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THE ATLANTA GEORGIAN AND NEWS: THURSDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1911.
11
PEACE IS THE KEYNOTE OF PRESIDENT TAFT’S MESSAGE
Continued from Opposite Page.
lotion of Its provisions have terminated
on July IT, 1»U. Japan’s General treaties
with the other powers, however, terml-
nated In 1»11, and the Japanese Govern
ment expressed nn earnest desire to con
duct the negotiations for a new treaty
with the United States simultaneously
with Its negotiations with the other pow
er*. There were a number of important
nucstlons Involved in the tTeaty, Includ
ing the Immigration of laborers, revision
of the customs tariff, and the right of
Americans to hold real estate In Japan,
The United States consented to waive
all technicalities and to enter at once
upon negotiations for a new treaty on
the understanding that there should be a
continuance throughout the life of the
treaty of the same effective measures for
the restriction of immigration of laborers
to American territory which had been
n operation with entire, satisfaction to
both governments since IMA. The Japa
nese government accepted this basis of
negotiations, and a new treaty was quick
s’ concluded, resulting In a highly sat
isfactory settlement of the other ques
tions referred to.
A satisfactory adjustment has also been
effected of the questions growing out of
Hit annexation of Korea by Japan.
The recent visit of Admiral Count Togo
to the l otted States as the nation's cusst
afforded a welcome opportunity to deraon-
s "?tc the friendly feeling so happily ex
‘sting bttween the two countries.
, There has been exchange of sovereigns
n Mam and tbe American minister at
Bangkok was accredited In a special ca
pacity to represent the United States at
the coronation ceremony of the new king.
, Europe end the Near Esst.
,, in l.urope and the Near Hast, during
’he fast twelve-month, there has been at
times considerable political unrest. The
Moroccan question, which for some
months was the cause of great anxiety,
rflr’ly appeara to have reached a stage
“t which it need no longer be regarded
with concern. The Ottoman empire
focunled for a period of strife In Albania
ami Is now at war with Italy. In Greece
the Balkan countries the disquieting
ness in European diplomacy, but ..... ...
rL, d| rect political concern to the
1 nltel State*.
m the war which unhappily exists be-
'»«en Italy and Turkey this government
no direct political Interest, and I took
f iaMon at the suitable time to Issue a
wotlamatlon of neutrality In that con-
. At th ' same timo all necessary
have been taken to safeguard the
personal Interests of American citizens
»n,| organisations In so far as affected by
'tie war. ,
Commerce With the Near East.
“Pile of the attendant economic un-
■rl * nd detriments to commerce,
i.’ hited States has gained, markedly
, J commercial standing with certain
i the nations of the Near East. Tur-
, pT'e*P*«lally, is beginning to come Into
t&'.wl* 1 * 110 ?* with ’he united States
,-Ei‘..y | e nsw Interest of American manu-
tu.’urera and exporters In the posslblll-
regions, and It la hoped that
an i i. t ! on 7. *r« be" 1 * ””<1 tnr * largs
l.i.'Mu’ually beneficial exchange of com-
'“between the two countrlea. This
kMnJuiH® S f Turkey In American good*
b y *”• fact that a party «f
Turui^ e [!l. m w^ c ban’s from a large dty In
’b» United states
,, "’“I conditions of manufacture and
here., and to get Into persona;
with American merchants, with a
EJ* Jn 5, up the market!
fa,. ’be adjacent countries t
int' J•nutber Indication
ihe' s". 1 , " f An ;CrIca In the commerce
Sear East Is the re, ent visit
prominent officials and organizations of
the large cities, and new bonds of friend
ship and understanding were established
which can not but lead to cloaer and
greator commercial Interchange.
Coronation of Kina George
The 22d of June of the present year
marked the coronation of Ilia Britannic
Majesty King George V. In “honor of
this susplolous occasion I sent a special
embassy to London. The courteous and
cordial welcome extended to this govern
ment’s representatives by His MaJustj
and tbe people of Orest Britain has fur
ther emphasized the strong bonds o
friendship happily existing betwsen the
two nations.
Settlement with Great Britain.
As the result of a determined effort on
the part of both Great Britain and the
United mates to settle all of their out
standing differences a number of treaties
have been entered Into between the two
countries In recent years, by which nearly
all of the unsettled questions between
thorn of any importance have either been
adjusted by agreement nr arrangements
made lor their settlement by arbitration.
A number of the unsettled questions re
ferred to consist of pecuniary claims pre
sented by each country against the other,
and In order that as msny of these claims
as possible should be settled by arbitra
tion a special agreement for that purpose
was entered Into between the two govern
ments on the ttth day of August, 1*10,
In accordance with article II of the gen
eral arbitration treaty with Great Britain
of April 1, ISOS. Pursuant to the pro
visions of this r
ule of claims
dule, received the ap
proval of the senate when submitted to
It for that purpose at the last session of
congress. Negotlat
at the I
got 1st Ions between the two
governments for the preparation of an
additional schedule of claims are already
well advanced, and It Is my Intension to
submit such schedule as soon as It Is
agreed upon to the senate for Its ap
proval, In order that the arbitration pro
ceedings may be undertaken at an early
date, in this connection the attention of
congress Is particularly called to the ne
cessity for an appropriation to cover the
expense Incurred In submitting these
claims to arbitration.
Presentation of Von Steuben Statue.
In pursuance of the act of congress, ap
proved June SI, 191#, the secretary of
General Von Steuben erected in Wash
ington, for presentation to hts majesty
soon removed any Justification of the
complaints of the treaty violation now
prevalent in this country. I expeot that
Immediately after the Christmas recess 1
shall be able to make a further com
munlcatlon to congress on this subject.
Liberia.
Negotiations for the amelioration o.
conditions found to exist In Liberia by
the American commission, undertaken
thru the department of .state, have been
concluded and It is only necessary for
certain formalities to be arranged in se
curing the loan which It is hoped will
place that republic on a practical finan
cial and economic footing.
Recognition of Portuguese Republic.
The national constituent assembly/
regularly elected by the vote of tha
Portuguese people, having on June 1» last
unanimously proclaimed a republican form
of government, the offlolal recognition of
the government of the United States was
given to the new rcpubllo In tbe after
noon of the same day.
Spitsbergen Islands.
Negotiations for the betterment of con-
_Jtlons existing In the Spitsbergen Islands
and tbe adjustment of conflicting claims
of American citizens and Norwegian sub-
lects to lands In that aroblpelago are atlll
n progress.
International Prize Court.
The supplementary protocol to The
Hague convention for the establishment
bf an International prize court, men
tioned In my last annual message, em
bodying stipulations providing for an al
ternative procedure which would remove
the constitutional objection to that part
of The Hague convention which provides
nay be an appeal to the
t from tha decisions of na-
e, has received the signature
mmenta parties to the origl-
Ion and has been ratified by
the government of the United States, to-
ither with the prise court convention.
The deposit of the ratifications with
le government of the Netherlands await,
ttlon by the powers on the declaration,
signed at London on February 29, 1908,
or the rules of. International law to be
recognised within the meaning of article
7 of.The Haguo convention for the estab
lishment of an International prize court
. i Fur Seal Treaty.
The fur seal controversy, which ■<„
nearly 2# years has been the source of
serious friction between the United
States and the powers bordering upon
the north Pacific ocean, whose subjects
have been permitted to engage In pelagic
Healing against the fur seal herds having
their breeding grounds within the Juris
diction of the United States, his
As* ‘ * "
11
„ at last
been satisfactorily adjusted by the con
elusion or the north Pacific sealing con
vention entered Into between the United
States, Great Britain, Japan and Russia
on the 7tb of July last. This convention
Is a conservation measure of very great
statue of Frederick the Great made by •... , .
the emperor to the people of the United (the spirit of reclprocaloonci
States. . .
The presentation was mads on Septem-
, special masaS? #1
this government for the purpoee.
The German emperor has conveyed to
me by telegraph, on his own behalf and
that of the German people, an expression
of appreciative thanks for this action of
congress.
Russia.
By direction of the atate department,
- • - seta has recently
conferences with
» n affairs of Russia,
ns s clearer under'
•tending and construction of the treaty of
with a view to occur
' American citizens
slari ’refutations which may^ be found to
a
a
seriously to the need of chsngfng the
tlce under the treaty, and
advantage upon
It Is baaed, there
, . levs that not only
will It reeult In preserving the fur seal
herds of the north Pacific ocean and re-
•toring them to their former value for
the purposes of commerce, but also that
It will efford’ a permanently satisfactory
settlement of a question the only other
* ■- s seemed to. ■
e fuc seels.
j conventlot
portanc* In that It furnishes
IT
solution of which seemed to be the total
destruction of the fuc seels. In another
aspect, also, this convention l*_of Im
portanc* In that It fur
tlon of the feasibility <
all the nations of the world.
Legislation Necsssary.
The attention of congress Is especially
called to the necessity for legislation on
the part of the United States fer the
purpose of fulfilling the obligations as
sumed under this convention, to which
the senate gave Ita advice and consent
on the 14th day of July last
The conference ‘ “
“Sw h« bS'J uni™ for" The*" protection of'mStartriri Icc^ms’wUhthe^tulri^wtlV oftb.
-e of to warrant the continuance of these con- property, which, under the authority ol conventions. I im not advised that slm-
of a ferencnMn "the hope that there' may be congress, convened at Washington on liar action has been taken Vy any other
of the signatory governments.
One of the notable advances In Interna
tional morality accomplished In recent
repression of the circulation of obaesna
publications.
Trade Relations of United States.
In my last annual message I referred
to the tariff negotiations of the depart
ment of state with foreign countries In
connection with the application, by a se
ries of praclamatlons, of tha minimum
tariff of the United States to Importa
tions from the several countries, and I
stated that. In Ita general operations, sec
tion 2 of the new tariff law had proved
a guaranty of continued commercial
peace, altho there were, unfortunately.
Instances where foreign governments
ithln their Jurisdiction In a manner In
jurloua and inequitable. During the past
Mr some instances of discriminatory
raiment have bean removed, hut I re
gret to say that there remains a few cases
of differential treatment adverse to the
commerce of the United States. While
none of these inttancee now appears to
amount to undue discrimination In the
sense of Section 2 of the tariff law of Au-
has consistently soug
.... _ .... . ibis tariff Feature of the
tariff Jaw of ISO# has been amply Justi
fied by tha results achieved In removing
It la believed that the time has come for
the amendment of this feature of tha law
in euoh way as to provide a graduated
means of meeting varylnr
' itory treatment ol
in foreign countries as well aa to
tlon In this country, I
the manufacture, sale
In the United States shoi
tlonal opium conference with full power*
for the purpose of clothing with the force
of International law the resolutions adopt
ed by the above-mentioned commission,
together with their essential corollaries.
The other powers concerned cordially re
sponded to the proposal of this govern
ment, and, I am glad to be able to an
nounce, representatives of all the pow
ers assembled In conference at the Hague
on the first of this month.
Since the passage of the opium-exclus
ion act, more than twenty statea have
been animated to modify their pharmacy
" im In accord with the
a'meaaure, the Intrastate traffic In opium
and other habit-forming drugs. But, al
tho I have urged on the congress the
passage of certain measures for Federal
control of the interstate and foreign traf
fic in these drugs, no action has yet been
taken. In view of the fact that there la
now tilting at the Hague so Important a
conference, whleh has under review the
municipal laws of the different nations
for the mitigation of their opium and
other allied arils, a conference which
will certainly deal with the Inter
national aspocta of these evils, It
seems to me most essential that.the con
gress should take Immediate action on the
... - —xtion to which I have
tlon by a special raes-
"***’ Buenos Ayres Convention.
The four Important conventions signed
at the fourth Pan-American conference at
Buenos Ayres, providing for the regula
tion of trademarks, patent* end copy
rights. and for the arbitration- of pe-
cunlary claims, have, with the advice and
consent of the senate, been ratified on
the pert of the United Staten and the
ratifications have been deposited with the
government of the Argentine Republic In
—'**- *■*— —its G '*—
May If, 1911, closed its labors on June 2,
1911, by the signature of three acts, as
follows:
(1) A convention ravMW the Paris
convention of March 20, 1833, for the pro
tection of industrial property, as modified
by the additional act signed at Brussels
on December 14. 1900;
(2) An amuigement to replace the ar
rangement signed at Madrid on April 14.
1891, for the international registration or
trademarks, and the additional
regard thereto signed ‘
cember 14, 1900: and
(J) An arrangemen
rangement signed at
1*91, relating to'the
Indication of product
„ The United States 1
first convention only, and this will
promptly submitted to the senate.
Opium Commission.
In a special message transmitted to the
congress on the 7th of January, 1911. In
which I concurred in the recommenda
tions made by the secretary of state in
regard to certain needful legislation for
the control of our interstate and foreign
traffic in opium and other menacing
drugs. I quoted from my annual message
of December 1, 1*09, in which I an
nounced that the results of the interna
tional opium commission held at Shang
hai In February, 1909. at the Invitation
of the United States, had been laid be
fore this government; that the report of
that commission showed that China was
making remarkable progress and admir
able efforts toward the eradication of the
opium evil; that the Interested govern
ments had not permitted their coramer-. m _ rcB lwrBl . u »»
5** 1l f S5!i Ve 2l t i le,r c< £P # $ at, ° l n protect the financial Interests abroad of
5 i American cltlsena against arbitrary and
8 I injurious treatment on the part of foreign
governments thru either ‘
minlfltratlve measures.
It would also seem desirable that the
maximum tariff of the United 8tat
should embrace within fta purview t
free list, which fe not the case at tha
present time, In order that It might have
reasonable significance to the govern
ments of those countries from which the
Importations Into the United States are
confined virtually to articles on the free
Record Amount of Trade.
The fiscal year ended June 30, 1911,
shows great progress in the development
of American trade. It was noteworthy
os marking the highest record of exports
of American products to foreign coun
tries. the valuation being in excess of
82,000,000,000. These exports showed a
S in over the preceding year of more
an 8200,000,000.
There is widespread appreciation —
pressed by the business Interests of the
country as regards the practical value of
the facilities now offered by the depart
ment of state and the department of com
merce and labor for the furtherance of
American commerce. Conferences with
their officers at Washington who have
an expert knowledge of trade conditions
in foreign countries and with consular
officers and commercial agents of the de
partment of commerce and labor who,
while on leave of absence, visit the prin
cipal industrial centers of the United
States, have been found of great value.
These trade conferences are regarded as
a particularly promising method of gov
ernmental aid in foreign trade promotion.
The department of commerce and labor
has arranged to give publicity to the ex-
K ieted arrival and the Itinerary of consu-
r officers and commercial agents while
on lesve In the United States, In order
that trade organisations may arrange for
conferences *rlth them.
As I have indicated, It is Increasingly
deer that to obtain and maintain that
equity and substantial equality of treat
ment essential to the flourishing foreign
trade, which becomes year by year more
Important to the Industrial ami commer
cial welfare of the United States, we
should havo a flexibility of tariff suffi
cient for tbs give and take of negotia
tion by tbe department of state on behalf
of our commerce and Industry.
Need For Merchant Marine.
I need hardly reiterate tho conviction
that there should speedily be built up an
American merchant marine. This is nec
essary to assure favorable transportatioi
our great ocean-borne com<
vantage of keeping at home part of the
vast sums now paid foreign snipping for
carrying American goods. All
commercial nations pay heavy
to their merchant marine, so that It is
obvious that wl«ir ‘ *
the congress the ,,
behind m the matter of merchant marine
in its present anomalous position.
Legislation to facilitate the extension
of American banks to foreign countries
Is another matter in which our forolgn
trade needs assistance.
Chambers of Foreign Commerce.
The interests of our foreign commerce
it the great number of such assocla-
ns and the comparative lack of co-op-
itlon between them falls to secure an
Ictency commensurate with the public
Insemination of useful information and in
the co-ordination of effort certain unoffi
cial associations have done good work to
ward the promotion of foreign com
merce. It Is cause for regret, however,
that the * * “** n * ~* *
tions
erati
Sfiel * „
Interest. Thru the agency of the depart
ment of commerce and labor, and In some
cases directly, the department of state
transmits to reputable business interests
Information of commercial opportunities,
supplementing the regular published con
sular. reports. Borne central organisation
in touch with associations and chambers
of commerce throvxhout the country and
f ible to keep purely American interests
n closer touch with different phases of
commercial affairs would. I believe, be of
great value. Such organisation h*
managed by a committee comp
associations, and there might be
to the committee, as member
one or two officials of the dei
state and one or two official-
department of commerce and labor and
The authority and
success of suen an organisation would
evidently be enhanced if the congress
should see fit to prescribe Its scope and
organisation thru legislation which would
give to It some such official standing as
that, for example, of the National Red
Cross.
With these factors and the continuance
of the foreign service establishment <de-
B rtmcntal, diplomatic and consular) upon
a high plane where it has been placed
by tho recent reorganisation this govern
ment would be abreast of the times in
fostering the interests of its foreign trade,
and the rest must be left to the energy
and enterprise of our business men.
Improvement of the Foreign Service.
of
jtnl
The rapid growth of our foreignr
makes It of the utmost Importance that
governmental agencies thru which that
trade Is to be aided and protected should
possess^a high degree of efficiency. Not
]y should the- foreign representatives be
intained upon a generous scale in so
far as salaries and establishments are
concerned, but the selection and advance
ment of officers should be definitely and
I>ervnansnt!y regulated by law so that the
service shall not fall to attract men or
high character and ability. The expe-
foreign service. The men selected for ap
pointment by means of the existing exec
utive regulations have been of a far high
er average of Intelligence and ability than
the men appointed before the regulatli
were promuli ' ‘
fore the regulations
ilgated. Moreover, the feeling
that under the existing rules there is rea
sonable ho|>e for permanence of tenure
during good behavior and for promotion
"or meritorious service has served to
iring about a zealous activity in the in
terests of the country which never before
exhted nr could exist. Ft i* my c«rnef»t
conviction that tho enactment Into law
of the general pHncIpfcs of the* existing
regulations can not fall to effect further
Irpprovemnt in both branches of the for
eign service by providing a greater in
ducement for young men of character ■
and ability to seek a career abroad iu
tho service of the government, and an in
centive to those already In the service to I
put forth greater efforts to attain tho |
high standards which the successful con- ■
duct of our International relations and
commerce requires.
I, therefore, aguln commend to the fa- .
Vorabla action of the congress the enact- j
ment of a law applying to the diplomatic 1
and consular service the principles em- :
bodied in section 1763 of the revised
statutes of the United States, In tho
civil service act of January 16, 188?.
and the executive orders of June 27, 190*.. i
and of November 26, 1909. In Its consul I
eratlon of this Important subject I do*u »,
to recall to the attention of the cqngres »!
the very favorable report made on the
Ieowden bill for the Improvement of tho
foreign service by the foreign affair *
committee of the bouse of representa- !
tlves. Available statistics show tho-
R trlctncss with which the merit system
as been applied to tho foreign service
during recent years and the absolute non- !
partisan selection of consuls and diplo
matic service secretaries who Indeed far
from being selected with any view to
political consideration havo actually been
chosen to a disproportionate extent from
states whlcfr would have boon unrepre
sented In the foreign service under the
system which Is is to be hoped is now
permanently obsolete. Home legislation
for the perpetuation of the present sys
tem of examinations and promotions upon
merit and efficiency would be of great
est value to our commercial and Inter
national Interests. WILLIAM II. TAFT.
The White House, December 7, 1911.
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