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A,’ GW y JcfVf0O«& \ r CHEIMHSI* PHflEWlX, A.\» IpIA W ADVOCATE. MM *6r smt PRINTED UNDER .THE PATRONAGE, AND FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE CHEROKEE NATION, AND DEVOTED TO THE CAUSE OF INDIANS. if- ■ - .... . . .. . E. BOUDIN OUT, Emtob. NEW ECHOTA, WEDNESDAY MARCH 18,1829. TOL.II.-aO. 1 PRINTED WEEKLY BY JNOa p. wheels*, At 92 50 if paid in advance, $3 in six months, or $2 50 if paid at the end ol the year. To subscribers who can read only the Cherokee language the price will be $?2,00 "in advance, or $*2,50 to.be paid within the jean Every subscription will be considered as ooatinued unless subscribers give notice to •the contrary before the commencement ol a new year, and all arrearages paul. \nv person procuring six subscribers, *n 1 becoming responsible for the payment, ■Shall receive a seventh gratis. Advertisements will be inserted at seven ty-five cents square for the first mser- fion, and thriy-seven and a half cents to -cadi continuance; longer ones in projo l> ,^3»A11 letters addressed to the Editor, yost paid, will receive due attention. # VV y i <f .9 V 0- a A D h » 1 J E a. 5 d- t»9.Vt.Xc*A TAAT 5 V«V* JIufBAA h4*d ksjIE aiiWii.i«>y kta D*p o^ina TGTZ TEJ»0-J” D6J*:»P'<» J- TCTZ ftp TdSO-A TU De.l^j^Do*^* K >’ O’O'B.l K4e0.l. D?UA<i9EZ TB y .V DeJ^oif^A, o-yviT d*p o-oabj cwyz o»cjr ahOJi-icSiy, wi 5 ^ rs-iBf, tctz ne- KTJiz D^p e<*y.r yjR D8J^o?P«id' AGENTS ‘FOR THE CHEROKEE PHCENIX. The following persons arc authorized to receive subscriptions and payments for the Cherokee Plimnix. Messrs. Peirce fc Williams, No. 20 'Market St;Boston, Mass. George M. Tracy, Agent ofthe A. B. Oi F. M. N-w York. . Rev, A. D. Eddy, Canandaigua, IN. \. Thomas Hastings, Utica, N. Y. Pollard &. CoHVtnn, Richmond, A a. Rev. James Campbell, Beaufort, S. C William Moultrie Reid, Charleston, '9 G Coi. Georg* Smith, Statesville, W. T. William M. Combs, Nashville 1 en. Rev. Ben.net Roberts—Powal Me. Mr. Thus. R. Gold, (an itinerant Gen tleman.) Jeremiah Austil, Mobile Ala. RELIGIOUS. IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL. JPi oofs from the History and the light of Na ture. A work has been published in Lon don the past year, entitled ■•The Philosophy of a Future State;” by Thomas Dick. The fundamental principle which he proposes to estab lish, is, that there is a future state of ex istence, in which man must live for- JEocr. In favor of this important truth, he appeals to the light of nature, and t» the dictates of Revelation, and suv. cessively argues that both concur in establishing the fact. His first ap peal is to universal belief, in support £f which he adduces the Greekfc. the Romans, the Egyptians, and the Scy thians, among the ancients; and the inhabitants ofthe Society and F ieud- jy Islands, the New-Zoalanders, the Jbimooidans, the Kalmue Tartars the Par mans, the Japanese, the Africans, and -the American Indians, among the ■jBodern. This belief, he contends, is not the offspring of superstition, like that yvhich leads a'barbarous peopleto cher ish a belief in fairies, elves, & goblins for when such na'tions become enlight ened, while the shadows or credulity disappear, the belief in the soul's im mortality acquires strength, being confirmed by arguments which uothing but an acquirement of genuine knowl edge can supply- The desire of future existence im planted in the humaif mind, the nature of the intellectual faculties, the per petual desire of obtaining knowledge, the progress of the mind towards per fection, the unlimited range opened to the human mind in the immensity ef space and duration, the moral pow ers of the soul, the forebodings of conscious guilt,the disordered state of the moral world when contrasted the pialorialj the unequal dis tribution of rewards and punishments, ’ the absurdity of supposing that a think ing principle will ever be annihilated, and the gloomy consequences involved in a denial of an hereafter, all lurnish the author with distinct sources of ar gument in favor of his fundamental proposition.— London Christian Guar dian. RFXIGTON-By Mackenzie. The following short & beautiful quo- ! at ion is from the pages of the elegant the benevolent, the inspired M’Ken- zic. Speaking of those who profess a disbelief in religion.^ie expresses him self in the following heart touching manner:— : , “He who would undermine those foundations upon which the fabric of our future hope is '-Cared, seeks to beat down that column which supports the feebleness o humanity:—let him but think a moment, and his heart will’arrest the cruelty of his purposes. Would he pluck its little treasure from the bosom of poverty? would he wrest its crutch from the hand of age, and remove from the eye of af fliction the only solace of its woe? The way we tread is rugged, at best; we tread it, however, lighter by the prospect of the better country to which, we trust, it will lead. Tell us not it will end in the gulf of eter nal dissolution, or break off in some wild, which fancy may fill up as she pleases, but reason is unable to de lineate; quench not that beam, which amidst the night of this evil world has cheered the despondency of ill requited worth, and illumined the darkness of suffering virtue.” INDIANS. Con ,n Bpondence between Col. Thos. L. olcKenney ami the U. N. agent, Cob Hugh Montgomery, on thesubj' ct of the present Cherokee emigration. [concluded] Department of Was, Office Indian Jlffiirs, Oct,, 1, 1829. Sir: Your letter to the Sec.cla ry of War, of 30th August, is re ceived. It is esteemed to have been entirely proper in you to ascertain the number, and the names also, if you have done so, and the locations, if hose are permanent, of those who once registered for emigration, receiv ed the consideration held out to them, and afterwards remained behind. It is, however, thought prudent, for the present, not to press this subject upon the delinquents, or to refuse them, should they enrol ag: in, the benefits ofthe present proposed outfit. The subject, iu regard to such as may finally refuse to emigrate, may be one for future consideration. All you will have to do with such as may have on e profited by a trick ofthe sort will be to put the repetition of it out of their power by seeing them off. It would certainly be improper to de liver the gun. hi • « &.c. &c. to those ivho may enrol while they may remain without your control. It is supposed the proper time would be wheu they embri'k. I am, sir, &< TII L Me KENNEY. To Col. Hugh Montgomery. Cherokee Agent. Extract of the annual report of the officer in charge if the Bureau, of In dian Affairs to the Secretary of IVar, of 1st Nov. 1826. “The act of the same dale (9th May) appropriating 50,000 dollars to enable the President of the United States to carry into effect ■ the arti cles of agreement and cession of the 24th April, 1802, between the United States and Georgia, having the same object in view as was contemplated in so much of the recent treaty with the Cherokecs of Arkansas as looked to the emigration of those east of the Mississippi; ami it being belived that the measures taken to carry into ef fect those provisions of tins treaty would better promote the object than the appointment of Commissioners: and especially since a double set of operations would have been set in mo tion among the Cherokecs at the same time, which it was apprehended would distract them, and weaken the effect of the means adopted to carry the treaty into effect, it was thought to be advisable to address a letter to the agent in reference to the intention of the act, a copy of which I submit herewith, marked C. Should it be deemed advisable at any future time to employ other means to fulfil the in tention of this act, it can be done, and with, perhaps, more effect, since the result of what is now doing will be known, and the obstacles, of whatev er kinds these may prove to be, will be when the report of the agent is received, stating the result of his present efforts.” Cherokee Aof.ncv, 20th, September, 1828 Sir: On last night I returned from the tour, as directed in your order of the 28th July, and have only time, be fore the mail goes out, to make you a hasty report. On the first instant l set out with Rogers and Maw; and finding that eve ry possible means had been used, both in their paper and verbally, by the Chiefs, to raise the prejudice of the lower class of the Indians against Rogers and Maw, and believing that Major Walker would be of service, I took him along. We arrived at Coo- sawattee on the 2d, where we found a large collection at ofre of their courts; on the next day I read the treaty to them,&. explained to them the many advantages of that country, and why it ought to be preferred to this, and some of the reasons why the Gov ernment wished them to emigrate. Rogers interpreted. They seemed impatient and restless. As soon as I was done, George Sanders, S. Graves, and Thomas Foreman, the latter of whom had followed us all the way, and who seemed to be the principal speaker, all replied they would never go. They then commenced with Ro- ! gers and Maw. Foreman told them ; that they had sold this country, and were come to persuade the Indians to give it up: this I contradicted; be re plied it was all the same They af terwards spoke in Indian, the sub- j stance of which Rogers interpreted to be that they ordered him and Maw to go out of the nation; told them that their lives were in danger if they did ‘ not go immediately. Rogers replied , that he was obliged to go with me as interpreter. Foreman offered to fur- ; nisb one. Rogers told him he would go as far as I went: he then observed; j “You intend to sell your life as dear as you can: you think, if we. kill you, that Congress will take away our land for it.” After the clamor and noise had subsided, we took our leave of them, and proceeded to the Hickory Uog court: the court had adjourned before we arrived, and the Indians were all drinking. Here we were received and treated much more friendly, but we found that their run ners were ahead of us, and that one of the Chiefs had on the day before given them what they called a strong talk. On the next week we attended High tower court; this was the first place where an Indian would venture to talk to Rogers or Maw privately, or show any familiarity with them in company. After reading the first, second, and eighth articles of the treaty, and explaining the provisions, and also giving them the invitation, I left Maw and Walker there, and with Capt. Rogers proceeded up the High tower to its source, calling the In dians of each village together: found them mm:h more temperate and friendly; hut believe 1 was anticipat ed every where, and the reply made tip before they heard what I lmd to say. Some few talked favorably, but privately, and I believe will cn rol. Several appeared inclined to remove, but wished to see the coun try first. We then crossed the mountains, and visited several of the villages in what is called the Valley Towns. IV e found that the runners had been there also ahead of us, and the Chiefs pre pared with a reply, which was gener ally that they liked the country, and were determined not to remove. Here we learnt that one man, who had talked of enrolling, had been driven out of a company, and not suffered to drink with them; and a report had been circulated that the first man who enrolled was to be killed. Al though 1 do net believe the latter re port, yet it has its influence on the fears of those who are inclined to en rol. 1 am of opinion that it will be best not to send the subagent out until the present ferment subsides, and in the mean time try to operate on such indi viduals as 1 find favorably disposed, and, if I succeed, get them to come to the agency and put themselves under my protection, and issue them provisions, &c.; and hope by this means to induce others to join them, and in three or four weeks send out the subagent and Mr. Rogers, if he continues here; if not, the interpre ter. 1 find that only a single Indian has yet enrolled, and that but very few have visited the agency during my absence. I have the honor to be your obe dient servant. H MONTGOMERY, Hon. Peter B. Porter, Secretary of IVar, Washington City. Department of War, 0jf.ee Indian affairs Dec. 1, 1829. Sir: The remarks which I consid er it necessary to submit on the oc currence named in the accompanying (preceding) letter from Colonel Mont gomery are such generally, as I have before had the honor to convey, and on several occasions, in regard to what is the ascertained feeling of the chiefs of the Southern Indians, viz: a fixed purpose, by threats and other wise, to keep their people from emi grating. The remedy is, the presence of an armed force, near or upon the birders of these people, for the pro tection of each as may desire to remove. On taking such a position, the object of it should be clearly explained to the Indians; and the purpose ofthe Government explicitly avowed to lie, not to force by it the Indians from their lands, but only to secure the freedom of will, and the right to ex ercise it in those who, being tired of the difficulties and troubles of their present situation, seek to relieve both by emigration. To such policy it is presumed no exception could be tak en, even by the great body of Indians themselves. The letter from Colonel Montgome ry clearly shows the reason of the little success that has so far attended this benovolent scheme of the Gov ernment for the relief of the Indians. It will alivlys be so, unless those chiefs who oppose it are taught that the will of their people shall be fret, and that the choice they may make shall be gratfied. It is my decided opinion that the Cherokees, as a people, are not pre- f iared to receive, and act under, the a\vs of the States within whose lim its their country lies; but many of them are, and these would Lf a credit to the country, in all that relates to intelligence and virtue. To the lat ter, the proper inducements ought to he held out, in lands, and in a fee sim ple title to them, in the means to work and make them valuable, and ;• the rights of citizenship. To the for mer, the wav of removal ought to be unobstructed and free, and sufficient inducements offered to crowd it with emigrants. Nor should these peopli be left to roain at large after arriving i i the eoiintrv west of the Mississi ppi; there tlie^ should have houses, add fields, and work-shops, schools &n(g teachers, a government and law* framed expressly tor their use; and the future should never be permitted to become to them the source of that calamity which has characterized the past. These views are respectfully sub mitted: if they are Jibe ally and * ir- itedly acted on, & persevered in, the crisis which is at hand in ng .u io these intertsting but hapless people, may be avoided; but if not, there i aj be. in my opinion, nothing done to d - liver them fr~m the coming shuck, and from Us destructive effects uj oq them. In regard more especially to he outrages as stated by Colonel .v out- goinery to have been committed on James Rogers, there should be an in vestigation, preparatory to die taking of such steps ns may he deemed ne cessary to prevent their rei urreuce. Respectfully submitted, TI1. L. Me KENNEY. To the Hon. P. B. Porter, Secretary of It dr. Extract of a letter from Cel JMcKeth net/ to Col. II. JUontgom y a Ltd December 11/A, 1828. * “Your letters, and the correspond ence between you and the Cher- ke< s, are received. Your proceedings iq the case of Spear are (I am direct* d by the Secretary of War to say) up- proved. Rogers was an agent of thfl Government to make known its off-, jerts, which are kind in their designs to the Cherokees. The trial before a jury will decide whether the afl'aip was personal, and of a private nature, or not, and what damages unde, any circumstances are proper. In regard to the kettles an . rifles, the latter left Philadelphia on the 12tb of last month. The fo rmer arc ; he same kinds'of kettles as the ’t ri- can Fur Company send to their estab lishments, and such as the United States southern and northern factors used to vend. I wrote to you as to the propriety of buying them in New York or with you. You thought u it!) me that it would be best to buy them in New York, which was done! \ on did not say whether brass or others} and the kind ordered, being su. h as I have stated, it was thought would an swer—and I think so stilJ: they ar$ not the ordinary “tin” kettles, but kettles made expressly of thick and durable materials for Indian uses and arc used in the northwest and else where almost exclusively.” “I have no doubt when the kettles arrive they will give satisfaction; if not, then brass ones can be got for tlio future; and you will say which will be best, and also what numbers you expect will be required for the next season; and also how many more ri fles and blankets. You may let the Cherokees know that emigrants, and their agents, w ill be protected, as the delegation will be told on their arrival here, There is no doubt but these people fe r th«ir Chiefs, and on that account held back.” “You will cause the necessary ac commodations to be furnished in some houses about the agency for the ac comodation of Mr. Ross, and contigu ous to the place where the supplies are to be issued, and w ith as little delay as possible.” [extract.] Cherokee Agency, 11th IJcctmbir 182S. Sir: The subagent and interpreter are returned from the Georgia side of the nntion, and have only enrolled two small families, nine persons in alh our whole number now is but 84. The guns had not arrived at Mh susta when I last heard from that olnre. I fear 1 have not bee*' able sufficiently to impress on your m : nd !be importance that it would he to the service, if the person appointed to vef« 'he improvements would arrive* at llii# tunc elmust every t^m* ■