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V I gw y j<r.auo CfUSR PIHENIX, AJJfD BNIMANN’ ADVOCATE. •’Kl.VTED rXDHK I UK rAT!K'X.V(>!:, AND Foil THE UENEF1T OF THE < HEROKEE X^TIOX, AM) DEVOTED TO THE CAUSE OF INDIANS. —» .A——, ■. ~ ■■>,■ I . liOUUIXOTT, KDITOK. V II, ~~r i miW ECHOM, WEDNESDAY £6, 1 £29, NO. r?: i VI l.o 'VI I KI.V BY John r. ir///;/;/./;// : J jO if paid in a Ivanro, in s-.\ , or 8.) 50 if pail at the* end of tin; finemeiit, was purchased of them or obtained with their consent. Afte* tho adoption of the constitution of the .lonth ■t?a r. To -uli Cln-oko” i\i t U ***. <»:' ^ 2. jit t*J : i ' far. Eu'h s.il»- •ri}'ti*»;i will bo consider « outiuni'll ,iin **s <;iie ’riDcr- givc not n* tf»''conirai v b-f >r<» th ■ ‘omnorirvm ribers who can read only the in ,r na >|C I!» * pr.ro will lie 2.00 Ik? ilaid w itii.n t li as t o ■ fir" th ■ ‘'liiiiieocenn'nt if a jew year,and all arrearages paid. \nv iier**in procuring six snbscri’icrs, and becoming responsible for the payment, vh.cl recciv .* .i seventh gratis. \d\crtisemcids will be ins** t<* ! at seven- t .-live cents » er sijuare for the first inser- flon. am' thirls-seven and a half cents for * ;l ch cominuance: longer ones in propor tion. ^ _ j=» Vll letter^ addressed to the Kditor, paid, will receive due attention. a iv y » o' .* u re a j) n f. s ; ? r, c^ <s .1 . t -ouxa.i t v.op v r Uufn \.i o4*.t. in.if: .inc51».i.t y ivT.i n.’F fo.iiu e4-t l TtTZ 1 MAH' T . 4 Mil r^0‘.\ TB r,*sl f; IMH.1 f'4 T.r I'uited ‘States, the duty ot negotiatm with the Indians devolved on tho go vermneat, and has ever since ed with it. The Indian tt il l«'»*r».i 'ic .IK! mi<[ ni a He tlieifi passthrough the ear into the j hut also provided, “that if a citizen heaift. Cany them home to your of the United States attempted to set* people; and as long as you remember your visit to the father of the eighteen lircsj, remember these are his last and best words (o von ! wav from them, in direct opposition to the remoiistanees of the United States Agent, and under forms of jus- considered as deiiaet dent. Treaties were ed, an I bv w hich their s»ivereign!-\ within tho-e limits was distinctly re i tie on these lands, he might be pun ished by the Indians, according to their j lice more insulting to justice itself, <>.vn laws.” In 1791, another treaty j than the most barefaced violence.— ce remain- j best,.words to you! ! was concluded between the United j What! in the 19th century, in this iocs were , Hint the “straight and good talk ' of States and the Cherokees, by which j land ol light, undertake to decide up ■ I it o pen- , il| ( *i)nv President is couched in diller- | lj ,e boundary line was fixed, and all on the rights of a fellow being, and in- { lands not ceded, were solemnly vet exclude him and ail his friend?, lie guaranteed to ihe I herokee nation, and all who possess the same tom it was further provided, that all cili- land, j ‘ v,( • i cut j.iiigu-ige, and is i **•"*», *»y »vl»i':h «ltc boiuU.irirs oft licit- j liniqtton of a distinct ! l(M’itorios went a linitte.1 an I iv-iila, ! policy Horn that wiiic > apparently an mid opposite cognize?! an i acKuottim governnie it wen' fai (her; a system of measures foi put. 1 Ilf it adopted teaehioL |M Clji, iic»l. h has hitherto Yiwr demanding the s.,i- ; zei, s settling *m the Cherokee plexiun, from giving testimony in the No wonder that the venue* re idler «»l certain Indians who had P I* «*>.!• I 1 K 1 u?.r^ c i.z t v, y w t !i * * •: i llie arts oj‘ civilized lift*, for making them a stationary and agrieul tural people, a*i,! i‘or esiablislii.ig th an as a civilized nation, within the limbs secured by treaty. YYfiile many cf the numerous tribes who once in!) ibif- ed the country, have even under th’s system of policy disappeared, s on » have hitherto shared a different fa h -eil eoiicerned in the murder of a .viiite person, toe I*.esi eat goes on to jibiiit out the dau-ers to which the 1 tv Hi i!ie wiiiics. k 'Whore voii an case: d forfeit the jirolection of the , was given against the poor ludians, -d States: and that any citizen | i in* whole conduct of Georgia hi i relation to these people, since the ac- P anv *\ mil i . . lt> - ! par; jot vuur nation iihs gone, v m l have encouraged their friends t 00 i lo GiV> Z i m I M ) *> 1' A\I. v . . I :•* i) (».!.*> u; ENTS HI, « - 0*" (*, li I- i. r : r’-iT n .ip c o i n. f M mi. ifiC h i t y, \ru *v« m a i a r.\:: i 1' Si. i. t s:.c(-r y,v’ DO* .nr pars j and j bar- ; par- | a •: I ; tile i A'Z f ' d of t hr* ^ FOK 'IT IK CilKUOKEK FIlCLNiX. 1 h' following person* ar- nutb * ;, i • • • \ subscription - and pa meats f iii ok' e Phxuiv. MI’;:no a Wicr ? :c : . X .o-kef St. lb.»<lan. Ma*s. I.vo’-of. M. Tin v. . K. M. N v. Ym U v. A. I >. Knnv. ( i lKOI O I 1 \STC‘ (; s, Pul !.A U *v. Jci :> C * • B an < rt- i Win mm u K - >, Ch'irb ( )!. (» . no.- - O- i?j - ; »sv !! - • V- W < : !. • A 1 A!. ' *A ’ .1 e v . if m > M. : is, P;m ah M Mr. IbiLn. (?. (To o. (an iunorsm •i.t ,n. ) \ rsTii.. M h b*. Via. i la'gua. , N. V . i. ,. I to 1 be an l». Ya 'V. - hone that a remnant of the ahorh j of America might yet he saved, ! rescued from ignorance and bai ism. ’fiie ( herokee Indians, ! ticularly, have made rapid I vances in civilization. Under tiir i heuclicent policy which o ir g«>v- ‘ ctnmcnl has adopted toward them. ! they have exchanged a wand-n i g foi ! a stationary life; have su stituted a rriculture for the rjiase, and )•. vc a- dopted those modes of subsist ;i.*o which the example of the w!»ites i \j taught th'-m to prefer to their own lion Id forfeit the j I aitc ! of the United States committing ouciice within tile (^herokee tcii-»tr»ry, I i tajins arc expose,} by their proximi- j should ue punished as u the same had been committed “within the jurisdic tion of the .state, or district, to which he m :v belong, against a citizen thereof. By another frentv, in 179M, alter a further cession of territory!, the I niter! State's agreed to continue the guarantee ot the remainder *.f their ' est. and most sordid of the human pas paid |of your nation has gone, your fa- j country forkvkr. Subsequent trea- j sions, and sharpening still more the th.*. ;hio j.i.• v \.rA a countr) large e- • ^‘ t3 ' l!S iT*cently as 1819, expressly teeth of avarice, by providing for it? noag.h for all of von, and he advises j ro:, tirmed the old treaties. And yet j distribution by Ictiery. W ith mour you I » remove to it in that countiv \ ^ ie Secretary declare s that thes ‘ ! tains of geld set before their imagine yo.irj fatlier, the Urcsiileo!, now prom- ‘ U’oatirs merely confirm the right of; tioD', who can wonder that the vision rolect von, to feed vou, and j U£,n T I* U! and fix the limits of* of the people (with .some few honors* | - iys;lit; T : * you and my at i to » hear ox • <-'her to | niony aijd peace. \ our i Siiuyed ioiil many vour })fcopiewili ciJiiuien i ive m bar- j game is de- j riot \Vor.v ihj ireal n.l iiil the earth i i\ er ' V Iississij>pi Beyond j w here a j cession of tl G. M. Troup” to the chair of government, has been \ ioient and unmerciful in the extreme. The Arch-enemy himself could scarcely have hit upon a better plan for aehiev ingthe triumph, than the projector dividing the spoil individually among the people; thus appealing to the low- o to shield v.»;i from all » u roachmetUs. i hunting grounds; and that the j blc exceptions) was dead to the right.* Wdert? you n ».v I've, wmr uliite bro- ! { !, ‘ ? ' l d States have no power to inter- j and sufferings of the Indians;—tho* I, 1 mers ha All i |?ga. " t Manv c»f them are tin* ouihm'.s of he' s es, sbof cattle and goats. ( off m is cultivated among them to a consid erable' extent, and exnorted S»y some of them in boats to New-Orleans.— ui now .? a! claimed the land. , u Mv cbildmi, listen. My j ii.g Cl ddren in Alabama have ex- ! tended ihcis* hwv o\*cr vour country, j If ' oA rmnain in it \ ou must be sub* ■, j«*ct :lo their law.' 'flic letter of j r. pecretary Katon goes still fur- j tnerJ It uot o dy defends tin? claims d Gporgia to the Indi.Mi lauds, but ! white population, only remedy for the *• ! fere to ; revent their expulsion by the i they resisted the government of th* state. Our new* rulers have diseov- : United States, and did iS,eir part to^ ered that the Indians are too near the | warn? involving the country in all th-"* and that the I iiorrois of a civil war. Such conduc* evil is to drive • may suit the taste of some persons* them from the soil which has been sc- and they may cail it “wisdom in coun* cured to them ron.i \ i c, and o inpel j selling.and firmness incxecutinwj’Kbh^. them to a new territory under a new | to us it appears more like the craft of guarantee, which also to Jimi for- | a Maehi ivcl, and the laving of a rnadi <:?•(/*, and which will be broken as i man. soon as the oil on •red ; - ft? a ’.MUM C v k r it ion. \V i u i Viu “u i. .1 \ ll .o.k:; i sox H dl-'bide. A Cl, icrii: A w ot ih n cloths are manufae- . ib»*m: the mechanic arts liave j ioady iiitroiiuced to sonic* ex- i , ai.d tin* whole nation not only 1 snows marks of improvement and prosperity, hut proves conclusively u !i i has beretofore been doubted, that I expressly refuses outlie part of the »■ epin.Mii In inte.li.rc in bclialf of as 1,10 ,u ' cwiveniencc Ilia C'hcrokcrs. C.msi.iei in- Ihcm- I o( ,he "'“"l ,m '" »-««* ,ur il " f - seives rieit 1 .] liv (lie altcnMt to iv 3 ; '?- I.tiiier 'bese tiificrcnl trea- c\l>'btl (lie jurisdiction. t (iieoigia' over l li, '* l!ie Imllans have made rapid pro- Cherokees had ap- ! icral government for ! • fjli I their, lands, the jKHilcd to the assistance and protecti n. T’be re fusal ;of the government to comply with this request. is founded on the facts, that during tin* revolutionary war, tile ( hor-okees wete the allies of Great Hritajin, a power w hich claimed e n tire fjnven ignly within il*,e limits of! i gross tow ard cn ilizatien, and have escaped the annihilation which threat ened to exterminate their race. If they snoinit to ibis new outrage on then rights, they t cm * tnusi follow in tne lootsteps of their hietlu en; thcii confidence in the gaud faith and inleg- iity of our government being iltstroy- cd, everv incentive U> exertion will and they tuc unb; the i ^ FI *5 8 rinj tlt !i Coiin.tctio.il ? I THE INDIANS; ,I„. I,di .i.hiiiccu.rn.ay bo t^m.-.I j t|fe Ulil ^ 0 ,; a SbmV ili-it i ‘Jest t -<yool with it, H. » In, ion li.mscll c.vil.zcl and j , (| > 0 lma(v of ,- <8t , „ jfl ^ j ivili d. socml to the 1. c,u;/. o 'mi I p to the present tinu i ^ i * . ' • . . . 1 . - 1 1 j.m.u - n f ii,.,;,. n . ip u ;ii • r . r r i i sow veigtev Within those limits was ,a(C ' 111 a uniform system am policy and good ( , . *- , r . . t1j . , ihroid ond histnrv w ■ . . . Medc l to the United States; and that , , k n,h{ h!bl0,> . u mil .11 lie scattered V( to fiie talk ot ■ tiie 1 Ye ■si»i .'lit of the f nited State s > to hi S 1 'C(l chi ildrt n, and the add rcss of Mr. CL ret ary U; it on to the < hero ke e de! c -■ at i OH. nidi v* a ie a new sy stem of nit a su IT? • to •v a rds the iborigii ics of our co ’ll! try 1 , tliKl tl J) (.li v the reverse or th at wl del l has hi re- idore been pursued by our govern- nicnt. I nfotinnately for the savage, ‘u* has tver been the sulfercr, from the march of ci\ ilization. As tho white population increased in our country, tliat. of the Indians has clirniu- •shed; the tribes that t*nce iniiabited it’i has been preserved by our go- , ,, , . . ... i t i , v p I am ( herokee Jaials are within those them; a pohey » •• . . . , . 1 , • limits, and consequently w ere mclud- erl in the cession. r l lie occupation of the soil subsequently, by the ln- j tii.ms,. in the o})iuion of the Secretary, j furnii'a s proof of nothing more than ... ... ... . ; the permission of this government that do-1. I bis <*,sjms | t..m ^manifested j , !iev or<M1| , y ,| le U r. itorv; it is . i i net Ha circumstance whence now to ivitl. t!.c dilH'iTiit tribes; by die acts | ,, , 0 tll0St . stales the ex.-n-i.se of , , ;■( ( impress nppropnatinu mmucs for j .. ; | sov . r. i- .»tv ” p, m-tb in- the I " s 11 !lial t,!0 P«arant«e giver, their civilization; a.,,1 by the speech- j tl .g., ; P s w | lit .|, have at .iilibreiit times | " cs which have !»ecn made to them bv 1 , uncut towards \v!ii h had in view a sacred regard treaties, and on earnest and benevo lent wish to ameliorate the condition ot th? Indians, and to extend to them the comforts and blessings of civiliza tion. This disposition is manifestes bv treaties which have been made iii only record I of them that the Cherokees once ex isted. And yet we do not see how they can avoid submission. Persecu- tod ami liamissetl by (ioor-ia, mid | i,y: nil'll!,o Atlieni: denied the protection of* the general govt•rnnienl, they have r.o alternative: they must either > ield to the storm ami bend before the blast; or, if they dare oppose it, they must meet the destiny of the red man, and die. To different Presidents- Mr. Madison, in a talk to them in 1812, urged them to follow the example of the white people, and to adopt (heir mode of uk- In tins talk he these lands, and roamed in savage in- lainnig sumsmU.mc ... says, H have a lurther adwee to gave my red children. Y ou sec how ihq country of the eighteen fires is filled with people. They increase like the corn they put into the ground. They all have good houses to shelter them from all weathers, good clothus suita ble to all seasons; and as for foot!, of all sorts, you see they have enough and to spare. No man, woman or child, ever perishes with hunger. It is in your power to be like them. I lie ground that feeds one lodge by hunt ing, would feed a great band bv the plough and hoe. The Great Spirit has given you, like your white hrelh- i«i|H*ii;lencc through the forests, have ; gradually receded beioic the step of white man, or disappeared under •lie influence of his temptations, until scarcely a vestige remains, of the j : ''D'.hIj who were once lords of the j j ‘I* and exercised here the rights of j sovereign and independent nations.— I ie (li q>pcaranee of the hniiaus he- iore iP.e white population, although it aiav he considered as an acknowledg ment of the superiority of a civilized *° n savage life, was at an early peri- ! I viewed as a misfortune incident 1° the latter, and cHurts were made n ) our ancestors to arrest its progress, lll( l mitigate iis evils. Missionaries vcr(‘ sent among them, who should ,( Htch them the arts of civilized life, substitute the certainty of an agrieul- Ml nd, for 11ic hazardous and contingent success ot a predatory existence, and foiiit them the path to heaven. Trea- were made with them, which ar- uowleilged their right of soil; and ine territory which is now converted 110 !* ie abodes of civilization and re- Kecn ;mado w ith them, Mr. Union cou- 'sidoi s them ns securing to the Indians merely the riirbt of occupying th< 1 soil, whhdut confcriiig any right to tl'c ex- er^Sse of sovereignty . Tim hostility of Georgia is attributed to an attempt on tIii part of the ( herokees to oi- ganizi* a government of their ow n; and tiicy fire told bv way of consol.ition, that tills has been the cause why the state-of G(*orgia has departed from the / A’fiCttrancc w hicii she* has so long practised. The conclusion of this i letter, like that of the •'■talk,” i3, that the Indians must retire beyond the Mississippi, or be subject to the laws of the state. They are no longer to be protected as they have been; they must ‘abandon their homes, and their improvements, and settle in the land which has been provided for them, or they have nothing to hope for from them by the general government, is about to be withdrawn, and that .he faith of the l nited States, which has i cen pledged for their protection, is about to he placed with the thousand promises w hich have been made by the while men to the Indian, and made hut to deceive and betray him v Io his ruin. mi, good heads to conti it e, ..nd s y ug j ,j je government of the United States. arms and actne »oi ics, use t it m Wc deny the construction w hich Mr. like your brethren ot the eighteen fires, and like them your little sparks will grow into great fires. You will he well fed, dwell in good houses, and enjoy the happiness, for which you, like them, w ere created. „ These are the words of your father to his chil dren. The Great Spirit, who is the father of us all, approves them. Let -Raton! [Hits upon the treaties with the Cherokees. Instead of being confin ed to iji bare permission to occupy the soil, they expressly recognize the right of the Indians to the exercise of sov ereignty within the boundaries. 'The treaty of Hopewell, made in 1U8J, not only marked out the boundaries al lotted for the Indian hunting grounds, From t!a* N. Y . Journal of Cninntprcr. Tin; ciiuiioivKius. 1 Y\ hat has been the patience and forbearance of Georgia/ lias she not waited twenty-seven years for these tribes to remove, and evacuate a territory of which they are only ten ants at will?” This is a part of a pert little para graph which appears in a late num ber of the Georgia Athenian. We had said something of the con duct of Georgia in w resting from the defenceless Indians their lands, and particularly of its last act of injustice in seizing upon 1,167,360 acres of Cherokee territory, under pretexts which we now' venture to say will never bear the light:—a territory which, one year ago, no Georgian ever dreamed of, as belonging to the State: — a territory as truly and properly the Cherokees’ as any other which they possess:—a territory snatched a- li is in vain to plead precedent it? justification of sm h proceedings, un less tiie Georgians are prepared U defend the precedents themselves. > r l he Athenian asks, “what has bei omc ot the vast hordes oi Indian tribes which formerly inhabited the stale ef j -^ou ^ oik—what has bec ome of the j great tribes of the* Delawares, the j Iroquois, the Mohawks, the Oneidas. | the Dnondagns, the Cayugas, the j Senec as, and the Tuscaroros/” Sup pose we should answer, that they have been butchered, persecuted and op pressed by the white man, till the memory of (heir glory is written only in the monuments of pasf generations* ihat the conduct of the New Yorkers im\ iii»ls them miliels ovci!r>stuig dis* - race upon themselves and the eoitn-- ni therefore jus tify U f e same or similar conduct in the Georgians? Do they reek out the worst examples of their neighbors in the worst of timesj, as models for imitation, and neglect whatever I st noble or honorable oj- (Yee in their up stitutions and conduct? But we can assure the Athenian that, ne\ ei, since wc have been upon tiie stage, has any treatment been in flicted upon the Indians in New York; worthy of being compared, on the scoie of cruelty and injustice, with that of the Georgians towards the ( herokees. Never, during this peri od, has a tribe, however small or de graded, been depiived cf its lands, ex cept with their own approbation and consent. Here is the point. If the United States could by fair and hon est means persuade the Cherokees to remove beyond Ihe Mississippi, we would be the last to object: but when by a treaty anterior to the compact with Georgia for the purchase of their lands “as soon as it can be done peace- ahly and upon reasonable, terms,” the same government “solemnly guaran tied to the Cherokee nation all th'eir lands not yet ceded,” we arc yet to learn what is meant by the faith of treaties, if this engagement is to bo wantonly violated. The policy of Washington, Jeffer son and Madison, towards the Indians was humane and benevolent. Aware of the shocking injustice which mark ed the conduct of our forefathers in this respect, and desirous to make some compensation to the remnant that remained, they sought to induce them