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VOLUME IV. ATLANTA, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 20, 187 NUMBER 18 l ilt U'KHli Citixi The Colonial history of Am hhows the superiority of col independent emigrants froi classes, over those settled by convicts and pau pers. Pauper and couviet colonies, in many instances, did well, but they were under the non of bold, self-reliant men; men who ome satiated with the shallow pretext- of crowded European Courts, n hly disgusted with that Social Syst that made the hundreds the political ville Thf Republlr Mrrfl. uadautly j ttled by A war li-reliiint 18C1, by super had l th> upon an unwilling' people iu t of reckless politicians who had lost an election, left the State of Georgia in a condition of ruin and financial bankrupt- cy. The agriculturist, the artisan, the merch ant, the mechanic, the small farmer, and the laboring man who had been dragged into the 1 j sanguinary struggle, either perished in it, or returned from the fratricidal strife to find his home broken up and desolate. In many cases, : units, veil tie Happabl It the Ja IWS of til L brilliar nestown Colony of “de- j his little farm or his humble borne—or rather a failure, that of the whatever their may have been left of either— York, composed of the was hypothecated for debt due his more fortu- es*'—represen ting the i nate neighbor, who per chance either managed : Society of the mother | to avoid the hardships of the struggle, orluck- L success. And so of ily made money by it. In other cases, the the NYw England colonies. The Pilgrim Fath ers of nearly two centuries ago, were the germ < <f that future Republic proclaimed firstat Meek, h uLnrg ami then ratified at Philadelphia. A community of convicts and paupers, never could have been prevailed upon to unballast British ships merely in obedience to an ab stract idea of political economy, or in reseut- m.-i.tof an iucult .... .Mio.uolv oou< lx d «« was that of the Teft-Tux by the English Parliament. The Dutch emigrants of Manhattan, And the English Quakers of the Schuylkill, were of that self-reliant, vigorous, independent working dans, which, combining intelligence with in dustry, sought emancipation from the feudal shackles of the old world, and assayed to lay the foundation for empire upon tho inaliena ble Rights of Man. Had these colonies been liKtih: up of mono]>olist.s who counted their operatives from among the paupfcrs and con- vicLs, ami who regarded their employees as so many cattle to be fed and cared for, there would never have been a revolt against British oppression of sufficient magnitude to culmin ate either in substantial Reform or National Independence. It has been well said that “ the wealth of a country is its inhabitants; ” and Sir William Jones never uttered a truer sentiment than when he maintained that the State itself consisted of “men, high-mined men,** who, knowing their rights, dare main tain them. What was true of emigration a century and n half ago, is true to-day. Sodomites and Chinese jugglers, are not the constituent mate, rial for a great State. They may serve tho sel fish purposes of a conscionles* monopoly; but to the body politic, they are loathsome para sites—a species of moral and political tricli nia spiralis—that will in time prodace rot tenness and decay. Convicts and paupers, prison inmales.and hopeless vagrants, are not the species of “emigration" that the South will profit by. We have enough of the homeless, . shiftless class already; but we do want emi grants from the hardy, industrious, abitious working classes, both in Europe and the Northern States, who prize home and its hallowed influences; men who will {(identify themselves with the State by seeking home steads among us, and who aspire to tho full responsibility of a permanent citizenship.— Oar large and poorly cultivated farms! should be divided up into small tracts, ami pot opon the market upon such terms as will be attrac tive to a class of emigrants that wonld be an ,ift.|u/sition to the moral and political force of Die State; for it is the thriftv community of small tarnTcrs, identified with tho soil, and .therefore personally interested in the future •commonwealth, that is to make Georgia great mud powerful. A Republican lit Court. Does dress make the man ? Some people *eean <o think so, and act accordingly. A few •lays ago Mr. E. J. Morris, tho American Min ister to Tarkey, appeared at tho Sultan's Court attired in the simple black costume of hie coun try. The contrast between the gorgeous Court dress of tlie foreign embassadors, and the ex treme simplicity of a conntyman's costume, at tracted conaidesable comment. If every American Minister wonld follow the ex ample of Mr. Morris, the Courts of Europe would not fail to respect the Repubican spirit which finds its roost appropriate manifesta tions in the utter ab/^oce of affectation and display. The truth is, fashion is one of the peetauf the period. It ruins its devotees and injures those who oppose it. Not long sjnc£ Madame OOistor, the wife of the French pre mier, triad to abolish the low-necked dress at liar receptions; but fashion completely over whelmed the poor lady, aud in two months* j time she conformed to the prevailing style and appeared in an evening costurao so very scanty that it seemed to be “ neck or nothing" with i her. If A mericans, at home and abroad, will learn a lesson of good taste and independence, from Minister Morris, they will enjoy the sat isfaction of having inaugurated a revelation in fashion that will advance the interests o health, morals, and teste. It is volgar and disgusting anywhere. It sounds badly even in the streets. In the draw- jug room it becomes offensive. In the repre sentative assembly it is humiliating. In the •columns of the public journal, it is contempti- Jde. It is related of tbe Earl of Chatham that si slang phrase of an attendant upon his death- lied so irritated him that he ordered his expul sion from the room. Washington was once . cheated of a good dinner by jtbe vulgar, low-bred stag of a fcjftw gw*L Mr. Gales, fl>» hiding editor of tho Washington Jutelli- r, iu the days of jts greatest power, once to publish a speech .of a political friend because It .cwtwupd tw .ejeeplioiml •long phrase. The press is a representative of the people. As they think, so it will speak. If they relish dang, slang will be the vehicle of commaai- oatiou. And if a political party, or faction, or jnnta demands epithets and rlang rather than reason coarlied iu "peerless English," its rep resentatives will ha mere slsogwhan f*» as des- litnle of ideas aa is a lobster of moral sense. tUsie Ko.il. The State Road has never been entisfiictorily '.managed, according to those who lost tb game. The ins never could, and probably ocver can please the nuts. In the present in stance. nothing tlfat a Rephblican administra tion can do, wonld please a discordant Democ racy. The yroiwmm of the charges lie in the tact that tho "Democracy” have lost control *of its patronage and its emoluments. That is xhe whole issue. As with "Baaonstruetion, .go with the State Road: the fir.-t was oppose/ •because it struck at the very eristence of the ■Conspiracy known ns the “Demoemy;" the last because Gov. Bullock is a Republican and jtoi a “Democrat" This is abont all there is ill the fuss and fury about the Mute Road and public corruption. W c have received A pomphUt written by Dr n Stephenson,on the hackneyed subject of ethnol ogy, as applied to the civil ajnality of the ne gro. It contains nothing new. It is simply a re-lash of w hat nearly every- sehool boy hoc : been discharged, and the stock of the Road read, first iu the form’ or a -Bible defense of ] so depmwd in the market that share holders, Slavcry-'and nett as WfrthBn (Atheistic) efforts ignorant of tho peculiar siptfeojims of modern to disprove tbe unity of tbe human race. Railway Bings, have been iudneed to gtf yi/j. citizen was heavily indebted to loreign credit ors; and, deprived of tbo means and opportu nity of liquidating dnriog tbe war, be re turned to bis borne to find himself either the slave of a .merciless master, or nn homeless outcast. But this was not the worat feature of the case. The exigencies of a war, inaugurated ovei the wilt or me people by Democratic politi ciana, called hundreds and thousands of thrifty citizens to the field of strife, who never turned. They perished in a straggle which their better judgment always condemned, and left helpless families with nothing but an hum- ble homestead between them and the tender mercies of a merciless world. And even this humble home was liable iu law for the old ob ligations of the hapless victim. The bereaved and friendless family met around their humble hearthstone at the suffmnee of an exorable creditor; and, m addition to the gaunt spectre of Destitution, they were brought face to face with the lost analysis of Misfortune, when they realized that naught but the • “ law’s delay kept them from becoming the houseless deni zens of the street, or vagrauts of the highway. The picture is not overdrawn. Every man who lived in Georgia during the terrible strug gle, and who witnessed the sadness and desti tution that survived it, realizes that it is not within the power of mere words to depict the scene then presented. It was a mute but elo quent appeal to Christian philanthrophy, which, unheeded, would have been tbe re proach of Civilization in any country. If the province of government is the protection of the weak and unfortunate against the strong and the opulent, this protection or “relief" became imperative under the circumstances here presented ; and the action of the State Constitutional Convention, of 1867, in passing a Relief ordinance, responded to the moral sense of every man iu Georgia, regardless of his personal interests or his prejudices. And the action of tho District Commander in rati fying the spirit of that Ordinance, as well the action of the Convention itself in incorpo rating the “Homestead” clause in the State Constitntihn, did more to inspire hope where hope was rapidly yielding to despair, and to give an impetus to legitimate industry, than all the empty wrangles and class legislation of the Democratic politicians who had previous ly railed only to min the masses. “Relief" isos a Republican measure! It sought to protect, by legislation, the humble roof that stood between the fatherless family and the cold charitie^bf tbe world, tho grand safe-guard thrown by Republican? around the Homes of the 1’aople of the State— thus protecting the little that was left by a ruthless war, forced upon the people against their will by a faction of Democratic leaders. Many honest Democrats, true to their convic tions of Right, and in fn^ sympathy with that Philanthropy which ever permeates the breast of civilized man, for once bid defiance to party lash, and dared to vote for the new Constitution and “Relief,” amid the jeers and jibes of partisan leaders whom defeat had ren dered desperate. But this Relief measure has been greatly by dishonest creditors ? Granted. Lord Eldon ones remarked, in the course of a judicial decision, that no mere hu man ’aw, however humane, eqitably or just, was above reproach for imperfection. The very circumstances that make human laws a necessity, combine to make them imperfect Their objective point is not perfection, since that is impossible; bnt it is “the greatest good to the greatest number.” And the imperfec tion of the Relief measures, may be admitted without detriment, in the face of that expe rience which demonstrates ti^at, whilst they may nfTord a retreat for the exceptional scoundrel, they furnish iui asylum for the rirtflOlW thousand. —s- Tltr Ten.Railroad W»»*. Knoxville, Tennessee, supports three daily newspapers upon a population of say ten tboUofind- It has a regular Democratic organ of the Andy Johnson school, and it has a reg ular Republican jp the Daily Chronicle.” It has also a “ in lulls party organ in the present management of the Whig/’ Eaf h of the ftfPP jonraals appear to be well sustained; and ore prpjjulile to tbe profession, both for their ability and their en terprise. The same city is likewise the nucleus of a modern Railroad Ring—an existence whereof the country has already heard much. The Kentucky Road is being pushed to completion. The Rabun Gap Road, began before the war is not to be wholly abandoned, if we may judge from the tone of the local press. The Asliville, North Carolina Road, a charter for which was obtained some twelve years ago, lias never been put under extract, and prob ably never will be—at least during the present generation. Hie East Tennessee and Virginia, and the East Tennessee and Georgia Roads, have been consolidated, and the stock is owned principally by a fo? pjen. How they came into possession of it, has neve? fcfPP very clearly understood, even by BQffie Ot the pioc^cy stockholders, and perhaps never \vill be. ljevertb|ejw» fiffi fqct remains. They have it; and we note, with softje jute rest, that the Road has been paying its debt long due tbe State, notwithstanding its reported bod condition and its depletion in the New York stock market. Tfca J^bt flue tbe United States boa not bp£# p*j J- Js pie United States, under a Republican udminKtr^- tion, a less accommodating creditor—less easily compounded with—than a State, repre sented by a Democratic Legislature ? How this may be, will one day be unfolded. One thing, however, will provoke present inquiry, and that is, how a Road can pay one creditor snch an enormous sum when it is represented to another creditor as unable to pay current running expenses, much less the interest upon the debt! This Road is an important link in tbo great Air Line route. It has been doing, and is still dojng a heavy business. The United States tamed it OYfiT the company in respectable condition, accepting a JegqJ. obligation for re fitting and stocking it after its desirnptj.CR by the casualties of war. That obligation has not their stock at mere nominal prices. The re sult is, somebody bus been smiled upon by tbe fickle goddess ; and tbe interesting process of nest-feathering has been so bc-muddled and mystified as that all feel secure. This cannot last long. The facts are coming out Time* Change, uud Men Chang* with Them. When Mr. Joshua Hill resigned his position os United State Congressman, in 1861, he evi dently thought the storm would blow over without any very serious consequences. So he took “middle ground.” He wonld not re main and represent his Union constituency, nor wonld he act with the Secessionists; he simply “resigned !** Two years afterward, he had,-it seems, some occasion to “modify” his views. Then it was that he publicly pro claimed his adhesion to the cause of the Con federacy, and uttered his hostility to Recon struction upon any basis. He was moreover a candidate for Governor under the Confederate Constitution; and if there was any real issue of a political uature between him and Gov. ernor Brown, it was that thn latter stood op- posea to conscription and the other orthodox measures of. the Richmond Government; whereas Mr. Hill stood committed to nothing, except eternal hostility the “Lincoln Govern ment,” and to Reconstruction upon any basis short of Independence! When the war closed, some friends interceded and had Mr. Hill relieved of his political disabilities, bnt not nntil after he had indicated a willingness to take the iron-clad Oath! The question arises, was Mr. Hill sincere in 1863, or was he sincere in his expressions of surprise that anybody should think him in capacitated for swallowing tho Iron Clad? Could he, in the very nature of things, have been a true blue Confederate in 1863, and yet an immaculate, simon pare Test Oath recipient two years later? If he was not sincere in 18G3, and meant not what he said in his letter addressed to CoL Adair and others, what evi dence Lave we oi this fact other than his readiness to swalllow the Test Oath ? Both declarations we believe were made in view of an office —the one nnder the Confederate, the other under the Federal Government! Mr. Hill is doubtless an honorable gentle man ; we woujd certainly insinuate nothing to the contrary; nevertheless Mr! Hill of 1863 does not well accord with Mr. Hill of 1866! An explanation seems necessary; and would suggest, most respectfully, that this might be made with great propriety at this time when that eccentric gentleman is being used as a decoy of the Democracy to defeat the consummation of the Reconstruction policy of Congress in Georgia. fraud uud dishonesty, the same may be said of all mere human legislation. But, if it came up to the good old Republican standard of “tbe greatest good to the greatest number,” then it was indeed a measure of which all Reisibiicans should justly feel proud. k The Southern F*»cIIIe Railway—General Fremont. I The passage by the Senate of Gen. Fremont’s Trans-continental Railway measure, known os the Southern Pacific Railroad hill, was a great triumph of the “ Pathfinder.” Gen. Fremont has always been a few years ahead of his party, if not of his times. He explored tbe Rocky Mountains, and pointed out the path connect ing the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, at a time when snch an enterprise was deemed not only impracticable, but perhaps impossible. Every intelligent school-boy has read, with breath- tess-inlerest, the thrilling account* or timt noted exploration. It placed Gen. Freni prominently before the world as a man of science and unswerving fortitude. A few years afterwards, he appeared as a member of the United States Senate, representing a con stituency os intelligent and progressive as any in America. Ho next appeared as the National staml&rd-bearer of the Republican party, and this at a time when it oost something to be a Re publican. Tbe campaign of 1866, will long be remembered for its bitterness of invective and- its acrimony of discussion; but Gen. Fremont not only combined the entire strength of his party iu the Northern and Middle States, but called to bis standard some of the staunchest men of Western Virginia, Eastern Tennessee, and the mountain districts of Kentucky and Arkansas, ginoo than, be has been engaged principally in Railroad enterprises, except du ring tbe war, when he appeared aa a military leader in behalf of the Union aud the cause which he represented in 1856. ^'Allied with the Southern people by marriage, representing the popular political sentiment of the North, and thoroughly familiar with the Great West, both as respects its topography and its people, be seems eminently fitted for the great project of connecting by railway the Southern and Middle States of the Union with the fertile re gions of the Southern Pacific slope. Regarded as the gre^t (political) enemy of Die South in 1856* he now assumes the attitude of her greatest beuf.fqcftrj qnd U)e tinje will prol^a- bly come when the greatest admirers of the late Thomas H. Benton, will recognize, not a sec tional politician, but a most efficient benefac tor and friend in the person of his son-in-law. Souther** Society. Appleton’s Journal is publishing a series of “Southern sketches." These articles are il lustrated, aud deal entirely with the gro tesque, and broadly comic peculiarities of the Southern people. This is all very well in its place. Fools only are so unhappily constitu ted as to be nnable to enjoy a laugh at their own expense. But there are some fea tures of Southern society which would be more attractive to cultivated readers, aud convey a more correct idea of this section. The peculiar civilization of tho South has been swept away by tbe crimson tide of a mighty revolution, but certain landmarks still remain, and these should be photographed for tbe benefit of posterity. Among our hills aud valleys, linger traces of a stately in*® mid refinement that wonld n the proudest courts of the Christian world; female loveliness that would ^grace the most brilliant circles and excite the admiration of princes and conrtiers; ^nd in our State, on her war-worn plains, and her most obscure villages, may be seen e donees of aesthetic taste, equal, if not snperi or, to anything produced by the hot-house civ ilization of the old world. But these are* the features of our inner life. They do not court the glare of publicity; and the great outer world forms its judgment of our society from the car icatures going the rounds of the press. Since the war, there has been more travel along'our Southern Railroad lines than ever before, and it is gratifying to note the result The North ern press show a more appreciative sense of the better characteristics of oar social and mental life. Europe is beginning to do us justice. Our readers will recollect the hand some compliment paid to Southern gentlemen by Disraeli, in “Lothoia" These are trifles, but they indicate the current of public opinion. Oar people will find that the safest and surest way to win a just and enduring appreciation^ is to avoid idle repinings, petulent complaints, and loud self-assertion, and quietly, but earn estly Urn the life they have so proudly claused as their own. The lluninteail Law. All civilized countries that have passed through tbe ordeal of a civil war, whose in dustrial bare been long held in abey ance, or temporarily jfcygHgred by invasion, have found it necessary to enact itelief laws. Such measure? proceed upon the hypothesis that the prime necessities of the citizen, aud his duties to his family and to his country, rise above the literal enforcement of mere per sonal obligations. In ease of invasion, the citizen has no choice between an obligation dne a creditor, and that due his Government The behests of the latter are imperative; they most be obeyed at all hazards; and this ren ders him finable to promptly fulfill an obliga. turn of a commercial nature,, at least until af ter he shall have first discharged the obliga tion imposed by hia allegiance. And when tho exigencies pass away, they often leave the citizen in a condition wholly unable to meet his personal obligations, previously held in abeyance. In a state of war, the consumers a^e i$creaae4 wbi) e the producers are dimin ished. ft is tho office of war jq ejestroy, father than to produce; fq demolish, to impoverish, and to disable; and when it passes over, it leaves the country desolate, its labor dispers- p4 pr disabled, and its commerce prostrate. This w iJBiqeggy case in Georgia, af ter the close of the war of Stpcssjqn; qn;], jf there ever was a country on tho face of the earth whoso inhabitants needed relief! it was Georgia. The Republican members of the State Constitutional Convention fully real ized this fact, and among their first ordinances was one providing ter the relief of the people. This was approved by tho District Comman der, and promptly followed np by a clause in the proposed Constitution providing for a Homestead—thus throwing around tho citi zen a safeguard to the little that was left him by the war. Tho subsequent measures, in the form of stay-laws, looked to tho same result— ,the relief of tbe people who were in no way responsible for the fratricidal strife wrought by mere professional politicians. It was a meas ure of the Peoplo. emanating from the People, and designed for the relief of the masses as against the enactions of the fortunate few. If jt brought into existence exceptional cases of Around the ’World. A child recently died in Jersey City ot chol era infantum. Three physicians who refused to attend it were not held responsible. Mr. Morris, the American Minister, created quite a sensation at a Turkish reception by aj pearing in a plain black suit New York is to have a new High School, lb which $33,500 has been appropriated by the Board of Education. The female teachers of New York very prop erly ask to have their salaries increased to the male standard. The Journal of Commerce has an indignant protest against the anti-Chinese immigration heresy. , i The gas having gone ont .at an evening prayer meeting, in an Indiana church, the cop- ;atian were very much scandalized by Y ine%cieni auditor, who deepened th( sol im of the occasion by whistling “Shoo Fly.” While a funeral service was progressing iu Newark a day or two since, the floor gave way and precipitated mourners, corpse and all into the room below. The coffin was broken open, women shrieked and fainted, and the uproar was intense. Reports of college commencements should be written legibly, last the word “alma mater. often used in snch reports, should be mistaken by the compositor for “Alum Water,” as re cently happened within our knowledge.—Rich mond Whig. The average number ot persons living in a single house in London is 8, iu Berlin 32, in Paris 35, in St. Petersburg 52, and iu Vienna 55. For every 1,000 inhabitants the average annual mortality in London is 24, in Berlin 25, in Pfcris 29» in SL Petersburg 41, and iu Vi enna 47. The Chinese Embassy, at last accounts, was in Florence, Italy. There it attracted very little attention, save from the carions rabble The importance with which it was accredited everywhere while Mr. Burlingame was at it. head seems to have faded ont of sight It will go home shortly by the nearest root Cincinnati is a growing city indeed. She has 35 insurance companies, 76 jewelry estab lishments, 700 retail grccers, 37 large restau* rants, 130 dry.goods shops, 300 shoe stores, 63 coal yards,* 170 candy shops, 72 pork p&ck- eries, 140 clothiug firm3, pfiqtjijg offices, 117 drag renders, and 950 liquor salooqs I In his Fourth of July oration at Boston, William Everett called New York the third (he should have said second) largest German city in the world, the largest Irish city in the world, the largest African-Ethiopian city in the world, and the largest American city in the world, all combined in one. As to the African- Ethiopian pppnjqtioji, }{r. gyprpte Ja also mis taken* Almost any Southern city hpkt us in that respect, Jacob Smith, a negro boy, publishes at Princess Anne, McL, „a paper printed with a pen, on ordinary foolscap paper. It is sent to subscribers for $1 a year in advance. Tbe “printing” is very well done, the letters being more of the Italian than the Roman style. The paper is made np of original and selected matter, the original matter being entirely furnished by Smith. He gets out a copy every day, printing with & pen even the ad vertisements. We remember of a paper exe cuted in a similar manner, which T. J. Sutherland issued from a Canadian jail many years ago. *; Chinaman in Paris keep within doors, fear ing retaliation for the Pekin massacre. A young mqn named McCrw at I^ouisvijlp, went to his father’s resi4cnce a day or two since, and hanging his hat on the rack, delib erately drew forth a pistol and blew out his brains. New Orleans papers deny that there is either cholera fir yellnir fever in tliftt City. m Visitors to Saratoga should be careful. A New York lady has just died from a cold caught while passing from one hotel to another in a low necked dress and thin slippers. The race of the yatchts Dauntless and Can^ bria across the ocean is causing much excite ment, and large amounts of money are pond ing on the result It is understood that when the yachts arrive nearly all the craft of the New Yo rk Yacht Club and numerous excur sion steamers will proceed to the lightship oft' Sandy Hook to extend them a welcome. In the wag6ni made tho Pauqtlosa js ft? ^vorite at slight odds. A gentleman who is making a flying trip iu Ireland draws a dismal picture of tho condi tion of that country. Palaces and huts abound, bnt a comfortable farm-house of the American pattern is not to be found in a day's journey, He stepped iuto a school of some forty chil dren, in the Black Valley, and, iu the midst of his talk with the children, asked them what they expected to do wheu they became men and women, and with one inspiration, iu con cert, they responded, “Go to America.” They have undertaken to euro the social evil in New York by inviting the fallen women to cat strawberries and cream at tbe “Minnight Mission,” and listen to addresses by good peo pie. Tbe experiment, so far, has not been en couraging. The girls eat up the berries, ad journ for a drink, and return for another dish. After tbe berries und addresses were ex hausted, most of them resort to a notorious house in the neighborhood and dance until morning. The New Orleans Republican says: “It is. estimated that it costs thirteen cents to pro duce a pound of cotton, against sixteen cents just after tho war. There is still a profit of $31 50 per bale of 450 pounds, or $90,000,000 on a crop of 3,000,000 bales. This is exclu sive of transportation to the seaboard aud tbe charges of middlemen. A correspondent of tbe Philadelphia Post states that in Pennsylvania there is a criminal aud pauper population of about 25,000, ninety per cent, of which has been brought to degra- tion and want by intemperance. The revenue of the Commonwealth derived annally from liquor licenses is about $420,000, while the annnal cost to the people of the State for sup porting criminals and paupers, made such by intemperance, is about $2,520,000. A ridiculous paragraph is going the rounds of the papers'that a subterranean outlet has been found to the Great Salt Lake. The atory is of a vast malestrom, from which a schooner with great difficulty escaped. Were there an outlet, it wonld be impossible for the lake to remain salt; as the water flowing into it is fresh. All lakes whose only outlet is by evaporation are salt, while those which have an outlet al ways are aud must be fresh. Captain Mayne Reid is about undergoing a difficult aud dangerous surgical operation, necessary to save his life. Some Cherukees have gone to Gadsden Alabama, to point oat some lead mines that they worked beiore they were removed. There are 1,964 Justices of the Peace in Boston. The King of Burmah, who is known as his Golden-Footed Majesty! is sending & represen tative to visit England, France, Germany, Turkey and Rome. Persona who prater stale bread can have their taste gratified by sending to Pompeii, where they have loaves which were baked over eighteen hundred years ago. The largest chestnut tree in Pennsylvania stands on the grounds of the Bethlehem Iron Company. It measures twenty-four feet in circumference one foot from the ground. The body of ex-manager James W. Lingard, the actor and former manager of the old Bow ery Theater, New York, has been found in the North River. Edwin Booth has suffered another sad af fliction. A child was born to him last Sunday ’ght, but it was dead before morning. His >hngwiic~howliesdangetouslv ill, and there are serious fears for her recovery. Mr. Booth’s first wife died a few months after her marriage.—Boston Post Oor. Mr. Greeley’s health is almost restored.— He spent the Fourth on his farm, studying cabbages and looking after the cattle. Mr. Greeley is now as good a judge of cabbages as yon could find in the United States, and he is so modest that he never takes any pride in his accomplishment. It is quite remarkable. Boston Post Cor. A Texas editor has had presented to him, by his admiring lady readers, an embroidered shirt, which presents a pictorial history of the State, including the Mexican war. The edi tor wears the shirt outside of his coat, and wherever he goes ho is followed by crowds of admiring boys studying from the back of it the fine arts and booking themselves in Texas pol itics. The estate of the late Albert D. Richardson, which is situated at Woodaide, New Jersey, was recently sold by order of the Court of Chancery in Essex county. The sale was made on behalf of Mrs. McFarlnnd-Richard- son, and of the children of the deceased. The Hot Springs, Arkansas, Courier an nounces that “there is a gentleman now at Rockport having recorded papers connected with a lately discovered claim to the Hot Springs property. It is said this claim de scends from the Spanish Crown, and bears date of 1805. The records qf the claim cover QY?r hundred pages, American stndeqts qre rapidly increasing in the universities of Europe. At present over four thousand of our young countrymen are studying in the most famous colleges of the Old World. Whether these graduates will outstrip in the race for honor, fame and riches the scholars of the home institutions it will require a generation to fairly decide. But* we ftajl sooq bqye qrqajjg qs a lqrge qmqber of young men trained in what are reputed to be the best schools in existence. How the pre cepts there taught are to be brought to bear hn American life, thought,progress, and hab its, is what onr European graduates must teach us. A few days since, says the Springfield Re publican, an artist of a New York illustrated paper visited North Adams to make a sketch of the coolie shoemakers. He went through the establishment and made a drawing of the various workrooms, and afterward at the din ner hour he undertook to sketch the Orientals while partaking of their noonday meal.— YVhile absorbed in this, unknown to himself, lje was handsomely caricatured by one of the artistic Chinamen, who, by somo means, had discovered the purpose of fte sdrqqgeris visit. The sketch was very clever, and disclosed tho fAct that the new bootmakers are possessed of accomplishments not before suspected. Tho correspondent of a Chicago paper do-f scribes tho Washington College coxninepce? uicut in a very ridiculous manner. He ridi- cilcs Virginia’s ladles and gentlemen, their appearance and pronuciation. Judging from the style of his letter, we feel warranted in as serting that tho people he ridicules, could teach him more about propriety, decency and politenesss, than he ever inherited or ac quired, has tho good taste to appreciate, or the sense to comprehend. _ Negro minstrels have very little respect for anything. They have appropriated the name of the most ancient of the Chinese gods. We allude to Fli-SUu. .iu qld mail} jn Indiana has revealy-ttye pet cats. Her felines can be better imagined than described. _ In France a prize is given every year to the most virtuous woman. That is tike “painting the lily, or gilding refined gold." The Georgia. Bill. We extract from tbe Globe tbe short debate on tlie Georgia bill in the Senate. After being taken up by a vote of 29 yeas to 2; nays, the bill wus referred to a Committee of Conference. Tbe managers on tbe part of tbe Senate, are Senators Howard, Hamlin Thurman. On the part of the House, Repre sentatives Butler, Paine aud Farnsworth: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques tion is on the motion of the Senator from Michigan, that the Senate proceed to the con sideration of the Georgia bill. The question being put, there wei division—ayes 23, noes 25. Mr. SPENCER called for the yeas and nays and they were ordered. Mr. MORTON. I desire to make one state ment. The Legislature of Georgia met, as I am advised, on Tuesday, according to a prior adjournment, and then adjourned over ^ again until next Monday, awaiting the action of Congress. It is very important to that State to have it decided one way or the other, that we act upon it. We onglitnot tc trifle With the interest of a great State, or even with a State Legislature. Mr. THURMAN—The Senator from Indiana says that the Legislature of Georgia has ad jourued over from time to time awaiting tho action of Congress, as I uuderstc^J him. What, reason have they to adjourn from time to time to await our action? What action of ours is there that the Legislature has any such, in terest in that it must maintain its session? I am not aware of anything; I do not know any thing that it can be adjourning over from day to day lor, unless it is to pass a law postponing the election in Georgia and seeking by usurpation to perpetuate its power. That is the only rea son I can see why that Legislature has not ad journed and gone home long ago. Mr. MORTON. One word in answer to the Senator. Tho Senator cannot see why fte Legislature of Georgia is awaiting tho action of Congress. I am somewhat surprised at that If wo admit Georgia, theu tho Legislature of Georgia can proceed to general legislation for the benefit of that State, of which it stands greatly in need. H wo fail to admit Georgia, that Legislature adjourns sine die, or depends entirely upon the will of the military com mander of that State. And yet the Senator cannot aee why the action of that Legislature depends upon our action! It seems to mo it is very apparent. Mr. TRUMBULL. It is very desirable, in my judgment, to dispose ot the Georgia matter. I should be very glad indeed if there could be some understanding by which it could be disposed of! But it is in a shape now that there is no understanding, I think, in the Senate. The bill, in its present shape, has not been referred to any committee. It tho object is to take itnp and refer it to some committee, to see if we cannot come to some understanding and avoid a general debate and controversy here again, it might be well enough to do it; but if the idea is to bring it np, as things now are, we are right at the threshold of tho same questions we have had before. I said a moment ago that the _ bill which lias como from the House is unlike the bill the Honso first passed; it is unlike the bill the Senate passed; it is a new proposition.-— The Senator from Vermont who is not in his seat [Mr. Edmunds] suggested that it was a very singular parliamentary proceeding, that the House of Representatives departs from its first bill entirely and refuses to agree to the Senate amendment and sends a different prop osition. No one is more anxious that I am for the early admission to representation of all the States in the Union, and I have regretted ex ceedingly the controvesy that has arisen in re gard to Georgia. If there were some way by which this bill could bo got into a shape that wonld unite our frinds upon it I should be very glad indeed to have it resorted to; but uuilcitrakc to n«:t upon a 1)111 that IS likely to lead to debate, that is construed in two ways, in my own judgment it is very clear what the law is, but others do not agree with me, to take the bill np in this unsettled condition of things, I think would lead to no good at this hoar of tho afternoon. It certainly cannot pass this afternoon unless we come to some understanding in reference to it in advance, and so far as I kn6w there is none. The present bill has not been referred, and no com mittee has considered it That is tho reason I vote against taking it up this afternoon, though I am very anxious to dispose of the question. The question being token by yeas and nays, resulted—yeas 29, nays 25. Au Artistic Picture. Parson Caldwell is sometimes very happy in his personal delineations. In his article of yesterday he thus happily portrays the strik ing characteristics of his friend John E. Bry ant - We have rarely met with a more accurate description: There is, however, a pretty large class of ad venturers, fortune hunters, interlopers, polit ical empirics, who richly deserve our censures. Much of the disquiet which has existed in certain localities here and there throughout the South, has been occasioned by them. They came here, using the most offensive language, and acting in the most repulsive manner to ward the peoplo of the South, assuming* to be tbe conquerors, boasting their superiority, and using snch expressions as “ rebels," loyalty,” “equality,” on purpose deceive tho ignorant, and ascomplish their infamous designs. They in gratiated themselves into the confidence of the colored people. They ate and slept with them, and on all occasions sought their com- >any. They pursuaded them that the people lere, especially the old slaveholders, were their mortal enemies. They told them that the white people of the South could not be trusted, that even those who identified them selves with the national cause, and with their own party organizations, would betray and deceive them. They made many false prom ises to them in order to secure their votes. This class of men have kept np, all through the Southern States, almost constant strife and con* tention, and have been qn obstruction, rather than q real help, ft ft® cause of reconstruction. They have caused many good and true men in the South to keep aloof from tho movement, by their connection with it, and the shape they endeavored to give it They have, conse quently, provoked many of the disturbances which have been represented all over the country as evidences of a goncrnl spirit of in subordination among the people of the Sontb. We neither defend nor excuse any violence for opinion’s sake. From what we know of these men, however, we are certain that they have occasioned some of the serious troubles which have been pictured to Northern minds os great horrors, aud which were intended to prove that they sliadowed forth the spirit of tho pie generally. After tho inauguration of Grant, many of these political exotics rushed to Washington and claimed the best Federal ap pointments ns the reward of their sufferings and labors in the cause. There were thirty or forty of them from Georgia. They swarmed about the different departments, each boasting the superiority of his own claims and detract ing fromjthe merit of others; sometimes ac cusing one another, and putting in false and slanderous charges against those who seemed likely to be preferred to themselves. Never was there a spot an earih whoro human nature might be studied under more varied phases 1 never was there a place where it pre sented more repulsive aspects. Sometimes a dozen or more would band together, agree among themselves who should have this, who that, and who some other place, and having thus divided tho spoils among themselves, they would concentrate their strength In se s curing the influence of some Congressman, and then lay aiege to the different depart ments, Day after day, week after week, they hung about the ante-rooms, watching every movement and ready to make some scandalous attack upon a rival applicant. The scramble, the importunity, the eager, restless movements, the downright meanness displayed by this crew of desperate political fortune hunters, became disgusting tqyond the power of language to portray. The offi- fials at the different departments were sickeu- pd by them, and the yery mention qf a Q«V- tpan, when associated with them, became qdious. Comparatively few of them received appointments. A Wisconsin gentleman, who sat down off a bee-hive, calls that institution the “seat of war." THE NATIONAL FINANCES. Tlio Currency Bill a* Panaed—Additional Iague of Fifty-four Million Dollurx-ItK Dirttrilmtion—Additional Bnnkine Fa cilities, Etc., Etc. * Washington, July a—Tho Currency Bill as reported by the conference committee, agreed to by both houses, and signed by the Presi dent to-day, reads as follows: Bo it enacted, etc., That fifty-four millions of dollars in notes for circulation may be is sued to National Banking Associations in ad dition to the three hundred millions of dollars authorized by the twenty-second section of- tho “Act to provide a national currency so- cured by a pledge of United States bonds, and to provide for the circulation and re demption thereof,” approved June 3, 1864; aud the amount of notes so provided shall be furnished to banking associations organized or to be organized in those States and Terri tories having less than their proportion under the apportionment contemplated by the pro portion of the “act to amend an act to pro- ride a national currency secured by a pledge of United States bonds, and to provide for the circulation and redemption thereof," aproved March 3, 1865, and the bonds deposited with the Treasurer of the United States to secure the additional circulating notes herein author ized shall be of an^ylescription of bonds ol the United,, ^Wates beariug interest in coin; but n new apportionment of tbe increased circulation herein pro vided for, shall be made os soon as practica ble, based upon the census of 1870; provided, that if applications for the circulation herein authorized shall not be made within one year after tho passage of this act, by banking asso ciations organized, or to be organized, in States having less than their proportion, it shall be lawful for the Comptroller of the Cur rency to issue such circulation to banking associations applying for tho same in other States or Territories haying loss than their proportion, giving the preference to such as have the greatest deficiency; and provided further, that no banking association hereafter organized shall have a circulation in excess of five hundred thousand dollars. Sec. 2. Ana be it further enacted, JThat at the end of each month, after the passage of this act, it shall be the the duty of the Comp troller of the currency to report to the Secre tary of the Treasury the amount of circulating notes issued, nnder the provisions of the pre ceding sections, to national banking associa tions during the previous month; whereupon the Secretary of the Treasury shall redeem and cancel an amount of the three per centum temporary loan certificates, issued nnder tho acts of March 2, 1867, and July 25, 1868, not less than the amount of circulating notes so reported, and may, if necessary, in order to pro cure the presentation of such temporary man certificates for redemption, give notice to the holders thereof, by publication or otherwise, that certain of said certificates (which be designated by number, date and amount) shall cease from and after a day to be designated in such notice, and that the certificates so desig nated shall no longer bo available as any por tion of the lawful money reserve in possession of any national banking association; and after the day designated in such notico no interest shall be paid on such certificates, and they shall not, therefore, be counted as a part of the reserve of any banking association. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That upon the deposit of any United States bonds, bear ing interest in gold, with the Treasurer of tho United States, in the manner prescribed in the nineteenth and twentieth sections of the na tional currency act, it shall be lawful for the Comptroller of the Currency to issue to the association making the same, circulating notes of different denominations not less Ilian five dollars, not exceeding in amount eighty per centum of the par value of the bonds deposited, which notes shall bear upon their face the promise of tho association to which they are issued'to pay them, upon presentation at the office of the association, in^ gold coin of $he United States, and shall bo redeemable upon such presentation in such coin : provided, that no banking association organized under this section shall have a circulation in excess of one million of dollars. Sec. 4 And bo it farther enacted, That every national banking association formed under the provisions of the preceding section of this act shall at all times keep on hand not less than twenty-five per centum of its out standing circulation in gold coin of the United States, and shall receive at par in the payment of debts the gold notes of every other such banking association which at the time of such payments shall be redeeming its circulating notes in gold coin of the United States. Sec. 5. And be it farther enacted. That every association organized for the purpose of issuing gold notes as provided in tiffs ac^ shall be subject to all the requirements and provi sions of the national currency act, except the the first clause of section twenty-two, which limits the circulation of national hanking asso ciations to three hundred millions of dollars; the first clause of section thirty-two, which taken in connection with the preceding section, wonld require national banking associations organized in the city of San Francisco to re deem their circulating notes at par in the city of New York; and tho last clause of section thirty-two, which requires every national bank ing association to receive in payment of debts the notes of every other national banking asso ciation at par; provided, that in applying the provisions and requirements of said act to the banking associations herein provided for, the terms “lawful money” ancf“lawful money of the United States," ahall be held and con strued ft mean gold W silver coin of the United States.. Sec. 6. And he it further enacted, That to secure a* more equitable distribution of the na. tional banking currency, tkere may be issued circulating notes to banking associations or ganized in States and territories haring loss than their proportion os herein set forth. And the amount of circulation in this section au thorized shall, under the direction of the Sec retary of the Treasury, as it may be required for this purpose, bo withdrawn, as herein pro vided, from banking associations organized in States having a circulation exceeding that pro vided for by tha act entitled “an aot to amend an act entitled < an act ft provide for a nation al banking currency secured by pledgo of United States bonds and to provide for the circulation and redemption thereof,”’ approv ed (March 3,1865, but the amount so with drawn shall not exceed twenty-five million dol lars. The Comptroller of the Currency shall, undr the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, make a statement showing the amount of circulation in each State and Ter ritory, and the amount to be retired by each banking association in accordance with this section, and shall, when such redistribution of circulation is required, make a requisition for such amount upon snch banks, commenc ing with the banks having a circulation ex ceeding one million of dollars in States having an excess of circulation, am] withdrawing their circulation in excess of one million of dollars, and then proceeding pro raft with other banks haring a circulation exceeding three hundred thousand dollars in States having the largest excels of circulation, and reducing the circula tion of such banks in States having tbe great est proportion in excess, leaving undisturbed the hanks in States haring a smaller propor tion, until those in greater excess have been reduced to the same grade* and continuing thus to make tffe reduction provided for by this act until tho full amount of twenty-five millions, herein provided for, shall be with drawn; and the circulation so withdrawn shall bo distributed among the States and Terri tories having less than their proportion, so as to equalize the same. Aud it shall be the duty of the Comptroller of the Currency, under tho direction of (ho Secretary of the Treasury, forthwith ft make a requisition for the amount thereof upon the banks above in dicated, as herein prescribed. And upon fail ure <5 such associations, v* an y of them, to return the amount so required within one year, it shall be the duty of tho Comptroller of the Currency to sell at public auc tion, having given twenty days notico thereof in one daily newspaper printed in Washington and one in New York city, an amount of bonds deposited by said association, as security for said circulation, equal to the circulation to be withdrawn from said association and not re turned in compliance with such requisition; aud tho Comptroller of the Currency shall with tho proceeds redeem so many of the notes of sfffd' banking association, as they come iuto the Treasury, as will equal the amount re quired and not so returned, and shall pay the balance, if any, to such bankiug association; provided that no ciiculation shall be with drawn under the provisions of this section un til after the fift3*-four millions granted in the first section shall have been token up. Sec. 7. And be it further enacted, That after the expiration of six months from the passage of this act any banking association lo cated iu any State having more than its pro- portion of circulation, may be removed to any State having less than its proportion of circu lation, under snch rules and regulations as the Comptroller of the Currency, with the appro val of the Secretary of the Treasury, may re quire; provided that the amount of the issue of said banks shall not be deducted from the amount of new issue provided for in this act. The following named States and Territories w ill.b<) entitled to the fifty-four million dollars additional circulation under the new currency act, m^the proportions below named: Virginia, $4,915,985; West Virginia, $457,- 750; Illinois, $1,079,572; Michigan, 9786,776; Wisconsin, $2,117,939; Iowa, $681,363; Kan sas, $174.712;Missouri, $3,000,412; Kentucky, $4,651,319; Tennessee, $4,331,759. Louisiana, $5,425,193; Mississippi, $2,980,- 470; Nebraska, $6,576; Georgia, $4,681*728; North Carolina, $4,098,628; South Carolina, $4,216,838; Alabama, $4,081,212; Oregon, $161,273; Texas, $2,032,194; Arkansas,.$1,- 455,519; Utah, $58,332; California, $1,717,- 388; Florida, $546,442; Dakota, $15,441; New Mexico, $277,939; Washington Territory, $47,180; total, $54,000,000. SUPREME COURT OF GEORGIA. June Term, 1*70. JOSEPH E. BROWN, C. J. H. K. McKay, 1 . „ . . Hiham Warner, j ‘^ ss0c ate-s * Order of Circuits with the number of cases from each— Blue Ridge Circuit 4 Western Circuit l Southern Circuit -2 Southwestern Circuit 17 Pataula Circuit 34 Chattahoochee Circuit 42 Macon Circuit 6 Flint Circuit 4 Tallapoosa Circuit 6 Atlanta Circuit 7 Rome Circuit 10 Cherokee Circuit. 6 Northern Circuit 8 Middle Circuit. 9 Ocniulgee Circuit 9 Eastern Circuit 6 Brunswick Circuit 5 DAILY PROCEEDINGS. Tuesday, July 12, 1870. The iollowingjudgments were rendered: B. G. Pool A O. H. Lufburrows, plaintiffs in error, vs. P. R. Lewis & B. J. Lewis, de fendants in error—caso from Bartow. Judg ment affirmed. The Selma, Rome and Dalton Railroad Company, plaintiff in error, vs. Nathaniel P. Harbin, defendant in error—motion to Set aside a judgment from Whitfield. Judgment reversed on the ground that tho Court below erred in refusing to set aside the judgment under the facts set forth iu the record. William Solomon, plaintiff in error, vs. the Commissioners of Cartersrillo, defendants in error—certiorari from Bartow. Judgment reversed on tho ground that the Court below erred in bolding and deciding that the Town Commissioners of Cartersville had the right to assess and collect tho tax on the property of Solomon as specified and set forth in the record under the pretended law of 1869. W. F. Hill, plaintiff in error, vs. T. B. Goolsby, defendant iu error—complaint from Oglethorpe. Judgment affirmed. George S. Rives, plaintiff in error, vs. Char ity Lawrence, defendant in error—equity from Hancock. Judgment affirmed. James Rushin, plaintiff in error, vs. J. R. Gance, defendant in error—illegality from Hancock. Judgment affirmed. Jeremiah Maxey, plaintiff’ in error, vs. A A. Bell, defendant in error—appeal from Court of Ordinary of Oglethorpe county. Judgment affirmed. S. H. Lane, plaintiff in error, vs. John R. Latimer—complaint from Hancock. Judg ment reversed on the ground that the Court below erred in charging the jury that th« plaintiff was not entitled to recover the money paid the defendant for the land upon the state ment of facts contained in the record. It be ing the opinion of this Court that if tlie defen dant repudiated the contract for the sale of the land on the ground of fraud, or mistake, that ho cannot retain the money paid him for the land under such void contract. Zachariah H. Clark, Trustee, plaintiff iu error, ys. Thos. B. Jennings, administrator— action on a note for slaves, from Oglethorpe. Judgment affirmed. •Tames T. Dillard, plaintiff in error, vs. the State, defendant in error—misdemeanor from Oglethorpe. Judgment affirmed. Pending argument in the case of Newton vs. Price—a continued oase from the Middle Circuit—the Court adjourned till 10 o’clock a. m,, to-morrow. Wednesday, July 13, 1870. Argument in the case of John H. Newton vs. Joshua R. Price, was resumed and con cluded. Messrs. Montgomery and Hook for plaintiff in error, and Messrs. Wright and Evans for defendant in error. No. 1, Middle Cirouit—Hama vs. Perril— complaint from Columbia—was withdrawn. No. 2, Middle Cirouit—Barlett vs. Russell - distress warrant from Augusta—was argued for plaintiff' in error by Col. W. W. Mont gomery, representing Frank H. Miller, Esq., and for defendant in error by General Henry W. Hilliard, representing A D. Picquet, Esq. No. 3, Middle Circuit—Hook and Glenn vm Adams, Administrator, et aL—dismissal of bill from Washington—was withdrawn. Pending argument in No. 4, Middle Cir cuit—Washington vs. Barnes—the Court ad journed till 10 a. in, to-morrow. Thursday, July 14. Oscar Reese, Esq., of Carrol ton, was admit ted to the Bar. Argument in No. 4, Middle Circuit—Wash ington vs. Barnes—was resumed and conclu ded, Gen, Henry W. Hilliard for plaintiff in error, and Mr. Gauahl for defendant in error. No. 5, Middle Circuit—Pettus vs. the State —false imprisonment from the City Court of Augusta—wag continued foi providential cause. No. G, Middle Circuit—Spires vs. Walker— otion to set aside a judgment from the City Court of Augusta—was argued for plaintiff iu error by Ccff. W. \Y. Montgomery, represent ing Frank H. Miller, Esq. _ No. 7, Middle Circuit—Bugg vs. Towner— ejectment from Richmond—was argued for plaintiff iu error by Judge Hook, and for de fendant in error by General Wrigbt. Fending, a motion to dismiss No. 8, the lost cause from the Middle Circuit—Cunningham et al vs, Schley et al—the court adjourned till X Ga'clook, a. xl, to-morrow. A Singular Foasll. The Ottumwa (Iowa) Courier makes n: ca tion of a remarkable geological discovery re cently brought to light in that vicinity. Dr. T. K. J. Elliott, formerly of Springfield.Mass., strolling about Ottumwa tbe other day, iu search of curiosities, dropped in to examine the foundation for a new mansion being built iu the upper l*irt ot the city. Bring son:.' what ol a geologist, the doctor examined closely the different strata from above down ward, aud in the bottom, some twenty-five feet from the original surface was found a mound of fossil leaves, bark, blades of grass, branches of trees, roots and ttogs ooYered with the usual clay shah s, sand, gravel and soil. The most >, - markable specimen is a fossil fish net, in the moat perfect preservation. Under a glass, the twist, the knots in the meshes, and the fibres of the texture the net is made of, are very beautiful. The substance iu which the net is imbedded looks exactly like pressed tobacco, anil burns radily, emitting a greasy odor. The distance from the place where the fossils were found to tho Des Moines river is about two hundred yards. This river is remarkable for its geological curiosities, but this fish net is the greatest as yet discovered, and shows veiy conclusively that this country has undergone grea: chauges. The bed of tbe river is con- stuntally changing; but these specimens were taken from very elevated situation. Dr. Elliott invites the attention of geologists to this mat- tor, and intends showing these specimens to Agassiz. Anthony Trollope says : “I do not compre hend the reason for the existence of so many women; although I suppose Providence had some wise end iu view, iu giviug to every man at least eight or ten women to choose from, when ho is about to select a wife."