The true citizen. (Waynesboro, Ga.) 1882-current, April 28, 1882, Image 3
3»t
Valuable Labor Statistics.
PITTSBURG.
WORKMEN AND WAGES.
Railroad and Miners’ Convention—Strike of
Moulders.
The railroad Coal Miners’ Conven
tion has concluded its work. During
the session a resolution was passed to
the effect that as rents and supplies of
all kinds had advanced in price, t
miners considered a reduction of wag'
unfair.
m
The President was instructed to
send to the several pits of the Pittsburg
district several resolutions for action'
thereon. These resolutions were, that
in consideration of there being no re
ductien from four conts per bushel for
mining, the miners agree not to strike'
for more than four cents nor for a
change in the present system of screen
ing or weighing coal, nor for a change
in the present method of paying wages-
until the average for mining in the
Kanawha, Hocking, Tuscarawas and
Mahoning Valleys is more than ninety
cents per ton, as at present computed
in those districts ; that this must be
ratified by two-thirds of the pits ; that
the votes on this shall be counted on
April 15th, and if declared carried by
the President the resolutions shall be
submitted to the employers. A con
vention of Ohio miners is to be called
to meet at Columbus, to elect State
officers and demand pay on the Pitts
burg plan. An Executive Committee
is to be appointed to uphold the four-
cent rate. The advisability of a cen
tral protective fund was suggested,
each miner to contribute twenty-five
cents a month to it. A greeting was
telegraphed to the striking Maryland
miners.
Baltimore, Md — A conference o^
miner and officers of coal companies
was held in this city, but no result
was reached other than that no other
miners will be employed on the Cum
berland mines for a period of sixty
days. Before that time it i3 expected
an agreement between the miners and
coal companies will be made
Paterson, N. J.—The moulders in
the Grant Locomotive Works struck
for an increase of twerity per cent, in
wages, and a general strike to-morrow
of all the moulders is anticipated, as
the Moulders Union some week® ago
agreed to demand the increase on
April 1st.
Washington.—The Preside
referred the petition of the employes
of the Government Navy Yards for a
strict enforcement of the Eig.lit-hour
law to Attorney General Beijrwster for
an opinion as to his powers fond duties
in tie premises. /
Wages in Dakota and Moihtana.
A correspondent of the/ New York
<Sun, writing from Fort KLeogh, Mon
tana, says: j
- Both skilled and unskill/ed labor are
eeded in this new counftry, and the
echanic or artisan, or /any man in
1 ^ i^ingl flnfk^mplovment in
tCeTflast, will here learn {W* truth of
that favorite aphorism “Time is
money.” The aveiage wages for farm
help and labor in Dakota^ui_1881 is
. as follows:
* Without board, per month 830.18
i With board, per month 19.55
Transient in harvest, without
board, per day... 2.53
Tiansieut in harvest, with
hoard, per day 2.15
Transient not in harvest, without
board, per day 1.42
-Transient Hot in harvest, with
board, per day 1.27
Carpentering, without board plr lay 2.72
Blacksmith ing, without board, per day.. 3.00
Wheelwrl^hting, without, board, per day, 2 00
Machine making, without board,
per day ~ .*• 3.58
8 hoemaking, without board, per day 2,00
The prices paid in Montana were as
follows:
Without board, per month 815.00
With board, per month 30.50
Transient in harvest, without
board, per day 2.67
lent in harvest with
board, per day - 2.25
Transient not In harvest, without
board, per day 1,83
Transient not in harvest, with
. board, per day 1.38
-Carpentering, without board per day 4.00
Biacksmithing, without board, per day.. 3.02
Wbeelwrlghilng, without board, per day, 4,19
Machine mail ing, without board, per day, 4.12
Shoeiwaklng, without board, per day 3.25
The above is the average wages for
1881. In tiie new towns of Bismarck,
Miles City and many others the labor
ing man has plenty to do at all seasons
of the year. There are no poor men
in this country excepting recent ar
rivals who have not yet had time to
make a start.
MaiiiaohuBetts Figures.
The State of Massachusetts main
tains at very considerable expense a
bureau for the collection of labor sta-
Gstics. Much valuable information is
Vhered by the bureau, but jmt a little
way into the bulky volumes which
it sends forth from time to time. In
matters of simple statistics there is
nothing to criticise in the reports,
save that sometimes too much is left
to estimate, in the same wsy that a
fancy farmer often measures the pro
duct of a phenomenal plant, or vine,
or bill of potatoes, and figures the
yield of an acre from that basis. The
latest volume issued by the bureau
deals with the three cotton manufac
turing centres of the State, Fall River,
Lowell and Lawrence. The following
table shows the nativity of operatives:
"a
Fall River. Lowell.
Lawrence.
Native
3,137 4,883
3,415
Foreign....
9,334 5,175
6,724
Totals....
12,471 10,058
9,139
The influx of French Canadians is
particularly complained of in Fall
River. lit the three cities there are
3084 operatives who can neither read
nor write. Of the 2494 of these to be
found in Fall River two-thirds were
Itorn in Canada and Ireland. Drunk
enness is everywhere prevelant. The
savings banks statements show as
rollo ws:
Fall River. Lowell. Lawrence.
Open accounts... 18,091 32,029 13,728
Deposits 87,832,629 811,043,240 81,609,372
Concerning the condition of the peo
ple tne report gives much praise to
Lowell and Lawrence, and speaks in
slighting terms of Fall River. It says:
“In many quarters visited by the
agents in Fall River they found much
misery, rarely meeting with happy,
contented people. In Lowell and
Lawrence it appears that even the
poorer class of help secures many of
the comforts of life. The reason for
this evidently lies in the fact that in
Lowell and Lawrence there is more
of the individual in labor and less of
the family. In Fall River entire fam
ilies work in the mill, and an obligar
tion in the lease of the mill tenements
requires the lessee to furnish a certain
number of people to the corporation as
employes. In many cases of this kind
the father and mother of the family
drink heavily, unmindful of the good
influence they ought to exert on their
children. The average wage in Fall
River is $9 a week.” The value of the
plant in the three cities is thus given :
Fall River. Lowell. Lawrence.
Machinery 812,193,900 80,179,800 83,740,475
Buildings 5,9sl,050 6,845,900 o>938,250
Water power
and land 2,572,050 3,108,641 1,458,400
Hints to Farmers.
Sand Farming
What is sand ? Writers differ so
much in their ideas of soils that it is
puzzling often to define their meaning.
Pure sand makes a poor soil, or no soil
at all, on which to attempt to grow any
kind of crop. Our common, sandy soil
contains more or less clay,and this it is
which gives them their capacity for
being improved or made productive.
The sand farming referred to by Mr.
Loomis is on sandy loam. Of this
soil there are grades : the lightest is a
quick, warm soil, and crops grown on
such mature early, while at the same
time they partake of the nature of the
soil; this gives to melons and similar
products their rich, delicate flavor.
These light and heavy sandy loam
soils are the be3t of all our arable soils
in New England for any crop we pro
duce. There are considerable tracts
where,a few years since,a person could
buy any quantity for three to ten
doll irs per acr H , which, rightly han
dled, are very productive of all kinds
of crops ; but they need constant ma
nuring, to which they are very sensi
tive, showing its effects, in the crops,
quicker than heavier soils. Some of
these lands will now command a price
from ten to fifty times as high as
twenty years since.
Greenhouse and Window Plants.
J
: vl
has
-At is calculated to inislea
inds its
Total 820,700,000 816,131,661 89,143,125
The death rate in Fall River is larger
than in the other cities and the aver
age age at time of death is alao lowest
there. The marriage rate is also low
est in Fall River, while the birth rate
is greater than in Lawrence and less
than in Lowell. Fall River is, as re
gards its mill population, a city of ten
ement houses; Lowell, one in which
there is nearly an equality between the
tenement and boarding houses, while
in Lawrence the “home,” as distinct
from either the tenement or boarding
house, is pre-tmiuent. The report
states that there are no trades-unions
in Lawrence connected with the mill
operatives, and that no strikes are
necessary. Mauy interviews are given
to show that the relations of operatives
employers are very cordial, and
^ iort of mild manufacturing
millenium reiges there. Singularly
enough the report was still damp from
the hands of the printer when the
present extensive strike began in
Lawrence.
“Ths
laii^Fi
^^b
^*‘1 dc
Settling a Point.
He Missed That.
Just before the Michigan Third In
fantry entered upon the red-hot fight
at Fair Oaks, a private in one of the
companies stepped forward to his
captain and said:
“Captain, are we going to sail in ?”
'‘I expect we are.”
“And some of us will get killed.”
“Like as not.”
“ThiA I’d like to speak to the chap-
minute.”
hat for?”
don’t feel prepared to die, cap
tain.”
“But you can’t leave your com
pany.” You must take your chances
whether you are prepared or not.
That’s what you enlisted for.”
“Y-e-s, I ’spose so,” draped the
man as he craned his neck to^ >ok for
rebels down in the woods, “and I was
just fool enough to diskiver that Un
cle Sam didn’t care a copper where I
went to after I’d been shot out of his
service! You bet he doesn’t get any
more recruits from our town till that
point is settled i”
Stylish contrasts for bonnets are
Holbein green with pale blue, celadon
with rose, opal with olive, and salmon*
pink with gjUtikldue.
The increasing sun will bring many
plants into flower, and at the same
time encourage the insects, for the
treatment of which quite full Notes
were given in December last. Free
use of tobacco smoke or tobacco water,
where it is convenient to use smoke,
will destroy many. A small collection
of plants, tended by one really fond of
them, may be kept tree of insects by
mere “thumb and flngtr work.” Daily
examination, the use of a stiffish brush
like an old tooth-brush, and a pointed
stick to pick off mealy bugs and scale,
will keep insects from doing harm.
Neglect to examine in time, and nip I
the trouble in the bud, is the cause of
much of the difficulty. More water will
be needed by plants in bloom and
making their growth. Bulbs, if any
remain in the cellar, may be brought
to the heat and light. When the flow
ers fade on the earlier ones, cut away
the stalk and let the leaves grow on ;
when they begin to fade, dry off the
bulbs, which may be planted in the
garden afterwards.
The Hessian Fly.
The pest of the wheat plant is now
operating destructively in many parts
of the country. We hear of it in Mich
igan, Wisconsin, Canada, New York,
onio Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Ken-
tuc».j , and localites between. It is a
small, two-winged fly, which lays eggs
upon the leaf of the wheat in August
or September. These eggs hatch iuto
small white grubs, which descend to
the base of the stalk, and there suck
the juices, causing the Wheat to turn
yellow, or die. Soon after the grubs
change to pupce, vary similar in color
and shape to a flax seed, and these re
main until spring, when they change
to a mature fly. The fly then deposits
eggs in May, but the lame is too late
to do much injury to the wheat. The
“flax seed” condition is entered in
June, and in Jufjtthe second brood of
flies appear. The remedies are burn
ing the stubbles immediately after
harvest, or plowing them under deeply
so as to destroy the pupae which may
be in hiding; to sow late in the
Northern States, so that the flies may
have laid their eggs before wheat ap
pears above ground ; rolling the young
wheat, by which the maggots are kill
ed, and generally by good cultivation
and fertilizing to stimulate the wheat
so as to enable it to resist the damage
A House for 200 Fowis.
To accommodate 150 to 200 fowls, it
would be best to have two houses, or
rather one so divided in the middle as
to make two, with a door at each end.
A very cheap and good house may be
made of boards; 4feet high at the back,
10 feet in front, 16 feet wide, and 36 feet
long. The roosts should be made at
the rear, and in thv form of a ladder
sloping back from the floor to the roof.
In the middle there may be a room for
nest boxes. If the front, which should
face the South, is of glass, it will be
much improved. As large a yard as
possible may tye provided, and fenced
with lath, so that the fowls may be
kept in when desirable. The materials
for such a house need not cost more
than $20, and $12 additional for sash
fAhe front.
Questions About Eggi and Fow’,
Manitoba. We do not belt^j
the reports currentabout extraordinary
production of eggs. Yet It may easily
be true that a hen of the non-sitting
breech may lay an egg every day for a
long period. The Black Spani.-h hens
often d* this, and w r e have personally
known one to lay two eggs in one day,
but there was none the next day. Hens
cannot well cover goose eggs and keep
them warm ; they are too large. If
the bottom of the nest is made warm
with down or feathers, a lieu may
probably keep six of these eggs warm
enough. A young bird needs no help
to get out of the shell, unless it is very
weak, in which case it is about ax well
for it to remain there, as it would prob
ably fail to thrive. If the chicks
should need any help, this can be very
easily given when an incubator is
used. Light Brahma chicks, when
newly hatched, are all white ; Dark
Brahmas are black and brown; Plym
outh Rocks are black and yellow, and
Black-red Games are black and yellow,
oi brownish.
Celery.
Probably in no vegetable cultivated
has the variety so much to do with
success as celery. Our own experience,
and that of scores of our immediate
neighbors, is that nearly all the giant
or tall-growing kinds are unprofitable
to raise. Not only does their culture
entail twice the labor, but they are
almost always wanting in solidity and
flavor. While some hun Ireds of acre3
of celery aie now grown for the market
of New York, the kinds are mainly
Half Dwarf and Dwarf Sandringham,
in the proportion of foul of the first to
one of the second. The Boston Market
variety has never been a favorite for
the New York Market, as its tendency
to throsv up suckers, or side shoots,
considered the merit of that variety in
Boston, makes it objectionable here.
Hood’s Dwarf Red is the best variety
of celery in cultivation, but the Ameri
can public, with few exceptions, will
not use red celery, while in England
it is highly valued, as it should be, for
it is not only much better flavored
than the white soits, but it keeps bet
ter, and surely, when used as an orna
mental vegetable, as celery often is, its
bright crimson and white color, make
it more attractive than the white.
Shortened Life in the
man Race.
Hu-
4
half
Pious Reflections.
The sphere in Christian duty is not
there nor yonder, but here, just where
you are.
Wisdom is beautiful, gain her my son,
Thou hast a treasury of wealth untold,
Far above rubies, diamonds, or gold;
She wili be sought of thee and wooed ere won
Give her thy heart, and she will lead thee on
To perfect peace and pleasures manifold ;
Blessings shall compass thee till thou art
old,
Aye, even till life’s latest hour has run.
immortal beauty is upon her face,
Her eyes are e’er toward the hea.enlyland,
True as the magnet her outstretched right
baud
Uner r lng points up to her native place.
Whate’er thy earthly lot, is Wisdom thiDe,
Thou hast indeed a heritage divine.
—JOHN ASKHAM.
It is the will of God that we should
in everything make our requests
known to him by prayer and suppli
cation ; not to inform or move him,
but to qualify ovrselves for the mercy.
The watermau in the boat, that with
the hook takes hold of the shore, doth
not thereby pull the shore to the boat,
but the boat to the shore; so in prayer,
we do not driw the mercy to our
selves but ourselves to the meny.—
Matthew Henry.
It is a little thing to speak a phrase
Of common comfort, which, by dally use,
Has almost lost its sense; yet on the ear
Of him who thought to die unmourned t’wlll
fall
Like choicest music, fill the glazing eye
With gentle tears, relax the knotted hand
To know the bonds of fellowship again.
—TALFOURD.
We all can set our daily deeds to the
music of a greatful heart, and seek to
round our Jives into a hymn — the
melody of which will be recognized by
all who come in contact with us, and
the power of which shall not be
evanescent, like the voice of the
singer, but perennial, like the music
of the^pherea.— William M. Taylor.
It is to help that Christ came. He
brought the love that kindles love.
He will raise us aa we will be raised.
We cannot sever the interests of Christ
from those of the world. There is
nothing that can be his without our
being the oetter for it. He asked noth
ing for himself that was not for us
alto.—J2ev. A. O. Lawson.
The maturity of man, calculated by
the completed condition of the skeleton
is twenty-one years. Twenty-one years
multiplied by five—105 years —is there
fore the natural duration of the life of
man on this estimate, and, with a cer
tain natural limited range, may be ac
cepted as the true and full duration.
But when the actual value of life is
taken it is found to present, in this
country, an average of forty-two years,
so that there are grand agencies at
work which are reducing the national
life to a very low value. If the in
quirer enter further into the matter
he will observe that the grand agencies
eading to this reduced value of life
must be in some way removable, be
cause they are not always in action
to reduce every form of life to
the same level of duration. He will
discover that the domestic auimals
which surround us, if we do not kill
them outright by hard labor, priva
tion or exposure to the vicissitudes of
seasons,are so much longer lived than
we are, that they exists, practically,
to their full term with as much exacti
tude as we exist to the first of our sec
ond stage of existence. Or, to put the
matter in another light, he will dis
cover that if our lower domestic ani
mals were to die in the same ratio that
that we die, their duration of life, as
it is now known, would be reduced
nearly to half what it is. The dog
would have an average term of eight
years, and other animals a similar re
duced term of life. Such observations
as these will lead the sanitarian to
find a uniform object in his labor. He
will ask what is the reason why man,
who holds all the knowledge and skill
above the brute creation, should have
so little control over his own destiny
that he cannot control it in respect to
health and life as well as the inferior
creature which, compared with him
self, has neither reason nor skill. He
will wonder in vain so long as he looks
simply at the general fact. He will
not wonder at all when he proceeds to
an analysis of all the details upon
which that general fact depends.
In the first place, he will learn from
an analysis of the data he may collect
that man is the subject of many more
diseases than the inferior animals are;
that he suffers from certain diseases
of the mind incidental to his posses
sion of a mental organization superior
altogether to theirs, and from which
diseases they are exempt; that he suf
fers from some diseases springing from
human vices from which the lower
animals are also exempt; that he suffers
from some contagious diseases from
which they are exempt; that he suf
fers from some diseases connected with
industrial pursuits from which they
are exempt; that he suffers from in
dulgences in certain luxuries of a
deadly kind from which they are ex
empt ; that he suffers from various ac
cidents from which they are exempt;
that he suffers from hereditary taints
of disease from which they are ex
empt.
During some recent excavations in
the neighborhood of Pompeii thirty
human skeletons were found. One of
them, which was lying at full length,
appeared to be grasping a purse, In
which were a gold coin, six silver and
ten bronze coins, ear-drops, pearls, and
engraved precious stones. Near the
other skeletons were found coins of
gold and silver belonging to the reign
of Galba, Tiberius, Nere, and Doml-
tian. Gold bracelets, ear-drops, pearls
and precious stones were found with
them.
A Few Modern Jokes.
How Luther Died.
At a young ladies’ seminary re
cently, during an examination in his
tory, one of the pupils was interrogated
thus: “Mary, did Martin Luther die
a natural death?” “No,” was the
reply he was excommunicated by a
bull.”
Do you know the latest erase,
Mary Ann, Mary Ann ?
Do yon know the latest erase,
Mary Ann?
It Is to spend your days
'Neath a big sunflower’s rays.
Or to sit up with a Illy,
Mary Ann.
The Dentist’s Mistake: Two women
called on a Maine dentist simulta-
neously, one to have all her teeth ex
tracted and the other only three. The
dentist mistakingly put the latter
under the influence of ether, and ren
dered her toothless. A jury will esti
mate the damage.
There is a young lady in Keokuk,
Iowa, who is six feet four inches tall,
and she is engaged to be married. Th
man who won her did it in these wor
“Thy beauty sets my soul agio
wed thee, right or wrong; man
but little here below, but wan
little—-long.”
CoL-jNgersoH’s father was
terian Jlirgymau who had t
of preatfdng from 1 o’clock
down oh a stretch,
surprised at the cou