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uo, Inll-lusbd into unity, tough, enor-
niius, ntui burning, tie never throws
out a detached proposition, or includes
in a simple delinite form of-words one
st*:p of a deduction; but every thought,
ho never narrow in itself, carries with
it so much largeness of feeling, that it
is always accompanied by references
to the whole matter, which went De
fine or is to follow, either indicated
by some historic vividness or prophet-
ic splendor of epithet, or insinuated
more strongly than by open declaration
in some biting or blasting sarcasm.—
II.» I'dils tils interminable sememes a-
round the point at issue, and binds it
to bis purpose, with a thousand chain-
like involutions, drawn oiu, twisted,
a id tied -together. 11 is speeches
have ho flittering pulish, no airy pleas
antness—little of gorgeous exhibition
o r ostentatious subtlety. Mis play
fulness is that of a in il-clnd soldier,
and his toys, like those of the Spartans,
tire weapons of conflict and death
II is hand seems little accustomed to
the graceful sweep of display, hut it
is practiced to strike right forward ai
his antagonist; and like that of the old
Roman champion, it is rather a hand
of iron than of flesh and blood, llis
illustrations are commonly more home
ly than fanciful. He comes before
his audience not from fairy land, but
from the Judgment Hall, the Facto y,
the Hospital, and the farm yard I li
do >s not allure us to his object through
an enchanted garden: hut drags us a-
loig with irresistible power, through
ftio ol reels anil the olicxmDoro wo liorc
been accifstoined to traverse or inhabit.
The bulk of his speeches consists of
impassioned ratiocination; but the
parts intended especially for display
are either fearfully sarcastic—and
this is their ai -st usual Character—or
filled with a grave and I of v declama
tion. eonwise, simple, and of an earnest
inij-isty. Ho attends little to melody
of style, hut much to emphasis; and
tli -reforest is that, with all its irregu
larity, there have been few orators
whose productions are less fatiguing
either to-hear or read; and a speech
of Mr. Brougham's appears to us inli
nitely more effective in all the care
less energy with which it is delive.red
than if it had been refined and elabora
ted into a more minute eloquence
In fine, the eloquea e of Mr. Brough
am has qualities which entitle it as
co npletely as any modern oratory to
high and permanent estimation. But
rhetoric i-i its own nature, must be
cal minted for immediate, not for future
results. All the immense differences
bet,vcen its laws and those of written
com tosition. while they are guides to
pres 'ixt success, are bars against firns-
pretive reputation. If a speech lias all
the ueeuliarities of a good essay, it is
a bad speech. If it is essentially ora
torical, it is a had essay. Mr. Brough
am's eloquence will leave a trail of
glory behind if; hut bv far the greater
portion of his future fame will d *oenH
upon the purposes for which he em
ployed it; and the permanent traces
which if leaves behind in the good it
has achieved and instituted. And
brilliant‘as is the name he has won hv
h : s oratorv there are still nobler titles
to honor in many of the objects to
wh*ch he has dedicated his admirable
powers.
INDIANS.
C’rr-spond'-hce between Col. Time. L.
M ’imney and the U. S. agent, Col. Hugh
Montgomery, on the subject of the present
Cherokeq emigration.
DreutTMENT OP War,
Office Indian Affairs, Mty 27,1823.
Sir: A treaty has been recently
concluded between the United States
and the Cherokees of Aarkahsns, a
copy of which, I enclose herewith.
You will see one of its principal ob
jects is (having secured under the most
solerni guaranties a spacious and fine
country, which is to belong forever to
the Cherokees) to induce the Indians
in (Georgia, especially, to remove
The inducements held out are am
ple, nncPthe prospect which opens to
them in„the west, .under such a trea
ty, better than any that Indians ever
were presented with before. Their
welfare, and the obligation of the
United States in the compact with
Georgia. created obligations which
led to such a treaty, r ' "
Much is expected of you in the
m "iner of making kown these views
to the Cherokees within the chartered
lim-'s oCCfeoftth' and in the judicious
an ! '•''nnomicnl nreoarntipus cnibrae
their transportation, and support b
the tiay. It is prcsuun.u iluw most >
them uiay prcler to etnbaiK in boat
on the Highwassee, Such as prelc
il must be anted in going by lam
\ou will submit your views ot the be!
means to carry imoeiiecl ttie pvoii:
ions in the treaty tor transport mg ill
Indians, and as early as possible.
I have ordered tiie hundred rill
made and forwarded to you frtfin Foil
udeiphia. Vou will contract, by pul:
iic notice, for kettles, and blaimels
&c., as these may be wanted - tVoij
lime to time; or it you think it can Ik
cheaper and better done m New )oi - 4
with the Indians, you have an eye I
oioie to Ine asvei uiuiuem ol then
1 eel mgs on lliu subject ol ceiling tntir
i'aua, or any' portion ol it, wiuun Hie
limns of C^eorgia, than to entering
now into any compact with llieat on
the suujeci. Tins step is intended to
be preliminary, ami lor tiie purpuse of
ootaiunigmlonnaiiuu upon whiMi meas
ures may be predicated, after your
Veporl snail have been received.
As, however, you are now acting
under insiructions with the view to
-tins object, in the execution ol the re
cent treaty made with the Cherokees
of Arkansas, the Secretary ol War,
ordeis c in be given to the iruiisjoj ty- apprehending that a second movement,
lion Agent there for the Ueparuunt if made now, might embarrass the
here, who has been in (his busimss lor i first, directs me to call your attention,
lit teen years, to procure and fo'w ai d in the first place, to this view of the
^except provisions; the arti.ks re- , subject; and as it is my own belief that
quired. In the event of your csU-cin- Mr. Cobb, especially, preferred the
mg this course lobe best, as I certain
ly think it will ie the cheapest, you
will send on an Isliiiiate of the num
ber of blankets, kettles. &.c., which
you may think it leasouabje to expect
will he requiredVor this year; and
afterwards, annual or semi-annually,
the quantity of eael article, rifles in
cluded, for the future.
I am directed by the Secretary of
War, in addition to We above, to say
that Capt. lingers is confident ally em
ployed to go to the Cheroke.g, ,n
explain to them the kind of soi.. cli
mate, and the prospects that t-wait
them in the west; and to use. in ds
discretion, the best methods to indue*
tlie Indians residing within the charter
operations under the late treaty to a-
ny other, or to the usual mode, and as
il is my own belief, also, that they
promise results tar more successful
than would a movement, such as is
generally!made ihiough commission
ers, the Secretary directs that you as
certain, if you can conveniently,
whether I ant correct; &. if so, you
w ill consider yourself as confined to the
instructions issued to you in reference
to the carrying into effect the recent
treaty. But if it shall turn out that
those who are so immediately inter
ested. I mean the citizens of Georgia,
• or the actI'liipjislnnent of whose
views Congress has made the appre
ciation referred to, aienfiko opin
io
J ofAieorgta to emigrates As Hon (and Mr. Cobh can no doubt
much, if not all his success will de- j form you) thota treaty ought to Le held.
pend upon the keeping of the object] in addition to the present movements.
vou will report the same to the L>t-
partoient.
Very respect fully, &c.
THUS. L M KENNEY.
To Col. H ugh Montgomery,
Agent for the Cherokee Indians.
of
of his visit a seeret, you will by no
means make it known. But it is ex
pected that you will receive and act
on his information upon the various or -
• ulienees that may arise, and aid him,
co-operatively, all you can. Upon his
reports of the number who may desire
to go, you can base in part your,esti
mates for means to provide the trans
portation. &c.
Your hills on the Department, from
•ime to time, as you in; y .require
means to carry into effect the piano
removal, (ns this may be afterwards
derided upon.) and to buy provision
&c. w ill be paid; yob taking erne al
ways to accompany them with letters
of advice, and embodying in the hill
also the object for which it is drawn.
It will he necessary when the routes
nd depots are agreed upon, and the
I ml i iis get in motion, to provide the
supplies on contract, to he made by
you afler due pn! lie notice. You
w ill take bond and si curdy for the
faithful fulfilment of the contracts you
may make.
Every Indian who may consent to
remove will he registered by you; and
before he can lie. entitled to the pay
ment by the agent in Arkansas as
provided in the treaty, he must pro
duce to him your certificate, setting
forth his name, and that lie. is an emi
grant, and. from w ithin the chartered,
limits of Georgia, and also the day of
his registry on your books. This is
essential lo he observed, and in all ca
ses. Vou will take care not to he de
ceived as to the fact of the part of
the country whence the emigrant may
go, as the money provision is intend
ed wholly for those who remove from
w ithin the chartered lira is of Geor
gia.
You will keep the Department in
formed. from time to time, upon the inai pari oi me nation wmen is tin
subject, and state the prospects ol re- ( braced by the Georgia lines, and in; le
moval. as these may, from time to tour of their villages. Or if, in your
Department or War,
Office Indian Affairs July, 28, 1828.
Sir:—) our letter to the deerela-
y of War of the 3rd inst. was receiv
ed ten days ago. Before J convey the
orders of the Secretary in relation to
the subjects contained in it, and on
|8uch other points as it is deemed im
portant to give you instruc lions as to
the mode of executing these provisioi s
of the late treaty with the Cherokee s
which are to be acted on within your
agency, I have to state that a copy of
that treaty, together w ith the letter
which accompanied it, was forwarded
to you on the very day on which it w as
received from the Department of
State; and which was, it is believed,
the day after was printed Sooner
than this it w as not practicable lo for
ward it.
The Secretary of War declines ap
pointing a second agem y The bu
siness of executing the provisions of
the treaty is entrusted lo you; and
your most diligent and peisevering at
tentions are put in requisition to fulfil
the duties now about lo lie assigned
to you. Your assistants in explaining
aixl enforcing those provisions qion the
Cherokees, will be Boge-s and Maw;
and your first and great effort will he
made among those w ho reside within
the chartered limits of Georgia. Sim e
those Indians appear to be at an incon
venient distance from the agen y. you
will leave the a gem y'in chart e of the
subagent, Mr. Williams, for the time
being, atid proceed i in mediately into
that part of the nation which is
time, he disc losed.
I am, &c.
TI10S. L. McKENNEY.
To Col. Hugh Montgomery.
Department of War,
Office Indian Affairs, July 22, 1828.
Sir:—The Executive being anx
ious. by the use of all proper means, to
carry nto full and complete effect the
provisions of the compact w ith Geoi*
gia, & this subject being now before it
by a special appropriation of Con
gress looking to its .accomplishment,
I am directed by the Secretary of
War to enclose you a copy of a memo
rial, and certain resolutions of the
Georgia Legislature, which passed
at its last session, with the view to
your using them..not as threats, or to
intimidate the Indians, hut as induce
ments rather for them to arredc to the
wishes of the General Government
which looks to the fulfilment of title
compact with Georgia on the one
hand a id the prosperity and happiness
of the Cherokees on the other. • It is
thought to he important, however.
tfdia the promise of tbe mcaus of] tba.t, in any intgryiew yot* may halo
opinion, it will he more conducive to
the great end to be accomplished, you
will make temporary locations at some
two or three or more points mid send
Rogers and Maw with messages to
such persons as may he most likely,
altei being w on over to accept the pro
visions'of the treaty, to oi erate on
the mass of those who stir mind them.
Ilnving.done this, you will return to
your agency, and send the subagent
either to travel with Rotreis and
Maw through all the villages, or to »o
to such points as you may have
previously designated, for the purpose
of enrolling such names of Indians
as may agree to emigrate. There
should be some general and eentral
idace at which the Indians should col
lect, preparatory to a movement to
(he place of embarkation: and at
that point you will lie careful to have
supplies,' to support them the few
days they may he there, and to provi
sion them on their march to the land-
ing’on the Highwassee. where, also,
vou will establish a depot of provi
sions. In all the •business, you will
he careful to guard a gains* *h*> unne
cessary waste of a cent of a tbe public
money. The mode of procuring ra
tions will up tiereafier staled.'
lou will, meanwhile, instruct the
subagent, to be diligent in making
such impressions as lie may he able,
by enlisting as many influential In
dians as ho can, upon those Indians
who reside • within the limns of the
other States.
After you shall have diligently and
perseveringly executed the trust thus
far reposed in y®u, aided by Rogers
and Maw, aud returned to your agen
cy, apd Mr. Williams shall have
gone within the Georgia limits to
enrol the emigrant's, yoit will diligent
ly impress upon the Indians ^as has
been' required of. Mr. Williams to do
at the agency) of tbe other States
the advantages held out to them in the
west, as explained in the treaty, and
use your utmost diligence in securing
the assent of as many as you can to
go west.
It is made the further duty of Mr.
Williams, after enrolling the Indians,
to accompany them to the depot on
the Highwassec: and that this busi
ness may go on regularly, it will be
advisable for you to fix upon stated
periods, as well for their assembling
at the point or points within the lim
its of Georgia, as for their movement
therefrom to the Highwassee; and
periods also should be fixed, depend
ing on those just named, for embark-
ing.
In regard to their properly which
they may abandon. You will give the
ihost unqualified assurance that justice
shall he done in all respects. & you
will he particular in-impressing them
with full confidence in this particular';
and that no loss or fiaud may be ap
prehended, tell them the money will lie
Maced in the hands of the agent west,
of the Mississippi, to pay each claim
ant the moment he may arrive* with
which he can build his house, and in
other respects employ it to advantage.
\ ou will require an issuing agent at
the depot on the Highwassee. This
part of the business will require great
care. Regular rolls will he kept, &
a complete set of hooks; & rations
w ill be issued tm orders in favor of
individuals or parties of Indians, on the
issuing agent—drawn by, or counter
signed by you or Mr. Williams &
Mtese will he the vouchers of the issu
ing agent, with whom you will settle
accounts weekly. This agency is
conferred on T. W. Ross, to whom you
will pay the salary of a subagent, to
wit: at the rate of five hundred dol
lars ner annum.
An issuing agent may he required
at the depot in Georgia. You will
select some trusty com elent person,
who shall he a good accountant, and
keep in his possession such supplies
only as may be wanted, and ns indi
cated by the returns which may be
made to you by Mr. Williams. Col.
Mitchell, who lias taken a deep inter
est in this matter, may, perhaps, aid
you in a selection. To this issuing
agent, the same rates of allowance
will be made as to Mr. Ross. Or if
you c-an provision them upon another
system by the way, and upon fts good
terms, il is left in your discretion lo
do so.
This then is the plan of your opera
tions; and the Secretary of War ex
pects much at your hands He is con
vinced, as well from the great advan
tages which are held out to the In
dians in the west, as frorp the disposi
tion of a great portion of the poorer
Indians of the nation to emigrate, that
nothing is needed to accomplish much
i hut zealous and faithful services; and
he will not permit himself to doubt
your readiness to render, these. The
United Stales, and Georgia particu
larly, are deeply interested in the
complete execution of this plan.
As to the boats, you will be best
able lo judge of the kind and tbe sizes
mod proper. • It is presumed flat,
and not keeled boats, would answer
best; especially, as it will be a great
object for the emigrants to ascend the
Arkansas ns high as possible, and as
near their homes as they can.
The Indians having been collected
as stated, and the provisions and trans
portation thus seeured, nothing will
remain but for you to arrange for the
voyage. Upon this head I am direct
ed to instruct you to fix, as far as pos
sible. given periods for embarkation:
the compnnv will he larger thereby,
& mutual assistance can be afforeded in
<ase of accident &c. On counting your
numbers, you w ill estimate the time
it may require, for them to reach the
point on the Arkansas, (which will be
named to ydu in another letter,) and
Bowing a reasonable nymher of davs
over for accidents, issue the rations,
not to the Indians, but to same'special
agent who may be selected lo con
duct the parties, who will issue to tile
Indians at suitable periods, say three
days at a time. Indians being im
provident, this course is necessary.
And whenever the numbers aie so
great as to authorize it, let a separ
ate provision-boat accompany thepany.
In regard to Rogers and Maw. In
the first instance, Rogers only was
spoken of; but since Mr. Maw is ac
tive and useful, you iviM, as before in
dicated, retain him in Services &. iu aid
oi your efforts. As to salary, that
will he judged of when the extent
and value of their services may he
know n. You will meanwhile subsist
them; and justice will be done upon
the basis of their merits,good conduct,
and usefulness, when the Department
is informed of their works and suc
cess. Blankets and kettles are or
dered from New York, and rifles
from Philadelphia; five hundred of
each in the first order, to be forward
ed directly to Augusta, in Georgia,,
directed to you. You will write ts
some one known to you there, ts
receive and forward them on their
arrival.
It will be important for the Indians
to go by water. This you will iin
press upon them. But should any de
sire to go by land, give them (on re
eling satisfactory assurances of
their acting iu good fai(h) money in
commutation of their rations, and ket
tle, and rifle. But discourage this
mode, and especially as we have n®
ferry at Memphis; and more especial
ly still, as it will be doubtful whether
many of them, after getting their out
fit in a horse &.e. will not remain in
some >ther and distant part of the
na l inn.
Your hills will he drawn,‘in the-
usual form, on the Secretary of War,
stating in the hill, and also in a let
ter of advice, on what account it ip
drawn.
I am, respectfully, your obedient'
servant, Til L. McKENNEY.
To Col. Hugh Montgomery,
Cherokee Agent.
Department of War,
Office Indian affairs Nov. 26, 1826f.»
Sir: In the instructions of. July
28th, from the Department to you,
you were told to send the emigrants
as high up the Arkansas as possible,
& c.
The Secretary of Wav is of opin
ion that this work might he more rx-
peditiously and economically perform
ed, if, instead of your agency extend
ing to the highest navigable point o*
the Arkansas river, it were to change
its direction to a landing at the month
of White river. The emigrants, be
ing then in Arkansas will be in charge
of the agent west of tiie Mississippi,
who, it is fail- to presume, from his
local and other information, will be
able to facilitate the transportation
through the Territory, and upon trims
more economical than those which
you may he nble7o command.
This arrangement, therefore, the
Secretary if War directs w ill be re
garded in all cases except where ar-^
rangements may be already made;
and that there may he no difficulty in
regard to the change, you will notify
Major Duval, the agent for the Chero
kees west of the Mississippi, from
time to time, and time enough f»r him
to make his arrangements, of the num
ber and periods when the emigrant*
will be at White river.
I am, &c.
TH. I.. McKENNEY*
To Col. Hugh Montgomery,
Cherokee Agent.
[To be Continued.J
COMMUNICATED. ^
Extract from 1 the closing part of
address, ■ delivered in New Orleans,
the summer of 1826, by a young Chei
kee.
After speaking of the progress of I
countrymen, in the arts and sciem
the result of Gen. Washington’s a
vice to them, he proceeds thus:
But gentlemen tell us, that the
hidianB must be removed to some po:
in the west. What? Shall we lea
our country, the gift of Heaven a
the bequest of our ancestors? F<
ever bid farewell to the land that ga
us birth—the pure and sweet wate
ofTsalagi, and go to penetrate t
dreary and inhospitable regions of t
west ? there to lingeT out a miserab
exi tence? N^ver! never! Let
remain in the land of our Fathers,
give us - death. We have reaolv
never to raise up arms against t
l nited Stales. n*d if. in the course
Vi we, that jwmer wtro to aim at t