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Jpoa-jjfHY.
From tho Philadelphian.
Mr. Enrro.i,—I received the fallowing
lin’s from a ! a iv of this city, who informs
me that they were wr.tten hv an Indian,
and sent in a prvate letter to a minister
wh > had been labouring as a Missionary
a n »ng't the Cherokees.—By giving them
an insertion in your paper, you will gratii v
several, especially a j (! huve been tnU)
th"y have never appeared in print. Yours
rcsnectfdll . H.
INDIAN POETRY.
Written on the dcoth of Cathvrine
B :own, the first- convert to the Christian
fti'.h at Creek-path, Cherokee Notion.
Ah Cuerolsee, where is the daughter of
B own!
She’s resting beneath the tall tr-e,
But h’r spirit, so spotless, has silently
*lown
Far away, to Galvlatichi.*
Death mark’ 1 her his prey in the blossom
of youth,
From his g ,- asp no kind angel coni! save;
And innocence, meekness, religion and
truth, .1
All slumber in Catharine 1 , grave.
The heralds of grace drop affectionate
tears,
The mails of the forest all mourn;
E’en the hoa'k of the warrior is sad when
he hears,
The flower of th<* valley »* gonp.
Thou foef of the Ind.ans who love the true
God,
AVlio hast come from the Arkansaw
wave,
To stain thy sharp arrows in Cherokee’s
blood;
Step softly o’er Catharine’s grave.
Ah! \vh > is this youth, in whose bosom
»h“ fire .
Of charity rises «o Ivgh?
Who ardently pants in tli" 'and of his sire,
To labor for T "•us, and die!
Th ; s vouth is the brother beloved of the
maid,
Who sleeps in the dark narrow cave;
H< hastes to the wood where in childhood
he played,
To preach beside Catharine’s grave.
Ye daughters who dwell in the pleasan
green sba 1e,
Whom Catharine tenderly loved,
She bale you repent; for your pardon
sh n prayed,
And went wh»nsh' > saw you unmoved!
No more w 11 she point you to Calvary’s
scenes,
Or tell vou that Jesus will save,
Come, chaunt your sad dirges in sorrowful
strains,
As ye stand around Catharine’s grave.
Though cold be her pillow and dark her
abode,
As the shades which at ventide play,
Inv : «ih!e spirit' encircle her sod,
And wa‘ch her slow :noid l»ring clay.
H w great is ih" p«- of heavenly alioir,
O ' -a i silent and beautiful eve,
Wli -n to Jesus’ praise they wake the sweet
Ivre,
A" they stand around Catharine’s grave.
Th-ir notes snfflv sound through the si-
l~nc B of night,
“Dear Saviour all nraise shall he thine ”
Ere long, in bright glory the gospel’s pure
light
On each Ch^rokcr’s dwelling shall
shine.
And when, at the voice of Galvlatichi,
The dead their lone mansions shall
leave,
\ form wrapt in garments of light we shall
see
A .'sing from Catharine’s grave.
•The Cn Mokee name of the true God.
t The Osages,
TO-MORROW.
To-morrow! G.and deceiver of our
•acet
For thee, still unimprov’d to-day gives
place,
The heart’s bad choice,h p nce the tongue
still says
To-morrow.
To-morrow! False foundation, broken
reed I
Who ever prosper’d that tothee gave heed?.
Who madly wastes to-day w !' never speed
To-morrovo.
To-morrow! Phantom of the idler’s brain!
To- imi a yesterday, has come in vain,
To li m, who, triihng, w.sdom hopes to
To-morrow.
To-morrnw thou 'av. tho-d’t wiser hr f
“Thou !%>•■* ! This night, iliy soul’s re
quir'd of thei;”
To-day is lost, nor shalt thou ever see
To-morrow.
Tn-mirrmv! L B tthe man of heart sincere,.
The presm! time nnpv ' •, hi« Gal rever-.
Who It.sely lives to-day, has nought to
fear
To-morrow.
TIME FLIES—AND WHAT THEN?
H 'W swiff the pinions Time puts od,
T ■ urge his flight away;
T *-dav’s soon yesterday—anon
To-morrow is to-day.
Thus davs, &. weeks, 8t months, 8t years,
D p art from mortal view,
A*, sa dlv, through this < &le of tears
•ur journey w# pursue I
MEMORANDA OF T1H SLAVE
TRADE AND SLATERY.
Slavery umongthe anutnU.—liomer
often alludes to ilie custom of kidnap
ping in the piratical expedlions, and
of reducing prisoners of var to the
condition oi slaves. Atlieis, on the
lowest computation, contaned three
grown male slaves to one freeman.
The treatment, which they received,
was comparatively mild. If able to
purchase freedom, tlity. demanded it
of their masters, at a certain fixed
price. Only two imonsiuerable in
surrections are recoded. At one
time they seized upen the castle of
Suniurn, and committed depredations
tn the surrounding country. At Spar-
la, the condition of slaves ivas dej loru
hie in the extreme, and several times
by their means, the Spartan state was
threatened with extinction. Bgypi
was early a mart for slaves. Strabo
says that at Delos in Cilicia, ll),OuU
slaves, a day, were sold for the bene
fit of the Homans. At Si. ily ihert
were very frequent insurrections oi
slaves. Tivo consular armies were
destroyed in one war. Some of the
Romans had from six to ten thousand
slaves each. A Roman nobleman
being assassinated, four hundred
slaves were put to death in conse
quence.
Adrian was the Roman Emperor,
who deprived the master of a i'amil)
of the power of life and death o\er
its members. Constantine abolished
personal slavery. Slavery, it Eu
rope, in the middle ages, was such as
now exists in Poland. Marriage n-
mong the vassals was a relig.ons and
solem i rite. They worshipped at
the same alter with their lords, &c.
The Slave trade and Slavery in mod
ern times. About the year 1500 a
few slaves were sent from the Portu
guese settlements in Africa into the
Spanish colonies in America. In
1511, Ferdinand V. of Spain permit
ted them to be carried in great num
bers. In consequence of the terrible
destruction of the Indians in America,
Bartholomew de las Casas, a benevo
lent Catholic bishop, proposed 1o Car
dinal Ximanes, in whose hands .the
government of Spain was lodged, be
fore the accession of Charles V. to
establish a regular system of com
merce in African slaves. This pro
posal was in order to save the Indians
from extirpation. Xeinines replied
that it would be very inconsistent to
free the inhabitants of one continent
by enslaving those of another.—In
1517, Charles V. permitted one of
his Flemish favorites to import 4.WO
Africans into America. In 1542, he
ordered that all slaves in his Ameri
can dominions should be set free.
Upon the abdication of this monarch,
slavery was revived. The first im
portation of slaves by Englishmen was
in the re'gn of Elizabeth, in 1562.—
Louis XIII. of France would not allow
the introduction of slaves into his
American Islands, til! he was assured
that it was the readiest way to con
vert them to Christianity. The first
slaves brought into the United, States
were bv a Dutch ship in 1620 which
landed at Jamestown in Virginia. The
number was 20.
Abolition of the Slave, trade.-—In May
1772, by a decision of the High Court
of England, it was declared, that the
British Constitution does not recog
nize a state of slavery. In 1785, the
R.*v. Dr. Packend, President of
Magdalen College, Cambridge, gave
out as a theme for a prize essay, “Is
it right to make slaves of others a-
gainst their will?” The prize was
gained by Thomas Clarkson. In May
1787, a Committee of twelve individ
uals was forme I in London to procure
the abolition of slavery. In one visit
at the ports of London, Liverpool, and
Bristol. Vfr- Clarkson ascertained tile
names of 20,000 English Seamen,
who had perished in the slave-trade.
In February 1788, by order of the
tCing. a Committee of the Privy
Council took into 'Consideration the
subject of the African slave trade
The subject was introduced into Par
liament. on the ninth oT May 1788-
bv William Pitt. A hill was passed
to limit the number of slaves to a ship
In 1792, a hill passed the Commons
or the gradual abolition of the trade
130 to 85. In 1708, a motion to a
mlish tho slave trade within a limit
•d time was lost 83 to 87; but agai'.
'n 1804. carried 69 to 36.* Januar
till 1807, a bill was introduced inti
the House of Lords for its immediate
and total abolition, and carried 100
to 36. In the Commons, it wus pass
ed almost by acclamation; two hun
dred and eighty three voting in the af
firmative, and sixteen in the negative.
Onlhe 25th of' January 1807, just as
the sun readied his meridian, the bill
received the royal assent.
United Stales.—In 1772, the House
of burgesses of Virginia petitioned
the Bi lush Government lor permission
to piohibil the further importation of
slaves into that colony. The petition
was rejected. All children horn ot
slaves in the state ol Peensylvunia
alter March 1st 1780, were free, in
the s.rne month the constitution of
Massachusetts was ratified, which in
terdicted slavery. By the constitu
tion of New Hampshire, adopted in
1192, iio person could be held a slave;
jy ihul of Vermont in I i9J; by leg
islative enactment in Rbode-1 land m
i 783; in Connecticut a law was pass
ed in 1784, declaring that all persons
oorn after that year siioirM be free,
on attaining tho age of twenty-live
years; in New Jersey, a law was
lassed in 1804, declaring that every
child born of a slave after July 4th
of that year should be free. In Nevv-
York, July 4th, 1827, slavery totally
"ceased. The United Stales Congress
of 1787, enacted a law, interdicting
slavery forever from the country be
tween the Onio'and Mississippi rivers.
January 1st, 1808, the slave-trade
ceased by the constitution ot the. Unit
ed States. In March 1820, by act
of Congress all citizens of the United
States, who shall he found engaged in
the slave trade, and be convicted of
the offence shall suffer death.
African Colonization.—In June
1787, the English Colony at Sierra
Leone was established. This terri
tory lies 8 (leg. 12 tn. north latitude,
and about 12 deg. west longitude,
in 1794, the settlement was nearly
destroyed by a French licet. In 18j7,
all the possessions of the company
were surrendered to the British
crown. The Colony now contains
18.000 inhabitants, 12.000 of whom
are liberated negroes. The freight
on the shipments made from the colo
ny in 1824 was nearly UO,OOU/.
The Amercan Colonization Society
was formed in December 1816. In
1818. a portion of the African coast
was explored by Messrs. Mills and
Burgess. In 1820, eighty emigrants
were sent out, In December 1821,
Cape Montserado was purchased, and
soon after, a permanent settlement
commenced. The population ot the
colony noiv exceeds 1.200, ol whom
533 were sent out in 1827. With.it
two years past about 1,000 slaves
have been, liberated in the United
States,many of whom have been trans
mitted to Africa.
Miscellaneous.—In Austria, it was
declared by royal edict in 1826. that
every slave from the moment he
touches the Austrian soil, or an Aus
trian ship, is free. In 1825, a decree
was pa sod by the Government of
France, declaring that all engaged in
the slave trade as proprietors, super
cargoes.. &e. shall he punished with
banishment, and a fine equal to the
value of the ship and cargo; officers
of the vessels rendered incapable of
serving in the French navy ; and other
individuals punished with imprison
ment. In Brazil, it is to be abolish
ed in three years afl^r March 1st,
1827.
Six Spanish ships were captured
in 1826, which had on board 1,360
slaves: one ship of 69 tons had 221
slaves. In 1827, a Spanish Schooner
of 60 tons was captured; having in her
hold 220 slakes; 30 soon died. It is
accounted a good voyage, if not more
than 20 in 100 perish. In the month
of January 1828, 2,100 slaves were
landed in Bahia, Brazil.
The traveller. Burkhardt, says that
the number of slaves in Egypt is 20,-
000; in a plague recently in Cairo,
8.000 perished. In the kingdom of
Darfour in Extern Africa, the num
ber of slaves is about 10.000; in Bor-
noon, Bagerme, Haonssa, &c. the
slaves are about 10,000 to 100 000
freemen. All the Bedouins are well
s ocked with shves. In Syria there
ire but few slaves. From 6 to 800
uinually are bought up by the Turk
ish officers in Egyt. In the British
Vest Indies tho number of slaves is
00, 000. They are constantly de-
•reasing. In the United States, in
820, there were 1 764,833 slaves,
nd 233,400 free blacks.
, Quarterly Journal.
MAKING BUTTER IN THE
WINTER.
1. By Heating.—“The pans, with
the milk just taken from the.cows,
remain until a thin skin of cream is
produced. They aVe then placed in
the water, and in about thirty minutes
thereafter all the cream contained in
the milk is iormed on the surface.
The crea/n thus obtained is managed
as other rich cream is in all well con
ducted dairies.”
As soon as the milk is taken from
the cow, let it be placed on a steady
wood fire, free as possible from
smoke, and scalded for thirty minutes;
particular care must be taken not to
allow it to boil. It must then be
placed in a cool situation, and on the
following day, a thick rich cream will
appear on the surface of the milk,
(which is excellent for dessert pur
pose) which may be taken off and made
into butter the common way. This
method is practised in England, and it
is said that a greater quantity of but
ter, and of better quality, can be
made by this than by the common
mode.
Butter may likewise be made in
cold weather by freezing the milk.
This method has been recommended
by E. H. Dfrby Esq of Salem, and
published in the N. E. Farmer. Y> e
will give it again for the benefit of
recent subscribers, in the words of
Mr. Derby.
2. By freezing.— “The milk taken
from the con is immediately strained
in earthen pans, and set in the coldest
part of the house.—As 60on as the
(tost begins to operate, a separation
takes place; the cream rises in a
thick paste to the top, and leaves the
milk without a particle of cream,
frozen in the pan. The cream is not
so hard but that it can easily he
scraped off with a spoon, down to the
solid ice; it is then set aside until a
sufficient quantity is collected for a
churning, when it is warmed just so
much as to thaw the cream sufficient
ly to put it into the churn. I have
never known to it require more than
five minutes to convert cream into
butter after the churnin' had com
menced
“I ought to state that 1 think this
method injurious to the cream for cer
tain purposes; such for instance as
whip syllabubs, as my domestics found
after the cream was mixed with o-
ther ingredients, the least, agitation
brought it to butter,”
jY. E. Farmer abr.
The following curious story h told
of an old lady living in Buckingham
shire. Some time ago the husband of
this ancient dame died without making
his will, for the want of which very
necessary precaution his estate would
have passed away from his widow,
had she not resorted to the following
expedient to avert the loss of her
property. She concealed the death
of her husband, and prevailed upon an
old cobler, her neighbour, who was in
person somewhat like the deceased,
to go to bed at her house, and per
sonate him, in which character it
was agreed that be should dictate a
will leaving the widow the estate in
question. An attorney was next sent
for to draw up the writings. The
widow, who, on his arrival appeared
in great affliction at her good man’s
danger, began to ask questions of her
pretended husband,calculated to elicit
the a ns we i s she expected and desired.
The cobler groaning aloud, and look
ing as much like a person going to give
up the ghost as possible, feebly an
swered, “I intend Jo leave you half
of my estate, and I think the poor
shoemaker who lives opposite is de
serving the other half, for he has al
ways been a good neighbour.” The
widow was thunderstruck at receiv
ing a reply so different to that whinh
she expected, but dared not negative
the cobler’s will, for fear of losing the
whole of the propeity, while the old
rogue in bed (who was himself the
poor old shoemaker living opposite)
laughed in his sleeve, and divided with
her the fruits of a project which the
widow had intended for her sole ben-
«fit.—Buck's [Eng.] Gazette
POWER OF ELOQUENCE.
The accomplished skeptic, Ches
terfield, was present when Whitfield
presented the votary of sin under the
figure of a blind beggar, led by a littje
dog. The dog had broken his string.
The blind cripple, with his staff be
tween both hands, groped his way un
conscious to the side of a precipice.
As lie felt alongwithhis staff, it drop
ped down the descent, too deep to
send back an echo. He thought if
on the ground, and bending forward,
took one careful step to recover it.
But he trod on vacancy, poised for a
moment, and a* he fell headlong
Chesterfield sprung from his seat, and
exclaimed, “By heaven, he is gone.”
INTEGRITY.
Integrity is a great and commcn-.
dable virtue—-a man of integrity is a
true man, a bold man, a and steady
man. He is to be trusted and relied
upon. No bribes can corrupt him.
I^o fear daunt him. His word is slow
in coining, but sure. He shines
brightest in the fire, and his friend
hears from him most when he most
needs him. His courage grows with
danger, and conquers opposition by
obstinacy. As he cannot be flat-,
tered or frightened into that he dis
likes, so he hates flattery and tempo
rizing in others. He runs, with truth
and not with time—with ^ight and
not with might; his path is straight,
soon seen, but loo seldom followed.—-
Win. Penn's advice to his children.
Judge Jeffries once said, pointing
to a prisoner, “there is a great rogue
at the end of iny eanc.” “At which
end, my Lord,” asked the culprit.
WAYS AND MEANS.
Two Irishmen who were travelling-
together had got out of money, mid
being in want of a drink of whiskey,
devised the following ways and means;
Patrick, catching a frog out of a brook,
went forward, and the first tavern he
came to, asked the landlord Yvhat
craitur that was. “It is a frog,” re
plied the landlord. “No, sir,” said
Pat, “it is a mouse.” “It is a frog,”
rejoined the landlord.“It is a mouse,”
said Pat, I will leave it to the first
traveller that comes along, for a pint
of whiskey.” “Agreed,” said the land
lord. Murphy soon arrived, and to
him was the appeal made. After much
examination and deliberation, it was
decided to he a mouse,; and the land
lord, in spite of the evidence of Ins-
senses, paid the bet.
ADVERSITY".
If adversity hath killed its thousands,
prosperity hath killed its ten thousands;
therefore adversity is to be preferred;
the one deceives, the other instructs;
the one makes miserably happy, the
other happily miserable; and therefore
many philosophers have voluntarily
sought adversity and so much com
mended it in their precepts Deme
trius., in Seneca, esteemed it a great
infelicity that in his lifetime he had no
misfortune. Adversity, then, is not
so heavily to be taken; and we ought
not, in such caces, so much to mace
rate ourselves; there is no such odds
in poverty or riches.
RESOLUTION.
For a soldier to meet the enemy in
battle, where leaden deaths are vvliiz- -
zing on every side, must require no
faint resolution; for a lover to pop
the question of questions to his
deary, \^hen his heart goes pit-a-pat,
and his tongue threatens to prove
recreant to its office, requires no eve
ry day effort of resolution; for a toper
to quit the beloved bqttle, and endeav
our to stem the strong tide of his han
kerings, requires a mighty resolution,
aijd many a man, having proved victo
rious for a moment, goes hack again
to “treat resolution;” but of all the
situations in life requiring a deter-,
mined, heroic and prodigious effort
of resolution, that of getting out of a
warm bed, in a keen, cold morning,
caps the climax,—we mean one of
those mornings, when the windows
are crusted over with frost when your
breath congeals on the sheets, when,
your fingers freeze fast to the door-
latch, and the very air itself seems
stiffened with cold.
WHO SHALL HAVE THE PRIZE?
There was once to be a meeting of
the flowers, and the judge was to a-
ward a prize to the one pronounced
the most beautiful. “Who shall have
the prize?” said the rose, stalking for
ward in all the consciousness of beau
ty.” “Who shall have the prize?”
said the other flowers advancing, each
filled with conscious pride, and each
imagining it would be herself. “I
will take a peep at those beauties,”
thought the violet, as she lay in her
humble bed, not presuming to attend
the meeting—“I will see them as they
pass;” but as she raised her lowly
head to peep out of her hiding place,
she was observed by the judge, who
immediately pronounced her the most
beautiful, because the most mode|t.
I