Newspaper Page Text
& &W»Kt
•ire it to be distinctly uudentot'd tbit
tank lie no wlwutibe hf eff.-n on ‘ thlfi
of the
INTELLIQRNtiBR 4- EXAMINEE
DAtffV, - - - . . . (ton
NS KKKl.Y, ...... I Off
DEMOCRATIC TICKET.
for flayer,
LUTHER J. GLENN.
for Mermen,
• <jMRic: nruut»>,
AI,SXAin>*R-jai WAl.LACK-
f JARKD I. XVIIITAKK1A,
_ , f JARKD I. AVHITAKKR,
tit. Hard. j OEORKO S . AtSIASDll*.
».-> Horst
HAYDE* rOK
IBATD1
fjruri
A. IUTDE1,
FOR SHERIFF.
Mt n«
.For Deputy Sheriffs.
C. 0. GREEN* & OSBORN,
For Clerk of Superior Court.
DR. B. F. BOMAR.
For Clerk ol Inferior Court.
DANIEL PITTMAN.
.fo 7Vwm.tr.-C. H. WALLACE.
/•■»■ .Sntmr.—J. C. FARRAR.
to Tot Sibrfor.—W. F. WINFIELD.
i r Tax Receiver.—A. J. COLLIER.
jOrmr—A. R. WHITK
For Latest News
SEE THIRD PAGE.
Democracy,, to aehteve * rnewfd
victory. Every Democrat Should remctn
That th» powvr of the county of FulfttoL,
of the city of Atlanta bAi breo and teitow
is the haodi of the opposition, usd has.(sen
wielded with tremendous effect heretofore
agsinei ,&*.. All three vrho’witDtsaed the
last few elections, remember the operations
of tbaeoeuy, end remembering them will
; sec to it that hereelter no tucly means shall,
I be in their power hereafter. Had the 08L
ces of the count* and city, not been in the
bands of the Know Nothing party their
principles wooM bare long since been as
defunct in lVton as they am in Cobb, Cher,
okea and Carroll- The last agonies of that
prodigious organisation, which spread its
secret machinery all orer the United States,
has been nat rowed down to a struggle to
bold a few local offices, in a county here or
there, in one or two States. In those ago
nies in tke county of Fulton it will ex
pire on Monday next. The triumph which
will be then achieved will be greeted as was
oar triumph in October last, by the respon-
sire shoots of gratification all over the eoun-
try.
The names at the head of our rclumns
will be recognised by the old Democracy cl
the county as among our best and most cap-
able citisens. Without detracting from the
characters of these who are oppj-osed to
them, wo may safely a‘»rt, that a-beUer set
of officers can Barer he elected by the
suffrage* of oor people than those to whom
we hare referred-
With soefc men as Lore, tor Sheriff—dis*
I tioguished ts he is for his courteous, clever
and afikble deportment to everybody—Bo.
We call attentwD to the advert:**- | mar for Clerk of the Superior Court, well
mea^of the Concert which is to be given no ' qualified as hew known to be by the people of
Thursday night next for the benefit of St
Philip* Church. The object is one so entire
ly worthy that it needs only to be known to
be duly patronized.
Nominating 1 Meeting-
The meeting held CO Monday night last
under a call is the 'American’ brought forth
Fulton for his prompt and efSeieit discharge
of all the treats ecnfidedjto him—with onr en
ergetic friend Pittman as Clerk of the lute-
rior Court, and the ether gentlemen in their
various places, we believe the Democratic
Ticket most he particularly acceptable to
the voters of this county and will rally them
to the polls with enthusiasm and energy.—
after severe labor the Ticket for Mayor and That this shall be done in an obligation we
Aldermen which *e publish below.
For Mayor
Joseph wixsan*.
For Aldermen,
First Ward—H. W. JucDaNIEL,
WEST HARRIS.
Second Ward-Ji M. CALHOUN,
J. B. CREW.
Third Ward—T- L. THOMAS,
W. P HARDEN.
Fourth Wtrd-S. T. BIDDERS
J. B. PECK.
Fifth Ward—THOS KILE,
G. G. HULL
I: wifi be as eesy a ticket to beat by
owe to thoee time-honored principles of re
publican government, we are proud to advo
cate, as well as to the men who ere candi
dates and who hare given to thou* principles
in times past so many pledges of their toy-
thy and fidelity.
let as stand by our friends on Mocday
next.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
MnxxDoirju.1 Gj... )
Dec. 224. 1857. \
Ta Ihe Smite.
I retarn the bill entitled -“Ah act to pro
vide against the forfeitnre of the several
oa.-,k charters in this SLte, on account of • c09 * them some sacrifice, and rather than
lions; and while tie Is making 25. 30 or 35
per cent, upon the three paper dollars, based
upon the one stiver .dollar, supposid by the
people to tje in the vaults of the bank all (be
time for the redemption of thri bills, be .has
probably made ten or 15 per cent upon the
silver dollar feben out of the vault*, and
used In -peculation; making the whole prof-'
It*, which, Without a viohsiiuu of the letter
of his charter, the banker mny have reoetr-
e>l lor the use of his dollar out yrar from
30 to $0 per cent, while the laboring man.
withoat banking privileges, is .permitted by
law t< > receive *oly 7 per cent, for the ur* ot
hie dollar for a similar length of time. Is
this justice 1 bit tight t 1 deny that it i»
tight to gire to a bank, or to any other cor
poration, such unreasonable and almost un
limited privileges. It may be said that th*
banks do not issue three for one. and that
they do not all make the profits above de-
ecribed. This may be true. I speak of
their privileges, and wh»>, under tbetr chars
ters, they may do, end what, it is believed,
is often Rppnuiuitftl If mcwJw *n
practice. «*who will read their charters
aud observe their practical operations, will.
I doubt not, admit that the above is no ex-
sggeraied sulemenl of the workings of that
legalised system of speculation, oppression
aud wrong, dignified by our law with the
name of backing:
The question arises here, what oonxid-rj-
lion bare the banks given, or promised to
gire the people, for these valuable, exclusive
privileges T The answer is they hays pledg
ed themselves lo furnish-a paper currency,
at all times sound and ’oonvettable into spe
cie on 'demand, without regard to the price
the specie may cost then when needed, or
the sacrifice which they may have to task,
to procure it. The privilege of loaning
their own rotes as money st par. and of re
ceiving interest—compound interest—and
even usury, under the Dame of exchange,
upon them, often enable* them in times of
prosperity to amass large fortunes : and in
consideration of these advantages, is it not
their imperative duty, in time* of advenity,
to abide by their part of the contract, ai d
to procure specie to redeem their bills at par
and thereby afford relief to the people, no
matter what it may cost them t After bar.
ing enjoyed these advantages, ii it right
that they be permitted, when the pressure
come’, to suspend, close their doors, retire
into their splendid mansions, lock up 'heir
•peeie in their vault*. let their own bills de
preciate. buy them up through their brok
ers at a heavy discount, causing distress and
actual suffering to many a poor debtor's
family? and when the storm is past, step
forth in the sunshine ol their own prosperi
ty, with enlarged wealth, while they coolly
survey the rain which, by their speculation*
and their bad faith, they have scattered all
around. I deny that this is right
Specie is mw worth a small premium
the Northern market. By paying this, our
banks can purchase enough with which to
redeem all their bills, ana can resume specie
payment immediately. This would restore
public confidence, stop the dealine in the
price of cotton, which has already fallen
from 17 cenu down tt ten or 11 cents per
pound, since the banks have suspended, and
which wilt continue to fall, unless they re
sume. and would also restore contentment,
prosperity aid happiness among onr people.
The banka refuse to do this, because it would
friends os any that could haT teen ncmina* j non specie jwymont, for a given time, and , m4li e this, they prefer to let their bills de
led We shall reserve tiil a fature farther j f> r other purposes therein named," without : predate in the market. This causes our
earnests cn it.
tier words, their notes as money, and to
■ •Ttsi tr.t'h to, and every tnan who at all charge .nirtwi upon them The laboring
respects the rights ofbtmidTders, and would “*“• *b»t*ver be bis occupation, is dev
maintain them
| my sanction. J people, who live remote from banks and ci-
| Our hocking institutions have eicius ve ties, and who are occasionally forced, to oi>-
TV» amnuiM »- -- - . v . prvfiegu conferred upon them by law. I toin specie, to pay ns high as t :n per cent.
u JT. Jr*? “ l h * which1-e very vahrab’erind which".. la- ! discount upon the bank bills to gei the coin,
nut tor Ins t-eUef of the Banal of thij boring masses are prohibited, under a heavy ’ but if the bank* ate forced to resume, thi.
State. penalty, from exercising, upon the earn* sacrifice ou the part of the people will not
W. lay this important mes j--« before terms upon w. ich the banks exercise them. I be longer necessary. Why do the banks
... - j a ' To 1 The tanks ace pe’mittrd by law, without refuse to resume I The answer is, simply
,, ' - T ' ‘ hem M P*™? ! b.xid or Mcurity, to loan their credit, orjn because it is to their interest ta keep up the
r-verv true hearted deni- tn«r words, their notes as mooev. and to panic, drive down the price of cotton and
every kind ol property lo tho lowest price,
then grasp it into their own hands, end
„e^L~. niod this privilege,'and i* subject to indiot- ‘hoe grow richer upon ih> mi.-f irtunes oi
- . P",,” r , 1 . meat and puciihment a* a " crmiioal if he ether*, [".-icced by theui lor the purpose of
Uanz a.-,»!:cracy ct tvecrgtx, w:l. read and atrenprs lo exercise it. Ho can receive in-1 specu »'i >n
weigh-very word of it, <ri:hoat being ].-crest only upon the capital which ia (he f latfirmihulourBunkswirehiiare-us-
• rre-i to do so bv os. The message speakv '• income of bis labor: and opoa tbis'be iv I pemled and so coulinua.ste guilty of ahigb
for'iue f. Since that memorable one of the ' to charge only legal interest, or 7 J c-wmerciai. ..oral arid 'cgu. crime, of a
_ ,, . 1 t«r ocd; p^r a :r.ura. lfae tab*>r!OjF n:a»« ' commercui cr nie, becaott; iney have
osiL- ,-ed Treup to the Georgia L-gislatare, ■ produci; tr e cap.tai. Irnieei, all capita! is brought the pre-ent crisis upon the people,
r. wu:ch he prcclaiced the word*, “the the result of ,ab.r: sou to*" system of leg- for s .fish purp'*-*, when Ih re w» no
argument is exhausted, let us stand by oar i-lAtk.n which fc tablaoea a favored ceas., great ueees-i.y, snd when by spending q
and con'ers upon them privil-yps dca-e-i to - icw thousand do.lars ot • h■ ir immense prof- r* fl
j other 1 , by which they are ena'drd ;o enrich , in the purchase ofspre'e, the ■ uipens. n | _
ease, as I thrmeelvee by taking from the labor ng con'd easily hav r been avoided. By refu-
• i mattes the inccme < t thei- labor, is not ou- 4 ing to 'I - this, they have destroyed public
1 ly ur.ro-bat" contrary to the genius and pCOnfidevi r » derangetl i-ommcrce, caused i cr
spirit ol eur government. ' ! great vtap'e to fall several ecu's in the
I think it will not ba denied by a. y that P- und.bv which oar planters have retained
ear present system gi.e* t-. a tavured cl j, -Is of -eera‘ mi 1 ns ot do'i >rs, and the
maense advantages over the area', tody oi value of property liirotrohout the State ha •
i the people A-on nl-.etrat..,a of ^luy prig.. .{Teaily depreciated. 'I lie credit f the , , , , .,
C pl«. two men work with HjelrJlJind*, the i State abroad has been injured, while gene- jbe iiuiiiuiest cuiu,
• primary mode of making Sap tal. till vach ral div.rust and depression has bien the 1 " a . ve thareeponstjility ol its ok-ration 1
| makes a dollar ir. go.d or <: ver. t ine loans ; result. They lave been guilty of a moral
The law of our ritate per- , crime, by vi.hti-g th<ir ceutraet with f
arms,’* no message has can.Ad a: the Cap
itoi ,f car State, eic.io acnt
;i i :his Veto Message c: Governor Brown
L *r l clap of thunder, it burst up'h the
L- g., aturr.notsltcgeth.i with.ut war. ir.g,
hot nevertheieos, without that a 1 - ..'tr.ee
wr.i-h saftsfied’tbem that it w;l1>! con.,.,
r moat of the mamters of both hou=ca.
i.vugbt that like other men, »he Governor
. ‘ be f.euoail'-d from hi- purposj to act
• r t t-.e cosvtetm* of bis conscience, j ttt at interest
. .; save the people irem tne banks. It
- trrte to thus stsnl by the people
» r jutett in which 'h; odd* were so fetr,
t -...' ija ns-. the Executive Bo: he shrunk
a-,', tr to hn duty, and over-r-i ed as he has
'-er j a enstitatiora! majority, there,
sp nsmihty is-,bw Le-risiaiun's, and not
obliged to liavo ’Indulged in Ihoi* wild
speculations which caitkcd them to >x P» n “
their paper tircuintion beyond their ability
to reueeui Ibcir pv.ituiacs, end id this way
to here produced the stats or things which
obliged tk<m to suspend whenever payment
was demended. ’the Merchant by.acaarse
of high living and ovaMnuiinr, tnvoives
himself In debt beyoud Ms abmiy to pay,
and closes doors, or in hank phrase tuts
pends. He receive* but little public sym
pathy. All agree in eoodemmug htseourre
of extravagance and folly. He it blamed
not so much for closing doors, as for the
course of extravagance which involved him
in the ueers-ity of closing doors. Our
banks in this cose ware under no surh ne
cessity. 1 hey suspended us a speculation.
In 18-10 while the people wrie paying
through one of these period* of distress,
above alluded to, they determined to pro
tect themselves if possible against such a
state tf things in future. And through
their representatives they passed a law te-
quirieg the banks which had suspended to
resume specie payment within le-vi than
two mouths after the passage of the Act.—
And requiring all the "banks of this State
in future to mloeiu all their liabilities in
specie on demand or presentation; while
forfeiture of the charter was provided as the
penalty for the violation of the law. Tho
people relying, upon the plain statute es
well as the common law which takes away
the chatter of a corporation which abuses
the trust and palpably violates the contract
upon which the charter wns obtained, sup
posed they were secure against future batik
suspensions. On icceuitt of their corporate
privileges, it wa* belisved that motives o£
t merest would prompt the banks to make
out of their large gains a sacrifice, if need
be, sufficient 'o enable them to procure the
specie and redeem their bills to save their
charters. It was not then ha iered hat
the banks nvuld hare the power to violate
the law with impunity, and to dictate the
terms of their own pardon. Since the pas*
sage of the act of 1810 the number of banks
sod the amount of banking capttul in the
State have greatly increased, their power
in the State sad their iufiuence over the le
gislation of die country have increased.—
Who hus not observed within the last few
yvurs the increasing inttuence ('four wealthy
corporation* ore; our legislature! When
their interest is at stak -, outside pressure
becomes very strong upon the law-making
power am! is too sensibly felt. With this
state of things exfoliug in G orgia tho rer
cent bank suspension occurred in New
\ ork. This naturally caused a pressure
in Georgia, owing to our commercial con-
sections with New York, and made it nec
essary for onr banks to suspend, or make
a considerable sacrifice to get the specie to
meet the run Ilk- ly to be made upon them.
The bank* at this lime claimed aud still
claim to he entirely solvent, with large
amounts of goll in their vaults. Soreral
millions of gold hare been shipped into the
country during the present suspension
which could have been purchased by our
banks for a few per cent premium, it is
acknowledged that their profits for tho past
few years have beon largo. It became a
question therefore whether they w raid make
ihe sacrifice necessary tu enable them to
get the gold and redeem their hi Is. or—
whether they would suspend, let the lore
caused by me depreciation of their bills
fall upon the people, and rely upon their
power to set at open defiance the law fore
feiting their charters, and even to compel
repeal till such time as msy suit their
v.nienoe. They chose the latter alter
native and it i* said that many of them have
suspended. In th;* state of things they
appear b: ore the l,*-gnlaiure not prepared
even to grant terms to the people, much
less to ask any from them. Taey refuse to
submit to any restrictions upon their former
chartered privileges, ur to give any assur
ance* that the country shall he protected
against Ihe recurrence of such a state of
tiling* in Jnture. They deinund an uncon-
diti nal pardon in the form of an Act to
legalise th, ir illegal set of suspension, till
such time as it may suit their, convenience
to resume. They accompany the deman I
with the threat U,s' they have the power
and the will to d t die people a great injury
if an attempt sh u,d be made to execute the
law which' they have knowingly and wil
fully violat'd. 'Phis issue i* boldly ten
dered, nnd the que-tb n made, shall tho
govern the pe-a;le or the piople gov
ern the banks ! Shall the law no executed
or snail it l-e set ut op, n and uncondition
al de&tnce! shall only tnc poor and the
weak I C compelled to -.Ime it while the
rich and the powerful are permitted to dis*
regard it at plr sn-e 1 In my opinion the
richest corporation should ha compelled to
y the law, as promptly and implicitly as
•st oT tbs Northern psopM.to enter Into a
warfare about specie with .the Southern
banks. Since the Northern bsnn have re
sumed, tho tone bus charged, and our hooks
say that tho fact tbit the Northern btnki
havo nxutned. makra ll more' difficult for
them to resume. They were instnoere then,
or they are insincere now, V l ' f *
It is further allegedThat our banka im
pended In obedience to resolutions passed by
public meetings held In Augusta and Savao
nsh. I will not stop to inquire how many
bank directors or stockholder*, or how many
person* indebted to the banks and other
wise, under their iofiuenceor control compos
ed those meetings, or how difficult it may be.
or may not be. Ter those most interested to
get up meetings of this character, by pro
ducing a pania and aslling the meeting In
the midst of the exoitement- I might iu-
quire in how many counties of this Stato
outside of the immediate infiueiee of the
banks such meeting* ware bold. Again, it
is said tho suspension was for the benefit of
the people. They did eat seem to have
anticipated the danger, and have not asked
Bsfort
urn determined to know no man or nssocia-
lion of mcnTatnl that all sh dl bow to the
tnits him to receive caly seven cents?or r the ' people in refusing to meet th-ir a :temn I a,,£ * ,o ri-y °t the .xw without regard lo the
was of it one year; and if be charges more,! P'™isos, when they .aek-p-wledge-ray, ««« mhacii.e which Urey may
the law declares the exeats to be usuri.j* even (►.■as*, of their ability to disj thereby I r ’ - r -■ a 11 4“ high that taey shall
and vsiL doing the grossest injustice to the lab ring) F«f' n ‘“?!'oplace th. ntelyos nkovo th
The other applies to the Legislature, i n I ; masses wh, ta-e confided in them and b en j aw
obtain* scharter. conferring upoo him hank-! deceived by them, l'aey trav- been guilty j f r "l
inf Privilege*. By this char, -e-s—i *- 1 1
laiful for him to pay bi*
steck into the bank, and to issue up ._ .. .
p*i three paper d iitun. The Unk is pcrmittsj price ,.f onr proptry, th'price of labor, the
(lid it the |»r p r c i*e i* made by
> as 11 authorize ms to act 1 -hull
Hit. Uo/VU LiU] k/JIJffi w • J ........ * •» ii • • » I I . r
chafer, it is made I ot & ,0 ? a1 enrae, by wilfully ami krtowmoly I J* r,ler P rt ‘ '* “ W V |,;
i dollar a* capital! ▼iolatmija -d nt . p^n deSauce a , n ;' 0f c urN “ re,J ■> 1,1
or,! W ixsu, up P b1:! P-'fve statute o.'the State* making the! ^
L»t "l.t people then look to
stives, for a.I tae good - evil that j tu loan these three puner dollars r at Inter-' happirre-s and welfare of the pejpie and the
,w frorn the passagi of the , ■ , tv, and to charge 7 per con; upon each of i fitate al beml to thtir interest.
, , j them. I? fc- »«-e to loan them for os* j I**«7 *»»erncd solely by their interest
p „ : yea* at legs interest, he would receive for l »“tl >‘h tb * lf fetef*« x ’“<•«» of prosperity
i r oar part we err wirii Gov. Brown cm ...... o\—. These three paper doilon j toexpuod and ex’end their circulation, jatie
oar part ire srr with Gov. Brown cm ^ 0 j
.- :» -tat will certainly be male on this
fee .**• ,n In principle sod ia action
h- .ne-i sc-rad democratic doctrima.
Nay. re than this. Lo ho» eedexvored to
*.» tveorgia from fiecc.mirg lonerrient to s
Bat* monoply, which coetr-.li theiegUUtion
indiv dual who lias dieregarded and vi da
ted the law It i* claimed by their friends
that our hanks are well managed, hut that
the- suspension was unav ilah.c after the
Northern blinks suspend*!, and that any
other course would have ruined the people,
are based xp.a the one dn&r m go!d« j «•>« pne« of p»-Jierty, etimelefe « spirit V r‘‘ t B. , , l hv b n V. ni m«« a Vd“*» !'*'i ,h *
silver, sni me banker k. fact receile* the 1 »:seriatim,.and inr Ive’thecouniry rathe,r mo5tof tl, 8 Alabama
•21 cents interest opi. h.e c, M doiuu in »pe- i deb: a- much a* pastille In time* of ad-; \ ^ , J . Kentucky hanks, all Ihe
M, whi> the person w.-.bout banking priv- v-r-i:y wnen every msn not a banker i>'f, a,i ‘ , u ,' ‘ ,' jl lh j
I.egei rectire* only 7 cent* interest upon “bliged to redeem ms prami-ee. no matter , *,j b j'^'" • .“J® “ u0<; k. and
c: rj.n n..,£i L.-cJil ... . F . Ik m L .... nt- *u. m,.i.. I xr 1 ' still ro-keming their lulls in specie 1 —
A d why are not the p-ople of Louisiina
- Kentucky ruined 1 It i* a litt'e remark
for the relief. Before the bunks suspended
the people could puss their bills at per, since
the suspension in many of the counties most
remote from the banks, they are having to
P»J len J >, ’ r uent to get specie for their bank
bills. This is u relief that the •' people of
the agricultural portion of the State have
not asked for by public meetings or other
wise.
They did not ask to bs relieved of one
tenth of the whole valne of their property,
nnd they will bo a little bard to convince
that they are benefitted by the operation.—
The farmer sold bis prodnoe for one huDs
dred dollars in bank bills, which before the
banks suspended wore worth to him one
hundred dollar* In gold. Since tho banks
have suspended tho bills arc only worth
ninoty dollars in gold. He has lost ten
dollars hy tho suspension. That argument
to couvinee 1 itn that it is for his benefit may
be ublo and ingenious, displaying much
leurnine and eluqitenoe, to wbioh no will
probably reply : Before the banks suspend
ed I bad one hundred dollars, 1 have spent
none and since the banks bars suspended I
baveanl. ninety dollars: I understand the
figtres but do not see the beuefit. It is again
claimed that the suspension was necessary
to enabl* the banks tu furnish their bills tu
the cottOD buyer to parch* e the prese.it
crop; that the crop could nut otherwise be
sold, and that it would not be possible to get
it to market if the bmks were compelled lo
resume specie payment. This argument will
not beut examination. Cotton in Liverpool
is .worth 15 to 17 cents per pound in gold
t is therefore worth in Georgia just as much;
in gold after deducting the cost of trans
portation and insurance to Liverpool. The
manufactures n • d the cotton
They have ihe gold to give for it- Wo
have the cotb n and want the gold.
There ure ships plenty and thsir own'
ers want the freight. If there were not i
bank in Georgia our cotton would still find
its way to ma-kei. And if we would not
take tie; reoiated bills of suspended banks
f >r it, w.- should soon gut gold for it. It is
truo this would cause some delay, and would
be to some extent injurious, b it not injuri-
rious to thu planters who are generally hut
little in debt, and who ore not forced to sell
as it would be to those speculators, bank rs,
and brokers, who hove BO long lived end
grown rich upon the labors of tho planters,
who when they- say that a certain measure
will ruin the country, usually mean that it
will injure them. The very delay which
speculators say would ruin the country might
lay the foundation for direct trade with
Europe, cutting us loose commercially [rotn
a s-ate of dependence upon the North, which
would be worth to the South half dorse
cotton crops. But it is not true that tho
bankj would refuse to furnish their hills to
buy cotton with if forced to resume specie
payment immediately; they would in this
(as they al rays are tu all other casoe) be
governed by their own interest. And their
tutereat is to furnish their bills to buy the
cotton if tho planters will tako their bills for
it- They famish their bills to tho cotton
buyer at legal interest and probably one or
two per o-'nt a month exchange (usury) sta
king lu ur 20 per cent interest. The cotton
buy.r, the friend and probably the agent of
the banks, deducts this out of the price of
the c i.ton and the planter loses it. Tbo
buyer ships the cotton and turns over tbe
bill of lading to the bank of which bo got
the hills. Tbo bunk controls tbe cotton,
orders it sold and in thirty or sixty days has
tbe gold, or sterling exchange as good as
gold in its vaults in place of ths bills- In
this way tbe bank not only makes a large
per cent upon its bills, but replenishes its
vaults with specie in tboir place. And if
tbe bank is redeeming its bills in specie so
as to deserve public confidence tbo bills may
not be returned for months by the planter
to demand tbo specie. But the bank makes
suffi-.ent profit by tho tran-a tion to justify
it in puung the necessary premium lo get
the g id, to redeem thqm immediately, if
required. There is, therefore, no foundation
in lact, for the alarm that th* planter could
not sell bis coition, should the banks be
forced to red-em their bills in specie, or ia
other word* be forced like individuals to aot
in good faith and pay according to their
promise. But it may b« said that this may
cause a decline in the price of cotton.—
Without admitting the foot is a sufficient
bis (lolixr. But the banker is not custetii! Sowinnch ‘oordiee it may c.«t him.the bank*
wi-h 2! per cent a year, or three time* tbe | re fore ' nice-, their obligations oeeaux
tease reprstoBtatitesi In tbe treat.:me,
: s jsy or two, we stab be silent, in order
■ »• :Le veto may be read a:»J its priccipUa
i - '.-we-J_aczl understood by our readers.—
Iuietd ta .« crowded ouditioo of oor to tie: boai-r must be ps d promptly, or re
! :.avc suspended, a* a general ruie,
only to cotton boyers cr *peoi!a rs, sad
denied to the memos-:, ft/raer ,.r mecoao
sl owed I nfl “- ‘hey will ioerei
by -ppointing an ag
In the n.e> -,ir,- it
their Soecu.'at '
lie c*o"',t get acootnrr.aiation, it mutters not' *5<rr cred tor preaoi.t- ta. ir de ,recist.d
i bow good a note be ssa make. This debt 1 bids at the counter and demands tpmsf.
teat ei'-adad a.Gue of it, width st the
pre*._: - -: * - .-. d'etoadi from errs ip-ato-
crstic press, or at tn-aca mu
cratk principles and policy
-•.mpeiled lo islet. uewed at ti.c e'd of tne 30 day*. If per-
tritted to h- renewed, the interest must be i the p
, it-in diaenun ad and compounded, snd tbe ! high
usury under the nime of exchange, added.
Hating that i.e nas labored (■ r the bills and
has r-eeiv-i them at par at money. That
nised prapertr wh»n p "p-r-.y wae
ing to -.ne bank expansions, at d in
thi* way 1 .ro ved himself in debt That
eplv that the planter can afford to take
imallc
Oor County El echos
Tne people of Falter: C jon-.y, fc«ve r.-,w
r»-fo.-e them, tbe candidates of tit rt-pee-
tiu parttee. for tbt varioo* offles* i- treir
gift at the approaching election on tbe firs
ii rosy in Jsnsary. W# presume -tre
what d«n - If inlaigebce i* giver, for s year, tbe note or • owing now to bank contractions prop
-.i 1 in i.t renewed the interest compoutzi-; f ' r 7 hut fadsn till it takes twie-t as tuucu
ei ard ’.he usury added, twelve times during !
the je.r, '* every 30 days. I speak of tbe
usual numher of dxys allowed to bank. U
may ia: t.u' CO -rays, while it is sometime*
30
1 bit increases tbe m'erest received on
th* bar,ker s ’hree paper dolian, or one eti-
srr doliar, to 25, 35 [er cent dependent on
ths amount if exchange or usury added each
, , , . . , 7 I time the note or bill i* renewed. Bat the
c*n ie- no d ,abt on the tnind of soy inteb^ tinker is .tiil no: satisfied with this c t.
■ xet, a« to irtiu will be t ooted, ilj upon bit dollar. Tbe i*w of this charter.
Is.eraily regarded a* an udebiahl* M h * r - i charters exist in Georgia, author- «"«
fi> pay his debts, a* it did a few months ag .
That h s property is about to he s ten heed
and mat he cannot pay in bank bids vri: ti-
out a sacrifice of live, ten or twen'y per
esn' din u-.t up ,ii them. Th* Banker re
fuses to redeem IIin ndl*, and turning uwsy
calmly replies, b e nape suspended Tb
cooee*(ueoce is tfie hiilhold r he* lo make
th* sacrifice which the banker had pr ra
ised tr, makt, ann ought to mak*, but will
not mak*. and pay lire, ten ur twenty pc
on the bids of thabank to get
y of the
ir numerous igcne'ei. While
they who
eg to monopolize the hu.-imss in
Gc )f£l.i i
• -i it perfext liberty 'o make war
upon th* i
ft it(f or country iianki.
Th*:f l»
,( cl rase j.. the Constitution of
LrrminnTi
denying tne Legratararatrin paw-
er. thr ci.'j
o: indirectly, to pass uuy Uw
t » > / ili7.f
a bar.k suspension. The eon-
a*-; item *
'» v -m that none oi their banks
iu*p
nd :d They preferred to make
•n<5 44'-rif.
gc. the gold, redeem their
hiJU, antJ
.ve tr.c-ir charters. Hud there
hr?f»n a mn
iiar clause ia our Constitution,
It 19 h--:w;v
*d hut our solvent hanks would
hare coin**
ts a different ..-inclusion, os ti
the i
wheel a port ns of DeKaib, waa Democrate
te, as ail me uzJ an- -ubwtantiaJ aeUustt
wdl bear witne -, ut. I whilst h ru for*
time by artful and de.ign.ng appeala, esrsy-
cd from tbe veocratul associations el the part,
it baa now returned with rsnswol devotion
Tbe law of the charter* dire* require
that the liabilities of the bank that! not ex
ceed three dollar* for erer_. <me of capital
. ,1. eh«euh«1 reieelnle. ,*H , otook paid in. but it doss not require that it
* ^ i .hall beksot in tho kook- 1 refer to th*
again bv seduced from nst toy—.y for wfocn ( j 1[ef4 j construction of the law, aial tb* one
it wm one* funots. But whilst we *pcat' practiced upon by th* bank*. Tbe etock
tb i confidently of Ihe certainly of the re- J tuny be yud in ipeele, snd the banker my
“ - «-*»—-+1 sf&s
people eecm generally
..land the law of our bank char ten to be i country, a* ths hanker wdl he offended and
that the tsr.k murt at aJJ tiroes bsr* in ir* | w, ll refuiey, iet ont any. mors of his de-
vaults one d J ar is specie for every three s predated bii't if i .ro-d in keep bit promise
dollar* Of iu iiabihtis*. This ts s great er. w redeem these now in circulation
brace the establishment of our hanking
system in (jtorgu the country has already
passed through two or three period* of dis
tress of the character abort describ'd.—
These have b«en periods of speculation by
the bsnki, and they have arnasied fortunes,
while tbs people, ths laboring masses, ha ve
born* 111: loss, in each of these period*
th* anology has bten made for the banka
(bat.Utey wm obliged to impend. TU|
tty o! ihesuip.-nsion. But it was
said G•:I ,re the Northern banka reaumad
that our hanks w.re obliged to suspend to
to kee,, the merchants and banks of the
North from drawing oil the specie oat of
iheir vaal-s This agreement was .-.ton
plausible than real. I hey Imre r«.t cnougl
of our bills to enable them seriously to in
jure o< in this way. They can on y get
our bills to Ihe Ctu-nt that our Houthsrn
Merchant* pay prompt'y without soil.—
I bey do not all do this. If (,nr hanks con
tinue specie'payment, the Northern Mer
chant must pay specie or its equivalent for
our bill*, il'tney get s larger amount than
they rec:i-.> from the prompt ptying clast
of ricuthen Merchants. They make nuns
of the neoas tries of -life which we are
obliged t, b.ive, while they are obliged to
have our sugar, rice and cotton, more is
peeialiy our cotton. If they do not get it,
their factori, i must stop snd thousands of
ibtir p .or operaixei must be thrown out
of employment.
Cotton will commaod epeuie or iu equiva
lent. Our banka centre I ths cotton trade,
and if tre people of the,North run upon
ihm with their bills for ipscie, th t; bars
smaller numioal price, if be get* gold or
back bills convertablu into gold on demand,
than he can take iu suspended bank bills, at
a heavy: discount. Anil make money by tbe
operation.
When it ia claimed that tbe banks cannot
let out their bills to buy cotton unless they
are allowed to suspend, this if true is an
admission that they have not the means at
present to redeem tbe bills now out in Ihe
hands of the planters and others, and tu they
ure not able to pay their debts already con
tracted according to promise, it is gravely
propoied to let them oontract more debts and
get the produce of tbe oountry with their
promises to pay, 03 they have not the means
with lehieh to pay, and let them in this way
make the money out of tbo specuiatioo,
which they muku upon tho planters cotton,
with which to pay tlto planter at some future
day. Fur this purpose it ie proposed to give
them the privilege to suspend till tbe 15th
day of November next, i'bis it is said will
prevent a pressure, as the banks will let out
their bills freely during the suspension aud
they cannot during tbut timo be called on to
redeem them. This is but a temporary
relief. It ii like giving to the patient an
opiate to lull the pain for the present, with
out doing anything to eradicate the diseaae
from the system. Wbon tbe opiate panes
off, the patient is no better, but a little
weaker. At the end of tbe proposed sus
pension the banks in order to resume speoie
payment, must contract their cUcsIatiori and
restrict their issues. In this way we have
put off the evil day a few months longer,
but it must soon come, and come when we
may not have as great an abundance of
produce in the country, sod when we rosy be
much less able to meet it.
Better meet it al once, and pats through
it us fait at possible.
The bill propose! to legalizi the suspension
till 1.5th Nov. next. Tb is gives the suspended
banks time lo ask the same members of the
*aia* legislature who now legalize tbe soa
ped-ton, to grant it II further time if the
Maks have not completed their specdUtione,
as tbo legisatart Will be again In sssston
before that time. This is quits prudent in
tbe banks. It may bs said in reply to tbie,
that the bill provider that upon proof being
mode to the Governor, that there bos bssn a
general resumption of specie payment by
hanks out of the Hut* of Oeorgin, then tb*
Governor msy by proclamation require the
banks to resaas within thirty days, Tb*
bsoks bsv* been ingenious in framing this
proviso. What is o«nl by ths general
resumption of spools psymeal by tbo bocks
world excerpt th*
out of Georgia.' ..
tad merchants mf they „ ,,
stinted? How long will -ii
to est op the kgslpn
' \&tbW nth* northern
iVu already returned «Pe61* payment,
iks Intend to dealTstrty
,*r* ‘banks
•pert
[ly tw
it u ink*. Iht .'Dor.
’ot thlsT Pwhsbly
i want- Tits N.
i tb*
.. the bosks Intend lo detl fairly with the
people, why sit 15th of No*. W* f °rto'“
to resume In Usorgiat Ibo bill briber
provide that oo.baukjihall oharge more then l
per oentapoa ou* bill of exchange to which
a proviso usttnohed, thatThis shall haveino
reference to foreign exobsa**. This then
leave* (he bulu to ahsrt* **mueh ts they
please for foreign exohsg* (exchange out of
the A’late,) while itirgabzea one per cent on
inland exchaueffi The banks do not discount
notes. Taey will only sell exchange on tboir
agencies, for iostanae at one p«r cent in
addition to t*e legal interest or disoount.—
This may bo equivalent to more thou 20 per
cent par >noum on each paper dollar or note
of tbO’bunv Tbe bill is therefor a boon to
ifisbauks. They would deal only lu ex
change and thereby realixe these large
profits, ami they would point to this not si
their legal authority for eo doing. The act
prohibit* thorn from discounting notes or
loaning mo-ey in any way at more thou 7
per ceDt, while it makes it’legal tor them to
Mil oxchangeln such way os to realize 20
per cent or more. Under tbie act no bor
rower could get a note discounted. But hn
could get tbe money if he would give the
per ccut by purchasing it on a bill of exohaoge
.a Savannah or Macon. This not only
legalizes suspension, but tbe moot exorbitant
usury, under tho pretext of proteoting the
people against bank usury, butthe bill gives
the banks tbe right to obarge about as much
usury as they please. The bill authorizes
th* suspended banks to declare 7 per ctut
dividend while iu a state of snspeosion,while
a proposition that the banks pay 7 percent
interest upon their bills iu circulation duriug
the suspension was p.omptly voted down.—
This would have been compelling tbo bauks
lo do justice to the people. This they woul i
tut endure. An other provision oi the aot
is held out as a boon to the people, 'i'bat is
that the bank failing to redeem its bills on
demand shall pay seven per cent interest nod
ten per oeut damages if suod to judgment.
Tuis is the law now aud tne banks have
made no cooci s i ins in this; and it is worth
o (thing in pra.tice. Ths whole bil| is art.
folly drawn und well calculated to deceive.
But and appeal is made by the friends of
tbe banks as a last desperate resort, to the
(eats of the people, and it is said that the
bauks owe tho poop)*- only $5,000,000, or la
othe r words have ouly that amount of circu
lation, and that the people owe Ihe banks
322,000.000, over four times as much as tbo
banks owe the people. If this be so, it is s
most conclusive argument against the banks
and shows how fearful an error bus been
oouiiuitted by our Legislature iu fostering a
system which is centering tho whole'wealth
of Ike country in the hands of a purse-proud
aristocracy built up and sustained by the
laboring mosses. Have tho banks obtained
this immense advantage over the people by
labor and fair dealings; Hare tho bankers
labored with their bands? cultivated the soil
produced a blade of grass, or a stalk of
wheat, oorn or cottou? They live in prin
cely style on the labor of the people and in*
stead of falling in debt to tbe people for tdl
the abuodauee of the people’s products
which they use, they are enabled to bring
the people out in their debt between four
and fire tin es as much as they are indebted
to tbe people. With these immense ad
vantages, and large resources at tboir com
mand, the gifts of the people to them,
should thsy have suspended rathci than pay
a few per coot premium to get gold to re
deem tboir bills? The gold has been shipped
from Europe to our shores for sale. What
excuse can they give for baring refused to
pay tho premium for it, and with it redeem
their bills? They should hav* done this out
of their surplus lucomes without aoy addi
tional burden en tbe people.
But is it truethat the peoplo owe the
Banks 822,000,001), and tho Banks only
Owe tbo people $5^)00,000 ? If it is true
the Frosidcuts and Cashiers of the Banks
of Georgia hare not so stated under oath.
Tbo returns mado to this office, in obedience
to tbe last call made upon the banks, by the
Executive, to return their condition under
oath as required by the statute, show that
the assets of the banks including notes dis
counted, bills of exchange and ail uther as
sets on tho one hand ; aud the liabilities of
tho bauks, including bills in circulation,
deposits muds with them,and all other lia
bilites on the other precisely balance to i
quarter of a oent. And 1 may say that it
is a little remarkable that these sworn re
turns made twice a yeir, by each bank, aud
made for a day in tie past, set by ilia Ex
ecutive, should io every case show an exact
balance between the assets and liabilities nf
the banks. I will not say that aoy of thorn
aro untrue, bat f will say that it shows a
remarkable precision in tho transaction of
their business ; that they should keep an
exact balance sheet, never varying a quar
ter of a cent, when the assets and liabilities
amount lo hundreds of thousands of dollars.
If it is said that their mode of bookkeeping
is such tbe accounts must necessarily bal
ance, j may reply that tbe object of the
statue was fo require that their returns
should furnish the people with a correct and
simple statement of their true standing, and
not with an exhibition of their skill in book
keeping. There is a mistake somewhere ;
the statement as to tbe amount of the peo
ple's liability to the banks is incorrect or
their sworn returns are not easily explains
ed. Iloavc the banks to reconcile it. If
it is attempted to be done hy saying that
the banks have a reserved fund which they
are afraid for the people to know that they
have made tbe reply ia that this is a part of
the ossetts of the bank ; and should be re
membered when a return is made
oath.
la reply lo sill that I
about ths bank* and a
•aid that the fault I* I
la the pros t abus*.
of the *bu*e ie not do
the system is readily
agree that we haVrtri
banking Inetitutlon*
tho people and *J v *i
these become vested riglit* and cannot when
given be recalled however injurious to tbs
community, till they have expired by llmlta*
tion of the time fixed in their charter*, on*
leas they are forfeited by *om* violatiswof
the contract upon which tbe ohartor wa*
obtained. If thsy arc so much abused a* to
atqouut to * forfeiture of tho charter* they
may be cutirely abrogated and tbe legislas
tore re-charter them upon each term* *1 It
may prescribe. If the privilege* conferred
upon our bunks io their oharter* ere dinger,
ous to the best lutereetef the Stato, and are
subjeot tu much abase, and’ if .tbe baokt
bave suspended speoie payment and forfeit
ed those privileges it is my deliberate judge
meat that no act should be paaed relieving
without impoeing
them from the forfeiture,
upon them sheh restrictions, by amendment
of their,ehsrters, ns will afford some protec
tion to lb* people against a reourreno* of
such a sta'te or things in foturo. Let their
charier* be ea amended as to prohibit them,
as io’the case of Liuisitna, where the banks
have not suspended, from Issalnk bills or in
curring liabilities over three dolian for every
one dollar of speoie in the vaults of th*
banks and to prohibit them from uting th*
proceeds of the bills of exchange and die.
cxuntod notes, upon whioli tho balanoe o
their circulation is based, ia shaving notes
out of the 8tale, or any other way except in
tbe redemp ion of their bill*. Compel them
also to redeem all their small notes now in
circulation iu gold and silver, and let them.
be prohibited from pulling into circulation
after the first day of January, 1858, any
bill under the denomination of five dollar*.
After tbe fi st of January, 1859, any bill
under ten d liars, und after the first of Jin*
uary, I860, uny bill uadcr twenty dollars.
That would throw specie iu place of small'
bills into oirculutiou among onr people, and
would thereby enable tb |o>antry 'o stood*
commercial crisis with rnuoh less ineonvenv
isnee. Lo: thorn alsoi be prohibited from
charging usmy ui.dor the name of exobange
on all inland iruuscctione, prohibiting than
as individuals arc prohibitoa from receiving
more than seven per cant interest upon the
sums actually loausd This would convert
If they reply that a large proportion of
their liabilities consists of their capital
stock, 1 reply that a large proportion of tbe
indebtedness lo them consists of debts doe
them from their own stockholders and d!
rectorB. While they are extorting much
from the people every year, no suoh differ
ence of iodebtodocss as that claimed exists
between them and the people, autside of
their own stockholders and directors.
If the ttiipeusiou is legalised it cannot be
denicd|that the banks bave triumphed over
the people snd setjtiie law at defiance. They
have mode at once the interest upon the
whole amount of their circulation, for the
entire period of tbe suspension. They re
ceive interest upon all their bills, they pay
no interest and oaunot be compelled to re.
deem their bills. It is no reply to say that
they may be sued and compelled to pay ins
terest after protest, and ten per cent damn,
ces. 'The bills are scattered all over the
Stats in tho handi of the people in small
sums and not one in fifty has en amount of
tbe bills of any one bank large enough to
justify him in employing a lawyer in Au
gusta or Savannah and standing a suit with
the bank. Better give np the debt in ms.
nj cates than incur the expense, trouble
and delay. Legalize the' suspension and
the bills still further depreoiate, properly
fo II* lower sod exchange rise* higher. The
country has no currency but depreciated
bills (for the bonk* will lock up all the gold
and surer in their vaalts,)aad we have no
meani of determining wbioh bank* are eol
vent. At tbe tints set for them to resumi
, jmm .. resumo
the insolvent banks would bz unablo to do
aa< Daring th* suspension they would
have flooded tb* country with their bills and
the failure would then fell muoh more hen*
vlly open the people then it would if they
were wound up now before thsy bava time
totocwftoUi* circulation of their worthless
bills- if they are not good the soontr tit*
test is mode and the fsctkoowq f*
forutU. If Iht; ut good tfc*y
them bock Irom shaving shops io bsoks*-
.. ' -■ ■ .bly
again; and they would probably do a moil
legitimate banking business. There would
tben be no inducement t* turn sway from
the plrater and refuse to discount bit not*;
however good, became they coaid get more
usury from tbe speculator. Let tins* and
such other restrictions as may be considered
wise be engrafted upon their oharter*. And
let tlie penalty of a violation be an immedh
ate forfeiture ol the chartor, and it It be«-
lii-ved that we would have a better system:
To this add a sub-treasury system for ths
State, such us now prevails in tbe United
States, and let all collection- made by the
State, and all debts paid by her be In gold
and silver. Thin would keep a sufficient
amount of speoloout of tbe bauks in the Stats
Treasury und id tbe pockets of the people
greatly to lesson tho shook, and afford much
relief Iu cm
case of a future commeroial crisis
resulting oven in bank suspensions. As
gold and silver would form a considerable
part of the circulation, a bonk suspension
could only dcpreciute the paper portion of
the circulation, and not the whole circula
tion. But aside from any objections to the
bill on tho score of justio and public policy
tiicro aro, to my mind, grave donnte ae to
constitutionality, Tbe Constitution of thi
United Suites prohibits any Bute from
naffiiinff Anv law •■mnairiivr ttin'nhllcmtinn nf
passing any law 'impairing Ihojobllgation of
contracts.’’ Tbe contract between tbe bank
and tho bill bolder is that the bank shall re
deem its bills in gold or siver promptly rut
demand or presentation. As the bills are to
circulate as money tbe utmost promptness
und good fsitb is understood by tbe partie*
to enter into (be contract and even to be
come a part of the very essence of the Con
tract. The charter ot the bank is granted
by. the State, and ia addition to the other
civil remedial by suit, A-c , the aot of 1840,
has enacted that the charter of the bank
shall be forfeited on failure to redeem the
bit's, upon demand or presentation, and lubj
sequent provision is made for the appoint
ment of a receiver to tako charge oi the a»>
acta, convert them into money and pay the
debts of the bank, The rights of the bill-
holder are therefore by the oontraot limited
by his right to one, Ae , but they also em
brace tbe right to have the charter forfeited,
and the assests of the bank placed ia the
bauds of a Receiver for the better security
of tho bil bolder. By toe set of 1840 the
Legislature has put tne distinot construc
tion upon the contract of the banks under
their respective charters. Tbe act shows
csnciuiively that tbe view taken by the L3g-
islaturo of the contract of tbe banks was that
they were to redeem their bills in gold and
silver promptly upon demand ot presentation
and that upon failure to do so their charters
should be forfeited. Take from the bill-
holder this right, toswil: tbe right to have
the charter forfeited on failure by the Bonk
to redeem the bills in gold and stiver prompt
ly on demand or presentation; and you take
from him the highest protection which ander
bis contract he his, far the prompt redemp*
tion of the bills. But why under the act
are the charters to be forfeited if the bills
are not so redeemed by tbe Bank promptly?
BeoauM tbe banks have felted to oomply
with their contrast. If it was not the con
tract to redeem their bills apon demand or
^presentation in gold sod stiver upon what
principle was the oharter to be forfeited.—
Sorely it was not intended byth* legislature
to forfeit their charter! union* they hod vio
lated their contraot under their charter*.—^•
What did the legislature ootuider stteh a
violation of the contraot? The feiltite or
refusal to redeem their liabilities In gold or
silver upon demand or presentation. No
other cause or reason is amigned for a for
feiture oftheir charters io ths set of 1840.
The bill holders bad Ihen the remedy by suit
dr chir
er action against the banks, bat theft
ten were not to be forfeited in ease they re
fused to redeem their liabilities io ffolJ and
silver after suit was brought and judgment
rendered igaiut them, bat the cberten
were to be forfeited in cue they refused to
redeem their tiabllitie* in gold or silver upon
demand or presentation, why? simply be-
otase it was their oontract that they would
do so, and the act of 1840, required them to
comply with' that oontract ‘promptly,* oc
their charters should be forfeited and their
asset* placed In tbe hand* of a Receiver for
tbe payment or tbeir debts aoaordiog to the
provision- ol the sot of 1840. if ft ft mani»
festly apparent that it it the contraot of tbe
banks to redeem tbeir liabilities io gold or
silver upon demand or presentation nnd fell*
ure to do eo te saah a breach of tbeir con
tract u to authorize a forfeiture of tbeir
charters It Is extremely diffloqltto perceive
bow the legislature oauby tbe enactment of
is statute to operate prospective deprive tb*
biU holder of tbe rights and ramedte* wbioh
he had coder that contract without impair
ing Its obligations. The most ntaabwand
effective means which the bill bolder bad for
ltl * *»™rity of bis right* under tb* t
ibtcn bi* *tronge*t In*
and wbioh msy have > .
duoement to mike tbe oontraot, an toft* tote
en away and to tb* extent at tout th* obli
gation of tb* oonuaet te Impaired by tbt
preposed act of the Legtetetara. **d jf so to
that extent tbt *ot If P"*** . woa I , 5 ^
violation of the oonstltntipw ahd void- 1
Upon this constitutional question Judge
!xjySSsE&&rtS
unlmpotUns even though u be tauifeaUy