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J’cT«9UO»^.
CHEROKEE FHCEB'IX, AJffD IjffDlAXS’ AB¥OCA TE*
PRINTED UNDER THE PATRONAGE, AN L) FOR THE HEINE FIT OF THE CHEROKEE NATIC 7, AJ
AND DEVOTE® TO THE CAUSE OF INDIANS..
— g!'L-!g
-K. HttUUlK O'l T, I.lliTcli,
k
VOD. II.
NEW EOHOTA, WEDNESDAY MARCH 10, im®.
JUTEIN® WKEKI.V J1Y
JNO. F. WHEELER,
fli At $2 50 if paid in advance, $3 in six
months, or #3 50 if paid at tire end of the
.year.
To subscribers Who can read only the
.Cherokee language the price will be $2,00
in advance, or #2,50 to be paid within tbe
year.
Every subscription will be considered a s
Continued unless subscribers give notice t o
•the contrary before the commencement of a
new year,and all arrearages paid.
Any person procuring six subscribers,
and becoming responsible for the payment,
-shall receive a seventh gratis.
Advertisements will be inserted at seven
ty-live cents per square for the first inser- |
lion, anf thirty-seven and a half cents for
each continuance; longer ones in propor
tion.
lt.3»All letters addressed to the Edit O/.
iposl paid, will receive due attention.
KTO.
thrown into a condition of dependence,
so as to be seen and felt, not only by
pose. No cireuDMlnnces can qualify | vengeanee, by telling her that her fall! other strange statements resr>< < ,mr
;ue^. r « b., „ j„,,v 'Upt ,or ,,IM * - ^
!ti C pirll’S°prt"X Europeans 1 * A '’"’ 11 il ,vooW ,le bosl fo1 ' '*11 ('lhou.uud i._oul, a fragment ‘of
me thrilled through the common pul
sntions of the nation; they tverp taken
under protection; their native and
prdper rights, as a distinct people, as
the prihieval tenants and original pro
prietors of the soil they occupied,
were recognized, by the most formal
& solemn instruments of international
negotiations. All the points at which and solemnly reported by a
their rights were exposed to invasion,
on account of their peculiar condition
find relation of dependence, were an
ticipated and guarded in the most sol-'
gave to them the rigid of possession!
And that Europeans have ever recog
nized this right! Monstrous!—In
sulting!—“Tell it not in Gath.”—
Publish it not to the world—that siu h
an argument was gravely made out
commit
tee, to a legislative assembly of this
confederate Republic, and by that as
sembly approved and adopted, for the
implied—nay—for the express pur-
tlmisand of them. If it
Admit that it would he best for all ! ^! 1, ct ‘ thousand is only a fragment
the Indians to go beyond the last cab- j 1 le U it is so, they are much
in of the while man, if themselves j ,horu ^‘'miduhle people than we l/ad
are willing. Am! even that is a ques- \ S!l l J l )t,st( l- 1 here might be sown?
lion not easily sett lod-and which has! ; ‘‘ lU3e _°f a latni, perhaps, among the
I Georgians. The writer docs not tell
us what his source of information is.
As, however, he says, the remark of
'Viliam Penn that 'a majority of the
I Lherokees can read their native Ian*
gunge, ‘cannot be true,’we must sup-
lion, and thirty-seven and a half cents for ; emn manner. _ Our own Government, j pose of an apology for
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VJl R DO.T^diPcSJA.
AGENTS FOR THE CHEROKEE
PIKENIX.
as a party in these negotiations, fore-1 Indians by force 'from their rightful I '’J’JT'h . '
seeing that power would he on one | territories. 1 m you sl.an l do that—y
side, and that occasions of injustice
and oppression might naturally arise
—seem to have been unwilling to
trust themselves, or their successors,
or the nation—without setting up the . .
most effectual harriers at all points | 0 f>«ni°n and \°ice of this nation must
for the future protection and defence j ,inf J Vt, 'dab|y approach this question,
of Indian rights. So far, therforO, as i set ll . <0lcVe !' fi ! rst ’ in :1 VCI 7
the earliest, a continued & almost un- , .°‘ l I ,C, ; |<H ' : '"" hether the
interrupted negotiations by formal and u f. n! ^ lon ’ once—so long
and m so many solenv. forms
Pho time has come, tiic crisis has
I arrived, when the fate of the Indians
within I lie boundaries of the United
States is to he decided. The public
solemn international treaties may go
—the rights of the aborigines of this
country, in and over the territories
defined to them, and in all respects,
have been fully acknowledged ami
well defended.
But, as was anticipated —or at
least apprehended—the unexampled
never been decided in the affirmative,
except by those, who, coveting their
land's, have resolved they shall go.- 4
But so long as they are unwilling, it
can never he best, either h r them or
loi ns. 'Phe moment you interfere;
with the natural rights of man, and:
with his acknowledged civil right::, & j
^ ou shall do this, I
_ c u lay a con- j
slraint F upon Ids nature, which lie;
will not endure, and for exemption J
from which, rivers of blood have been i
shed. It is with us a famed, a ven
erable, and sacred declaration—and |
on account of the • irenmstanees un- j
dor which i! w • - ii, t an! solemnly'
inode and pubiishoa to the world, it is
far-l\
pose he had good data before him,
when he made the statement. Ac
cording to documents published by
order of the War Department, in
1870', the number of Chcrokces irf
Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee*
w as then mne thousand. The state
ments of \\ il J ia in Penn
the Chen 1
The following persons are authorized to .... , . >
receive subscriptions and payments for the prosperity.of this nation, the rapid jn-
Cliorokee Phoenix. . crease of population, spreading out
Messrs. Peirce &. Williams, No. 20 their tents over the unoccupied terri-
Market St. Boston, Mass. lorio.-—the growing and almost over-
C ( F' TNew’ York*’ ^ A ‘ B ' j " helming spirit of enterprise, which
Kcv. A. D.'eddy, Canandaigua, N. Y. j allows itself to he impeded by no pliy-
Thomas Hastings, Utica, N. Y. sical barrier—the all-absorbing cu-
Poli.ard &. Converse, Richmond, Va. pidity of lands and of wealth, tlie eol-
;Hev. James Campbell, Beaufort, S. C. Jision of individual and sectional inter-
s Mohltu,e llE,D > Chai ' leston ’ : ests-ond other causes akin to these,
’ Co!. George Smith, Statesville, W. T. I an ^ aclin S in conjunnlion with them
.Teef.miaii Austil, Mobile, Ala. j —have been gradually ami indirectly.
Rev. Cyrus Kingsbury, Mayhew, Choc- j though not less certainly, operating,
taw Nation. jin their groat public relations and in-
■ flucnccs, to swallow up and over
whelm (lie territories and rights of the
; Indians. Not only have individual
j persons, and associations, and corpo
rations, practised on tbe simplicity
and ignorance of (lie natives; over-
Caut. William Robeiitson, Augusta,
Georgia.
>-Coi. James Turk, Bellefonte, Ala.
IMBJAI'IS.
faith of: n JoMamod dec. I nr.1 (i - v,:— ■ That all
time i men are created'WjiKii: that they at e
—pledge ' PRilowcd by tlieir <Jre 7 ■ with cer-
cdtothe Indians, shall he maintained tain unalienable rights--among which
inviolate—or whether they shall he life, lihci ty, and the pursuit of
abandoned to the mercy of^those, who ; happiness.” 0 that the principles-
have already sold tlieir rights for mo-! h ( 'ly and sacred principles. i»-
ney and decreed them outlaws?—Yi s V °‘ V0( ' this declaration, might
—outlaw—unless they set their < 0 'K'h mid tlirill oxuiy pulsation of the
mouths forever to the tory of their j '‘hildren of those who made it. when
wrongs, and fly away to unknown and i ( ' u 7 come to deride on the destiny of
unexplored regions. A public le^is-. Indians, as soon as lhcy must.’ Is
lalive enactment of one of the States I a Ri' i'D mockery, or not,
of this Union, has already passed sen-! declaration is publicly renewed and
tence on one of the most respectable j Copied as a solemn covenant once a
of the Indian nations—decreeing—j year by this nation, throughout
that “all laws, usages, and Customs j <heir tribes.—on the 4th of July ?
made, established and in force by the
said Indians”—that is, within the
ographical limits of that Sta'e, shall
referred Id
•i's in these limits, or ratlw
or to the live thousand Cherokers in
Georgia. '1 he slatemeuts of the
wilier in the Review must relate,
then, to the same. But ifwe include
the six thousand C'herokees in Allan*
sas Territory it e dl make only fif
teen thousand of (Ik whole race If
they now number sixty thousand, the
rate of increase since *1826. is m-,r-x-
inipled. Have not only
I’ei.n, and Mr M Coy, and ail the
missionaries joined to' deceive us—
hut has the Wat Department ’—ha si
(lie General Government, joined in
.. the doeeption? Justice to the cause
that this ' !' -\* ;ss:ol!S -. erhaps,requires an exam- t
ination o! some of the other state-
I merits pi'this writer, in his last nuin*
j,II j [ Jei •—But the documents called for
! in the Senate, will soon be tmule puh»
and they will settle the dispute
lie
1 N°i you cannot force the Indian to [about the Cherokee oi\ilizat ioi
quit the inheritance of his fathers,!
reaching them, and bargaining from
An Address by tin* Rnv. Calvin C i lto.v
before the I,yc,entn. Amherst, Mass^--
delivered Jan. 5, 1330.
[Continued.] , . ,
Prom all the slate payers and pub- [’ lcc * b ? piece, Ihe.r lillle remaining
Jic docuraews, on Indian Affairs, the' terrltorse.;—but, I am mart,hod. I
following things are evident.
them by the most unfair means and
lor most unworthy considerations,
grieve to say, that, iu some instances,
our state and national authorities have
1. File proper national character of sacrificed their dignity to avarice.
Jhft Indians bus boon trout iho bogin (Jitiir Loiiui m cupidity. Oy cuiinivnig
ping and uniformly recognized, in all a t and creating facilities for these ve-
our public negotiations with them. i ry operations; and themselves have
2. Tlieir origins, right in the soil become parties in bargains which con-
i(C ] a , dad a id tenanted by them, template thief ultimate displacement
lias olso been uniformly recognized, and entire removal of the Indians^from
By the same authorities. 1 all their territories on this side of the
3. These negotiations between our I Mississippi. And the infatuation of
Government and the Indians appear to lust—lust of wealth and power, I
li ve been, and no doubt were, sin- mean—lust ofterritory,suehasin sa-
cere, in all good faith;—and that too . ered history coveted Naboth’s vine-
aceordin®' to the common understand-j yard—this soecies of infatuation has
ina of international correspondence, eo strangely & to such an extent poss-
4. Inasmuch as reports had been essed the minds^f interested persons
circulated to the disquietude of the and interested authorities—that it has
Indians that lb£ United States, in been gravely and solemnly declared,
these negotiations, were only acting: in parlimentary assembly, that the
the part bf a mother quieting and luil-j/ow, which shall expo) the Indians
in«- her child with false promises—re- from their present possessions, if ne-
pewed negotiations have been entered : cessary to be employed, becomes
into expressly to allay these anxieties, i right. Force gives right!-and in bucIi
pnd to give the most solemn assu
rances of the good faith ol the na
tion.
5. AH our public parliamentary and
judicial constructions of these nego
tiations, accord only with the suppo
sition of their solemn and binding char
acter. . , . i
6. These negotiations, by any fair
an application! Who had been will
ing to live, and he obliged to hear
with patience such a declaration—
that force gives right, a declaration
coining but from a legislative hall,
and reporting itsel! through the galle
ries made by these heavens!—tl'csc
heavens, which once looked down up-
^ _ 0:1a mighty, bloody, and lonsr pro-
construction, secure to the Indians all 1 traded conflict, scattering: its desola-
thnt lhcy ask;—although justice, and i lions over these sacred plains, that it
a generosity in us towards them equal j might redeem them forever from the
to that which they have shown to ns pollutions and blighting curse of such
would allow them greatly—vastly in j a sentiment in power. Force gives
excess of these stipulations. right!—lam not hound to give the
So much for the fair and honorable J argument, or to state the pretended
course pursued by our Government qualifying circumstances, i
and this nation, in relation to the In-; which this declaration was
dians. The moment thqy were t long as it* was rnadte for such a pur-jeats^ or strive 10 atone her sleeping
he null and void on and after the first
Juno 1830;—and that “no Indians, or
descendant of Indian—shall bn a com
petent witness, or a parly to any suit,
in any court created by the constitu
tion or laws of the state.” Not only
stripped of tlieir own laws, but
thrown out from the protection of all
•a\VS'—may not be a party to a suit in
any couit—not even a witness!—ex
cept in such cases as the Court in
their graciousness will allow.
Well may the world inquire the
occasion ol this outrage. A-d what
is the answer?—Why this •* *“
The General Government for a con
sideration already realized, have cov
enanted with this stall' government,
it,oi will him nut tlie Indians
within their hounds, as soon aa they
ran, and convey their lands to the
slate But the Indians, the third
party, refusing to sell, as they have
the undoubted right,-are now to he
forced by such means. And the pres
ent postui e of our national authori
ties, in relation to this affair too plain
ly indicates a disposition to allow, v.nd
the stalo concerned are manifestly
ready to execute this forcible eject
ment. In other words—tire faith of
the nation is to be broken, and the In
dians are to lie sacrificed. And on
this single altar; simultaneously will
bleed and burn the hopes of every In
dians within the boundaries of the U-
nited States—all his hopes, which
make life dear and precious—unless a
public sentiment can he roused and
organized throughout the nation, that
shall roll hack this tide of ruin, which
at this moment threatens to sweep
from the land the habitation and the
name of Indians. j
Let not our judgment, or the In
dian’s heart, he insulted ny the plea
that the course diet at ed by this policy
will he hotter for the Indian. Tliis
argument the Indian will consider at
his own leisure. He has already con
sidered it, and come to ins conclu
sion. And it is remarkable, that
those only, who covet 1)13 land are u-
nited in this advice. But justice goes
before counsel. And shall advice
in view of I come trampling over her, and effect
mode soi to whisper words of consolation in her
and nuke him happy. You cannot do
it. and not he guilty of a violnlidii ail
right, which would he the political j
Connecticut Observer
damnation of any peoplo. The thing
! proposed, if executed by force, is the
utmost,--the very last prerogative of
oppression: to expatriate a mail—to
I banish, to drive him forever from his
] home, and that too without even a
; pretext of offence. ’I hat power
i which takes lift*, so far as t he puisent
stale is concerned, brings the injury
of its hand to a consuminationHinishcs
H»w to treat with the Indians Thr
n
them. But eject a mail foreyei'.XtiM? [ i v o\
njui-'liHllVydu 'doom him to a sense of be
forget---
injury, which lie can never
which Ilea veil will remember to re
quite.
•The plan actually proposed for the re- | ncn ’
following is from Hie instructions of
the Secretary of War, to the secret
pgents appointed to persuade the
Southern Indions to remove beyond
the Mississippi. We are often'told
that the Indions are anxious to ic»
move, hut are prevented I»v their
Kiel's. Can any one after reading
these instructions, think the Secret id-
ry ol War believes, .tv, 0 ui ’ a 'general
o'uiieil?’ The chiefs, however, may
bribed—and then the way to the
West will be open to the Indians*
So if Great Britain could have.bribed
Washington, and Jefferson, and Ad
ams, and ollicrs of our ‘influential
she might have contrived to
moval, location, and subsequent treatment
of the Indians, so iiu* as it Ian! been dis
closed by its authors, can be accounted for
only by t lie desperate necessity of devising
and specify ing something to meet the exi
gency. The present condition and rcla-
tions'ofthe Indians arc sufficiently embar
rassing and anomalous—without precedent,
or law—except the latv of treaty, which on
all hands is allowed to be supreme. But
remove them, under the proposed project,
ind there is nothing Utopian vision, hut j
would be sobriety in comparison. It would
be a furious launching forth into the ocean
ecp this count ry in subjection a lit
tle lunger. But our‘influential men’
were above such pull ry considerations
—and we hope those of tlie Southern,
Indians will he.— Conn. Ohs.
“Nothing is more certain than that
if the chiefs, and influential men
could I/O brought into tlie measure,
the rest would implicitly follow,
It becomes therefore, a matter of
necessity, iftlio General Goveriinieijjf
of experiment, of uncertainty, uttc.ily be-j would benefit these people, that it
yond sight and remembrance of law and nluvc upon them ill line of their owit
precedent'-—an enterprise, fronted with the | . )r( ,j, u ] i( . cs; ond, by the adoption of
darkest and most ominous presages, so lar * J .. 7 - . , . 1
hi* i i .... . : :»nv nrnnnr hibhiiq. hrpnlr Inn
as the well-being, and even the existence
oi’ilie Indians is concerned.
[To BE CONTINUE D-1
Chcrokces.—The last Cherokee
Phi.cnix contains the memorial of the
Chcrokces to Congress, pray mg for
protection in lhoir rights, against the
encroachments of Georgia. The
memorial was written in Cherokee.
It lias already been signed by three
thousand Chcrokces, and senl on to
my proper means, break tlie power
that is warring against tlieir host in
terests. The question is how can
ibis he done? Not, it s believed^
for the reasonsjsuggcsted by the means
of a general council. There they
; would be awakened to all tlw Jintimidk
i iitioos liich those who are opposed to
j tlieir jq liange of country might
throw out; and the consequence-
j would he—that it has been—a firm
; refusal to acquiesce. The best resort
is ho'i'.ved to be that which is cm*
Washington. It is still circulating 111 [br eed in appeals to the chiefs and
the nation. The editor of the Pluc- illfllII , llliaI f , ne n_ m ,< together, but a-
m>; says, this affords ‘a most positive t (U (lldr 0 „ n , (0Wscs; c aml by 0 pr0 p.
and practical answer,’ to the asser
tions of Col. M’Kenney, that there is
a disposition among the Chcrokces to
remove.
er exposition of tlieir real condition,
rouse them to think upon that; whilst
offers to than of extensive reservations in
fee simple, and other rewards, would,
Some of our readers may think that it is hoped, result in obtaining their
th' cc thousand is only a small part of the acquiescence. This had. tlieir peo*
Cherokee nation. A writer in the pie, as .* body, it is believed, woul^.
Iasi jSeiy-England Review’, among I gladly ga.” *
i 1:
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