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||naH p aiHWßißr0 9flUVi«atj.^****•» jMnm.Tir^rzemufc iiVh i. PRINTED \NI) PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM .1. DUNCE. , Conditions, ore. xy Kor lh<i Cl TV PAPEK. tw‘M « *'-»« Dollurs per annum. p.yM* >“ *' i " u,ce - , _ k „ „ !r*r C Ju'N TltY HAHKK, one* a week, Tbree Dollurtper ~,„K r diiconlinnnd till dire.diont to that effect are given Tud eiuireerege- I*AIU. . TKlOl*.. .. Kive Dollar, per annum payable in advance .I, V K KTIS KM K M'S .... \V illbe in ,-rte ■! »1 the rate o 1 *oi«i*-tw»i»nd 1 naif rent*. per eqintre, for tin 1 nr*' iniertwu i V .rlv llire.' mi l tnree ~,i:,nerce„n, Inr cnch continual,,.' CtjMM Ml \TIONS lie Mail, musl/je I‘uH pant. snlea ol land nnd negniea. by Aiiiinnutralori, Kieculora Mr finar.linns. are required, ny law, to (-*■ Held .... the (.rat Vue - <IIV 1,1 the inonlli. the hour, ul e-n ... the lore..non and itienflerif'ioM, ~t the if the sou , ljr in Whirl, the it..)■«• y i,. •itimie.—No.ine ol .hear '■ a muat b.• given in a public gazette SIXTY rlaya pravioul to the .lay ol sain. fjiticn of the sain Os personal property mult be givan in like man nur, KOKTY days previous to the day ol sain. Nolie** in the debtors and c. re d t torso f rd estate must be published for KOUTV days. Noiiee tliht application will be made to the Court of Ordinary fm | n .,ve t<> sell land, rn -st ■ « published for Ml V K *IUV I H*. UfturvaV VlttW’d .Me,mows. Os the Campaign of the Norik Western J Army, in the yeim 1812. A Idresnal to the people of the (jiiileil Slates. No. X. In Inuring in April, 1812, to take the comm.«ml of the forces, assem hled in the state of Ohio, I felt ave-y deep interest in the object of mv mission. Hie consideration that Iwis clothed with the authority, ami furnished with the means o' aftVding safety and security to the Iron-I tier in iabltanls of the country ; and parti cuiarlv to those of the territory of Michi-j gin, of which I was governor, was south i*,,,* f„ u\v feelings, and animating to my ex ertions ” Although about thirty years had then elapsed, since my sword had lanl use less in its scabbard, and time had necessa rily enfeebled my strength and constitu tion, yet it was impossible for me to see a country, in which, from my situation, I was go parti ularly interested, exposed to the fury of the savages, without raising an arm] for its safety. Convinced that the forces entrusted to my commmd were sufficient for Iho protection of the frontier settle ments, ami the security of the territory while we wore at peace with Great llritain ; ami knowing that 1 had communicated what measures in my opinion, would be indis pensably necessary in the event of war, which communications had been received as official documents, and approved by the government, and feeling a generous confi dence in the justice ami honor of the ad ministration. I had little anxiety with res pect to anv consequences which might have j attended mv co mniiiid. | If it were to be my fortune to protect the, defenceless inhabitants ot our country, a giiost the cruelly of savages, and prosperi ty was to atten 1 the exertions of the army, the satisfaction 01 inving' promoted the cause of humanity, would hu've been an am ple reward. But if, aftt*t* honestly dis charging mv duty, iiv .M’ b 'st. manner 1 was capable, misfnrlu ie to be mv lot, I be lieved that a generous 'government, and a generous people would at least have shield ed me from ceilin'and reproach. At that time, indeed, I considered there was little nr no hazard. It was a time of peace, with England, and while that remained, there was no danger excepting from the savages. Some excitement then existed, througu the influence of the British Agents, in prep.ir-j ing them for events which they anticipated might take place. In tlie event of war I considered that such arrangements would have been made, as would have enabled the army I com manded to have operated with success a gainst the enemy. As the. government continued me in the command <>l the north western army, after the declaration of war, 1 had a right to believe, that such measures would have been adopted, as I had stated, were deemed by me, essential to success. The measures to which 1 alluded in the e vent of war, 1 have mentioned were a navy on lake Erie, sufficient to pieserve th it com munication, and an army of sufficient strength, in co-operation with the one 1 commanded, to make a conquest ot Upper Canada. In ail these com.minications, 1 gave it as my opinion, that, unless we had the benefit of this co-operation, the posts of Detroit, Michilimackiuack, and Chicago, would inevitably fall into the hands ot the enemy. flow I was disappointed in my expecta tions ; how I was deceived by the govern ment ; how, after the declaration ot war, I was ordered into a situation, which it was impossible for me to sustain, and from which there was no retreat ; how the officers of the administration shamefully neglected to redeem the pledge they had given me ; and how General Dearborn the senior officer of the army, and aftorwards the President of the Court Martial, neglected every duty, incident to his command, and adopted mea sures, which proved the inevitable destruc tion T the armv I commanded, will be the subjects of my future numbers. Before, however, 1 close this, I will make one fu ther observation, ft, after the de claration of war, the President and other officers of the administration, who directed the military operations, had coMiged their opinions, and believed that twelve hundred Daio militia, and three hundred regular troops, were sufficient without any naval force, to have taken possession of lake E; ie, and without any reinforcements, and with out any other army, with which they might have co-operated, to h ive invaded and con quered the province of Upper Canada, they ,ought to have appointed an officer to that command, of the same opinions, and not to have made one responsible, who had re peatedly. decidedly, and in an official man ner, declaied, that in the event of war, without the command of the lake, and with out a powerful army for co-operation, the most disastrous consequences would inevi tably follow. I'hat these consequences did follow, in the manner i had predicted, is well known, and that under the circumstances, it was not possible for me to have prevented them ; and that they were occasioned by the ne glect of the government, and the miscon duct of Geneial Dearborn will appear man ifest, from the future statements I shall make, and the documents and other evi dence 1 shall produce. By the documents and evidence which have already been shown, the objects of the government in detaching the forces entrust ed to my command, must be distinctly un dcrMood. I have produced my communi cations to the government explanatory of my own views : and 1 likewise have exhib ited the Message of the President, who was at the head of the administration, to prove the views of the government. In my com munications, both before and after I was! appointed, and accepted the command of the-e forces, 1 stated distinctly my views, | that in time of peace with Great Britain, the i forces were competent to die protection of, the frontiers of our country against the sava ges ; but in the event of war without the co operation of a naval force on Lake Erie, and without the. co-operation of an army from 1 Niagara, they were not competent to the in vasion of Canada, and not adequate to the protection of that part of our territory. And it further appears, by the Piesident’s Message, that the forces were sent to D-- troit with a view to the security of the Mi chigan territory against the Indians in tinuM of peace, and in the event of war to inter , cept Inc h stile influence of the British over ] the savages ; to obtain the comma id of the plake on which that part of Canada borders ; [land to co-operate with other forces in tnat .quarter. ,1 Upper Canada borders on Lake Erie and .'the navigable lakes and rivers more than [Tour hundred miles, and, on what grounds . th- expectation of the administration were i j founded, that with the forces 1 commanded I ’ should be able‘to take the command of the] . lake, when commanded by a strong naval force of the enemy ; and without any co op . erati-m of any other forces, from any quarter, . are questions which will be hereafter con , sidered. This subject I wish distinctly to jbe understood, and I must be excused if I , j make use of repetition, in the explanation of it. I have offered these documents to shew ♦he grounds 1 had to expect the co-operation , of other forces ; and, that the administration 1 !became convinced that a naval force was ne j .jeessary, and one was immediately ordered,! i as soon as it was found that the possession of the lake could not be obtained by the mil-] i ilia under mv command. By lessons of experience, since that peri-j ; ml, we have been taught how important the i command of those waters are to successlul , operations against the country. ( General II rrison, with a force vastly su per! ir to th one 1 commanded, was not able, -'after more than a year, to approach within jfif'y miles of Malden, with the assistance ol a large force at Niagara to co-operate with j him ; and was not able to make any impress j lion on the country, until alter the command | of the lake was obtained, by Commodore Perry’s glorious naval victory. As so mas that was obtained, the enemy immediately abandoned Malden, and the army took pos session of the country. '1 he territory situa ted on these navigable waters is so insulated, that, the power which commands them will necessarily command the country. From the. National Intelligencer. JOHN PAUL JONES. The original letter, of which the following is a copy, was written by the celebrated] , Commodore John Paul J -ties, to the Ameri can General, the Marquis de La Fayette, then to France, a short time after the m-m ! ' orahle engagement between the Bon H-un j me Richard and the Serapis.offFlanboroughj [ Ih-ad on the night of the 2,1 d of Septe über.i ,1779. It was written bv him, who, about !the same time was denounced, in the re jclam itioti of Sir Jos-ph Yorke, the English [ Minister at the Hague, as a “ Pirate ” and a, . “ ItebeU ’ J .. On board th* Hr*n Humm* Richard’s the Ship of I VV i.r Strap s. «t th** Trxll. Iclober JH, 177vL >■ «• A thousand thanks to my loved and no i [ hie friend for the very kind and affectionate] 1 letter he did me the honour of writing to me< 1 from tlie Havre, and which greatly rewards > me for the dangers which I have overcome. I Words are wanting to express how much I ■jesteem, how hig'dv I value, and how much - I wish to me, it thv friendship and affection of the American General 1c Marquis de La ■' Fayette. “ I a n very much concerned and ashamed I to understand that my ‘numbers.' which you received Ir-on L’Diienr, were s > illy I composed. It is a p oof that then Lady shtps the Mu-es however coiide-cendi g 1 they may he on the bt- ks of the Hellicon, a will nut dispense their favors to the sons ’;of Neptune, especially while they are i n,. ti.tnii.lin? hitlo-v', nn-1 r-H.- «l(««t- Ihr. * At, ni.ii- loss'U in i--r, or sunk In -..tnfft Mow. "I “In truth my dear Gene*nl lam almost as sorry that you have not been aide to tin :,cler>4tantl inymeaning, asifl had been ad dressing myself to —a fair lady. The en closed key will however, unlock the past difficulty, and enable you fully to under stand. I will send you very soon, a little; wmk, which shall be better finished than that from L’Drient; and, in the mean time, a machine, to which the present key is adap ted, is forwarded through the hands of Dr. Bancroft, in case you should have spoiled or thrown away the one formerly sent. “The late brutalities of the Britons, in America, tills me with horror and indigna tion. They forget that they are men ; and, I believe nothing will bring them to their senses but the most exemplary retaliation. “ Landais is ordered to Paris, to answer for his past conduct. “ I wish to answer very particularly, the three points which you have propounded : “ Ist. 1 never meant to ask a reward for my services, either from France or Auieri ca ; consequently, the appro tation of the Court and of the Congress, is all, the grati fication I can wish for. “ 2d. t yet intend to undertake whatever the utmost exertion of my abilities will reach iif support of the common cause, is far as any fmce that shall in future bo entrusted to my direction may enable me to succeed. (I hope, however, my future hope will be I better composed than when L sailed from' IL’Orient.) 1 must sail from the IVxel in the course of next month, because ships can-1 I not afterwards remain in this road. My 1 destination, or route from hence, 1 yet know! not, but I need not tell you that 1 wish to see your face. “ 3d. It is now in vain to say what might have been dqpe two years ago, with the force j you mention; but, I belt ve, if properly ! supported at sea, such a force might yet per ' form very essential service. I'h'ne is no; guarding, you know, against storms, a id ] lone would widi either to avoid or to out-s 1 a superior sea force. As 1 Relieve you know mv way of think g upon such suhjei ts, I shall tWer-you no a.gument. 1 koo.v you want no prompter. " I beg Captain R oot’s paid »n, for having said, in the extract ol my Journal, tha , in the engagement with the Set - pis, he prev nted |my officers and me in the pilot bo it, from coming tomv assist..n e. I now find tha* this did not happen till the pi >»t boai had re turned to the Vengeance, about the middle {of the action. without having h tarried the | Bon Hotrjme Richard, uccordmg to Capt. ■ Ricol’s orders. I was a littie vexed, too, that Captain Ricot did not come on b rd the I Bon Homme Richard, the next da. to offer me his assistance, when 1 was in the greatest• imaginable distress, and the signal was fly-) ing. But these are trill s. —A d I am nucu I more obliged to him for not firing, than to Landais for killing my men and sink! g my ship. Upon the whole, Capt. Ricot h .s acted !as became a sensible, prudent officer, and {is a man with whom I wis i to be furtber connected. At L 'ith, he was d ,-'i ie.l to icovcr the descent,and lam lully convinced (that he wotdd have executed ii with great (honor to htm-elf, had not the gale ol wind, in the critical moment, rendered the design impracticable. 1 shall correct the error, in my letter to the Minister, and do his char acter justice, 1 have a very rood opinion, also, of the abilities of Cant iin Cotiiuneau, and I wish to b- concerned with them bo'lt in future with better ships. But 1 must speak plainly my opinion since y >u desire, lit. Ido not think that the detiie of -lory I was the uppei most sentiment in the breast of any Captain under my command, at the time we left L’Orient. “ I shall ever be proud to merit the just title of, my dear Marquis, your very affix tionate and faithful friend an I servant, 3. PAUL JOVKS.” 1 remember to have received such a letter. LA FAYE 1’ IE. February, 1825. A letter lately received from Paris gives an account of the execution of a parrot in | Italv, by order of the confessor of its mis-1 tress, f.r mingling curses with prayer. This is not the first parrot that has had the mis fortune to be treated as a human being.! jShortly after the fail of Bonaparte, the im iperial Austrian commission of Lombardy! Icondemned to death a parrot that, on see ing the military governor ol Milan pass, had (the temerity to cry Viva Napoleons! Thei judges condemned Inin to the punishment, established bv the laws against the incitors iof rebellion! Kistoiy also recounts the j melancholy fate of two parrots belong-1 .{ing to Maria Anna of Bavaria, Queen of Spain, whose necks Charles the Second, I her husband, caused to be twisted off, be cause thev spoke the language of a nation he I abhorred 1 know not whether at present J Ferdinand VII. treats parrots with more humanity which know French. This, how lever, I know perfectly well, that he ha* no J mercy upon men who speak Spanish. I'i News of Literature. —— { \ chemical process has lately bgen dis 'cov med, bv which Hit’s lard can be con ' vtrted into an article f.r dipping and moul d tig candles, sup-iior to Russian tdlow.— "'When prepared according to this plan, it is 1 white like wax or sperma- eti. I'he candles : made of it b um with superior light, nse.m 'iblin,r a flame of tl.e purest gas. I hey are {altogether v-.id f be offi-o«ive. snuM and {,,-rea-v touch ol o’-h'T ca nil's, and whe. ing in th» d-sest apartment, have no . smell and emit no smoke. I 1 Two days later from Liverpool. Charleston, March 31. By the ship Lancaster, arrived at Phila- I delphia, accounts from Liverpool to the 19th February, inclusive, have been received. , There is no political news. The following . are extracts of letters received in this city. , Liverpool, Feh. 19, 1825. The demand fur Cotton since our last has been extremely animated, and Speculators - as well as the Trade have bought treely at the following advance, viz: Pernams |d a > Id.: Maraiihams and Bahias $d a |d.; Boweds, N. Orleans, Alabamas, and Ten nessees, jd a|d ; Sea Islands, Id a l*d; and Egyptian id per lb. In East India Cot ; ton no alteration. The public sales of Dcme rara yesterday, went iff with spirit at high prices, and holders of all descriptions are ■ -anguine of further improvement. The i total sales amount to packages, viz. 1 i 955 Boweds 8$ d a 12d, viz. 20 at 8 3 4, !13 a9d 168 a 9|d, 141 a 9fd. 320 a9»d, 50 i 9£d, 689 a lOd 112 a 10 1 Bd, 755 a! Uifl, 213 a 10fd. 1619 a 8 (9 a 10Jd, 1118 a 10? I, a 125 lOJd, 1333 a lid, [557 a 1i;d,641a I Ijd 444a HR 1324a 111ß 217 a 1 ijd, 523 a ll|d, 80 a 11 Jd, an I 694 12d. I I 2 >SB Orleans 10>d a Ifjjd, viz. 40 a lOJd.j 40 a 10id 20a 10J 1,48 a 11 Jd. 124a 1 Ijd, ■ 306 a 113 d, 50 aII Jd, 165 a 11 id, 226 a 12d, 244 a 12jd, 50 a I2*d, 584 a lißi j 107 a 12|d, 145 a 13d, 847 a 13id, and 62 la 13‘jil. I 1243 Tennessee and Alabamas 10|d all I - 2d. viz 50 a lOjd, 70 a 10Jd, 50 a loid, 120 a lOJ 1,93 a lid, 50 a 11 |«l, 470 all?d, land 340 a I lsd. 648 Sea Islands 20d, a 2s 3d, viz. 167 a 20d, 25 a SOjd, 54 a 21d, 20 a 2IR 75 a 22d, 37 a 82R106 a 22|d, 74 a 23d, 10 a 2s, 30 a 2s Id, and 50 a 2s, 3d. 198 Stained do, lid a 1 id, viz. 10a lid, 16. i 13 a 13d, 10 a and 49 a 15d. 3>75 Egyptian. 1 l|d, a 13d, viz. 658 a II Id, 931 a 12d, 654 a 121(1, 20 a 12Jd, 690 a 12j I, 56 a 1 :|d and 366 a 13d, 370' , 6 packages by private ; &by auction, 457 D -merar's 12|d a 15R 112 Bowed Sei Islands 15d. a 17|d. 43 stained d . I9*d a 12|d. 0 St. An Ireas lOd a I Old. ’ 37r38. j Cotton, per lb. Georgia Bowed, very ordi jnaev t« fair, 9|- a llj I ; good fair to prime jll| a 1| ; Tennessee and Alabama 10| a Hj, VI i'>ile Hal; New-Oleans very rd. fair, Hal; good fair to good l£ a 1 I . very good t> prime, 1 lj a 12, Sea Is! - iml, ord. and tamed, 9| a 16; mid. and fair 17 a I 10; good fair to very 1 H a 2 4. Tobacco. —Since last week about 2000 h’ di. have changed ha uls at an advance of |d. a J-d. per lb. on all sorts. The specula tive demand for Turpentine has continued, and nearly 4000 barrels have been sold at 1 Is. 7jd. a 12s 6d. whi h establishes a farth er advance in this article. Nothing done in Tor of any description, but prices steady. The Grain Market is dull, and Wheat at a decline of 2d. a 3d. per bushel American Flour goes offin small parcels at our quota tions 24 a 26. The transactions in British Plantatio Su gar this week have been considerably aug mented by the purchases made, on Irish and Scotch ac< omit, and as the demand has been principally confined to low qualities, an ad vanoeofls and in some instances I*. 6(1 has been realized : the better descriptions, however, have been less inquired after, but the prices obtained are without alteration. The total sales nearly amount to 1500 hhds. In East India nothing of moment has taken place; but for Foreign there has been a pret ty extensive request, although the business {done only consists of 100 chests of middling soft white Bahia at 31s 6d. The public sales ‘, 0 f Coffee this w-ek have been unusually ex | tensive, amounting together to 300 tcs. Ja ' maica, 332 tcs. and 466 bags Demerara, 250 |!tags Sumatra, 227 St. Domingo, and 87 St. Lucia, of which little more than about 130 tcs. Jamaica and 100 tcs. Demerara were disposed of: the Demerara chiefly bought ‘|on London account, at 955. for good mid dling, up to 98s. for barely fine middling. 1 Nearly the whole of the Jamaica consisted ! of ordinary and unclean sorts, whicit went ■Joflf.it a reduction of Is. a 2s. whilst a lot of ‘ middling quality sold as high as 90s. 6d. The St. Domingo sold afterwards at 60s. ; and 545. was bid for Sumatra, which is held ? at 58s. 'There has been a very animated * demand for Carolina Race towards the close 5 of the week, and the sales are upwards ol ' 1600 tcs. entirely for shipment, at ao ad ’ vance of Is. 6d. at 2s. on ordinary, and Is. on good qualities: the latter description sold at 20s. 6d, and the former at 16s. a 18s, 6d. February 19. Since mine of the 15th ult. the demand ' for Cotton has continued very animated, The sales of this week amount to 57,77 t “ ba"-s. U estimated that 18,000 bagshavt * been taken on speculation. 638 bags Set 8 Island, from 20d to 27d. 11,935 Uplands p BJt> 12d. I Ton adme.-Murement ol the large tunbei now imi ding at Quebec, is 500 tons, ot )l)U f a lud ii .r -nm the Columbus. I’ is to be launched in iray next. |«L .... CONSTITUTIONALIST. - ■ ■ -=f ■. AUGUSTA: - I , B __ _ _ _ _ ~ TUESDAY, APlilL 5, 1825. . As the late treaty with the Creek Indp 11 ans has been ratified by the President aiW • Senate, a large and valuable body of Lanii B is now added to the State of Georgia. J* \ , becomes a question of serious momefil* s how is this territory to be disposed of ? la, s the mouths of many, we shaU meet therea* fdy answer, “by lottery .” For ourselves* 1 we hope the Legislature will pause, before ’ they determine again on such a measurej ; We have already given away several larg* • purchases of land, in this worst of all pog- ’ sible ways. To whom has it been given , In some cases, but not a large proportion of . the whole, to actual settlers, who have be come valuable inhabitants of the v i ; , tory. In many instances, to the icb. w ■ need it not; ard in more, to tht ; r>" ' i isell it to speculators. The State is be-! mefitted by such a disposition— purer • isers are not benefitted ; for they might buy I - with equal advantage, of the Sta'e )>. v d tl I •fortunate drawers themselves aie -ery > j ■tie benefitted ; for it has long bi > p'.veiv > i. bial, that lottery money does in one *.iy i' jgood; and the proceeds of this lottery tan I ' differ from those of no other. What. ..V.; I are the real benefits of those L ■ . *;t E ries, compared with those that w uld result |L , from a sale of the lands? None. have aln ady given away land enoujv, i* E 1 this manner, to have paid all the expense* f i of government forever, constructed turn- ’V pike roads, & established common school* f , through the State. Is a policy like this to ■ * -be persevered in ? We are aware that the 'J people, when once in the habit of getting * ( land for nothing like very well to cobti- ✓ nue on in the same way ; and it must re- gr , quire some firmness and independence in a i Legislator, to brave the clamor raised against i a change. Have we no such men among i us? And have not such men influence en- ■ ough in the chambers of the State-House to T prevail ? f The first experiment, byway of lottery, was a dangerous one. It seems to us, that it was bid policy, even then. But there I were many reasons in favor of that expert- 9 j ment, that cannot operate now. Tlien, our S rod e.eigMhjra were powerful. Jm\ hostilities. For the safety of the frontier, I and indeed of the whole state, it was partic f ularly desirable that the territoiy they ' abandoned should be settled as speedily a* [. possible : and this consideration doubtless weighed much in the passage of the first lot i tery law. But the case is now different.- • The native Indians have gradually teceded, ■ | at the approgfch of the whites; and now, the last of the Creeks are preparing to leave I our boundaries. Our frontier needs not th* I ■ protection of speedy settlements : and even I jif it did, we believe land sold at a reason*- "J , ble price, by the state, will be as soon occu- I pied, as that given away to individuals, and i I sold by them to speculators. I > It is never too late to reform bad habits. I 1 Our having perst vered so long in a mischiev- I ous policy is no reason for continuing it. J i The individuals, who have never yet diawn 1 - prizes in the land lotteries, may think it I • hard that they cannot have an equal chance •j with th-dr more ffcnunate neighbours : But .it by no means follows that, because the - state has given one man a gratuitous pres- \ 1 ent, it is bound to be equally liberal to ev j ery other. Our remarks are hastily made. Our ob- f t jeet is, merely to suggest the subject. It is - oneof very great consequence to the pub !• lie, and ought to be the theme of discussion | | and mature reflection. W e may resume it |i f at another time. \ . • After considerable warm weather, which 1 had brought vegetation quite forward, we had a frost on Sunday night. Os the ex- J tent of its effects, we cannot jet judge. . A Philadelphia physician, in a letter to* n lady, on the deleterious effect of weaung cm setts, has the following remarks: “I anticipate the happy period when the fairest * portion of the fair creation will step forth unincumbered with slabs of walnut and tier* I of whalebone. The constitution of our fe- J males must be excellent, to withstand, in f. any tolerable degree, the terrible infliction* a of the Corset eight long hours every day g No other animal could survive it. fake the ’ honest ox, and eneb-se his sides with hoop poles, put an oaken plank beneath him, and :r |,rird the whole with a bed-cord, and demand |jof him labor. He would labor, indeed, but jit would be for breath,”