Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

THE CONSTimiOxNALIST. " J A (VI ES GARD N E R, JR L TERMS. Daily, per annum $8 00 Tri-Weekly, per annum 6 00 If paid in advance • 5 00 Weekly, per annum ™ If paid in advance 2 50 To Clubs, remitting $lO in advance, FIVE COPIES arc sent. This will put our Weekly pa per in the teach of new subscribers at TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. O’Subscribers who will pay up arrearages, and send four new subscribers, with the money, can get the paper at £2 00. (O’All new subscriptions must be paid in ad vance. must be paid dn all communications and letters of business. {From the ,N. "O. Picayune loth inst .] Arrival of the Steamship Galveston. ONE DAT LATER FROM VERA CRUZ. The steamship Galveston, Capt. Haviland, arrived yesterday from Vera Cruz, touching at Tampico and the Brazos. She left Vera Cruz at 2 o’clock on the afternoon of the Bth inst., Tampico on the afternoon of the 10th, and Brazos Santiago on the evening of the 11th. — She arrived at the S. W. Pass on the night of the 13th, having made a very fine rUn. The Gavleston brought no later news di rect from the army of Gen. Scott, for there had been no further arrival of couriers At Vera Cruzs We learn nothing more of the march of Gem Pillow, and remain still in the dark as j to his position. The Palmetto left Vera Cruz shortly after the Galveston and arrived at Tampico on the 10th. She may shortly be ! expected, and possibly may bring later news. From Tampico we have some verbal intelli gence not without interest. The American prisoners had not arrived there, but were at a place about forty leagues distant—probably , Huejutla. On the Bth inst. Col. Deßhsgy, of the Louisiana regiment, left Tampico, at the ; head of about two hundred men, intending to proceed to the relief of the prisoners. lie took with him a small force of the regular ar- ; tillery, a portion of his own regiment and some of the mounted men of Tampico—a serviceble description of the force raised in the town-. It is more than probable that* the colonel will have a brush with the enemy before he gets back. There are said to be pretty strong parties of guerrillas on the route to be follow ed. Out accounts of the health_of Tampico, and especially of the Louisiana regiment, are more favorable. The number of men on the sick list has rapidly decreased, but the remaining cases are somewhat more severe. They are mostly cases of intermittent fever, a few cases of bilious fever have occurred, some of them terminating fatally. There is very little yel low fever in the town, and the cases have been confined to the civil hospital. The fevers which prevail are becoming more malignant as j the season advances. We have news from the city of Mexico by | this arrival, received byway of Tampico, which will be found in another column. It is of much interest. From a file of the Sun of Anahuac* publish* ed at Vera Cruz, we have a few items of intelli* gence. The night of the 7th inst. a light oc curred in Vera Cruz between two Mexicans, in which one stabbed the other so severely that he died instantly. No names given. TheU. S.stcamer Vixen, Capt. Smith, arriv ed at Anton Lizardo on the 4th inst. from Ta basco. She reported a slight skirmish, the particulars of which will be found under an other head, the news having just been received here byway of Mobile. The XT. S. schooer Flirt went up from the naval anchorage to Vera Cruz on the sth inst. and returned the next day. The object of the movement was not known. Capt. Mayo of the navy and Governor of Alvarado, having received intelligence that Father Jaranta was in the vicinity and design ed to surprise and take Alvarado, went off in pursuit of him at the head of one hundred and fifty men, proceeding up the river. At last dates the expedition had not returned to Alvarado, nor had any account been received from it. The editor of the Sun of Anahuac has seen the Republican*) of the 28th June, containing Mr. Buchanan’s letter, with which we are all fa miliar, and the pretended proceedings of an American council of war. Upon the informa tion thus derived, tho editor founds an article which we give below. [His views are more fully developed on the Spanish side, but the English article is sufficient.] As to the court martial alluded to , the proceedings will be found in the news from the city of Mexico. I From the Sun of Anahuac of the Bth itist.] What course will Gen. Scott Pursue f —The late intelligence we have received from Mexi co of the correspondence between Mr. Bu chanan and the Mexican Minister of Foreign Relations, treating of peace, has, it seems to us, altered the course which Gen. Scott was to pursue. We have deferred our remarks until now, because we -were afraid to be too hasty in our speculations. It seems most likely to us that Gen. Scott will not advance any further until he receives orders from Washington to do so. But will the Cabinet at Washington give this order ? We doubt it very much, because it would throw more difficulties in the way of negotia tions. It must have struck the mind of every one who has read the correspondence above al luded to, that the tone of the Mexican Govern ment has altered very much, if we should from the few lines addressed to Mr. Bu chanan by the Mexican Premier in answer to his propositions of peace. We do not see in his letter, any of that arrogance which in every instance before has characterized the Mexican diplomatic correspondence—but on the con trary a pretty polite, though short answer, in which he says that he declines answering to the arguments of Mr. Buchanan, until Con gress, to whom he refers the matter, and who have solely the power to decide, shall have acted upon them. In a note which he ad dresses to Congress, he presses them to take immediate action upon them. But in the meantime what is Gen. Scott to do? Wifi fie take up his line of march for the capital while there are hopes entertained for peace? This is not at all probable. We there fore come to the conclusion that he will not make a step forward until all hopes for con cluding a treaty of peace is lost. Late and Important from Mexico. Council of War in Qcn, Scott's Camp~~ Order to March upon Mexico—March Countermanded — Santa Anna's Preparations —the Column of Honor —letter from Gen. Repub licano upon Mexican Victories , Ac., 3sc, Byway of Tampico we yesterday received a copy of El Republican/) , from the city of Mexi co, of the 30th June; also the number of the 26th, which was musing from our previous file. Both papers contain matter of great in terest. A postscript in the paper of the 28th con tains a report of the proceedings of a council *4 war said to have been held in Gen. Scott’s camp on Thursday, the 24th, the business of which was to determine whether or not to ad vdiice upon the capital. One general, whose name is not given, is said t'o havc argued tMI it would be imprudent, hay, an act qt madness, to advance upon the city with Jess than twen ty thousand men; that upon the sllppbsitioii that everything should work favorably for them, it was evident that they could not enter the capital without resistance; and that sup posing in their different engagements they | should lose half of their force or more, they ; would be left with some four thousand men, I with which number it was extremely hazar ous to attempt to hold so populous a city. Gen. Worth was of a different opinion. He maintained that every invader who hesitated was lost; that in their situation a single retro grade movement involved the most disastrous consequences, and that this had already been proved. He added proudly that six or eight thousand Americans were sufficient to conquer twenty thousand Mexicans; that then triumph was certain and there was ro reason for not pressing on. Gen. Scott and others are said to have approved these sentiments, so that it was at hist determined that they should com- | mence tire forward movement on the 28th, but 1 upon the suggestion of some one that it might not be proper to act so promptly after having just despatched the communication from the Government of the United States with renew- , ed offers of peace, Gen. Scott replied that he j would wait some days at Rio Frio to receive the answer of the Mexican Government. The American force at the time of this coun cil was set down by the Mexicans at eight thousand five hundred men, thirty pieces of | artillery and one mortar. Tire ’Republicano remarks upon this informa- j lien: “We believe the Americans have com- ! promised their situation beyond measure; and i even in the event, certainly very difficult, that ; they win triumphs upon triumphs, their Very victories will cah.se their ruin.” The council above spoken df, Waft held 6n the 24th. It is not alluded to in the Star of Pue bla of the 26th nor in Mr. Kendall’s letters ! which come down, to the 36th. Yet the facts ; are said to be derived from a responsible source ' andthey look plausible—Gen. Worth’s opinions | particularly so. The RepabUcano of the 29 th, i ! says nothing about the subject, but in the ! paper of the 30th is another postscript to which 1 is prefixed- in large letters “Very Important.” This postscript mentions the receipt of letters | announcing the debarkation of 1800 men at Vera Cruz from Tampico, who had marched ' immediately for Puebla. (This is probably 4 Gen. Cadwallader’s detachment.) The letters further said that Gen Scott had already ordered the march of the first brigade, consisting of fifteen hundred troops with ten guns and a mortar, towards the city of Mexico when he learned that the train was detained at Nopalucan 1 [forty-two miles this side of Puebla and fifty- 1 one beyond Perotc;] —that he thereupon conn- , termanded the march upon Mexico, and des- | patched a force to the assistance of the train j coming up. The letters then speak of the rc- ; view of the troops which took place on the 26th. The number of troops is again set down at 8,500 men, without including those who occupy the fortifications of San Juan, Loreto, i &c. But the most important paragraph is that Gen. Scott would probably postpone his march i upon the city until the 10th July, to allow these reinforccmects to come up. We give these various pieces of news as we find them, but the reader will constantly bear in mind that our advices direct from Puebla are later than these by the city of Mexico. Tile Jk Republicano , in this same postscript, thinks it very probable that Gen. Taylor will abandon Saltillo, Matamoros and other towns in the North of Mexico and shortly proceed to I Vera Cnlz to Sssist in the taking of the cap ital, which is rtow, it adds, the object of the aspirations of the Americans* It is very anx j foils that the Government should direct Gens. : Valencia arid Salas, how at Sail Luis, that they ! harrass the retreat of Oeri. Taylor. We see an order of Santa Anna issued on the 29th, admitting provisions of various kinds 1 into the city free of ditty* This is to last only as long as martial law prevails, i Another order has been issued modifying A j previous one directing the closing of shops ! I every afternoon. They are now to be closed ! i only on Tuesdays. The object of closing the shops was to compel every body to turn out for military drill. On the 28th,Gen. Santa Anna issued through the Secretary of war a brief but stringent dc ! cree to this effect: ’The army of the enemy be ' ing upon the eve of moving upon the capital with a view to attack the same, and the mo ment having arrived to act boldly, energetical ly and uniformly, to repel our common enemy in a manner decisive and happy for our arms, it is decreed that martial law having been de clared, it shall be strictly enforced, and that no j other authority whatever shall be recognised than that of the general in command of the army of the East. This General is Lombar dini. The decree is followed up by another greatly restricting the intercourse between the city and country, and pointing out who may go and come. The details would be uninter esting here. The Republicano urges the formation of a body of troops under the name of Columna dn Honor —something like the Legion of Honor— in which officers of all grades not actually on duty in defence of the city shall serve as pri vate soldiers. Quite an eloquent article is de voted to the support of this subject, but Santa Anna will look with a jealous eye upon every suggestion coming from this quarter. Robberies are said to be very frequent in the capital, and no adequate force is detailed to prevent them. The Republicano blames the Government for not communicating at once with Mr. Trist, without referring the subject matter of Sir. Buchanan’s letter to Congress. It holds that it is the business of the Executive thus to manage negotiations, and refer the result to the wisdom of Congress. Besides, it says, 1 that in all probability it will be impossible to I procure a quorum of Congress. To refer over -1 tures thus is to break them off in the outset. I That paper takes good care to prevent the in ference from this remark that it favors peace. It is on the contrary, open-mouthed for war. It would not grant a truce for a single day, nor omit preparations for defence. However, it concludes its article by trusting that the Ex ecutive, as well as Congress will show thera seles “extremely difficult” in relation to peace, i and not consent to one unless the conclusion of it shall protect in every particular the hon or, the good name and the interests of the na tion. We regard this as a concession on the part of the Republicano and of good omen for peace. We hear not a word of the American offi cers, prisoners in Mexico. We fear their hopes of liberation are to be again for some days de ferred. The papers contain accounts of several out rages committed by Americans in Puebla. We do not believe a word of them. Some of the stories are utterly preposterous. One paper pretends that Gen. Scott is driv en to make a desperate attempt upon the capi tal by the scantiness of his resources and the discontent of the volunteers ! Mexicans are not unprepared for him, it adds. We have the decree of Santa Anna by which he endeavors to prevent the introduction into the country of goods entered at ports in our possession. It declares all such goods forfeited. We have not room for the details to-day. Our readers may recollect that some time since our correspondent at Saltillo informed us of a great excitement occasioned there by the arrival of two Mexican officers from San Luis with despatches from Gen. Taylor. They were supposed to be propositions for peace, but turned out to be solemn inquiries whether it was the General's intention “to conduct the Avar according to manner adopted by the C amajiches.” The wrath of Gen. Taylor at this preposterous insolence of the Mexicans was described as ludicrous, but we have never seen his reply till now'. In the Mexican papers lately received, the whole correspondence is given in Spanish. The letter to Gen. Taylor was from Gen. Mora y \ illamil, and dated the 10th May. THe letter is long and we have no idea of translating it, and the impudence of it was not a whit exaggerated by our corres pondent. The nature of it will be sufficiently disclosed by Gon. Taylor’s reply, which we translate, although we feel what injustice his terse and elegant style will suffer by the dou ble translation. The letter is said to be dated, Headquarters, near Monterey ,May 10, 1817. SiV—l received yesterday your communica tion of the 10th inst, which informs me that you are instructed by the President Substitute of the Republic to address me, with a view to demand from me a categorical reply—“whether my wishes and my instructions are to prosecute the war in conformity to the laws of nations and as war is conducted by civilized countries, or as barbarous tribes carry it on among them selves, it being understood that Mexico is dis posed and resolved to accept the manner which is proposed or carried out, and awaits the re sult in order to dictate its measures according * If these instructions were not communicated to me through an authorityas highly respecta ble as yourself, I should refuse to believe they emanated from the Chief Magistrate of the Republic, containing, as in fact they do contain in my judgment, an implied but not less de liberate insult towards me and towards the Government which I have the honor to repre sent. Viewing them in this light, I shall decline giving the categorical reply which is demanded Os me, which I do with the respect due t-o his Excellency the President. As you have thought fit to communicate to { me the instructions of your Government at ' some length, upon the manner in which the war has been Carried on upon my part, I im prove this Opportunity to make some remarks j upon the subject-. The outrages to which especial reference is made, came to niy knowledge after they had been perpetrated, and I Can Assure you that , neither yourself nor the President of the Re- ! plihlic can have felt deCpCr pain than that which I felt on the Occasion; All the means i at my disposal, within the limits of our laws, wore* employed, but in the greater number of cases fruitlessly, to identify aiid punish the 1 delinquents. 1 cannot suppose that you have been so ill informed as to believe that such at rocities were comhitted by my connivance, or der or consent, or that they, by themselves, i give an idea of the manner iii which the war has been prosecuted in this part of Mexico.— I They were in truth unfortunate exceptions, caused by circumstances which I could not con trol. . . : It appears to hie in point to inform yolt, that i from the moment the American army Set foot ! upon the territory of Mexico, it has suffered I individually the loss of officers and soldiers who have been assasainated by Mexicans, some times almost in sight of their own camp. Art outrage of this character preceded the melan choly affair of Catena. Ido not mention these truths with the view of justifying in any manner the practice of retaliation, because ray Government is sufficiently civilized to make a distinction between the lawless acts of indivi duals and the general policy which governs the ; i operations of the enemy, but you have endea i vored to made a comparison between our res pective Governments in regard to the manner in which they conduct the war, which I cannot p:iss without remark. In this connection it should be borne in mind that the Mexican troops j have given to the wmld the example of killing the wounded upon Hie field of battle. As you have adverted to the requisition which I have made upon the people of these j States to make indemnity for the losses incur- j red by the destruction of one of our trains, I j i take the liberty of informing you that this 1 | was not the actof the Mexican troops exclu- j j sively, but the rancheros of the country ; I were chiefly concerned in it; and that the sub- | sequent assassination aud mutillution of the Unarmed teamsters were marked by an atro cious barbarity unequ died in the present war. j It is with pain that I find myself under the necessity of addressing you in a manner to which I am little accustomed; but I have been provoked to do so by the object and the man- ! ner of your communication, which is objec- j tiouable, in my estimation, as well in its insin- j nations as in its tone. With respect to the j implied threat of retaliation, I beg you to un derstand that I hold it at its true worth, and | that lam at all times prepared to act accord ingly, whatever may be the policy or mode of carrying on the war which the Mexican Gov- • j eminent or its generals may think it proper to ■ adopt. I am, sir, with much respect, your j obedient servant. One of the marked features in Santa Anna’s new policy is the.profusion with which he is i issuing military commissions. Eight hundred j and thirty-five were issued in one month from the 24th of May last, nearly all of them being promotions. The Itejmblicano comments upon this subject at length, and with freedom.- — From the body of its article we translate a pas sage, which shows in what estimation sensible meu in Mexico hold the performances of their own army: It is worthy of note that this prodigality of j military honors could not be more ill-timed or ( worse received than at this moment, when, far from having victories to reward, we have only seen defeats to reprobate. It is now only a little more than a year since there was upon the soil of the Republic an enemy’s army of four thousand men upon the for side of the Rio Bravo, which refused to take the initiative.— To-day, at the end of one year, through the dispositions of the military who were in power, and the conduct of the military who obeyed orders, we find that a handful of men, for the most part without discipline and without the powerful resource of cavalry, are now in Pue bla without having suffered hitherto a single defeat. Our army has succumbed without fortune, without glory. Palo Alto, La Re saca, Monterey, Ei Sacramento, Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo are names which our descendants will blush to pronounce. We cau only speak the name of La Angostura, and this because there the Mexican soldier proved his intrepidi ty —otherwsse there is no doubt that that un decisive action was as disastrous as a defeat. — This campaign of one year has been every way fatal to our reputation by the manner in which we succumbed. At Palo Alto and Resaca we took the initiative without the precaution which good sense counsels for the event, al ways possible, of a defeat; aud thus the Mexi can army only passed the Rio Bravo to con tinue its retreat from Matamoros and retire to Monterey, there to sign an ignominious capit ulation after a short siege, in which the be siegers were fewer in number than the besieged —The attack upon Vera Cruz having been an nounced since January, it was resolved to de fend that city for the purpose of confessing af terwards that defence was impossible, and not only to lose vast materials of war and subject the citizens to a horrible bombardment, and that we might reckon among our misfortunes the fate of an army which, without losing the twentieth part of its force, laid down its arms and surrendered as prisoners of Avar. And to conclude, in the disgraceful affair of Cerro Gordo, our route was so complete that that pqjjstr being carried, four thousand of theenemy i have advanced as far as Puebla without hear ing a single gun fired against them ! To just ify the creation of military employment, it is necessary that the nation should have oppor tunity to rewt rd the glorious services which she expects from her sons on the field of bat tle. Then public regard will accompany com missions founded upon these deeds, but which, Avithout such deeds, are not to be endured. An American writer could hardly sum up more justly the events of the war. It is to be remarked that very shortly after the appear ance of the article from which we have extract ed, Santa Anna laid his hand heavily upon the press. The later papers we have from the cap ital are by no means so interesting or instruc tive as those isstlcd just prior to his interfer ence with. the liberty ot the press. Chicago Convention. —Ueclaraticms of* Sentiments; The Convention submit to their fellow-citi zens and to the Federal Government, the fol lowing propositions, as expressing their own sentiments and those of their constituents; 1 . That the Constitution of the United .States was formed by practical men for practical pur poses, declared in its preamble: “To provide for the common defence, to promote the gen eral welfare, and to secure the blessings of lib erty;” and Avas mainly designed to create a Government whose functions should and would be adequate to the protection of tho common interests of all the States, or of tAvo or more of them, which could not be maintained by the action of the separated States. That in strict accordance Avith this object, the revenues de rived from commerce Avcre surrendered to the General Government, with the express under standing that they should be applied to the promotion of those common interests. 2. That among those common interests and objects were —Ist. Foreign commerce, to the regulation of which the powers of the States severally were confessedly inadequate; and 2d. Internal trade and navigation, Avherever the concurrence of two or more States was neces sary to its preservation, or where the expense of its maintenance should be equitably borne by two or more States, and Avhei'e of course those States must necessarily have a voice in its regulation; and hence resulted the consti tutional grant of poAvcr to Congress, “to regu | late commerce with foreign nations and among I the States.” 3. That being thus possessed both of the means and of the power Avhich were denied to the States respectively, Congress became obli gated by every consideration of good faith and Common justice, to cherish and increase both j ihc kinds of commerce thus committed to its care, by Expanding and extending the means of conducting them, and of affording them all those facilities and all that protection which the States ind'iA’idually would have afforded, j had the revenue and the authority been left to , them. 1 4. That obligation has ever been recognised from the foundation of the Government, and j lias been fulfilled partially by erecting light houses, building piers for harbors, breakwaters, ' and sea-walls, removing obstructions in rivers, and providing other facilities for the commerce | carried on from the ports of the Atlantic coast; and the obligations have been fulfilled to a much less extent in providing Similar facili ties for a “commence among the States,” and the principle has been most emphatically acknoAvledged to embrace the Western lakes and fivers, by appropriations for numerous lighthouses upon them, which appropriations have never been questioned in Congress as wanting constitutional authority; 5. That thus; by a series of acts which have received the sanction of the people of the Uni ted States, imd of every Department of the Federal Government under all Administra tions, the common understanding of the intent and objects of the framers of the constitution in granting to Congress the poAver td regiilatc commerce, has been manifested, arid has been confirmed by the people, and this understand ing has become as much a part of that instrii j ment as any one of its most explicit provisions.- i 0. That the poAvcr to “regulate commerce j with foreign nations, and among the States, | and A\ r ith the Indian tribes,” is on its face so i palpably applicable in its Avhole extent to each i of the subjects enumerated, equally and in the same manner, as to render any attempts to make it more explicit idle and futile; and that those Avlio admit the rightful application of the 1 power to foreign commerce, by facilitating and protecting its operations, b}' impoA'ing harbors j aud clearing out xxavigable riA'ers, cannot con ! sistently deny that it equally authorizes simi i lar facilities to “commerce among the States.” i 7. That “foreign commerce” is dependant I upon internal trade for the distribution of its I freights, and for the means of paying for them, | so that Avhatevcr improves the one advances ! the other, and they are so inseparable that they should be regarded as one; that an export from the American shore to a British port in Cana -1 da, is as much foreign commerce as if it had i been directly to Liverpool, and that an expor | tation to LiA'crpool neither gains nor loses any i of the characteristics of foreign commerce by i the directness or circuity of the route; wheth- I er it passes through a custom-house on the i British side of the St. LaAvrence, or descends through that river and its connecting canals to the ocean, or Avhcther it passes along the ar tificial communications and natural streams of any of the States to the Atlantic. 8. That the General GoA'emment, by ex tending its j urisdictiou over lake and naA'iga ble rivers, subjecting them to the same laws Avhich prevail on the ocean, and on its bays i and ports, not only for purposes of revenue, | but to give security to life and property, by the regulations of steamboats, has precluded itself from denying that jurisdiction for any other legitimate regulation of commerce. If it has power to control aud restrain—it must have the same power’to protect, assist, and facilitate; and, if it denies the jurisdiction in the one mode of action, it should renounce it in the other. 9. That, in consequence of the peculiar dan gers of the naA'igation of the lakes, arising from the Avant of harbors for shelter, and of the Western riA'ers from snags aud other obstruc tions, there are no parts of the U. S. more emphatically demanding the prompt and con tinued care of the Government to diminish those dangers, and to protect the property and life exposed to them; and that any one Avho can regard provisions for those purposes as sectional, local, and not national, must be Avant ing in information of the extent of the com merce carried on upon those lakes and riA’ers, and of the amount of teeming population oc cupied or interested in that navigation. 10- That, having regard to the relative popu lation or to the extent of commerce, the appro priations heretofore made for the interior rivers and lakes, and the streams connecting them Avith the ocean, have not been in a just and fair proportion of those made for the benefit of the Atlantic coast; and that the time has ar rived Avhen this injustice should be corrected in the only mode in which it can be done by the united, determined, and persevering efforts of those Avhose rights have been oA’erlooked. 11. That, independent of the right to pro tection of “Comraesce among the States,” the right of “common defence” guarantied by the constitution, entitles those citizens inhabiting the country bordering upon the interior hikes and rivers, to such safe and convenient harbors as Avill afford shelter to a navy, AA r hcnever it shall be rendered necessary by hostilities Avith our neighbors, and that the construction of such harbors cannot safely be delayed to the time Avhich will demand their immediate use. 12. That the argument most commonly n urged against appropriations to protect “Com merce among the States,” and to de.end the inhabitants of the frontiers, that they invite sectional combinations to ensure success o many unAvorthy objects, is founded on a prac tical* distrust of the republican principles ot our Government, and of the capacity ot tne peonle to select competent and honest repre sentatives. That it may be urged with equal force against legislation upon any other sub ject, involving various and extensi\’e interests. That a just appreciation of the rights and in terests of our fellow-citizens, in every quarter of the Union, disclaiming selfish and local pur poses, will lead intelligent representatives to such a distribution of the means in the xrea sury upon a system of moderation aud ulti mate equality, aa will in time meet the most urgent wants of all. and prevent those jealou sies and suspicions Avhich threaten the most serious danger to our Confederacj’. 13. That we are utterly incapable of per ceiving the difference between a harbor for shelter and a harbor for commerce, and sup pose that a mole or pier, Avhich will afford safe anchorage aud protection to a vessel against a storm, milst necessarily improve such harbor, and adapt it to commercial purposes. 14. That the imposts on foreign goods and the public lands being the common heritage of all our citizens, so long as these resources con tinue, the imposition of any special burden on any portion of the people to obtain the means of accomplishing objects equally within the duty and the competency of the General Go vernment, Avould be unjust and oppressive. 15. That we disavow all and every attempt to connect the cause of internal trade and “Commerce among the States” with the for tunes of any political party; but Ave mean to place that cause upon such immutable princi ples of truth, justice, and constitutional duty as shall command the respect of all parties, and the deference of all candidates for public favor. dngiista, (Georgia. FOR GOVERNOR HON. 0. W. TOWMS. OF TALBOT. The members of the Convention Avere fully aAvare that Mr. Welmot, Avho introduced the proviso, isa Democrat; that this attack upon slavery originated in the Democratic ranks; aud that it meets Avith more favor among North ern Democrats than Northern Whigs. — Chron icle <Sf Sentinel, 20th inst. Can it be possible that the editor who pen ned the aboA’e paragraph, in reference to the late Democratic Convention of this State, be lieA'es what is here asserted? Does he belieA’e that that Convention Avas aware that this at tack upon slavery (the Wilmot Proviso) meets i with more favor among Northern Democrats than j Northern Whigs?" The editor believes no such thing. The editor knotrs that the Convention Avas not a- Avare of the fact here assorted. The editor ought to know, and if he recollects the A’ote both in the U; S. Senate and in the House, he does knowj that the Wilmot Proviso received the vote of everg Northern Whig, and that five Northern Democrats, in the Senate, and seventeen North ern Democrats; in the House, A'oted against ! the Wilmot ProA'iso. That Proviso was de feated by means of these very Northern Demo-* cratic votes; I It is a little singular that any one, in the j i"ery teeth of these facts, can assert that the j Wilmot Proviso meets Avith more faA'or among j Northern Democrats than Northern Whigs, i The exact reverse of this assertion is true. The editor cannot name a single Northern Whig Avho does not favor the Wilmot Pro viso; Hard to Answer. The Cassville Pioneer, after stating iri reply to the revived slang of Ezekiel Polk being a Tory in the rcA’olutiori, that the people of Georgia and of the Union hailed that rap to the counter in 1844, asks the following ques tions; “Was Zeke Polk a Tory?” “Had he not (proA'ided he did) the' same right to oppose the war of ’7G, as the Whig-3 j of this day have of opposing the war with j Mexico?” “What difference is there in opposing the present Avar, and that of ’76?” “Are not the rights of our country as sacred noAV as they were then?” The following are also some of its comments on another question, which, has been A r ery per tinently asked; “ Who is Duncan L. Clinchf —Friend Camp bell of the Federal Union, asks the above question, and avc think A-ery properly too, as Duncan L. is a man of very little reputation, and none, only his military fame, which he ac quired at the battle of Withlacoochee, in a skirmish with the Seminoles. But who is Dun can L. Clinch? The Whig papers answer, who, surely, but the “Hereof Withlacoochee .” And Ave say, Avho, but the “ Hero as Withlacoochee?” If they can tell us he is any thing else, we’ll “gub it up .” One of our whig exchanges says: “They (the people) have not forgotten his brief but brilliant career as a member of Congress.” Well uoav that takes our “old hat.” What do you mean? The “brief” part is plain enough, but what do you mean by “brilliant?” Do you mean that he Avent to Washington and never opened his “mouth” —sat in his place,, and looked as know ing as possible,—is that what you call brilliant? If you call it by that name, it is the first time avc have ever heard it so called. The same paper says he is an “admirer of our present able Chief Magistrate.” Well who doubts that —he may be an admirer of Gov. CraAvford, but has that any thing to do with, “who is Duncan L. Clinch?” avc think not, and we further think, that many such silly answers will be made, before the people are satisfied “who Duncan L. Clinch is?” The Chicago Convention. This body has put forth a string of resolu tions Avhich it denominates “A Declaration of Sentiments.” All except the 6th passed with unanimity. They Avcre cautiously framed in order to prevent division and excitement, yet while they do not perhaps actually infringe on the constitutional scruples of the strict con structionist, they may serve as an opening wedge to the most lavish expenditures of the National Treasury. There Avould be nothing very alarming in their specious generalities, Avere it not that the Convention manifested the most marked impatience at all allusions to the restrictions imposed by the constitution. It Avould not hear Mr. D. D. Field, a strict con structionist, Avithout frequent tokens of disap probation, and the strangest desire was exhibit ed to silence him. Whereas, the Hon, An dreAv Stewart and other speakers A\’ho were the most notorious latitudinaxians were listened to 'with, pleasure and applause. The most lati tudinous views were well received. We feel no hostility to the West, or to that section interested In the navigation of the great waters of the West—both lakes and rivers.— Nor would we willingly see those waters ex | fiom a fair share of the legislative boun ty, constitutionally applied. But when juris diction is claimed for Congress over all “navi- 9 ablc rivers ,” as is done in the eighth resolution of this Convention, the door is thrown wide open for expenditures, which, under a system of log-rolling, would exhaust the richest trea sury that was ever known to the world. What is a navigable river, admits of a very widesig niticution, and every resident on the side of the most modest rivulet, may in time claim to be one of the beneficiaries of the constistution al powers so conceded. Mr. Webster in his letter to the Convention gives the whole figure in favor of rivers and harbors. All distinctions as to rivers or harbors from size or length, or depth or location he denounces as “unnatural and far-fetched.” The Albany Atlas happily applies to Mr. Webster’s views of the powers of government over the question, the story of the Western Steamboat Captain, who said “ha could run his boat wherever it was a little damp.” Mr. W ebster thinks government can clear out a river or construct a harbor when ever it is a little dam.” The Whigs generally showed at that Con vention a determination to carry the internal improvement doctrine to the farthest limits. Going the Higrht Way to Work. The attention of all good democrats is espe cially invited to the following proceedings of their brethren of Walker County. Those ’ Walker County democrats show themselves to be sensible men .and take the correct view of the exigencies of the case in the present can vass. We hold it to lx 4 a moral impossibility that the whig party of Georgia can triumph id the approaching election, if tho people are duly informed of the position of that party upon ! all questions at issue. Their doctrines and principles can never receive the deliberate sanction of Republican Georgia —Never—Nev- er. If the people will read ana inform them selves, they will not allow federalism to fcreep into the high places of power irt our State. They will not allow it to spedk the voice Os the State —to sever her from her democratic sisters of the South, and throw her into tho embrace of the whig and abolition States of the North. 'They never will allow her to be arrayed side by side with federal Massachu setts —fighting side by side in the caufse of whig principles and giving her voice and her • influence in their favor. The whigs are con tending for whig principles—they so declare bv their recent convention. If whig prikCj pcks be the same in Georgia and in Massachu setts —and throughout the Union, mid the convention has not pointed out any difference; then it is clear whig principles suit not the lati tude of Georgia. She has spoken her opinion against them in refusing to vote for Henry Clav, the great champion of those principles, and she will speak that opinion again. She will not allow herself to be defrauded by the shallow trick of the whigs irt putting up Gen. Taylor as their candidate —as the champion of whig principles, in the face of his distinct refusal to b© that candidate, or to favor their party schemes. He refuses to be the candidate of the whig party. That party therefore attempts a fraud upon the people in falsely asserting that he is the candidate of the whig party. The democrats of Walker county have re commended the true remedy against fraud and imposition'. They recommend that newspa pers be subscribed for and circulated among £hc people. They will thereby be enabled to tote Intelligently, and calmly; They will know who they vote for, and what principles their totes trill Sustain; They will not lx? influ enced fey the' dr dirt and fife humbug, attempt ed to be imposed upon them by the Whig Convention by its military rformnation; They ■will teach that convention! that it has under rated their intelligence, in stfppoSlhg that tho popular mind could be drowned by the noise# of a drum and fife, and thus be gulled into 1 the support of federal principles and federal policy which Georgia has uniformly opposed and re pudiated. Democratic Meeting- in Walker. According to previous notice, a portion of the Democratic party of Walker county met in the coui*t-house, for the purpose of extend ing an invitation to the Hon. G. W. Towns, the Democratic nominee for Governor, to visit this section of country during the canvass. On motion, of Col. E. 11. Harden, it w as Resolved , That a committee of five be ap pointed, by the Chairman, to address a letter i of invitation to the Hon. G. W. Towns, to visit j this county as early as convenient. Thereupon the Chairman appointed James Hays, R. M. Ay cock, E. R. Harden, R. M. Young, and D. Stew-art, that committee. On motion of li. M. Aycock, the meeting recommended that the Democrats of Walker county subscribe for, and circulate, as far aa practicable, some Democratic paper, to the end that the people be correctly informed of the question at issue between the political par ties of the State. On motion, it w'as Resolved , That the proceedings of this meet ing be published in the Georgia Pioneer, The meeting then adjourned. SAMUEL FARISS, Chairman, E. W. Maush, Sec’y. Murderers Arrested. We learn that two of the negroes of Dr. Rogers, of Bryan county, who absconded after murdering a very valuable negro driver of Dr, R. have been arrested and committed to tho jail of this county.— Savannah Georgian . For Congress. The Democrats of the Fourth Congressional District of Maryland, which embraces the first fifteen wards of Baltimore, have nominated Robert M. McLane, Esq. as their candidate for Congress. 3ft, The Greenville Mountaineer of the 16th mst says:—“lt is with pleasure we learn that tho Hon. B, F. Perry has consented to be a candi date for Congress at the- next election, the Hon,. R. F. Simpson having given notice to his friends that he declines a re-election. Major Perry’s term of service in the Senate of this State will expire with the next session of the , Legislature,"