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til r.'it mi.i,i .... y. j.jje.uq.d.ue sfss.m;
tv 1.9 not,* f»v some hundred thousand
seres, run off i s high up the Chatta-
hoooliy as, by the articles of treaty, it
should have been. To the evidence
adduced by the ageot Col. Wales,
in confirmation of»his opinion, ive are
able to iddsoinething of our own. W hile
ra' rrsing that country as one of the
engineers in the service of the slate,,
in I82G, we were personally assured
* bv its people that the true dividing
i; running westward between (lie
Creeks and Cherokees was consider
ably of our rout which was di
rect from Gales ferry in Gwinnett
countv, to the Missionary stand on the
■' Etowah; which latter place, accor
ding; to an observation taken, en passant,
is in latitude STdeg. ‘28 minutes ' Our
informants expressed considerable dis
appointment and ‘rejoicing, that they,
who conceived themselves within
Creek limiis, had been set offto the
Cherokees.' They had felt much in
quietude from an apprehension that
their nation, the Creeks, wool
TVrt Jackson, on the 9th day of August j rf jhem have already moved and are
. loi4, s ihfct CltV diouiula'rj - hlioutd j n pohstssiou ol 'those ,1 ,<s. botUC
commence ai Vann’s Store on the waieisoi i q taugrtiliig party arc now lying
OfSiuulgcc. It was the intention oi the iyt Gunters Lauding wailing lor a lute.
|t appeals that the preceding ot lids
people w ill be tile cause ol consider*,
die confusion between the Chero-
ceta and the whiles. Our citizens, 1
)ekc\e, would wish to take possession
of these improvements, it it were not
for their wliito neighbors, who think
they have a greater right to them.
ere
•r he compelled to rel'npnish all
'an Is to-Georgia, in whi- h e-
n they 'must needs abandon their
•diin/s and tlujjr home: but were
tided to learn that th**y had in the
i*«u*' h a ei 1 «ft in the quiet possession
of both, far within the. Cherokee. Yation.
Statesman and Pat.
|feor:rar«MBC9V l inTVBnHnnan>» r«Tr»m wwL.jmwmi.rrwas. ->
:y KClf** r ~
WEDNESDAY, JIVIU'il 4, 1^29.
Th° progress of emigration is but slow.
A' rh® present rate, : t will be a greal vrh U
h-.'ore the Che: nkee Nation is removed.—
An V if the pr.ces now paid for im r >rov®-
nients is continued throughout, it w 11 cost
th ® Un ; t'*d Slates millions of dollars. It
w M 1*® a dear em’gration. The subject is
c" iting an increased interest among ou ;
ak'zcris—meetings are .held in various pla-
C ', and decided and unanimous opinion is
‘grir ii that it is mt to the interest of th®
Crw-okees to remove to the w®stern wdder-
c s». A meeting, it appear®, was held at
•Turkey Town, the result of which the.
reader will see in our present number.—
Another wa hel!, a f®w da vs ago, at the
house of Wilbam Hicks, Esq. An a I-
dre«s was drawn in Cherokee, wh'ch was
published in our last. It is s gned by a
cWmitte® nfseventeen persons, viz: three
fro n Hightower, two from P u® C'g, on®
from Oostahnah!®e, one from Chiitooge lab,
tw i from Diri-town, three from S iringtown
and two from Ooog'llogy, W® hope it
will not be said, fhat th®s® m®®tings ar® oc
casioned bv improper interferon e of th®
Clfefs—the Chiefs have had nothing to do
with th m.
Cherokees at that Coancil to agree with die
Creeks on their boundary, winch was then
unsettlcc, ami the billowing, ’ which v,c
copy from a printed document, was com
mitted to writing as expressing the agree
ment made bj the paities.
The usder-ih vkd, head men,
chiefs and warriois of the Clictokce
& Creek nations, availing themselves
of Ilu* present happy occasion, of tae
U litad Suites giving peace and bouti-
daries to the Creek nation; and har
ing had an amicable interview, tit
which the subject of their boundaries
has been in the mast friendly manner
discussed, have unanimously agreed,
that,the following described line shall
forever hereafter he acknowledged,
by the parties respectively, to he
their permanent boundary line, viz:
Beginning at a point where Vann’s
store formerly stood, on tlie waters of
the Orkmnlgec river, this point being
well known to the parties respc-live
ly; and from thence continued to the
Coosa river, crossing the same at the
place where the present military
road crosses tlie said river, and drawn
from theire in a straight line, & eras
ing a fork of the Black-warrior rivet
a little below the old town burnt by
General Coffee; and in the s me di
rection continued until it shall inter
sect the Chickasaw lands: thence
leading to the Flat rock, or old oorne •
We are obliged to for his
conwmii.i ulion. Utir limits \\ ill not
allow us to insert hut a short extract
of it.
‘•The Indian is obliged to look up to
the white man for pi election. This
protection the white man has solemn
ly promised to the Indian, in their
great Councils. The white man is
bound to keep the Indian in his aims,
to shelter him from all dangers, and
the time has come when this promise
must lie put to the test. It is not
for me to say in what way it will In
disposed. Ail that we con do is to
pla< e our confident e in our elder
brother—if his promise is violated w e
must then be subject to Ins future
proceedings for power is in his hands
If he says to us, you must move wesi ol
the Mississippi, we w ill then, pe> haps
be obliged to move, hut it will no.
he eoityenifiI to on» feelings- for tl«
oimti-y is not desirable—ii is inhabit
hj .a few susuge
nations of In-
,'J'h* frivolou-? claim advanced by G®®r-
g’-i tn a nart of our Country shows,too man-
if® c tly, th® nature of h®r boa-ted rights, and
th®
a.> -
co"
r®n'
a
T®
inconsistency of her pro®®eding-'. It
»ars from the svmmar f-he evidence
® rted by Co!. Wal®«, to prove that th®
b-ouii larv line betw ®n th® C ’ ®®o':®®s
reeks was as far no -th as tli® High
v®r p v®r, that ’hat ®vi lenc.p or.ginates
fr >n the Indians, He is all hearsay, -wh'ch
wo-i! ’ b® of little avail in a court of law. Th®
a ' i; ‘i >nal tesFimonr furnished by th® editor
of‘h® S 4 ats.&Pat.(wh'ch «®® in a preceding
co’-jmn) is also of the =am® kind—h® heard
lo.i'ans «av so an 1 so. Now what ?avs the
k>w of G®orgla ? “No Indian or descendant
of Indians, residing with n the Creek or
C ■ nk®® Nation of Indian*, shall be a com-
pnt srtness, or a party to ar.v su : t, to
w i-c.h a whiteman is a jiarty.” Will it be
eont -nded that th® evidence in question wa
giv-a previous to th® passage of the law?
The Indians th®n were one® capable oftell-
in-r th® truth 'f ihey are not now. Or are
th® words oftli® In lian manufacture ' into
truth, after passing th® mouth of the white-
man in the-form of a deposition? It ap
pears that Indians’ testimony will be re-
oeired wlv*o It i e considered to th® a Uou
tage ofthe Slato, even when the aw de
clares such testimonv nnaradinr : n a court
of justice, H®w shall we account for such
inconsistencies?
W stated in our last, that previous to
tb® ®*tablishment of tb® pres®nt boundar®
in®.b®twee.n th® Creeks and Clwrokees^
th®r* was no other wh’ch consider® 1
a line bv either party. We believe this
to It® strict!v correct. We will, how
ever, assprt further,that th® Cherokeps hai-
a better right to the country couth ofsaid
lire-tban tb® Creeks north of ?t~-and it is
pot at all unlikely, that .if th® Cherokee*
wm '■ as powerful as the State of Georgia,
$ were governed bv similar principles,they
wetjd now he attempti ng to wrest th® coui-
ti®« of Carrol and Coweta from their neigh
bors Why? Because many of our cif-
Zeno believe, an 1 no doubt can testify to
Uigt elicet, th%v the (iifftka m council a
boundary, this being known to th
Cherokees by the appellation of til-
long leafed pine: for this point, viz:
Flat rock, or old corner boundary
reference is had to the convention
mode and concluded at Woshi *gton
City, between the United States and
the Cherokees, on the 7th day ofJau-
uayy 1S0G. ' ^
The parties respectively request
^lajo® General Andrew Jackson to
present a certified copy of the above
arrangement to their Father, the Pre
sident of the United States.
Done in the council house at Fort
Jackson, the 9th day of August, 1814.
The above was however, merely a ver
ba! agreement, for it appears that the for
mality-of a treaty was not concluded, this
having been Inferred at the request ol the
principal Chiefs, and by the advice of Maj.
Gen. Andrew Jackson. But an instrument
was drawn,ex pressing tli® sentiments of the
Cherokees and Creeks on the subject,wh ch
we request the reader to peruse attent’velv.
No intimation is given that either the Ch- 1 -
rokecs or Creeks knew of any boundary
line then existing.
lie it known and remembered. That
the Cherokee and Creek chiefs assem
bled at Fort Jackson; the first with a
view to agree with the latter on a
boundary line dividing the. lands nf tin-
two nations: That, n proposition liv
ing made by the lies! to make a -defin
itive settlement of the b i indari: s of
said lands, the second replied, that
tliev had no objection at some time to
settle their boundary with the first:
that in the present distressed stale of
iheir nation they could not onler into
the business with flint consideration
and deliberation which the subject
required; but that until this could
be done they had no objections to the
Cherokees setlliug themselves down
on Unds which they might deem to he
clearly within their proper bounda
ries and that it is their desire to live
in ami'y with the Cherokees, and
would ever consider them as their
good fiie'ds and neighbors, and
would render them all the friendly
ofii ee within their power.
Done at Fort Jackson, the 9th day
of A ugust, 1814.
T!w> above contains the voluntary
and friendly arrangement entered into
between the Chiefs of the Cherokee
nation of Indians, and the Chiefs of the
Creek nation, requested to he com
mitted to writing and attested hy us
\rr-eeahly thereto, the same is com
jnitted to writing, and attested I>v us.
ANDREW JACKSON,
.Maj. f-ev CWng.
BENJAMIN HAWKINS,
, .4trfTi? of /, ,/J.
RETURN J. METCS,
Agent for the Cherokees.
August 9?A 1814.
is]
ize
them
tie
ii
dians
If |ie white man wishes to civil-
Indians. «hy does he send
o the west? Would a removal
thilhe\be civilization? No, I would
rather be inclined to think that it
would be pUu ing them in a more
savage,destitute and deplorable -con
dition,, The Indians from time imme
morial were savages, and knew noth
ing abuit civilization, until iliey min
ted vvih the whites—-nil that the In
dians blow, they have derived fuoir.
their white brethren. Why is it that
an attimpt is made to drive them
into da’kness again? The cause is
avalie.irns disposition. The posses
sions of'ihe Indians are quite small
and lher numbers are hut insignifi
cant, hut they do not wish to he driv
en like a great herd of Antelopes.”
ment, or I would rather say of those of ' 1
ns ofticerh, who, auer suite ling an i
gent ot their choice, and sending him
io the nation, enjoining secret-y., tliai
he might not he known as an agent,
should, after lie had introduced him
self, by improper conduct, into a diffi
culty, say he was an officer of the
Government, and as such should be
protected.
Col. M Kenney says that it would
be a great objdct for the emigrants to
ascend as high up the Arkansas as pos
sible, and recommended that flat hunts
should he built in place of keeled
on this subject, and to all whom it may
oiicern, that a treaty ol boundary Wag
several years ago concluded by said
parties, Gen.. McIntosh being eoinv
rnissioner on the part of the Creeks,
and that a copy of it is deposited iu
the War Department at Washington
—that the Indian Spring treaty of
McIntosh, which cost him his lifeyig
annulled and made void,by the suhse-
qitsnt treaty of Washington between
the United States and Creeks, and in
that treaty the boundary line between
the Creeks and the. Cherokees is dis-»
tinctly acknowledged in writing, and
boats on that account. Now did. you i that the United States’ surveyors fol-
Thr followirur if an extract of a leltei
address®*! to tlie Editor, Hated,
Jaffrevvii.le ('. N. Jan. 29, 1829
I write to inform you. thr
those of this place, who have emigrat
ed for the Aikansas Cotintry have
sold Iheir storks and improvement
*o citizens of ibe United States
Those who have hough* their plnep
are at this time moving in, and some
FROM our com ESPONDKNT.
Washington Citv, )
8th Feb. ISU9. $
I transmit you hy this mail a Doc
ument printed fur me use of Congress,
containing a correspondence between
Col Tin s. L. M Kenney and Col.
Montgomery oh tile subject ol the late
plan of (emigration. It unveils some
important points, to which we luive
hitherto been l-.ept in dgr.kuess, and
pci haps may not he uninteresting to
our readers in the Nation.
\ ou will perceive that Captain
Rogers was a confidential agent ol the
Secretary « f War s, sent out to open
our eyes, ami to “explain to us tliy
kind of soil, climate, and the prospects
that awailed us in the W est.” Col.
M Kenney in his letter to the agent,
forming him of this < oniideuliul plen-
potentiary appointment, &c. says
much, if not all his success w ill de
.end upon the keeping of the object of
his visit, a Secret, you will by no
means make it known A A secret a
gent then with an empty Captain's
ommission by way of recommend:
tion,- whose success depended upon se
cret mumigemem and intrigue! He
that hath business with us of either a
private or public nature, let hirn be
open, candid and upright in his actions
if he assumes a mysterious character
he becomes.at once contemptible,
veil to the poorer class. Captain Ro
gers is a man well known in this eoun
try. anil would I could say advantage
ously known as a man of integrity and
reputation, since a confidential minis
ter to our nation. Explanations, when
manufactured hy men to subserve
private interest, are not likely to ef
fect mu h with people w ho are bet
ter able to make their own calculations
is to their probable happiness in
change of life; and who need not, at
this, tim-e, great inducements, or zeal
ms efforts of secret agents to wi
h-‘in ever to Hie enjoyment of true
■omfort, when offered. Many of the
Indian tribes in the North West, yet
hip state of heathenish state of ignor
inee and degredation, are led impl
•illy hy their agents: if this has been
'lie case vyith the Cherokees, I am
happy tb say it is far from being so
mvv. The means adopted in the af-
Yir of Rogers and Spears add noth
ing to th? character of the Govern
/
ever hear of a man before Jliat would
prefer a fiat to a keeled boat to navi
gate up stream, or that would prefer
a tin to a brass kettle in which to boil
a huffaloe’s head? He also says th. t it
is with the chiefs of the Southern In
dians. a fixed purpose, by threats and
otherwise, to 1-eep their people from
emigrating. The remedy is “thenres-
enee oi an armed force!!. ’ Can tKe 'Cher
okees he ini hided in this paragraph?
I presume they are, as they are often
blended with other Trifles, to their in
jury in the, public reports. The
writer is certainly very ignorant of
our condition, or, like the great nabob
(M.) cart s too little for rhetoric. At
stated periods the Chiefs'are created
by the people, and if they are displeas
ed at them, and but will it, they can
luj.-j them out, npd reduce them to
ihe ranks of common citizens. Foi
what reasons, then, should the Chiefs
be tyrannical, or the people he afraid
of their Chiefs. How much better
would it have been, if the presence of
lhis military force had been recom
mended as a remedy for removing in
truders from our lauds.
You will also perceive that the
Honorable Secretary entertains an o-
pinion that a greater portion-of the
“poorer Indians are disposed to rmi
grate.” This opinion l presume is
founded upon Col. M’Kenney's report
of the Cherokees (without ever see
ing them,) after his visit to the
Creeks. It is not to be proven hy the
fruits of his confidential agent’s ln-
ors. 1 am informed that most of
those who have enrolled are while
men and half breeds, under the prom
se of getting large stuns for their im
provements. Tho poorer elass of
icople are not so soon led into a spec
ulation of this kind. Although the a-
gent has been guarded against an un
necessary waste of a cent of the pub
lic money, 1 cannot but believe that
crery i ent that has been, or may he ex
pended under the treaty of the Ark
ansas Cherokees. to induce our re
moval, is an unnecessary waste of the
public, money, that might have been
applied to much hotter uses. Sup
pose one half of tho Indians residing
within the limits of Georgia were to
emigrate, and paid for their improve
ments; would this give to the United
Stales a title to the land? No: If
there were but 500 citizens left in
the country, the title would yet he
with them, and the United States
must enter into a treaty before their
title can be legally extinguished.
9th February.
I had tho honor of seeing the oeje-
brated Indian Chief Red Jacket, who
arrived in the City yesterday.
The object of his visit I have not
learned.^ I am sorry to say that he
was already intoxicated when I saw
him. I believe he has been accom
panied by two or three other Indians.
lowed the line from Buzzard Roost on
the Chattahoocby river towards thu
Mouth of Wills Creek on the Coosa
River, to the Forty five mile point on
said lipe as provided for hy the Treaty
of Washington. For further particu
lars I request these claimants to he
undeceived by the Hon. M Phersotf
Berrien Senator of Georgia, and Mr.
Cobb, who were icpresenting the
State of Georgia ; at the ratification nf
said treaty.
JOHN RIDGE.
K'l
s R[dgf.’s Ferry,
Feb. 22, 1829
Mr. Boitdinott,
Sir—William B. Wofford of Geor
gia, I am informed has started a claim
in the legislature of Georgia to a part
of our territory, from Sowanny old
town, on tliPiChatahoochy river, to the
Six’s on the Hightower, and down the
river to its intersection with the
western charter line of Georgia, em
bracing all. or nearly all the District
of Hightower; and on his motion, Gov.
Forsythe is instructed to obtain proofs
of the validity of this claim, under
the treaty of the Indian .Springs, con
cluded with Gen'. M’Intosh of the
Creek Nation, who ceded the whole
of the Creek lands in the chartered
limits of Georgia. I am also inform
ed that affidavits or depositions are
taken from citizens of Georgia and
the frontier, to corroborate the claim,
as having in their recollection, a treaty
concluded by the Cherokees with the
Creeks, by which the former snrNSn-
deredthe lands embraced by the afore
mentioned claim.
Bo it known, therefore, to said
Wofford, who is grossly ignorant of
[treaty stipulations* aud to.deponents
Coosa RrvFR, in Turkey Towjq
C. N. 9th February, 1829.
To the Cherokee Pureic,
The undersigned, in behalf of a towu
meeting, composed of the Citizens of
Turkey town, take the liberty of ad
dressing you through tin public Jour
nal of our Nation, on tie subject of
emigration to the west, to which the
United States have calk’d their atten
tion. The view we taie of this mras-
ure. and the sentiments we will take
occasion to express, "ill he simple
and plain, founded on truth as haneed
down to us hy our ancestors. Limit
ed in knowledge and possessing but 'll
small share of experience, our apold-
_y in this attempt i? in the interest we
!t*el in every thing jhat concerns tllti
well being of our Nation. Our ari-
estora settled in this place at a peri*
od not now in our recollection. Here
was sacred ground, and on this spot
the Council-fire blazed with lustre,
and here were the dwellings and scats
of Kings and our beloved Chiefs!—
We speak of days whenVe lived it!
the hunter’s state, and when our leet
were swift in the track of game.
General Washington, after having'
smoked the pipe of peace with out*
Chiefs, sent us word to discontinue
tho pursuit ol vagrant habits,, and n*
dopt those more substantial. ai;d be
come cultivators of the soil.- His sue-.
ccssoi8 pursued, in regard to ns, the
same policy, and; sent to us the same
Talk from time to time—that as game
was precarious and liable to destruc
tion, the bosom of the earth afforded
means of subsistence, both infinite and
inexhaustible. But time wrs not al
lowed us to experience lie blessing^
of putting this recommendation to
practice by interested wicked white
men, who lived near tons, and who
esteemed us a nuisance, because the
Great Spirit had placed our habitir-
tions in a desirable Country^ and be
cause they themselves had crossed
the Big Water (the Ocean) and had
become our neighbors. Tho hitter
cup of adversity was filled to us on
every side, hy our enunies. Our
safety was often endangered hy in- '
trigue and misrepresentation of our
character to the General Government;
and it was not mental or natural disa
bility that opposed itself to our ad-
advancement in civilization, hut thf*
obstacles placed in our way to reach it-
The Indians were represented as
incapable of learning the arts of civil
ized life, and at the same time, treat
ed in the most uncivil manner. 'Ehey
were savagely revengeful, beeat so
1h*y had the spirit to resent the mur
der of their friends & delations. They
were rogues and thieves, because, not
knowing the method of legal processes;
to obtain justi< e, at:d if they did, tin ir
oath decreed to he non-availing,' they
retaliated in the same way. Tb- y
were drunkards, because ihtoxieolieg
liquors were introduced among them.
They were disinclined to the study of
hooks, because some few superficially
educated under had instruction hrd
betrayed their countrymen and had set
had examples. They were stubborn,
because they loved the land that lia'd
been endeared to them ns an inherit
ance of their fathers. This flood oF
inconsistency rage ('with violence over
the herds of our Chiefs & swept with
its waves, from under their feet, the
earth, fqr which they hod struggled
for ages past. In this way our terri-.
tory diminished, and pur inheritance-
was circumscribed to its presenjt
iboundjr