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THE CONSTITUTIONALIST. JAMES GARDNER, JR. | TERMS. Daily, per annum $8 00 Tri-Weekly, per annum 6 00 If paid in advance 5 00 Weekly, per annum 00 If paid in advance 2 50 To Clubs, remitting $lO in advanck, FIVE COPIES are sent. This will put our \\ eekly pa per in the reach of new subscribers at TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. ff who will pay up arrearages, and send four new subscribers, n ilh the money, can get the paper at $ 2 00. IFT’AII new subscriptions must be paid in ad vance. must be paid on all communications and letters of business. ITO PIUS IX—By Mrs. Butler. It may bfe that the stone which thou art heaving From off thy people’* neck shall fall and crush thee; •Itmuy he that the sudden flood shall push thee From off the rock, whence, prophet-like, believing In God’s great future, thou dost set it free; Yet heave it, heave it. Heaven high, nor fear To be o’erwheluv'd in the first wild career Os those long-prison'd tides of liberty. That stone which thou hast lifted from the heart Os a whole nation, shall become to thee A glorious monument, such as no art E'er piled above a mortal memory; Falling beneath it, thou shaft have a, tonfb That shall make low tire loftiest dome in Rome SBRBIVADB—From the Spanish. Speak ray heart- t -speak my heart—whence comes this anguish? Is there BO cheering hope in store for thee? Alas for thee—alas for thee! —no smile of gladness Shall light again my dark despondency. Can there he hope along with pining care? Can there he joy if thou thy lore deny? Life has no charm to drown my deep despair— “ Without thy love 'twere better lar to die.” The earth, when deck’d in all its beauteous flutters, j In the soft light of calm and tranquil day, Cannot arrest the laughing, rosy hours That linger near thee, in their sportive way ; And the sweet birds, while carrolling along At dewy eve, beneath a golden sky. Are mute whene’er thy voice is breath’d in sonjy— ‘•Without thv love ’twere better far to die.” iVt’i o Orleans<. H. G. it. j zj[Prom De Bor 's Commercial Rerictc.] The Cotton Worm.—lts History, Charac- j ter, Visitations, &c. Bayou Sara, June 1, IS 17. The following ale some remarks on the na- j tuni of the cotton Hy of 1846; being a sequel | to a dissertation, on the Usefulness of a know- j ledge of the natural history of insects, written last winter. I send you that portion only ' which treats of the Cotton Hy as falling more especially within the province iff your periodi cal. This mamiscript would hot have sought a place Upon your pages had hot hiy attention l»een drawn to it by the ill-founded apprehen- 1 sions of many planters concerning the present existence of the cotton worm, an eveiit utterly ! impossible, for if it make its appearance at all tbis season, it most certainly will not do so un til the cotton plant has attained its greatest maturity. I see also, in your Review, a corii imm;cation claiming to show the means by which the army worm may be effectually eradicated, in which is displayed the greatest ignorance as to the general laws which govern the insect world. The writer states that the chrysalis of the cotton fly may be ploughed up, and thus destroyed, &c. Now, those chrysa lis never go in the ground at all, but are in variably attached to something above the sur face. This is a fact that could not have es caped the attentive observer, I ask how a chrysalis, invariably formed above ground and incapable of locomotion, is to work its way be neath the soil? As to the insect, on any con dition, secreting itself in the earth, beneath the bark of trees, under fallen timber, &e., it is altogether a mistake,if not an absurdity, and easier asserted than proved. In treating of the cotton fly in the following pages, my aim has been to found my assertions upon general principles, and though the practised entomolo gist may find some inaccuracies in the detail, yet I insist upon the principles as universal and incontrovertible. Let us now pass to the consideration of the cotton fly, premising, however, before enter ing into an examination of this .destructive little moth, that my remarks are intended less to enlighten others* than to elicit information f ora some one who is better able to inform the public mind on the interesting subject. As for myself, I must confess that my limited obser vations do not justify me in coming to any positive conclusions, and have by no means satisfied my curiosity, but my information, such as it is, I give in the following pages, with the hope that however imperfect it may prove in the main, yet that some mite of infor mation may be gleaned from it. It is impos sible to think for a moment that this species of moth has escaped the observation of ento mologists, for the plant upon which it feeds, to the absolute exclusion of all others, (being the great staple production of many countries,) must have brought it into notice at various times and at various places. From its uni vorous nature, (to coin a word,) it must have been coeval with and inseparable from the exis tence of the cotton plant. My principal mo tive for broaching this subject is on account of the sequent remark made, and fears en tertained, that the army worm would become an annual plague. But since I have investi gated their nature, I have come to the con clusion that these fears are groundless, and the cotton fly can never become naturalized in out climate. The first crruption, as I am informed by an eld planter, that this insect made on the cotton fields of Louisiana, was about the year 1820, when its progress was marked with the same , utter destruction of the cotton crop as in the | subsequent year of their appearance. It then disappeared until ’4O. a period of twenty years. , There is something singular and unaccountable j in the periods of this insect, some thing vastly i different from the periodicities of others which we find with us, for they appear to be gov erned bv some fixed laws; the most of them are annual,'very few biennial. Now, the grasshop per, house-fly and musquito may be looked for at the return of summer with as much con- 1 fidence and certainty as we look for the revolu tions of the seasons. The cicada septemdecein never fails to make his appearance once in sev enteen years. But who can tell whether the cotton fly will appear next year or fifty years hence? No scourge, whether under the form of a devouring insect or that of a malignant disease, ever became annual in one particular place. Look at the locust of Egypt; suppose that voracious insect to become annual, the prolific valley of the Nile, once the granary of Asia and Europe, would become a howling des ert. Look at the plague that devastates some ' times Smyrna and Constantinople; did the cause of that distemper act with the like in tensity at each return ot the season, those flourishing cities would long since hiue been numbered with Thebes and Memphis. Let the cholera or yellow fever prevail in New Orleans «very year, as it has|at times, and that {great emporium of the Southwest would become a puny village. Is there not an invisible liana that sways the destinies of the "World? a hand that stays the devastations of plague, pestilence * and famine: wnw .ara iwr'« n-M-na The cotton fly belongs to,that j of insects known ts. naturalists under .'the'term ! ofphalena or moth tribe. It rescpiblcs the butterfly tribe in maiiy respects,.ljnt its chief point of difference is that all moths fly at night and are attracted by bright lights, 'and may be scon darting through the flame of a /candle during the summer and fall months, to the great annoyance of those who disire the benefit of its light. Butterflies fly only during the day. 'Hie following are its specific characters, without the techicalities made use of by the j naturalist, so far as they could well be avoid- | ed: Antennae, or little horns projecting from the head, setaceous or terminating a point like a bristle, of a drab color, and live lines in length, j being about half of the length of the body. | j Wings ipeumbent, deflexa; under surface of thorax or breast of a dull silvery white insensi bly terminating on the abdomen and wings in a color tending to a russet; tbe upper surface of the wings and back varying somewhat in different individuals, but generally of a chan- • geable golden color with ferruginous zigzag lines traversing the surface transversely; pos- ; terror margin bordered with a narrow strip of , pale pink color, with small denticulations. On I the upper surfeco of the wings there arc two \ j black spots, one on each, about the middle of j ; the base; legs white, the four posterior very i long when compared with the front ones, which I arc short and slender; the tail simple. The ; length of this insect is about nine lines from j head to tail. Expansion of the wings at the tips about the same measurement. To con clude, I will add that the shape of this moth is very much like that of an isosclcs triangle, | with the line forming the base inflected inward ly about two lines. This peculiar figure is i produced by the exterior angle of the upper wings projecting beyond that of the interim i angle. , • ' | During the present year, the time that ray observations commenced for the first time, the i cotton flv again made its appearance in the latter part of August, at first making but lit tle progress, but about the middle of Seplcm- i her their numbers increased so prodigiously, | j that in many instances they would eat over a | field of several hundred acres in four or eight | j days. The number of eggs deposited by the , . female is uncertain; they arc smaller than a j mustard seed, and always deposited bn the under surface of the leaf* during the night; in , a few davs their eggs hatch'. The worm, at §rst a minute living point, tails immediately to j I work to devour the leaf; its growth is rapid, ■ for its labors cease not night nor day until it ar- , | rives at maturity; it then winds itself up into ■ I a loaf by means of a web resembling cptnrcb, | j casts its skin and changes into a chrysalis, iii i which state it remains ten days, then it bursts i the thin walls of the chrysalis, and comes forth a perfect insect. In turn, it begins the work ; of re-production, deposits eggs, and in ten more j days it dies. Thus in every ten days there is an addition- j al generation, and they go on increasing ad in finitum. As soon as the leaves were consum j *ed in a field, this great army took up its march: i , some in search of comfortable quarters, where j i they might repose from their labors; others on a foraging expedition to replenish the means of \ their subsistence. They first took shelter in j the first leaf they met with, but generally they ; : proceeded as far as the fence, a barrier beyond ■ which they never travelled, where they found a plentiful supply of leaves in which they cn i veloped themselves. The second division ex j tended their march much farther, sometimes | travelling half a mile from the point whence they started, perishing by cart-loads for want ! of food arid the many casualties to which their journey subjected them, such as carriage ; wheels, heat of the sun, and the rapacity of i birds. 1 Hero then it would appear was an end of the j cotton worm, for a season at least; for those which yet remain iri chrysalis in the fence cor | ners, will change to aAy in fen days. But where are now the cotton IcaVes upon which the pregnant female is to deposit her eggs: — There is not one left. If they arc placed on any other leaf the eggs may btlt the i worm must perish, as we Have just seen them perishing by myriads while wcmling their v ay I through a various and luxuriant herbage in | search of that food intended for them by na ture. In ton days from the time that the worm | becomes a chrysalis on the borders of the cot j ton field, a host of flies are seen issuing thcrc i from: they go forth in search of food for their forthcoming progeny; now it is to be found their days are numbered, in ten more if they meet with no cotton leaves they themselves must die, and thus put an end to the whole | race. But their search is continued, and now when the weary insert is ready to finish its term of days, a tender but sparse f diage j crowns the leafless twigs of the cotton plant, on them the eggs are deposited: they hatch, the worm eats, returns again to its chrysalis. The cotton stock still puts forth new leaves, they grow and expand until the fields again look green; ten days, ay, forty elapse, yet there is not a worm to be found. One would have thought that this second crop of leaves would scarcely have been sufficient for a second re past for them, yet the food they so lately de • voured with such voraciousness is now left ■ untouched. What is the matter? Why don’t i ' they eat, their food is spread before them?— Read on, the answer w ill be found in the se quel. Let us examine the cause. In nearly every fourth leaf we find a chrysalis writhing and contorting itself at the touch. Ah ! here is the explanation of the difficulty; this is no ten days’ chrysalis, but that in which it is to . hibernate, possibly for one winter, perchance i for twenty. Let us take a pocket full of these home, and place them beneath tumblers, and wait patiently to sec what they will produce. If I had found a treasure my delight could not have been greater than that I experienced at the idea of unravelling this mystery. But man is prone to disappointment, as we shall soon see. About the fifteenth of November the insect appeared, but mirabile dictu ! as dif ferent from the cotton fly as it is possible to suppose one insect could differ from another. It belonged altogether to a different family, a description of w r hich I give, as follows: Antennae filiform; black, six lines in length. ( Palpi four; two external and two intermedi- j ate, the external white, twice the length of the j other two, in shape angular, the angle project- 1 ing externally. The two middle are straight, J scarcely perceptible over a strong light; they are of a dark color. Wings four; hymenopte- i rous; incumbent, extending to and exactly ! even with the end of the tail; shape of the < wings, which are small and extremely thin and delicate, are like that of a fan. iront legs 1 half the length of the posterior, of a uniform ] orange color; the intermediate legs very little j i longer than the anterior; the thighs of a deep ! 1 orange color, the rest of the leg annulated with orange and white. The posterior legs long in comparison to the others; thighs of a deep i orange color, the rest of the leg annulated j ; with° black sud white, the rings being larger j than those of the intermediate. The trunk is | : of a uniform shinning black, as would be the j ' upper surface of the abdomen also, were it not ( 1 for the very narrow white bands which con- i j nect the black scales together, giving to the j abdomen an annulated appearance; those white : I lines do not encircle the abdomen, but termi- i nate uniformly on the sides. On the under j surface of the abdomen these white rings again f i commence, which are much larger than those j ou the upper surface, causing the abdomen to ! look almost white. The tail terminates in a J bifrucatod sheath, enclosing a long blunt sting, projecting considerably beyond the tail, a»d ; ta-x:rrara.gii; ttnu,.»4.-j,.t*>'Ui*«J i m ffi;« forming a very prominent feature in the gene- j ral figure of the insect. This is a small slender | insect, much longer than the honey bee, but not so thick. . Now it is evident from its specific character, | as well as from its parasitic nature, tliis insect ; belongs to that numerous chess called ichneu- ■ owns, of which there are upwards of five Imu- ; dred species.„ As lam not at present in pos- | session of- any practical work on Entomology, I cannot determine the species of this ichneu- ; mon, but to show that it. differs hi some re spects from the family to which it belongs, I , will quote a paragraph from a work before me, | in which arc sot forth some peculiarities be longing to that class of insects as a genus ; „ j “The whole of this singular genus have been denominated parasitical, on account of the very extraordinary manner in which they pro vide for the future support of their young. — | The tty feeds on the honey of flowers, and when about to lay her eggs, perforates the body of some other insect or its larva; with its sting or instrument at the end of the abdomen, and then deposites them. The eggs in a few j days hatch, and the young lame, which re- j semble minute white maggots, nourish them- j selves with the juices of the foster parent, j which, however, continues to move about and j feed until near the time of its changing into a | ! chrysalis, when the larvae of the ichneumon ' creep out by perforating the skin in various j 1 places, and each spinning itself up in a small j oval silken case, changes into a chrysalis, and j after a certain period they emerge in the state , of complete ichneumons.” It will be seen that there is a popularity at tached to this ichneumon not included in the I above deccription: that of appropriating the chrysalis, but this is the prince of parasites, for not content with eating the substance of I his neighbor, he seizes also on his house. So far ns I have read concerning this curious fami ly of insects,-this is a non-doscript. As an ex ample of these insects called ichneumons, I 1 mav mention the ichneumon seductnr , or dirt- ! dauber, well known to everbody as that wasp like insect which builds its clay houses on the j -w alls, and particularly in the recesses of win , dows, to the great annoyance of the tidy housc ; wife. Thus is answered the question, why the cot -1 ton fly did not again cat up the scant foliage . which subsequently appeared on the stalks. — This little usurper goes forth in search of ‘whom he may devour,’ and as soon as he finds ■ a hoilse built and well provisioned, he seizes upon it for his posterity, which he does in the , following manner : when lie finds a cotton worm he pierces it with the instrument with which its tail is armed, and deposits an egg; : the cotton worm soon spins itself up into its I 1 case, there to await the period 6f its perfec tion, which never arrives, for soon the egg of j ; the ichneumon hatches, and falls to devouring i his helpless companion. This work of exter mination continues until there is not a vestige ; jof the cotton fly left; I venture to say, while j I am how writing; (first of December,) there is not an egg, chrysalis, or fly, in the confines of the United States'. My speculations on the nature and habits of lire cotton fly have led me to adopt the fallowing hypothesis; That it is a native of trdphicul climates, and never ! can pass a single winter beyond them, tonse- I quently never can become naturalized iil the United States, or any where else where the i | cotton plant is not perennial* for nature has made no provision by which they can survive ; more than ten or twelve days, therefore they I must perish wherever the cotton plant perishes j | during a period of five or six months; That j wherever they have prevailed in our cotton 1 growing regions, it is when they have become very numerous and consumed all the cotton in their native climes, and then go in search of their food in more northern climates. It is , not to be presumed that this happens often, but the same remark will hold in regard to the cotton fly as it avIII to many other insects, that ( owing to some unknown cause they become exeedinglv numerous, but at long and irregu : lar intervals. The locust has already been no ticed as an example, and many more might be cited. I, however, will mention another to j which I was an eye-witness : About eighteen y ears ago the green or bb.nr-fiij, became so i numerous that thousands of animals perished by them, as also some human beings. The least spot of blood, the moisture of the mouth, eyes or nose, was sufficient to cause a deposit ;of eggs. Sick persons, particularly those who i had not proper attention, suffered. Several i negi-o children who came under my notice fell 1 a sacrifice to them, and it was with difficulty that many others were saved. In these in stances the fly deposited the eggs within the nostrils, where they soon caused death by pro ! ducing inflammation of brain. This fly is ! annual, and scarcely ever deposits its eggs on an animal, except it he the victim of a running ! sore; but at the period alluded to above, it ap peared that there was scarcely animal flesh ! enough to feed the maggots of this numerous host. It is hut once within my recollection that I have witnessed this phenomenon, and neither before nor since h ive I heard of such ravages of the green fly. Why they should have existed in such incredible numbers at the time referred to, is a question not to be easily answered. There are three circumstances upon which I found my arguments in support of my hypo thesis, of the cotton fly: First, Nature has made no provision by which it could survive the winter season. Second, The irregularity of their appearance. Third, Their progress ! from south to north, and from west to east. It may be remarked on proposition first, that all insects included within the genus pha’ena, , hibernate in the state of a chrysalis, therefore it is utterly impossible for the cotton fly to hi ' bemate in that manner, as they remain but ten days hi chrysalis. The fly does not hiber : nate, for the period of their existence is but | ten or twelve days. It cannot be in the state ! of the egg, for it is a law equally inflexible with regard to this tribe, that the egg must be : deposited on the leaf on which the larva; are to feed; and the reason is very plain, for these larvae, when first hatched, are minute living points, of an exceedingly helpless nature al most devoid of locomotion, or possessing it in too small a degree to enable it to go in search of its food. Hut let us suppose that the egg does survive the winter; how does it happen that when the worm first makes its appear ance it is found on the very summits of the cotton instead of the lower branches: parts that it would reach the soonest if it proceeded from the ground upwards. The phalena most, or silk worm, is an insect of the same genus as the cotton’ fly, and whose habitudes are very much the same as the lat ter, tropical in its nature, confining itself to a particular vegetable, the different species of mulberry, and being short lived in the chrysa lis, remaining in this state but fifteen days.— At the approach of winter, when the mulberry trees cast their leaves and remain leafless for manv months, these insects, in our climate, would all perish, were they left to themselves. But art in this respect Inis triumphed over nature; for the silk grower at a certain season gathers a parcel of eggs and places them in a cold dark place until the mulberry tree shall again afford them food in the spring, and in tills manner they arc perpetuated, and this is the only possible way that they could be pre served here; they are like some tender exotic, which flourishes as long as the warmth of the hot house affords them a congenial atmos phere, but perishes if left to buffet the rigors of winter. Proposition Second. Hero I contend that when an insect is a native of or naturalized in any country, they are always governed by some invariable laws which determine their | appearance. The grasshopper is annual, com- , ing every spring or summer; the locust of our climate septem-decennial, appearing once in seventeen years; but the cotton fly has no re- , gular periods of return, showing that when it reaches our climate it is by some casualty. In proposition third, I maintain, that if the : cotton fly sojourned hero during the winter or winters, when it did appear at all, it would do . i so simultaneously through the whole cotton 1 district, instead of which we see it progressing j regularly from south to north, and from west , I to east. Such are the speculations that I have enter i tained concerning the. cotton worm, trom which 1 conclude that it originates in South America, and reaches us through Mexico, and never can become a denizen of our soil. We understand that on Saturday last, Jus- , tice Bollineau rescued a negro boy trom the i brig Wilson Fuller, on her passage down the ; river, bound to New \ork; Justice 11. by a~ , j cident overheard a young sailor inform the . I mate that there was a negro on board; lie at ! once, with the assistance of the mate,ft mad the i negro secreted in the forecastle, having c\i- dently had assistance from some one on board; j ! Upon being brought on deck, the hoy pointed j | to one of the sailors as having enticed him j i away—there being no other evidence, howcv- | ( er, the Captain declined giving him up on the j ' demand of Justice Uolineau. Seafaring men j I from the North who visit this port would do , i -well to be guarded in their conduct here, as the most stringent measures have been adopt ed to chock this evil. There are now three | ; sailors serving out their time in the Penitenti- ; ary for their officiousness in this matter. <S«- Kuunah Republican, 20 th htst. A Coroner’s Inquest was held on Sunday evening on the body of a negro, (the property of Cha’s. Green, Esq.,) found drowned in the river. An Inquest was also held yesterday on the body of an unknown negro, found drowned in the river. He is supposed to have been a run away belonging to Rutledge, S. A party of runaways were surprized by the I City Police on Saturday evening, two of thorn j umped overboard and were droAvncd. — lb. Broken Aoaix. —Our old friend, the steam propeller Col. Staunton has returned to our harbor Avith her orosshead again broken. — These propellers are death on cross heads. — Lb.. The Sritaaaia’s News. The noAvs caused quite a stagnation of busi i ness in th c-Baltimore market for all descriptions |of breadstuff's. It had the same effect in the I northern markets. i The following arc the quotations in Liver pool on the sailing of the lavo last steamers, the Caledonia and Britannia, by which the <lc \ clinc in the different descriptions of breadstuffs i can be correctly noted: June 19. J uly 2, . , Per Cole lonia. Per\ Britannia. Amei lean Wheat, ill 9 a 12 3 a Indian Corn 44 1 a 52 0 44 6 a 4-5 0 Indian Meal. 23 0 a 24 0 20 0 a 21 I) American Flour. ...38 0 a-tO 0 31 0 a 34 0 The quotation of Avheat at LiA-erpool on the 4 thrust ant is not given in our despatches,con sequently avg are Unable to Show the compari- j | son in this article, though it is to be presumed that it has declined hi the same ratio as the decline in flour. — Baltimore Sun, 10th insi. [From the A O Delia, 1 6th ins!',] I . . Latest from Tcra Cruz. The steamship Palmetto, Capt. Smith, ar- ! rived from Vera Cruz last night; She left | J there oii the 9th, Tampico on the 10th, and , Brazos St. Jago dii the 11th —one day later j than the Galveston; We received by her the i ! Sun of Anahuac, of the 9th—a date one day j J later than we had previously received. Noth ing from Tampico, or the Brazos. There was, we are’ told, lio later news— ho ■ courier from the army—nothing from the de : tachmcnt of Louisana troops wiiidi left Tam pico. We transcribe the following paragraphs from | the Sun of Anahuac, of the 9th; The night before bust, a Frenchman harried Simon Lamadee, was stabbed by a Mexican I named llomane Bustaracnte. The wound is a ! dangerous one. We are requested to say, that | ■ a reward of SIOO is offered for the apprehen sion of Bustamente. Capt. Mayo’s Expedition.—Capt, Mayo, U. S. N., Governor of Alvarado, as we have said : in a previous number, ascended the Alvarado river Avith the steamer Petria, a feAv days ago, in pursuit of a renewed priest, chief of the ; guerrillas (Padre Jarauta,) Capt, M. Avent up the river about 70 miles, to a loavu called Cosamaloapan, where the padr« had captured an American trader’s boat, with lavo men, and robbed S2OO from them, but Avhen he arrived i the Mexican had tied, after selling the boat.— No resistance was made to the Governor —he hoisted the American flag, made the alcalde i pay the S2OO, and return the boat to its OAA'ndr. The Padre, before leaving Cosamaloa pan, on Friday last, told the people that his intention was to go to Tesechoacan, and Ha cienda of Nopalapam, for the purpose of col- . looting .300 horses, to mount his men, at this ; time stationed in the toAvn of Cotasta, Haci enda of Naranjo, and Boca Costal, in number about 600 effective men; from these places he AA’as to join a guerrilla chief from Jalapa, Juan Chimaco Itehollcdo, who is uoav in the pass of the Haya, 9 miles from Jalapa, with 150 men, and collecting as many more as possible from the neighboring country, for the purpose of attacking our train, on their way up. lie has positively orders to take no prisoners, but to put to death not only Americans, but. even every Mexican that he can catch, that has in any way rendered scrA'ices to our countrymen. Terror of the Castle. —When Com. Perry was carrying his flotilla up Tobasco river, he saw a Mexican paddling his canoe along AArith a degree of dexterity which told that he was well acquainted with the upAA-ard navigation. The Commodore summoned him on board the flag-ship (the Scorpion and questioned h'm con cerning the condition of the river and the po sition of the enemy. Strange to say, he kncAV * nothing —he aa-os merely a laboret in an adjoin - : ing cornfield, and was going to his home; — knew nothing about the Avar. But strange as was this unexpected ignorance, it was not half 1 i so strange as was the sudden change which i took place in the mind and memory of the i Mexican, after the Commodore had threatened j to send him to the castle of San Juan de Ulua, > if he did not promptly and correctly answer > all questions. k Under this admonition, he gave . all the information which the Commodore de i i sired, and told -with great accuracy the nurae i rical force of the enemy, their position, &c.— What a terror to the natives is this same cas - tie of San Juan de Ulua!. I? rom the N. O. Picayune, 16th ms/."} Escape of Eight American Prisoners. The schooner Home, Capt. Kinney, arrived - here yesterday morning from Tampico, bring ing over eight of the American prisoners Avho t have been so long and so unjustly detained in 1 Mexico. The names of these men are A. W. y Holemon, W. P. DeNormandio, Wm. Funk, j Jno. Thomas, Jno. A. Scott, Robert S. Cock . rill, John Swigort and Wm. Russell. The last named belonged to the Arkansas cavalry, I the others to the tAVO regiments from Ivcn . i tucky. They left the city of Mexico. on the 3 6th June, with the other prisoners, it being understood that their destination AA-as Tam t i pico. They marched Avith a small escort in a charge of a colonel and two or three officers. — r 1 On the I7th, they reached llucjutla, where i they were turned over as prisoners to Gen. Garay, in command of that town, where seve ral hundred troops were stationed. Ine pri soners were treated with some consideration j bv Gen. Garay, and much more kindness than they had before met with. They were inform ed by him that he had no orders to dispose ot them, and that although he presumed it was the purpose of the Government to send taem j on to Tampico he had no instructions to that effect. The prisoners were here furnished with 1 twenty-five cents each daily for their expenses j This money Gen. Garay appears to have raised by contributions among the town’s people. After waiting here some days, seeing no pros pect of release, and fearing lest events at the capital might induce the Government to change its intention of forwarding them to Tampico, they determined to effect their escape. 1 hey attempted this in small parties ol five at one time, two at another and five at another. Seven in all left on the 2 < th. Ihe first five were all retaken and carried back to Huejutla, but one of them again escaped and with the | other seven reached Tampico. They marched principally by night and were from four to six ! of seven days on the route. | After their arrival at Tampico, news reached i there by a Mexican, that about thirty of the ! men had also attempted to escape; that twen j ty-five of them had been retaken, and three others Shot in the pursuit. These are .the re i ports in Tampico', but our informant does not : place implicit confidence in them. lie h;is lit | tie expectation that Col. De llUssy’s expedi tion will prove of any avail in procuring the release of the other prisoners; He thinks it | certainly will fail, if the intention be to rescue the men by force. The movement of the colo nel will inevitably be reported to Gen. Garay in advance, and if he docs not feel himself strong enough to receive an attack, he can very readily send off the prisoners further into the interior. , S The fate of these men is greatly to be de ; plorcd, and we cannot but think there bus been rcmisancss on the part of Gen. Scott in not obtaining their release. With a number of Mexican officers in our power, wc would have brought that Government to a sense of its obligations to our prisoners, by hanging up some of their own to the first tree. 21« gn 31 a ,. (5 1 orgi ci . THURSDAY MORNING. JULY 22. for governor H3H. 0. W. TO WHS. OF TaLBOT. c We would call the attention of rncr ; chants, to the sale of Brandies, Claret, Sec., to take place in Charleston on Tuesday next. Ths Georgia Telegraph. This spirited champion of Democracy comes to us this week in an enlarged form, and in an entire, new dress. It truly comes forth like a true knight,with burnished shield and glitter j in~ armour, to battle with renewed energy in the cause of truth and justice, and in defence jof Republican principles. There is not a : handsomer paper published in the State. The Democracy of Macon and of the counties i j more immediately connected with that city, can take pride in beholding so substantial a proof of their liberality and zeal in the support of correct principles. We wash for The. Tele graph what it deserves —a wide circulation and increasing patronage. The 31avo Case at Now York. ! Judge Daly, in the case of the.slaves carried | to New York in the Brazilian, bark Cahore, j declared his decision of Saturday last, remand ing them to the custody of the captain as part of the crew, and denying the motion of Mr. Jay for a rehearing of the argument in their behalf; It is said that the captaiii has been ar rested on charges of assault and battery, arid that a writ of certiorari has been procured- to | take ihe case to the Supreme Court, ’fho I papers state that the female slave was greatly j excited respecting the interference on her ac- I count; and warmly declared that she would return with her mistress to Brazil however persevering the attempts to persuade or res ; train her from so doing/ Got Out of the Way of the Generals, The Athens Banner says—“ Almost all the whig papers in Georgia fly at their masthead the names of treo Generals, and in oric we have noticed three. They come swimming i after one another like ducks in a mill pond, and make a grand display. We feel some what the difficulty of Paddy, who pointing his gun at the ducks and still reserving his fire, was asked why he didn’t shoot? “Och, my hinny! when I gits me sight upon one, anithcr comes swimming jist at ween me and him: ’ Another Requisition on Georgia. The Federal Union, of the 20th inst. con tains another order of the Governor, for a Battalion of mounted men from this State to serve in the Mexican campaign. The Royal Mail steamer Caledonia, Capt. Ed ward G. Lott, loft Boston on Friday afteritoon for Halifax and Liverpool, taking out the semi monthly mail, containing about 25,000 letters and the usual quantity of other mailable mat ter. She has 102 passengers, among them X. D. Hubbard, Esq., despatch agent to the state department, bearer of despatches. Government Express Mail. The Philadephia Evening Bulletin has been informed that a Government Express 'w ill j shortly be run between New Orleans and Washington. It is thought that the mail could easily be carried from Now Orleans to Phila delphia in five days. ARRIVAL OF THE BRITANNIA. We gave in our paper of yesterday the tele graphic accounts brought by this steamer. . Last evening the letters due by her came to hand, find confirm the intelligence brought per telegraph. We arc indebted to commercial friends for extracts, which will be found below, as also the loan of a W illmer & Smite, s limes of the 4th inst., but not feeling authorised to cut, it wc can give but a short summary of the intelligence contained in it, which, by the way, j is not very important in a political way. We also received a slip from the Charleston Courier Office, containing advices of the Liv erpool market, taken from Willmer & Smith’s i ; Times, The steamship Washington had arrived at Southampton from Bremen, making the run in forty-six hours. Inconsequence of the cu riosity expressed to view the interior of the 1 vessel, the American Consul, Mr. Coskcry, had i resolved to issue tickets of admission, to be i sold at Is. each, the proceeds to be applied to to charitable purposes. The Washington was to have left Southampton for New York on the ; 10th inst. She brought about sixty passengers j from Bremen, most of whom go on to New i York, among them six nuns. The Overland Mail brings advices of two j serious conflicts in the Chinese seas—the one I between the English and the Chinese, and the other between the French squadron and the Cochin Chinese, in the bay of Turin. The excuse 7 given was the piratical acts of the I Clsinese, and the failure on their part in the fulfilment of the Treaty of Nankin. The British captured all their forts and spiked their j guns, 870 in number, and were ready to bom j bard the city of Canton, when they were no tified that Keying had yielded to the demands of Sir John Davis, and the assault was coun termanded. A notification was immediately put up, of which the follow ing are briefly the heads : “Ist. At the fixed period of two rears from the 6th April, the City of Canton shall be ; opened to British subjects. ♦ ; --2 d. Her Majesty's subjects shall be at lib , erty to roam for exercise or amusement in the neighboring country without molestation, re turning the same day, as at /Shanghai, and any person molesting them shall be severely puu ! Lulled,” &c. The Belgian association for promoting Free Trade, have invited the statistical and econo mical enquirers of Europe to assemble in Con gress at Brussels on the 10th September next. The French Chambers have been occupied ill M. Emile Gcrardin's affair, who was ac quitted, much to the discomfiture of the min istry, and the exposures, it is said* have shak | en M. Guizot’s administration to such a de gree, that ertch day brings some rumor of his ; retirement from office; In Portugal things looked more quiet, and the insurgents were surrendering their arms, j The emigration from Germany to this coun try continues to such an extent that the gov ernments are beginning to get alarmed at it. Willmcr & Smith’s Times says—“Consxdera j blc failures have taken place in Paris and Ly ons, owing chiefly to the large speculations iii I Corn; and the extensive sugar refining house of the Marquis Forbin, Jansdii & Co. of Mar seilles, has stopped payment. Their liabilities amount to 11,500,000 f. about £160.000: It is stated that their assets represent 60 per cent o r ! the claims against them, and it is hoped the remaining 40 per cent will be liquidated eventually by the profits of their business. Messrs. Lowell & Co., of London, in the same j trade, hare also stopped payment. Messrs, | Clayton Sc. Co. of Preston, bankers, hare also stopped payment, and another inconsiderable • failure in Wood* street, London has trans pired.” Extracts o f letters received in this city, dated “LIVERPOOL, 3rd July.—The continuance of remarkably favorable weather tor the growing crops of Grain, and equally favorable accounts of : the crops on the Continent, have further greatly depressed our Corn markets, but on the other hand ! have exercised a very favorable influence on Other 1 branches of trade and on the money market, and inspired greater confidence in the manufacturing districts. “Our Cotton market has of coarse felt the effect very sensibly and as the later accounts of the grow ing Arderican Cotton crop represent it to be still unusually backward and precarious, that has also had an intlnence on prices, and we hate to quote art advance of jjd. per lb. since oar las; circular of 13th ult Fair Upland and Mobile are now 7|, and fair I Orleans 7§d, per Hj. The sales for the week end | cd 2.5 th ult. W'.re 54,000 bales-, of which fKXXJ were on speculation and 50X) for export, and the busi j ness for the week ended last evening amounted td { 72,700 bales, of which 29,000 were taken by specu- I lators and 1000for export. The American descrip tion 3 sold this past week consisted ol 15.200 Upland at ® bile and Alabama at 6| a 7| and 280 £?ea Island at 13 a 22d. per k 1 ’ The market to-day has been less ; active and a greater quantity offering, giving a turn in fd v of of bdyers The stock ol all kinds in ■ this port is now about 415,000 bales, against 757,000 at the same period last year; the stock of American is estimated at 332,000, being a decrease of 188,000 bales, j “The gloom and depression in the Corn markets ■ is extreme, and it is difficult to give quotations with much certainty as the transactions fox some days past harfe been chiefly in aretail Wiy and specula tive operations suspended. Flour 33». a 3J.v,.6iL I the best Western being generally held at the lat ter price, though some has been sold at 345. and that cannot at this lime be realized for any Con i siderable quantity. Soar 28s. per hbl. American Wheat Bs. Gd- a 10s. 6d. per 70 lbs. Indian Com it» peculiarly depressed, and troro the great diversity of quality must be quoted from 325. for mferioT i sound to 445. per quarter for the best, —damaged and unmerchantable 255. a 28s. per T quarter. In dian Coni Meal 20s. per bbl. The apprehension of the Potatoe rot in the growing crop still prevails more or less in some districts. 7 ' “HAVRE, June 30.— Cotton.- —During nearly the whole of this week, our market has exhibited a want of animation, the only exception occurring to wards the close of it, when a sudden revival was manifested in the demand, and the transactions were to a fair extent for consumption. The ab sence of speculators had contributed to the previ ous flatness in business, which, under the favorable intelligence from England and the United States, might have been expected to assume a certain de gree of activity; and this was more than likely to have been the case, as the decline in IV heat and Flour everywhere, which in some parts has been considerable, added to the general appearances of plentiful Corn crops, were calculated to impart a more than ordinary spirited character to the buy ing. Notwithstanding, however, these encouraging prospects, the operations have been restricted to the immediate wants for spinners, dealers from the trade carefully refrain from purchasing beyond these, which can only be accounted for by’ the bad effects produced in the interior from recent failures, and the apprehensions of further derangements tak ing place, in consequence of the continued tail in all the Grain markets. But although there is at present no speculative feeling displayed, the confi dence of holders appears to be unshaken, and to this maybe wholly attributed an advance of 1.1 on ordinary and inferior American Cottons, prices ol which have been forced up by the firm attitude they have evinced. “The sales of the week are 7922 bales, 29w <*f which were IJpIM.I, atf.9laf.loo. The top"* during the same period amount t 0932 bales. To