annually, or about one every six ty-three of the population. In Phila delphia, the number of persons in the Mayors Court, arrested for various offences, between 1813 and 1823, was on an average 1653 annually, or one in sixty-four of the population. A wri ter in the North American Review, cornouies the number of persons ip Bostofh who live by vice and crime, at 2,000, which is equal to one in thir ty of the population. From these facts, we think it safe to infer that, in the whole United States, at least 60.000 persons, (which is only one in two hundred of the population,? are either tenants of our prisons, or live by vice and crime. The expense of watching the movements of this army of criminals, of seizing and trying them, of maintaining them in prison; and the losses which the community sustain by their thefts, burglaries, ar sons, frauds, murders, &c. are un known, but must be immense; and three fourths of the whole must be set down to the account of intemperance. 5. The relatives of intemperate persons suffer misery and shame on their account. The number of drunkards in the United States, i. e. of those who are frequently intemperate, and either habitually or occasionally drunk, has been variously estimated from 500,- 000 down to 300,000. It seems to be enerally admitted, that the habitual runkards are at least one in every hundred of the population, or 120,000 in all. If we take into view only the habitual drunkards, and consider that each of them on an average has eght relatives as near as father, mother, wife, child, sister, or brother, we shall perceive that intemperance dooms nearly One Million persons to the disgrace and suffering necessarily connected with a relationship so in timate. 6. OJ all Persons who die in the Uni ted States after they arrive at adult age, one out of three is probably intemperate. In New-Haven, Conn, the number of persons over 20 years of age, who died in 1826, was 94; and, of this num ber, more than one-third, according to a published statement of the Med ical Association of that city, were in temperate; 4 and, “on referring furth er back,” they say, “we find a similar proportion for the two years preced ing.” If this proportion is found in New-Haven, a city certainly as highly distinguished for morality as any in the United States, we have no reason to believe that it is less in the country at large. The whole number of per sons in the United States, at the pres ent. time, of adult age, is aboqt 6,000,- 000; of this number, if nothing is done to check the progress of intemperance, 2,000,000 will probably die intempe rate. 7. The number of persons in the Uni ted Slates ivlio die by excessive drinking every year, is at least thirty thousand. In Portsmouth, N. H. which had at the last census 7,327 inhabitants, 21 persons, or three for every thousand, died by excess in drinking, according to the hill of mortality of 1826. At this rate, the number in the whole United States would be 36,000 per annum. A distinguished physician of Philadelphia, after commenting upon the bill of mortality of that city for the year 1826, estimates the number of deaths by intemperance at 335, which is nearly three in every thousand of the' population.f The estimate of thirty thousand lives anually destroy ed in the whole country by intemper ance, he fears, if the truth were ful ly known, would be found too small. In New-Haven, Conn, which had at the last census 8,327 inhabitants, the number of persons whose deaths were caused or hastened, directly or indi rectly, by intemperance in 1826, ac cording to the statement of the Medi cal Association, was, as we have al ready intimated, at least 32, or four for every thousand. At this rate, the number in the whole United States would be forty-eight thousand per an num! and this statement, let it be re membered, is founded on the private record of the physicians, and is there fore worthy of entire confidence, and might with more propriety be adopt ed as the basis of calculation for the whole country than any statements or estimates derived from bills of mor tality. 8. By the premature death of these thirty thousand persons, the country loses the profits of their labor, for the period which would have been added to their lives in case they had remained temperate. If we suppose this period to be on an average ten years, we cannot esti mate these profits at less than 30,00g,- 000 dollars; for, let it be remember ed, with a trifling exception, the whole 30.000 would be in the prime of life, there being few deaths by intemper ance among those who are under twen ty or over sixty years of age. We are certainly within bounds when we say, that a temperate person, in the prime of life, earns on an average, every year, one hundred dollars more than is necessary for his individual support. How else, indeed, could men support their families?—and yet, at this low rate, each of these 30,000 persons, if he had been temperate, and had lived ten years longer, would, besides supporting himself, nave earn ed one thousand dollars, which would have been expended in increasing the comforts of his children or others de pendent upon him. By intemperance, all this (amounting for the 30,000, to 30,000,000 dollars) is lost. 9. In addition to the losses above enumerated, there ar.e many others, which, although amounting to an im mense sum in the aggregate, do not ad mit of estimate; such are the loss of vessels and cargoes by the intemperance of seamen', the loss of life and property by fires, accidents, and casualties of various kinds, originating in the carelessness of the intemperate; the mischiefs arising from the mispianagement of business by intemperate agents, &c. &c. &c. For the pvrpose of exhibiting more clearly the ^ost of intemperance, we subjoin a billjin which the above items are introduced in their order. The people of \he United Stales to In temperance, Dr. 1. To 56,000000 gallons of spirit at fifty cents per gallon $28,000,000 _ 2. 1,344,000,000 hours of time wasted by drunkards, at four cents per hour 53,760,003 3. To the support of 150,000 paupers 7,500,000 4. To losses by depravity of 45.000 criminals unknown, but immense. 5. To the disgrace and mis- eryof 1,000,000 persons, (rela tives of drunkards,) incalculable. 6&7. To the ruin of at least 30.000 and probably 48,000 sous annually infinite! unspeakable! & To loss by the premature deith of 30,000 persons in the prime of life 30,000,000 f. To losses from the care- lesness and mismanagement . ofintemperate seamen, agents, &.t. &.c. unknown, but very great. Certain pecuniary loss (in roind numbers) 120,000,000 I’o which add 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 9th items, TOTAL Thus it appears that, independently of items which cannot be estimated, our country pays or losses at the rate of one hundred and twenty millions of dollars per annum, by Intemperance!— This sum is five times as large as the revenue of the United States’ govern- •ment; it w;ould pay off our national debt in six months; it would build twelve such canals as the Grand Erie and Hudson canal, evei'y year; it lvould- ’support a navy four times as large as that of Great Britain; it is sixty times as much as the aggregate income of all the principal religious charitable So cieties in»Europe and America; it would supply every family on the earth with a Bible in eight months; it would support a missionary or teach er among every two thousand souls on the globe! How prosperous might this country be,—wlrat blessings might it confer upon the world, if it were only relieved from the curse of Intem perance! * J. e.in the language of the statement, their deaths “were caused or hastened, di rectly or indirectly, by intemperance.” f It is evident from remarks of this phy-* sician,that bills of mortality afford a very imperfect account of the number of deaths by intemperance. In many instances, he says, to avoid wounding the feelings of sur viving relatives, the death of a drunkard is reported under the head of inflammation of the brain, insanity, 8tc. and he thinks that one-half of the adults reported under the heads 1 “Apoplexy, Casualties, Dropsy, Drowned, Found Dead, Palsy, and Sud den,” are justly referable to ardent spirits. Ardent Spirits overboard.—Captain Harding, of the ship Franklin, lately lost on her passage from Liverpool to Portsmouth, N. H. in a postscript to a letter giving an account of his ship wreck, says, “1 would remark, for the benefit of any one who may have the misfortune to suffer shipwreck, that as, soon as I discovered the ship would be lost, I ordered all the ardent spirits, on board the ship to be thrown over board—the consequence was that the men were orderly and obedient throughout the whole of that distress ing scene, to vvhich I attribute, uuder Providence, our preservation.”— JV. Y. Adv. M. L. Cordier, Professor of Geolo gy in the Garden of Plants in Paris, has published a memoir in which he endeavors to prove, that the earth is a cooled star, which has been extin guished only at its surface, and that its interior is still in a state of fluidity; and that the mean thickness of the crust of the earth doty not exceed 20 leagues (80 English nilet) that ac cording to observations which have \ been made in the cave under the Ob servatory at Paris, the heat increases so fast, that at the depth of a mile and a half under Paris, we should reach a temperature equal to that of boiling water; and that this solid crust is of very unequal thickness in different countries, bringing the fluid matter nearer the surface, and imparting in consequence a higher temperature to the soil, and a warmer climate to the country. MEW ECHOTA; WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 24, 1R28. The general Council of the Cherokee Nation will commence its session on the second Monday of next month. Mr. Ashmum, the friend of Africa &. late agent of the American Colonization Socie ty, died in New Haven, Con. on Tuesday, the 26th ult. aged 34 years. AA 4 , <&A.WS*V* TCTRA t,*V* tf”<ax-4./» 0 3 - a*o- JhweTdea*. Eli«V* apyt O^iESGFVLS $BA«UWA4. D- s-a @siwh4’4 o^Pde^aAa ckasspf. sasb- h-sirso-y. jpyi,vt>yh db^op, ib e«>y exba/pv 4 djop. The following letter from thr. citizens of Aquohee District, to William Hicks, Esq. will convey to the reader a pretty good specimen of the feelings of the inhabitants of this Nation, in regard to the present ef forts made to remove them. Aquohee District, Sept. 11, 1828. To William Hicks, Esq. Principal Chief, Sir: We, the citizens of the above nam ed District, assembled at Hiwassee Town House, in consequence of infor mation communicated to us, concern ing the intended visit of our friend, the United States Agent, and two Vhan- sas Cherokee Chiefs. We are all glad to find, that, our Elder Brother, the Principal Chief, holds fast his love to our country, and friendship to our citizens. And we hereby, with unanimous consent, thank him for his visit. Our judgment is, that it behoves us to stand fast; and to hold our lands for the benefit of our rising families. We consider it exceedingly vexatious, to be perpetually teased, to part with our inheritance, just as we are rising out of obscurity, and are beginning to occupy a respectable standing, in the estimation of Christians who know us, and who now possess the country, on which our fathers once resided and raised their children. Must our pros pects-be always blasted? We think our white brethren will answer, no. We are determined to hold fast the land of our nativity. We do not wish to turn our feet from our original hab itation, nor to move a step further to wards the setting sun; our native soil being well watered and healthful.— We are happy when we rise in the morning, to behold all things look fresh and cheerful, and especially to see our children running to and fro, part ly raised to our former old towns. Parts of our lands, have, from time to time, been sold from under our feet: our wives and our children have been ousted, and our property scattered, till, in many instances, it has been all lost, and families reduced to want.— Our old men say they are fully deter mined to have their bones laid in these mountains. One of the old men from Damatlee says he never will agree to let go one inch more of land, although one of his old neighbors has undertaken the disgraceful task of endeavoring to deprive his people of house and home. He thinks the gentleman would have been better employed and perhaps as much respected, if he had stayed at home and attended to his own busi ness. We do not wish to have such a character ranging through our coun try. We are persuaded the object of these gentlemen is nothing that will, in any way, benefit us. Therefore we db not wish their advice, nor thank them for their visit. And we assure the Arkansas Chiefs that they need not expect to find, in this District, a sin gle Arkansas emigrant* We join in assuring you of our at tachment to yourself and to our coun try. Signed on behalf of the whole. John Timson, Samuel Ward, Wood Pecker, his x mark. o><»xms, his x mark. Roman Nose, do. wuaa, do. «4*a<& sty, do. SVBB, do. <vyj, ft*. Ball Town Georoe, do. John Welch* do. Locust, do. <AXJt, do. VdSAR, • do. presence of Situagee, do. EBW* Taap.® TGO'W TSPT, OP 0>eq. CfV» SSB B4*M R*V\0Z fiiSJA’QT. RWV» S . JWA0-, etr »SaO DJIA SBW87 DCTIVB. 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IBoiyii »5Sh./9 edty Tcret*.* *PPA4op. oa- AoP IB <Ml TSPoiBJlJt* CZOSPop, ericyoiy- r» TGr<3J B r5AGS"QR AytJhAJA, Drf AA- yc.W4 IB<ay/i KGPPP7JI AV, Drf ede*v^ e*V* ©AlrZJkB AL^BiT D^l^ DhoiSpEotB, IB U*V* 0°hG,(P^I Ay EtSAoby DR AySAT. USwICF' t&GBXG&S OCSZ&B <6ypGT’J»G?' PR cwy SO’AIT, Drf hA TCspCTTGT PRT. GIiBIi, UH, , BVVW, SPK.M, *49G*oey,- ■ DVBh, c,yj, Clr, irf, CMJty VoSAR, BSdjy DSWiSr. © 64* ArfJ^S SrfBA.I DIrZj9 QOJlodA B* ®/lE^ O 5 01«Zciy4 D»4 O j (M WJUiT P4T oFJIdSEy Dh GWy^. 3PBRBPT Dh> ShBPT ShyRZ D&Q 2 T,39BF DBOO- SBy4T 0»6- JBBO* DB ^PlpoiJSa aPo6WO*y 6o®y*V» LSI. aBrfz o°Iiapt at&a d.ig yw 0 3 hr*0« SJIT D©0- 0 3 aA7T TB ©SAPT O&yz SAi’T jtsz^P4T R.v\a P4T icsyy* ©pb jo^a- 7T 0°JJ 0»A 0 J hr4T Ooiyz G>ZA<mvpjl PT -AJP7T v>p qoMT et»y*v* i»#i. JILOBB-QZ O’ePoSBB.a B8J1E 0«y ehRT DA*W0-^ O’eaWPT ©W4BZ R>m)AB SrfT 0 3 Lrf4 S6BT0-4 8<»yz O’eABAh- SOP* SIihr4T. 17 AJU-4S ofXP(P»BA TCToC^C ©•4 sptoSji »sy ppd. db owyz* AaiyhXA O^hGoFI Oi*>y»V* © TSPT TCshP- op i,sa tspt awy b<re<r» o>«»a bz&p b- SJ4* PP JSBPCTVJ IBPP AJdBBJ” RA 7A BPP AAACT’JoSdS DB B^XSPoP DypGTJ»*V* DX(T>RT. From the Southern Advocate. Pony Club in Carroll County Geor gia.—We are informed by a gentleman who has recently passed through that place, of indubitable credibility, that there is a club, who make a profes sion of stealing horses as well from their own citizens as from strangers. Their plans, from their contiguity and intercourse with the Cherokees, hav* been so judiciously executed as to e- lude detection. They do not we un* derstand, profess to take the life of a traveller, but only his horse, in order, it may be presumed, that in cases of conviction, their punctilious clemency may establish a contested principle in p$ml law, that there is a distinct a^l ta P l m to as m 01 h; h tl si n a