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Report of the Secretary of the Treasury.
[concluded.]
The act ol the 3d of Marcli last allowing a
draw-back of foreign Imports exported from cer
tain ports to Canada, and also to Santa Fe and
Chihuahua, in Mexico, has gone, to some ex
tent, into effect, under regulations prescribed by
this department, and is beginning to produce
the most happy results—especially in an aug
mented trade in the supply of foreign exports to
Canada from our own ports. Indeed, this law
must soon give to us the whole of this valuable
trade during the long period when the St. Law
rence is closed by ice, and a large proportion of
it at all seasons. The result would be still
more beneficial, if Canada were allowed to carry
all her exports to foreign nations in transitu
through our own railroads, rivers, and canals,
to be shipped from our own ports. Such a
system, whilst it would secure to us this valua
ble trade, would greatly enlarge the business of
our rivers, lakes, railroads, and canals, as well
as augment our commerce; and would soon
lead to the purchase, by Canada, not only cfour
foreign exports, but also, in many cases, of our
domestic products and fabrics, to complete an
assortment. In this manner, our commercial
relations with Canada would become more in
timate, and more and more of her trade, every
year, would be secured to our people.
Connected with this department, and the
finance®, is the question of the sales of the pub
lic lands. The proceeds of these sales, it is be
lieved, should continue to constitue a portion of
the revenue, diminishing lo that extent the
amount required to be raised b\ r the tariff. The
nett proceeds of these sales paid into the trea
sury during the last fiscal year, was $2,077.022
30; and from the first sales in 1787 up to the
30th of September last, was $118,607,335 91.
The average annual sales have been much less
than two millions of acres; yet the aggregate
nett proceeds of ths sales in 1834, 1835, IS3G,
and 1837, was $51,268,617 82. Thos<» large
sales we r e almost exclusively for speculation;
and this can only be obviated, at all times, by
confining the sales to settlers and cultivators
in limited quantities, sufficient for farms or
plantations. The price at which the public
lands should be sold is an important question to
the whole country, but especially to the people ol
the new States, living mostly remote from the sea
board, and who have scarcely felt tiie presence of
the government in local expenditures, but chiefly
in the exhaustion oi iheir means for purchases of
public lands and for customs.
The public lands are not of the same value;
yet they are all fixed at one unvarying price,
which is far above the value of a large portion
of these lands. The quantity now subject to
entry at the minimum price of $1.25 per acre
is 133,307,457acre5, and 109,035,315 in addition,
to which the Indian title has been extinguished
—being an aggregate of 242,342.802 acres, and
requiring a century and a quarter lo complete
the sales at the rate they have progressed here
tofore—without including any ol the unsold
lands of Texas or Oregon, or of the vast region
besides to which the Indian title is not yet ex
tinguished.
It is clear, then, that there is a vast and an
nually increasing surplus of public lands, very
little of which will be sold within any reasona
ble period at the present price, and in regard to
which the public interest would be promoted,
and the revenue augmented, by reducing the
price. The reduction 01 the price of the public
lands in favor of settlers and cultivators, would
enhance the w ages of labor. It is an argument
urged in favor of the tariff, that we ought to
protect our labor against what is called the pau
per labor of Europe. But whilst the tariff does
not enhance the wages of labor, the sales of the
public lands at low prices, and in limited
quantities, to settlers and cultivators, would ac
complish this object. 11 those who live by the
wages of labor could purchase 320 acres of land
for SBO, 160 lor S4O, or 80 for S2O, or 40 acres
lots for $lO, the power of the manufacturing
capitalist in reducing the wages of labor would
be greatly diminished; because, when these
lands were thus reduced in price, those who
live by the wages of labor could purchase farms
at these low rates, and cultivate the soil for
themselves and families, instead of working for
others twelve hours a-day in the manufactories.
Reduce the price which the laborer must pay
for the public domain; bring thus the means ol
purchase within his power; prevent all specu
lation and monopoly in the public lands; con
fine the sales to settlers and cultivator®, in limi
ted quantities; preserve these hundreds of mil
lions of acres, lor ages to come, as homes for
the poor and oppressed; reduce the taxes, by re
ducing the tariff", and bringing down the prices
whi' h (he poor are thus compelled to pay for all
the necessaries and comforts of life, —and more
willbedone for the benefit of American labor
than if millions were added to the profits of
manufacturing capital by the enactment of a
protective tariff.
The Secretary of the Treasury, on coining
into office, found the revenues deposited with
banks. The law establishing the independent
treasury was repealed; and*the Secretary had
no power to re-establish that system. Con
gress had not only repealed that law, but, as a
substitute, had adopted the present system of
deposit banks, and prohibited changing any
one of those for another bank, except for'speci
fied reasons. No alternative was left but to
continue the existing system until Congress
should think proper to change it. That change,
it is hoped, will now be made by a return to the
treasury ot the constitution. One of the great
evils of banks is the constant e;cpansion°and
contraction of the currency; and this evil is
augmented by the deposite of the revenue with
banks, whether state or national. The only
proper course for the government is to keep its
own money separate from all banks and bank
ers, in its own treasury—whether in the mint
branch mints, or other government agencies—!
aod lo use only gold and silver coin in all te
ceipts and disbursements. The business of the
country will be more safe when an adequate
supply of specie is kept within onr limits, and
its circulation encouraged by all the means
within the power ol this government.
If this government, and the States, and rite
people, unite in suppressing the use of specie
an adequate supply, for want of a demand, can
not be kept within our limits ; anil the condi
ion of tha business and currency of the coun
try will be perilous and uncertain. It will be
jcompletely within the power of the banks,
whose paper will constitute the exclusive cir
culation of she whole community. Nor will it
be useful to establish a constitutional treasury
if it is to receive or disburse the paper ol banks!
Separation from the banks ip that case would
only be nominal, and no addition would be
made to the circulation ol gold and silver.
Various forms ot paper credit have been
suggested, a*> connected with the operations of
the constitutional treasury; but they arc all
considered as impairing one ol the great ob-.
jects ot such a treasury—namely, an augment
ed circulation of specie. If paper, in whatever
form, or from whatever source it may issue,
should be in.roduced as a circulation by the
constitutional treasury, it would, precisely to
1 that extent, diminish its use as a means of cir
, culating gold and silver.
■ The constitutional treasury could be render
ed a most powerful auxiliary of the mint in
augmentingthe specie circulation. The amount
ol public money which can be placed in the
mint is now limited by law to one million of
dollars; and lo that extent it is now used as a
• depository, and as a means of increasing our
■ coinage. ‘ It is suggested that this limitation
may be so modified as lo permit the use ot our ;
mint and branch mints for a much larger sum
in connection with the constitutional treasury.
■ The amount of public money received at New
York greatly exceeds that collected at all other
points, and would of itself seem to call for a
r place of public deposit there; in view ol which,
the location of a branch of the mint ot the
United States at that city, would be most con- i
• venient and useful. The argument used against
■ a constitutional treasury, of the alleged inse
i curity of the public funds in the hands of in
’ j dividuals, and especially the vast amount col
, j lected at New York, will be entirely obviated
by such an establishment. The mint ol the
United Slates has now been in existence fifty
-1 two years. It has had the custody of upwards
■ of 114,000,000 of dollars ; and during this long
I period of time, there never has been a loss of
' any ot its specie in the mint by government.
7 The mint at Philadelphia is now conducted
; with great efficiency, by the able and faithful
officer at the head of that establishment, whose
• general supervisory authority, without leaving
' the parent mint, might stilll be wisely extended
' to the branch at New York. Besides the utility
of such a branch as a place lor keeping safely
and disbursing the public money, it is believed
that the coinage might be greatly augmented by
the existence ot a branch of the mint at that
great city. It is there that two-thirds of the
revenue is annually collected —the whole ot
which, under the operation of the constitutional
treasury, would be received in specie.
Os that amount, a very large sum would be
received in coin of other countries, and espe
cially in foreign gold coins—all of which could
be speedily converted, upon the spot, into our
coins of gold and silver. The amount also of
such foreign coin brought by emigrants to the
city ol New-York is very considerable; a large
portion of which would find its way to the
branch mint for re-coinage. The foreign gold
coins do not, and it is feared will not circulate,
generally as a currency, notwithstanding they
are made a tender by law. The rate at which
these coins are fixed by law are not familiar to
the people; the denomination of such coin is
inconvenient, the pans into which it is divided
are not decimal; the rates at which it is taken
vary in different parts ot the Union. It is in
convenient in the the way of ready transfer in
counting; it is more difficult, in common use,
to distinguish the genuine from the counterfeit
foreign coin; and the stamp upon it is not fa
miliar to the people—from all which causes, a
foreign gold coin does not, and will not circu
late generally as a currency among the people.
In many of the oanks nearly the whole of their
specie is kept in every variety "of foreign gold
coin; and when it is tendered by them in pay
ment ol their notes, the great body ol the people
not being familiar wfih these coins, do not re
ceive them; and thus the circulation of a gold
currency is, to a great extent defeated. If these
coins were converted at our mint, or branch
mints, into the eagle, the half-eagle, and quarter
eagle, we should speedily linve a large supply
of American gold coin, and it would very soon
be brought into common use as a currency, and
thus give to it greater stability, and greater se
curity lo ail the business of the country. A
considerable amount of foreign gold coin has,
during the present year, under the directions ot
this department, been convened into American
gold coin ; but the process would be n uch more
rapid ifaided by the organization ol the consti
tutional treasury, and the eslablishment of a
branch ofthe mint at the great commercial em
porium of the Union. With the mint and
branch mint as depositories, the sum remaining
in the hands of other receivers of public moneys,
whether of lands or customs, would be incon
siderable, and the government could be readily
protected Irom all losses of such sums by ade
quate bonds, and the power, by law, to convict
and punish as criminals all who embezzle the
public moneys.
It is believed, under such a system, that no
defaults would lake place, and that the public
moneys would be safely kept and. disbursed in
gold and silver. This government is made, by
the constitution, the guardian of a specie cur
cncy. That currency can only be coined, and
its value regulated by this government. It is
■ one of its first duties to supply such a currency,
■ by an efficient mint, and by general regulations
of the coinage; but in vain will it attempt to
perform that duty, if when coinage is made or
regulated in value, this government dispenses
with its use, and expels it from circulation, or
drives it out of the country, by substituting the
paper of banks in all the transactions of the go
vernment.
There is nothing which will advance so sure
ly the prosperity ol the country as an adequate
supply of specie, diffused throughout every
portion ofthe Union, and constituting to a great
extent the ordinary circulation everywhere
among the people. It is a currency that will
never break nor fail; it will neither expand nor
contract beyond the legitimate business of the
country; it will lead to no extravagant specula
• tions at one time, to be followed by certain de
pression at another; nor will labor ever be
robbed of its reward by the depreciation of
such currency. There is no danger that we
■ shall have too much gold and silver in actual
; circulation or too small an amount of bank pa
per, or that an injury ever will be inflicted upon
■ the business of the country, by a diminution ol
the circulation of the paper of banks, and the
- substitution in Us place, to that extent, of gold
and silver. Even their most anient advocates
must admit that banksare sui ject to periodical
expansions and contractions, and that this evil
would be increased by giving them the funds of
the government to loan, and by receiving and
disbursing nothing but their paper.
It is believed that the permanent interest ot
every class of the people will be advanced by
1 the establishment of the constitutional treasury,
and that the manufacturers especially will de
rive great benefits from its adoption. It will
• give stability to all their operations, and insure
; them, to a great extent, against those fluctua
, lions, expansions, and contractions of the cur
• rency so prejudicial lo Heir interests. By
1 guarding against inflations of the eutrency, it
I will have a tendency lo check periodical ex
i cesses of foreign impoitations purchased in fact
1 upon credit; while loans from banks, or danger
ous enlargements of their business, and cxces
> sive issues of iheir paper, will be greatly di
■ minished. Whilst a sound and stable currency
, guards the manufacturer against excessive im
portations from abroad, it protects him from dis
- asters at home, and from those ruinous revul
-1 sions in which so many thousands are reduced
- to bankruptcy. The tariff, if followed, as in the
1 absence of adequate checks it certainly soon
s will be, by an inflated currency, whilst it thus
enhances Ihe expenses of manufacturing at
- home, will speedily and certainly raise prices up
lo the whole amount of the duty, so as to repeal
the operation of that dutv in favor of the manu
facturel', and enable the foreign importer again
- lo flood the market, at the enhanced prices
e arising from an inflated currency. But soon the
revulsion comes, and all are overwhelmed in a
- common ruin. The currency is reduced below
t the wants of the country, by a sudden and ruin
, ous contraction ; and the labor and industry of
years are required to repair the mischief. .Sia
-1 bility, both in the tai iff and the currency, is what
? the manufacturer should most desire. Let the
tariff be permanently adjusted, by a return to
i reasonable and moderate revenue duties—which,
f even when imposed truly and in good faith for
that purpose, will yield sufficient advantage to
afford reasonable profits; and let this permanent
system (and none other can be permanent) be
established, and accompanied by a stable cur
rency—and the manufacturer, in a series of
years, will derive the greatest benefits Irom the
system.
The present system cannot be permanent. It
is too unequal and unjust—too exorbitant and
oppressive, and too clearly in conflict with the
•fundamental principles ot the constitution. If
the manufacturer thinks that this system can ho
permanent, let him look to the constant changes
which have attended all attempts to establish
and continue a protective tariff'. The first tariff’
was based in part upon the principle of very
moderate protection to domestic manufactures;
and the result has been, as appears by the table
hereto annexed, the tariff has been changed and
modified thirty times since that period—being
more than once on an average, lor every Con
i gress since the government was founded; and
! one of these tariffs was in itself a system ofan
! nual changes, operating through a period often
i years. Os these changes fourteen have been
i general, and sixteen special. From J8J(» on
! ward, these changes have been most frequent
l and it is vain to expect permanency from any
■ thing but a revenue tariff. Stability is what the
i manufacturer should desire, and especially that
| the question should Ire taken out of the arena of
I politics, by a just and permanent settlement. A
j great number of tables illustrative ot the effects
j of the tariff’, compiled from the official docu-
I ments, accompany this report. Some of these
j tables exhibit the operation of each of our tariffs,
j from the organization of the government to the
present period. In order to enable the Secretary
to comply with the direction of the acts of Con
gress, requiring him in his annual report to sug
gest “plans from improving or increasing the
revenues,” and to give “information to Con
gress in adopting modes ot raising the revenue,
two circulars were issued, published, and gene
rally distributed propounding various questions
connected with this subject, and requesting re
plies. Some answers have been received, from
friends as well as opponents, of the tariff; but
the Secretary regrets that the manufacturers,
with very few exceptions, have declined an
swering these questions or communicating any
information as regards their profits and surplus,
or in relation to the wages of labor. An ab
stract of all that is deemed useful in these re
plies, together with a copy of botli circulars, is
appended to this report.
The coast survey is rapidly progressing—
having been extended eastward to the eastern
coast of Massachusetts, and southward nearly
to the dividing line of Maryland and Virginia,
on the Chesapeake. Two new centres of ope
ration have been opened, under the sanction of
this department, in North Carolina, and on the
Gulf ol Mexico, from which the work may be
spread until the parts unite. Important posi
tions for forts, navy-yards, harbors and light
houses present themselves along this interest
ing portion of the coast of Louisiana, Missis
sippi and Alabama, and the islands guarding
the channel between Mobile and New Orleans.
Great economy exists in the administration of
the fund appropriated for the coast survey; and
every effort is made by the superintendent to
press the work onward to a completion. Thtee
charts resulting from the survey have been pub
lished within the past year, and five more are
nearly ready for publication. This great work
is most honorable to the science of our coun
try, most uselnl to our navy and commercial
marine, and, in connexion with our light
houses, must decrease the cost oi frieght and
insurance, as well as the risk of life and pro
perty. Great attention has been given by this
department to the very important subject of our
light-house system, lhe various improvements
suggested by experience at home or abroad—
the relative advantages of gas and oil, ot re
flectors, lenticular and revolving lights, the lo
cation and construction of the buildings, as
well as the mode of keeping the lights—are all
being fully and carefully investigated, and a
report, it Is believed, will be ready during the
p 1 esent session of Congress. Prom the Chesa
peake to the Capes of Florida, and thence
westward, our coast is badly lighted, as well as
the great lakes of the north and west; and
numerous wrecks, often accompanied with loss
of life and properly, seem to require the inter
position of Congress.
Such portion of the charts of the exploring
expedition as were placed under the charge of
this department were distributed lor the benefit
of our whale ships. These valuable charts em
brace the survey of many hitherto almost un
explored regions and islands of the Pacific, as
well as a part of the coast of Oregon, and must
be eminently useful for many purposes, but
especially to our seamen and merchants en
gaged in the whale fishery. In pursuance of a
resolution of Congress, a report is in progress
of preparation as regards the banks and cur
rency, and also in telation to statistics; and
these, with all other reports required from this
department, will be presented at, the earliest
practicable period of the present session.
In presenting his annual repoit, in obedience
to the law, the Secretary of the Treasury sub
mits his views with unassembled diffidence—
consoled by the reflection that all his errors of
judgment will be corrected b} r the superior wis
dom of the two Houses of Congress, guided and
directed by that overruling Providence which
has blessed the unexampled progress of this
great and happy Union. R. J. WALKER.
Destructive Fire in Bridgeport, Cf.
My Dear Sir: I hasten to apprise you of a
disastrous fire which visited our city last night.
It commenced about one o’clock in a building
on Bank-st. occupied as an oyster and board
ing bouse, and extended along both sides of
Water-st. North, to within two doors of the
large brick block corner of Wall on the West
side, and to Mr. Hawlev’s store on the East
j side, down Water st. to and including Pal
| mer’s boarding-house on the West side, and to
j the old steamboat dock on the East; also ten or
twelve buildings on State-st. nearly up to
I Maih-st. and on Bank-st. about twelve build
| ings, stopping in this direction at the house of
! Capt. B. Hubbell, which is saved. In thisdes
j truction arc embraced most of our heaviest
: business houses, with heavy stocks in store.
! On a rough calculation I estimate the loss at
1 $150,000 —certainly as much as that—on which
| there is an insurance to about SBO,OOO, dis
j tribuled something like this: Contributionship
i $20,000, Howard $20,000, Etna $15,000, Pro
' lection $7,000, New-Haven Mutual $7,000,
; Hanford $5,000, Jefferson $‘5,000
The buildings consumed wereof little value,
| and their destruction may ultimately prove a
decided benefit to the city, though there are ma
ny individual cases of severe pecuniary loss,
and ol poor families turned houseless and
homeless into the streets. Annexed you have a
! list of the principal sufferers:
Z. & L. B. Sterling, O. W. Sherman, Geo.
i Wells, H. 11 a 11, Eti. Thompson, Flail Bur
roughs, T. Cansou A. Co., Morford &Northrop,
Henry Burroughs, Chas. Delorest, Edwards A.,
Whit ing, G. E. Thompson, Niles, Thorp A Co.,
S. & G. Sterling, Lockwood &Lane, both stores
Olmsted & Keeler, Hubbell A. Thompson,
Forbes, Whiting FI. H. Lewis, George
Wheeler, Lockwood, chair factory, Sarn’l
Hodge, besides some fifteen or twenty dwelling
houses. —Correspondent N. Y. Tribune , Dec. 11.
Me npiDisT Confer kn c e.—The Athens
(Ga.) “ Banner" contains the following notice
addressed “ to the Preachers of the Georgia, Co f
termed” by the Revd. W.J. Parks, the station
ed preacher at Athens:
“ The preachers are notified that by the kind
ness of the Managers of the Georgia Rail
Road, they will be allowed conveyance to and
from the Conference at One half the usual
rates charged passengers. The agents on the
line will be furnished a list of the names of the
Itinerant preachers belonging to the Georgia
Conference. Local preachers, or preachers of
any other Conference, who may attend, and
wish to avail themselves ol the benefit of the
above provision, must seek an introduction to
' an agent at the Depot, or on board the cars.”
Cjronicic an ft Senlind.
AD C; ?7st aTi; a.;
THURSDAY MORNING, DEC. 18,1843.
Thanksgiving.
As this day has been set apart, by proclama
tion of the Mayor, as a day of public thanks
giving and prayer, in c< mtdiar.ee therewith, no
paper will be issued from this office to-morrow. ;
fqlrOuß Wkf.kly will be issued this morning 1
as usual, embracing the contents of our daily for
the past week. Single copies for sale at the office.
Another New Car.
The “Nashville” is the name (a most ap
propriate name by the way, in anticipation ol
the extension of this great work of internal im
provement to that city,) of a most splendid pas
senger car, which has been just turned out from
the car factory ol the Georgia Railroad, and
which made the first, a pleasure excursion, yes
terday. Fiach succeeding effort of Mr. Right.
the superintendent of the car factor}', seems to
surpass the last, and one would suppose that he
has now attained a proficiency in car building
which cannot be excelled, whether this be re
garded for its capaciousness, finish, convenience
of arrangement, or comfort to the passenger.
The Nashville is constructed, and affords spa
cious seats, for silty passengers, thirty-four of
whom can, if they choose, convert their seats
into comfortable berths, and for elegance of
finish and comfort, is unsurpassed by any car
we have ever seen.
Mr. Pakenhak.— The New-York Commer
cial Advertiser, states a letter from Mr. Taken
ham has been shown in that city, in which he
says that all the information he has ol his own
recall is what he has obtained from the Ameri
can newspapers.
Oglethorpe University. —The Rev. Mr.
Jacobs has accepted the South Carolina Pro
fessorship in Oglethorpe University, to which
lie was recently called by the Synods of South
Carolina and Georgia, and expects to be at his
post at the commencement of the ensuing term,
the first Monday in Januaiy.
Charleston and Western Railroad. —We
learn from the New Orleans Tropic, that a
meeting of the citizens of Vicksburg was held
on the evening of the 6th inst., for the purpose
of soliciting charters from the Legislatures of
Mississippi and Alabama, for this purpose.
The proposed railroad is to pass by the way of
Montgomery, Ala., and Brandon, Miss. A se
ries of resolutions were passed, and a committee
of three appointed to proceed to Jackson and
Tuscaloosa and advocate the object. Messrs.
Wm, S. Bodley, Alexander H. Arthur an'd John
Jenkins, were appointed on the committee.
Judge Garland. —The Picayune ol Friday
the 12th inst. says :—There were a number of
reports in circulation yesterday respectin g Judge
Garland, some of which were undoubtedly
without foundation, and others, it is to be hoped,
were also. It has only become known, that the
examination, of which we spoke yesterday, re
sulted in issuing a warrant for his arrest under
a charge of forgery. Since then, no authentic
intelligence has been received respecting him.
He had not been arrested last evening, from
which we infer that he was not to be found at
his usual residence; but what has become of
him, whether he is in the city or gone hence, or
it gone, whither, has not transpired. It was
rumored that he made renewed attempts to put
an end to his existence. This we fain hope is
not the case. There has never occurred so re
markable, so terrible t\ fall as this ; and but that
the public mind is restless, oppressertand unea
sy under the developments that have been made,
we would not allude to the case again. It we
could we would draw a veil over the transaction
and the memory of the misguided man for
ever. From the depth of the public griefat the
abasement of one who held a lofty position in
the State, may be inferred the overwhelming
affliction which is in store for the immediate
members of his family. May heaven temper
this visitation with its mercy, andpourits heal
ingin to hearts that are sorely bruised.
From Washington C>r.Baltimore American.
The river for the first time this season is
closed, suspending the Alexandria steamboats.
The mail boat being an ice-boat found its way
down the river, and wiil probably keepthechan
nel open unless the weather is much colder.—
The thermometer at 7 this morning stood 21°
above zero.
But little progress, you will observe, has been
made in the public business during the past two
weeks of the session. This, however, is the
custom, and but for the Texas question, which
appears to demand early attention, nothing of
importance would probably be done before tire
commencement ot the new year.
The Grand Jury of lire District have declined
to bring in a bill against Mr. Elliott, arraigned
last summer or autumn on account of an affray
with Mr. Kendall, son ol Amos Kendall.—
This will probably be unexpected good news to
Mr. E.
Mr. McNulty’s case goes over to next week.
TWENTY-NINTH CONGRESS. "
Washington, Dec. 12.
The Senate did not sit to-day.
HOUSE.
The morning business commenced to-day
with a motion that when the House adjourn it
adjourn to meet again on Monday next. The
motion prevailed.
Mr. M. Brown, of Tenn., then announced
the death ol his late colleague, member elect to
the present Congress, Dr, Joseph H. Peyton, of
Tenn. Mr. Peyton was a member of ihe2Bih
Congress from the Nashville District. While
here he distinguished himself for great energy
and greal ability. He was a zealous Whig,
but never obtruded his opinions uncalled for
before his opponents.
In the House he made two or three speeches
which gave him a high character. Here and
at home he was regarded as a warm friend and
a true man. Mr. Brown recounted his virtues
in a manner which showed that he was justly
appreciated by his colleagues and highly es
teemed by his constituents.
Ihe customary resolutions of respect were
then offered, and being adopted unanimously
by the House, there was an adjournment until
Monday next.
Gale on lake Michigan.— Accounts from
Lake Michigan state that seven schooners were
lost (luring the gale ol November 22d three
bodies had drilled ashore on the leach. ’
LESSONS on the Morning and Even
ing Services of the Episcopal Church for
the use of Sunday Schools, by the Rev H F
Nicholls, .4. M. Received by
d 5 DUNHAM & BLEAKLRY.
rr" ■ —gwa —p—B itt ii l
Things in MMledgcviUc.
Co, retro rainier. of the Chi on it’ ■: if’ Sent tael.
;V!i lledge villb, December 15.
In Senate, Mr. Chastain moved to reconsi
der his turnpike resolution, referred to on Satur
day, yeas 19, navs 19, the President voting in ,
the negative.
A Mi! to compel pronc-ttv owners -o pay (heir i
j taxes in the counties v. here their prupeiiy is lo
| caled, passed.
Chattahoocheenavigation hill was postponed
indefinitely.
A hill authorizing the Legislature to elect a
committee to investigate the condition of the
Treasury and public debt during those years
when the Legislature do not meet, passed.
A bill tor the distribution of the Poor School
Fund according to the “ representative popula
tion” of the State, alter Mr. Wofford’s amend
ment to insert “ white population” had been re
jected, was laid on the table for the balance of
the session.
The bill ceding Cockspur Island to the Fede
ral Government, was passed. Also, a number
of local bills,
A bill to compel Banks to pay taxes on the
minimum of their capital. A bill to redeem the
liabilities of the Stale toi the Darien Bank—and
a bill to provide for more effectually collecting
fines imposed by Courts Martial, were passed.
A hill to define the duties of Brigade and Di
vision Inspectors, and provide for their pay
ment. Mr. Hardeman moved to strike out the
provision lor their pay. This nrfbtion brought
Generals Wofford and Cone, and Mr. Jackson,
to the defence of the military establishment.
Mr. Hardeman’s amendment was lost, and the
bill passed.
Afternoon. —Mr. Stell introduced a bill for the
completion ot the Western and Atlantic Rail
road, which was read, and 50 copies ordered to
be printed.
A resolution authorizing and requesting the
Governor to have a suitable lull length likeness
ot Gen. Jackson painted, framed and hung up
in either the Senate or Representative Cham
ber, was agreed to.
The bill to incorporate the Augusta Manu
facturing Company, passed—yeas 29, nays 15.
The bill to incorporate the Flint River Manu
facturing Company ofUpson, was taken up in
order. Mr. Stell, faithful to the end, put in his
amendment. Mr. Miller offered an amend
ment to the amendment, such as was imposed
upon his bill just passed. This was lost on a
division by a strict parly vote. Mr, Brown
called fur the yeas and nays, staring that he could
not perceive (who can ?) why his bill should not
be placed on a footing with Mr. Miller’s, yeas
20, nays 20, the Chair voting in the negative.
Before the question was put on Mr. Slell’s
amendment, Mr. Brown called for the previous
question, which was agreed to. The bill was
then passed—yeas 21, nays 19. How this bill
slipped through without restriction is perhaps
a matter of curiosity. I have not referred to
theyeas and nays on the Journal. butam inform
ed that Mr. Jackson voted for it—Messrs. Hack
elt and Whitfield being absent —and the result
is thus accounted tor. Mr. Who field has been
absent for some weeks.
The Senate then took up bills for a second
reading, which continued until the hour ot ad
journment.
In House, the Tax bill was reconsidered
61 to 59.
The bill lor the relief of Captain Jarnigan
was passed. The appropriation bill was then
taken up in committee of the whole. About 4
o’clock in the afternoon the committee rose and
reported progress. On the clause appropriating
for Governor’s Secretaries, Mr. Carlton moved
to strike out three and insert two, yeas 20, nays
90. This move will also be made in the Sen
ate. More anon.
The salary of the Physician and Superin
tendent of the Lunatic Asylum was raisedfrom
S6OO to SISOO perannum, and an annual appro
priation of SIO,OOO made for the two ensuing
years for the support of the Institution. An ap
propriation of S4OO was also made to Dr. Cooper
lor the two past years.
We come now to the most feeling clause in
the appropriation hill. It will be remembered
that this sensitive body, yclept the House of
Representatives, shrunk from the support of a
tax bill which would fully sustain an economi
cal administration of the Government. Let us
see if the gentry evince tin’s sensitiveness when
they come to appropriate nioney fur their own
pay! Five dollars per diem Itad been fixed upon
in committee, where—be it known to the unini
tiated—an arbitrary parliamentary rule forbids
the calling of the yeas and nays. Mr. Hull
moved to strike out live. Air. Gaulding, of
Stewart, hoped not—did nut know what esti
mate might be put on his service.s here , but, at
home, Jive dollars would be but a small compen
sation. Let this matter be simply referred to
his constituents, 11. however, the rule indicated
by Mr. Gaulding were carried out in the pay
ment of members, according to what they made
in cash at home, 1 shrewdly suspect the people
would be the gainers in the aggregate. Five
was stricken out—yeas 63, nays 53. But, as it
wrung the heart of Brutus to sign the death war
rant of an only son, 1 doubt not this infliction
ot the yeas and nays caused many a twinge in
a still tenderer part of the creature man! It
was moved to insert $4 50—yeas 58, nays 57!
: only lost a half by stiking out whilst they gained
| a half by putting in —just even !
“ That sir who serves aiut seeks for gain,
And follows but for form.
Witt pack when it begins to rain,
And leave thee in the siorm.”
| The Democrats, generally, have evinced an
extieme willingness to appropriate money with
a lavish liberality, bounded only by their boast
ed freedom from responsibility. In the House
(he responsibility rests upon the Whigs—their
opponents tell them so to their teeth—yet, never
theless, notwithstanding — 11 it cannot be. disguis
ed. and. it is useless to deny,” that there are a few
dnndorpates on our side who will aid the demo
cracy in their desires and attempts to embarrass
the government. That ship’s crew must be in
hopeless disorder where every other man among
one hundred, and thirty is a self elected officer.
The aristocracy of true and distinguished talent
is indispensable in every legislative body ; and
it ought to wielded not by one or two men,
but by at least a half a dozen. A.
Augusta Artillery' Guard*,,
At a meeting of the A uzusta Ariiih.., Guards
held this evening, the 17 h December, 1514-,
Cap.!. Wilson in the Chair, the Secretary
James Adam, submitted the following
and resolution*. which were pvHvp.r -.r a
i mously ado;.v;z :
I, 'to in. m the ivctafcch . .• ;
Divine Providence, death has taken from
ranks our brother‘soldier and companion ’
arms. Samuel Milling, laze a Lieutenant in
this corps. He departed this lite on FridavlJ
the 12th inst at 11 o’clock A. M. But a’shon
time since, he, like us at this time, was full >
life and ot hope, being young, had a"fair pros'
pect ot living and enjoying life for many’ years'
to come; but alas! death came, and claWt
him as his victim. The places that have known'
him, shall know him no more forever- thu
lorcibly illustrating the precept ‘‘That
in the midst ot life we are in’dealh’cl
In his intercourse with his fellow-men H
was uniformly mild, conciliatory and amia
hie. A warm and devoted friend, a cliari'
table and kind hearted man ; his heart was a!
ways responsive to the appeals of charity! He
was an efficient officer and a tried soldier. He
has seen peace and war. prosperity and calami
ty, yet the tongue of slander has’ never whis
pered aught against his character. Thus an
iionest man has died! He is gone! gone to
that bourne from whence no traveller e'ver re
turned. Peace be unto his ashes. Therefore
ft solved, That we deeply and sincerely la
ment the death of Lieutenant Samuel Milling
late a member of this corps; in him we have
lost an efficient officer, a brave soldier, and a
devoted friend.
Resolved , That this Corps tenders to the rel
atives of the deceased the expressions of its
liveliest sympathy on this afflicting event; and
as a testimony of respect for the memory of the
deceased, the members will wear the usual
badge ot mourning for thirty days.
Resolved, That the Secretary be and he is
hereby directed to present a copy of these pro
ceedings to ’.he lamily of the deceased.
On motion,
Resolved, That these proceedings be signed
by the Secretary and Chairman and published
in the city papers.
On motion, the meeting adjourned.
SAMUEL C. WILSON, Chairman.
James Adam, Secretary.
I. o. O. F.
13= Washington Lodge No. T.—Augusta
December 15th, 1845.—The Committee appoint
ed to present resolutions expressiveofthesen.se
of this Lodge, on the occasion of the decease of
our late Brother Samuel Milling, report the
following Resolutions. Jn reference to them,
your committee only fear that they may not
have been able, fully to convey the sense of
high value, which our brothers of the Lodge
have uniformly enter!ained for our deceased
•Brother :
Resolved, That by the death of our late Bro
ther Samuel Milling, this Lodge has been de
Drived of a Brother who, having walked in
the paths of uprightness, and steadily prac
tised the social virtues of friendship, love and
truth, has left a name unstained by reproach;
that this Lodge mourns over his loss with sin
cere sorrow, and will remember him with the
respect due to the memory ot one who thus in
life illustrated the cardinal virtues which our
order inculcates.
Resolved, That as a public testimony of this
respect, the brothers of this Lodge will wear
the customary badge ot mourning the remain
der of the current quarter.
Resolved, That this Lodge lender to brother
W. R. Milling, and the Sisters and other friends
of the deceased, its sympathy and condolence,
under their severe bereavement. That a copy
of these resolutions be transmitted to brother
VV. R, Milling by the Secretary.
Which Is respectfully submitted.
L. D. FORD, )
T. W. MILLER, > Committee,
A. ROFF, )
PROCLAMATION.
Mayor’s Office, December 13, 184. r >.
O' In compliance with the resolution
of the City Council of Augusta, setting apart
THURSDAY NEXT, the 18th instant, as a day
of Thanksgiving and Prayer lo the Al
mighty, from whom come all blessings
The Citizens are, therefore, respectfully in
vited to attend worslvp on that day, and offer to
Him who is the Author of every good and per
fect gift, the incense of grateful hearts. Surely,
there is no heart so devoid of . r >., nerous
impulse as to refuse such homage t n ., Being
to whom its indebtedness knows no i )r,it
dlo-4 M. M. DYK, Mayor.
I. O. O. F.
Washington Lodge No. 7.—A Degree
Meeting will be held This (Thursday) Evening,
at the usual hour. Bv order of the N. G.
dIS CHARLES GATLIN, Sec’y.
g-y Miss MACKENZIE will open a School
on the first Monday in January, in the room
over the wins of Kami & Fleming’s store, for
merly occupied by Mr. Miller as an office, on
Campbell- street. dlB -d2 w *
STj 1 The Xcw England Society will hold
their annual meeting, at die United Stales Hold,
on Monday, 224 instant at six o’clock, P M.
Members will please come prepared to settle
their dues. By order of the President.
The anniversary dinner will be on the table
at seven o’clock , _ _ ,
d 18-til WM. T. GOULD, Secretary.
Or A- usta Female Seminary. MRS'
JAMES ADAM respectfully informs herfnen »
and the public, that her School lor a hniHe
number ot young ladies will be re-opene ot
Monday, September Ist. Hours ot tuition Iron.
9 to 12, and from 3 to 5 o’clock.
Terms made known on application at lhe
minary, No. 300 Broad-street. [™ 19 ,rtll
references: ,
Rev. E. E. Ford. D.D. I H.C. Bryson. M-
L. A. Dugas H.D.; 18. FVChew. Ksq.
Notice—ln consequence of the reg
ion of 11 chert A. Allen, Esq., one o 16
tices of the Inferior Court, an election
held on the tirst Monday in .Jamiarj n
Ml the vacancy. By order of ,he^" ur ’ .
d 2 JAMES McLAWS, Clerk.
EAGLE & PHCKNIX H° TEI
AUGUSTA, GA.
ffr The undersigned makes no a P OIO - y
his removal from the United Stales 0 . rglt)
former residence,) to this house; u .
his friends and the travelling P llbl ‘ c ’ fine
talitirs of a Host (himself,) a good * -
Rooms well furnished, and attennvc sc
Call and sec me. WM-M-
nB-ly Lite of the Unhid
KWlK'l-of tneW-H""’'--
IV Notice—On the 22d , he Mellon
months from Ihf Clerk
By order, JAi>ie->^
December 12,1845.