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the CONSTITUTIONALIST. 1 ' JAMES GAK uNE R, JR. TERMS. Daily, per annum £3 99 ; Tri-Weekly, per annum.s„«...- ---'6 00 • If paidin advance..... ••• 5 00 j Weekly, per - 9 O 9O , If paid in advance .. - - 2 j To Clubs, remitting $lO 1N advance, FD E j COPIES are sent. This will put our Weekly pa per in the roach of new subscribers at TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. who will pay up arrearages, and tend four new subscribers, with the money, can get j the paper at S~ 00. j jjyp- \U new subscriptions must be paid in ad vance. ITPostagc must be paid on all communications : »nd letters of business. ———————————w— wm gaaaaßi : From, the C ironicle Sen'inel Extra, 3Jlh alt .] ANOTHER EXPRESS!!! 24 Hours in Advance ot the Mail! HIGHLY IMPORTANT FROM MEXICO! J MO R E EXCITING N E-W S ER O M GEN. SCOTT’S ARMY. ANOTHER BATTLE AND ANOTHER VICTORY ! THE ARMISTICE CONCLUDED. BATTLE OF MILL DEL KEY ! I REPORTED REPULSE of our ARMY, With a Heavy Loss. RUMORS OF THE DEATHS OF 0-3N3. WORTH, SMITH & PILLOW. Battle of Chapultepec. GREAT AMERICAN VICTORY. GENERAL SCOTT IN THE CITY OF MEXICO. GENS. BRAVO AND LEON KILLED. AND SANTA NNNA WOUNDED! LETTERS OF SANTA ANNA AND GEN. Scott Terminating: the Armistic*. PROPOSITIONS OF MR. TRIST. PROPOSITIONS OF THE MEXICANS &c. &c. &c. [From the New Orleann Picayune, ICy{h inst ] The steamship James L. Day, Capt. O r Gra dy, arrived yesterday from Vera Cruz, which place she left on the evening of the 21st inst., bringing intelligence of the greatest impor tance. Immediately on the receipt of our pa pers and despatches we issued an extra con taining the news—brief, but sufficient to sa tisfy public curiosity, and allay the anxity for the fate of the army, caused by the length of time which had transpireed without news, and the probability that hostilities had been re sumed. As we anticipated, in our paper of yesterday, the negotiations resulted in nothing. The last letter from Mr. Kendall, is dated the 6th instant, and our tile of the Dlario del Gobierno does not come down later than the -4th, but the Arco Iris of Vera Cruz has a letter from the city of Mexico dated the 16th inst., togeth er with extracts from the Dlario del Gobierno and the Boletin of Atlixco, to the 12th, which, together with the letter we publish. The manner in which the armistice was terminated will be learned from the extrac swe copy. A perusal of Mr. Kendall’s letter however, will at once show that a feeling of hostility was growing with the people of the capital as 1 early even as the 30th of last month, and the Congress of the State of Mexico in session at Toluca had declared against peace. Notwith standing repeated beligcront demonstrations by the enemy, and a positive violation of the armistice in our wagons not being permitted by the mob to enter the city for provisions, ne gotiations were still pending to as late a date as the 6th. The Arco Iris received letters from Mexico under date of the 9th stating that on the 7th the Mexican commissioners declared that the propositions made by Mr. Trist were inadmissible, in consequence of which Gen. Santa Anna, convoked a council of generals, who decided that notice should be given im mediately to Gen. Soott that the armistice •was at an end, and appointed the 9th for the recommencement of hostilities. On the 6th Gen. Scott addressed from Ta cubaya the following note to Santa Anna: HE.vnau.uixEiis Army of the U. States 7. Sept. 6, 1847. > To his Excellency the President and General-in-Chief of the Republic of Mexico. The 7th and 12th articles of the armistic or military convention which I had the honor of ratifying and exchanging with your Excellency on the 24th ult., stipulate that the army under my command shall hare the privilege of obtain ing supplies from the city of Mexico. There were repeated violations of these articles soon after the armistice was signed, and I have now good reasons for believing that within the last twenty-four hours, if not before, the 3d article of the same convention was also violated by the same parties. These direct breaches of good faith give to this array a full right to commence hostilities against Mexico with giving any no notice. However, I will give the necessary time for an explanation satisfaction, or repar ation. If these are not given I hereby formally notify you that if I do not receive the most complete satisfaction on all these points before 12 o’clock to-morrow, I shall consider the armistice as terminated from that hour. I have the honor to be your Excellency’s obedient servant. 'Winfield Scoff. To this Santa Anna made the following re ply: Headquarters Army of Mexican Republic, > Mexico, Sept. 6. 1847 5 To His Sxcellency Gen. Winfield Scott Commander in-Chief of the Army of the tinted Slates: Sir: —By the note of your Excellency under this date, I learn with surprise, that you con sider that the civil and military authorities of Mexico have violated articles, 7, 12, and 3of the armistice which I concluded with your Excellency on the 24th day of last month. The civil and military authorities of Mexico have not obstructed the passage of provisions for the American army; and if at times their transmission has been retarded, it has been ow ing to the imprudence of the American agents, who, without having a previous understanding with the proper authorities, gave occasion for popular outbreaks, which it has cost the Mexi can Government much trouble to repress.— Last night and the night before the escorts for the provision train were ready to start, and were only detained because Mr. Hargous, the agent, desired it!* The orders given to suspend the the two armes were addressed tb'privato individuals, and not to the agents of the army qf the U. S, and were in tended purposely to expedite the transmission of provisions to the army, and to confine the intercourse to' that 'object * exclusively. In /stun* for this conduct y°h r Excellency has prevented the owners or managers of the grain { mills in the vicinity of the city from furnishing ! any flour to the city, which is a true breach of the "ood faith vour Excellency had pledged me. It is false that any new work or fortification i has been undertaken, because one or two re pairs have only served to place them in the same condition they were on the dav the ar mistice was entered into, accident or the con venience *of the moment having caused the destruction of the then existing works. You have had early notice of the establishment of the battery covered with the mud walls of the house of Garey, in this city, and did not re monstrate, because the peace of two great Re publics.could not be made to depend upon things grave in themselves, but of little value compared to the result in which all the friends of humanity and of the prosperity of the A merican continent take so great an interest. [There is some obscurity in this sentence, whiyh, is is probable, is owing to typographical errors. — Editors Picayune.] It is not without great grief and even indig nation that I have received communications from the cities and villages occupied by the army of your Excellency, in relation to the violation of the temples consecrated to the worship of God; to the plunder of the sacred : vases, and to the profanation of the images | venerated by the Mexican people. Profound i ly have I been affected by the complaints of ! fathers and husbands, of the violence offered ! tq their daughters and wives; and these same | cities and villages have been sacked not only j in violation of the armistice, but of the sacred I principles proclaimed and respected by civil : ized nations. I have observed silence to the present moment, in order not to obstruct the progress of negotiations which hold out the hope of terminating a scandalous war, and one which your Excellency has characterized ;so justly as unnatural. But I shall desist of fering apologies because I cannot be blind to the truth that the cause of the threats of re newing hostilities,contained in the note of your Excellency, is that I have not been willing to sign a treaty which would i?sson considerably I the territory of the Republic, and not only j the territory of the Republic, but the dignity | and integrity which all nations defend to the I last extremity. And if these considerations J have not the same weight in the mind of ■ your Excellency, the responsibility before the world, who can easily distinguish on whose side is moderation and justice, will fall upon you, I flatter myself that your Excellency will j be convinced, on calm reflection, of the weight |of my reasons. But, if by misfortune, you should seek only a pretext to deprive the first city of the American continent of an oppor tunity to free the unarmed population of the horrors of war, there will be left me no other | means of salvation, but to repel force by force, with the decision and energy which my high obligations impose upon me. I have the hon or to be, your Excellency’s humble servant. Antonio Lofez de Santa Anna. On the 7th, Gen. Herrera, as commandant of the city of Mexico, addressed the clergy, exhorting them to exert all their influence to incite- the people to arm themselves and pre pare to resist the American army. Following up events —as closely as the some what disconnected accounts will permit—in the order in which they occurred, we find that on the Bth, Gen. Scott attacked the Mil del Rev, or King’s Mill, in the immediate vicinity of Chapultepec, and according to the Dlario del Gobierno and the Boletin, published at Atlixco, our army was repulsed after a severe conflict, in which we lost about 400 in killed and from 600 to 700 in •wounded, and fell back upon Tucubaya. We give below a translation of the Boletin’s description of the engagement; premising, that the reader will bear in mind it is Mexican and is, in all probability, a great exaggeration, if not an entire misrepresenta tion. It is from an extra of the Boletin, is sued on the 9th inst. : “At half past five this morning [the Bth] the fire comiuciiced on the two flanks of Chapul tepec. The left was resting on the mill of El Roy, close to the forest of Chapultepec. This point was commanded by Gen. I/eon, and under his order's were the battalion of Mina, whose colonel was the patriotic and valiant Balderas, and the battalions Union and La Patria, of Oaxaca, in one of which was includ ed the companies of Puebla, also a body from Qucretaro and some others —all compos fig the National Guard. The right flank rested on the house of Mata, at the distance of a quarter of a league from Chapultepec, and occupied by 1500 of the regular army, commanded by Gen. Perez. The enemy in two columns, with his usual daring, attacked these points—first with artillery, at a quarter to 6 with a rapid fire of musketry. Gen. Perez sustained the file very well for about half an hour, when, for causes at present unknown, he retired with his forces, although he had not lost ten men. The retreat must have been fatal for Mexico, if for tunately, Gen. Leon and his brigade had not shown prodigies of valor. Twice he repulsed the column that attacked him, and in the se cond he sallied from his position to recover the artillery Gen. Perez had lost; but then he received a mortal M ound, and a few moments afterwards the valiant Balderas was also wounded and died on the field. The enemy with additional forces again charged and took possession of the mill. Twice he was dislodg ed, but on his retaking it the third time it was found impossible to bring our troops to the charge. “In spite of these two advantages which they had gained in their endeavors to attack Chapultepec, they could not effect a farther advance, which may be owing to their being intimidated by the resistance of our forces and the considerable loss they had suffered. The result was, that at 9 o’clock in the morning the fire of small arms had already ceased, and they were seen employed in collecting their killed and wounded. At 11 o’clock the ene my had commenced a retrograde movement, and by 2 in the astern ion he withdrew all his forces to Tacubaya, abandoning the two points he had occupied and blowing up the house of Mata, although gome say it was set on fire by a bomb fired from Chapultepec. It is believed that Gens. Twiggs and Pierce directed the at tack, and that they put in motion about 8000 men. It is certain that the fire was more in tense and brisk than at Churubusco. It is im possible to ascertain the loss on cither side. — Ours does not amount to 100 killed and 250 wounded. There are few missing—nearly all not killed or wounded retiring to Chapultepec. The enemy, according to the confession of an Irishman who came over to us in the evening, carried off 400 dead and 600 or 700 wounded. We have to lament the loss of Gon. Leon, since dead; that of Col. Balderas, of the val iant Cols, Huerta and Galoti, and of the de termined Capt. Mateos, of Puebla, who con ducted himself like a hero, telling his soldiers, on the point of death, that they must never forget they were Pueblanos, and to fight val iantly to the death. We will take care that he shall be buried in the Pantheon, and that his unfortunate widow shall receive a pension. “If the cavalry had taken the position as signed to them at 4 o’clock in the morning, by order of Gen. Santa Anna, and if above all they had made the charge which was ordered at the moment that the enemy attacked the mill of El Rey, instead of flying precipitately, the action would have terminated early and the triumph would have been complete. But they did not take the position to which they were ordered, much less make the charge as commanded, Gen. Alvarez being obliged to " rtn 'imam m\i wrii { state officially or through his adjutant that he 1 did not make the charge, because his subordi nate officers refused on account of the ground being too uneven and broken for cavalry, as if ! it were not the same for the cavalry of the cne i my. “It is believed that the enemy will renew i the attack to-morrow by another route —oith ! erby that of La Piedad, or by that of San An ; tonio. May God protect our cause on this oc casion. “Cine of the guerrillas, who came with Scott, was made a prisoner and shot on 1 the spot.” [From the Diario del Gihierno.] At half past 4 o’clock this morning the Amo l ricans attacked the position of the mill of El 1 Hoy, close to the fortress of Chapultepec. Ills numerous and brave columns were however repulsed three times by our valiant soldiers, who this day gave brilliant proofs of their pat riotism and bravery. More than a thousand of the enemy remained on the field of battle, and on our side the loss has been less than ono-half that number, having to lament the death of the gallant Col. Don Lucas Balderas, and Gen. Don Antonio de Leon being wound ed, together with several other distinguished chiefs and officers. The “traitor,” Santa Anna, commanded in person the column, which forced the Ameri cans to retreat,takingwith them, without doubt, the conviction that it is only through rivers of blood that they can penetrate the city of Mexi co, and that at all events they will there find their sepulchre. We translate the subjoined letter from Ja lapa to the Arco Iris, without vouching for its j correctness : “When Gen. Perez abandoned the mill del I Rev a bomb discharged from Chapultepec fell among the ammunition wagons of the enemy iu the yard of the mill, causing four of them to explode, by which 300 Americans are said i to have been blown up, (vahrnn,) including Gen. Worth, who, according to the account, i ; had not been seen or heard of the next day at | Taeubaya.” j The next accounts we have from the capital | come in a letter to the A.rco Iris, dated the 10th , 1 hist. We subjoin a translation of it: Mexico, Sept. 10, 1847. My Esteemed Friends—The whole day has . been passed without an attack. At 2in the . ; afternoon an alarm was created by the appear - | auce of two columns and two guerilla parties, which were seen on the causeway of Piedad. | A few shots were exchanged and the enemy withdrew. According to all appearances we I shall bo attacked to-morrow at three points, as j the enemy, during the night, lias been recon noitering the country by means of camp lau , terns (farol de campana.) The Government has taken $300,000 which were being sent by a commercial house to the camp of the enemy. ; Gen. Smith has expired, and by the enclos j ed slip you will see that the Americans muti i lated and cruelly assassinated the unfortunate ‘ Irish who were taken at the battle of Churu busco. September 11.—It is 7 o’clock in the morn ing and thus far nothing new has transpired. In addition, we find the subjoined extract from the Bolotin de Atlisco, containing intel ligence from the capital under date of the 11th and 12th inst., which give a continued narra tive of the operations of the two armies : Mexico, Sept. 12, 1817. This brings ns to the 12th, but at what hour of the day the letter was closed we arc not in formed. Os the eventful denotement we have only a brief account, but sufficient to assure us that our arms have achieved a brilliant tri umph and that our army is “revelling in the halls of the Monteznmas.” The only reliable account we have of the last struggle before the capital is in a letter addressed to Mr. I)i --i mond, oUr Collector at Vera Cruz, from 0.1-zab.a, zab.a, which will be found below. Our cor respondent at Vera Cruz vouches for its accu racy, and we have reason t) believe it is from the same source as Was the letter giving the first anp a correct account of the battles of i Contreras and Churubusco* Orizaba, Sept. 10, 1847. ; Dear Fir —I have the honor to inform you I that an express arrived here this evening from Mexico, which brings the intelligence that Gen. Scott was in the cit} r of Mexico; that on the 13th the American troops took Chapulte pec and the citadel, and went into the city that night. Gen. Bravo was killed, and Gen. San ■ ta Anna was wounded in the arm had retired with the remainder of his troops, which had suffered much, to Guadalupe. Your friend, &c., ToE. M. Dimond, Esq. Collector, Vera Cruz, i A letter from a credible source confirms all that is said in the above, and that only disa ; grecs with it in stating that the city was car ; I ried by assault on the 14th. The Sun of Ana ■ i huac has it on the 13th the heights and works : i of Chapultepec were carried; that on the 14th ; and loth the city was bombarded and that a part of our army entered it on the m irning of ; the IGth, the balance remaining at Chapulte [ pec. As we have already stated, however, we place no reliance on any of these reports ex • ccpt that of the correspondent of Mr. Dimond. i As to our loss before the army entered the ; cit}% we have nothing authentic. Wc fear » this new victory has not been achieved witb ■ out great loss of life. The Mexican accounts show that active hostilities commenced on the 8 th, and were continued with more or lessac i tivity until our army took possession of the city. A passenger by the James L. Day in forms us that it was reported among the Mcxi l cans at Vera Cruz that we lost 1700 men in killed and wounded, but he could trace it to • no authentic source. Another passenger esti ;■ mates Gen. Scott’s loss at from one-fourth to 1 one-third of his army, in killed and wounded, ; but upon what data ho bases this opinion we ; cannot learn, and arc inclined to think it is [ purely conjecture. We come now to what our readers have looked for with great anxiety—the basis upon , which Mr. Trist and the Mexicans prpposed to i negotiate. It will be seen that from the com i mencement there was no real intention on the f part of the Mexicans to conclude a peace. In • fact is not saying too much to assert that their I propositions were farcical in the extreme, and originated in fraud and deception, the only mo i live which evidently actuated them being a desire to obtain time to strengthen themselves for a renewed conflict. For want of time ard space, wc only give an ► outline of the propositions of each party. The L first proposition wo come to, is that of Mr. Trist : i Art. 1. There null be a firm and universal , peace between the United States of America and the United States of Mexico, without any , exceptions whatever. All hostilities by sea or land shall cease immediately and indefinite ly, as soon as the ratification shall have been exchanged by both parties. Art. 2. All prisoners of war made by both parties, both on sea and land, shall be liberat ed as soon as practicable after the exchange of ratifications of this treaty. Besides, it is a . greed that if any Mexican citizens should be prisoners of the Camanchrs, or of any tribes of Indians within the limits of the United States, the government of the United States will endeavor to obtain their return to their homes, according to the treaties existing with i those Indians. Art. 3. As soon as the present treaty shall have been duly ratified by the United States of Mexico, orders will be issued without de lay to the commanders of both parties, both on sea and land, that hostilities are suspend ed. and that such suspension shall be strictly a——i ilia, jcj i j observed. Immediately after the exchange of ratifications of the present treaty, all the ports, territories, towns and possessions of every kind, which may have been captured by the United States from the United States of Mex ico during the war, except those comprised within the limits of the L'nited States, as de fined by article No. 4 of this treaty, will be given up without delay and without occasion ing any damage, or without any exportation j of artillery, or public property captured origi- \ nally in said port* or towns or which may be | therein at the ratification of this treaty. ! Art. 4. The dividing line between the two Republics, will commence in the Gulf of Mcx ; ico, three leagues of laud fronting the mouth 1 1 of the Rio Grande, thence upwards by the , ; middle of said river to a point where it touches I the meridian line of New Mexico; thence to- j I wards the west to the longitude of the South- , ■ era limit of new Mexico, at the angle south- i i west of the same; thence towards the north to I the longitude of the northern line of New | Mexico, until it is intersected by the first arm ! I of the Rio Gila, or if it should not be inter- j ■ sec ted by any arm of that river, thence to the | point of said line nearest to said arm, thence in a direct line to the same and descending by said arm and by the said river Gila, until its discharge into the river Colorado, and from thence downwards by the Colorado and the middle t»f the Gulf of California to the Paci- . tie Ocean. Art. 5. In consideration of the extension of territory, as defined by the preceding avti- : cle and by the stipulations which will appear in article No. 8, the U S. abandon, forever, 1 all claims against the United State of Mexico, { on account of the expenses of the war; and be sides this agree to pay to the United States of , Mexico $ . [The sum is not specified.] Art. 6. In consideration of articles No. 4 the .U S. agree to guarantee and pay to the claim ants all the obligations which are now due and ; which may fall due according to the convention 1 concluded between the two Republics in the city of Mexico on the 30th January, 1843, and ! to provide for the payment of the decisions given in favor of the claimants, given under a ; convention between U. S. and the Mexican Republic, Under date of the 11th April, 1839, And the U. S. also agree to assume the pay ment of the claims of citizens of the U. S. not j previously decided against the Government of the U. S. of Mexico, up to a stlm which shall : not exceed three millihs of dollars, arid which shall have originated previous to the 13th May, ! 18tfi, and which also shall have been acknowl- i edged as j ust debts by a tribunal of commission- i ers appointed by the Govetnment of the U. S. whose decisions shall be definitive and binding, provided that on deciding on said demands, the said tribunal shall be governed by the ' principles and rules prescribed by articles Nos. 1 and 5 of the convention, riot ratified but con cluded in the city of Mexico on the 20th of No vember, 1843; and in no case shall a decision be given in favor of any claim unless it is re gulated by those principles and rules: and the ! U. S. by this* and forever after, exonerate the U. S. of Mexico from all responsibility to these claimants, whether rejected or admitted by said commissioners. Art; 7. Merely states that in case of any d fflculty in the settlement of the claims, the j ; archives of the Government arc to be at service of the commission to ascertain the validity of the claims. Art. 8. The U. S. shall have in perpetuity free of any tax or claim whatever, for the | produce of their own country or the produce introduced under their flag, the transportation of goods through the isthmus of Tehuantepec, for or from the Pacific, by any means of con veyance now in existence, or to be established hereafter, by canals or railroads. Art. 9. All the goods introduced during the occupation of the country by the United S. shall be free from either importation or internal duties, and free from confiscation. Art. 10. The article of amity, commerce and navigation, concluded in the city of Mexi co on the fith April. 1831, between the two powers, shall be renewed for the period of eight years, having the right after the expira tion of that period, to terminate the same by a notice of one year. Art. 11. This treaty will be approved and i ratified by the President of the United States of America, with the approbation and consent of the Senate, and by the comet of the United States of Mexico with the full approbation of the General Congress; and the ratification will be cxdhariged in the dity of Washington, witbirt the period of months from the , date on which it may be signed, or as soon as possible* Leaving aside for the present the first in structions from Santa Anna to the Mexican commissioners, we proceed to give an outline of the ultimatum offered by them under his I renewed instruction, which differs slightly | from the original proposition: Art. 1. Is merely an expression of a desire I that there may be a firm and lasting peace be- 1 tween the two Repnblics. Art. 2. Stipulates that all prisoners taken • by land or sea shall be given up after the treaty is signed, and that any Mexicans who may he prisoners of the savage tribes of Indians with in the limits of the United States, shall be given up by the Government of the United States and returned to their homes. Art. 3. All the the forts, towns or territo ry and artillery taken by the forces of the Uni ted States shall be returned to Mexico. Art. 4. The dividing line between the two Republics shall commence in the Gulf of Mex ico, three leagues from land, in front, from the Southern mouth of the Bay of Corpus Christ! to run in a strait line through said bay to the month of the Rio do los Nueces, to follow then the course of that river to its source; from the source of the River Nueces a straight line will bo traced until it meets the actual frontier of New Mexico, in the east southeast part. It will thcncc follow the actual frontier of New Mexico by the east, north and west of New Mexico, until it meets latitude 37, which will serve as the boundary of the two Repub lics; from the point at which it touches the frontier of New Mexico to the Pacific. The Government of Mexico agrees not to found any new establishment for colonies in the space of land which lies between the Rio Grande and the Nueces. Art. 5. In consideration of this extension of the territorial limits of the United States, the Government of said States agree to pay to the Government of the United States of Mexi co, $ , at the city of Mexico, on the day of the exchange of ratifications of this treaty. Arts. 6 and 7. By these articles the United States agree to release the Mexican Govern ment from all claims of the Government or citizens of the United States. Art. 8. Provides for the settlement of claims in the same manner as is provided in the pro position of Mr. Trist. Art. 9. Stipulates that the Catholic reli gion and the property belonging to that per suasion shall be respected in the territory ced ed to the United States. Art. 10. Citizens of Mexico who may hap pen to be in the United States to have the pri vilege of returning to Mexico, without any I tax being exacted from them, j Art. 11. All grants of land made by the ! Mexican Government previous to this cession | of territory are to be respected by the Govern ment of the United States. Art. 12. The Republic of the United States | binds itself, solemnly, not to admit hencefor -1 ward the annexation of any district or territo i ry comprised within the limits assigned by the ! p.cseut treaty to the Mexican Republic. This j solemn Compromise is one of the conditions under which Mexico mnkes a cession of terri tory to the Republic of North America* Aft. 13. All goods now in the ports occu pied by the American troops will pay the du ties established by the Republic unless they have been pre-paid; otherwise they will be confiscated. Art. 14. The Government of the United States will satisfy justly the claims of Mexi ' can citizens for the damage the American I troops have done them. Art. 1-5. Merely relates to the ratification of the treaty. [ From the .V. O. Plearptne, 25th inst.] Later from Brazos Saatiag-o. The U. S. transport ship Robert Morris, ar- ; rived yesterday from Santiago. From the \ Matamoros Flag we extract the following I items: Bold Art of the Guerrillas. —A stampede or j commotion was produced at Mier on the night | of the 7th instant, by a party of Mexican cav • airy or robbers, supposed to number about 30. Their object was to get possession of a valu able lot of goods, on their way to Monterey in five wagons, and which had been halted for i the night on the outskirts of the town. The boldness of the attempt deserved success. To 1 avert attention from the main object, part of | the robbers rode into the plaza and fired upon i the sentries, wounding one mortally. In the meantime, another party took possession of i the goods and succeeded in getting safely out iof town with them. The next morning a de- I tachment of 30 dragoons started in pursuit, | I and overtook them about 12 miles from Mier, j when the Mexicans defended themselves with remarkable obstinacy, but finally retreated i with a loss of six men killed. All the goods, | amounting in value to were recover ed. Th's is the boldest act yet committed on this frontier. Maj. Geo. II Crossman, quartermaster, has | l been ordered to Washington city and is now I en route, having proceeded to the Brazos yes- j | terday. The service has no oificer more cap- I : able and energetic. A detachment of the 13th Infantry under i Lieut. Col. Withers, passed down on the i Rough and Ready, yesterday for the encamp ment of Palo Alto-. I The battalion of Massachusetts volunteers, under command of Lieut. Cal. Abbott, passed down yesterday on the McKee. Steamrs have been despatched to Camargrt for the re mainder of the brigade by order of Gen. Cush incr We are happy to state, says that Flag Os the 11th, that Col-. Echols, whose illness we noticed in our last publication, is now conva lescent. There was a rumor in Matamoros, that the Ui S. Militaay depot at Point Isabel was to be abolished; A part of Col. Hays' regiment were encamp ed about 15 miles from Matamoros on the 13th inst. The encampment was to have been re moved on the loth to a point within two miles of the city. A Battalion of the 3d Regiment of Dragoons, about 450 strong, under the command of Col. Balter, took up the line of march from Mata moros for Monterey on the Bth inst. This i battalion is spoken of as a remarkable fine body of men. They proceed first to Camargo, where they will form an escort for Maj. Ran dall, paymaster, who awaits them there with a large amount of funds intended for the troops : at Monterey and Saltillo. Urrea, Canales and 1 a host of other Mexicans are itching to got | hold of this money, and may have the terme- i rity to attempt its capture. If they do a Bue- ! na Vista defeat awaits them, and no mistake. | [ From the Philadelphia Pennsylvanian .] A Review for the People.—-Which Nation beg-an the War—the United States or KSexico ? The Federalists of this country, hoping to ! reap success by me ins which every true Arne- j rican should despise, assert that the adminls- i tratiou first caused the war. We stop not now to inquire into the question, whether | justifiable or not. This is their assertion. If the fact bo that Mexico Jirst declared war against this country, in consequence of which Congress was compelled to enact “that a state of M ar exists,” will any true lover of his coun try doubt that it was the duty of the adminis i tratiou to prosecute the war by all proper of fensive and defensive means, until an honora ble peace should be attained? If such be the fact, ©tight not every true-hearted American, | j irrespective of party, to have yielded an hon- | I est support to the government in this crisis? j Are not the assertions of the Federal pa ers I 1 and leaders, denying the fact , and embarrass- i ing the administration by refusing appropria tions to the last moment of congressional ses- j slons, evidence of “ai l and comfort” to the enemy? Will the people countenance such a , party, any more than they did that which j opposed the war of 1812, obviously imbued 1 with the same spirit, and controlled by many i I of the same leaders? The Mexico-Whig, ;in this respect, is the Federalist of 1812 — 1 the cloven foot is too thinly concealed from i the people’s eye, and the same popular doom i awaits the first, which fell upon the latter. ; How is the fact then, as to which nation first declared war? On the 16th of July, 1845, | Garicia Conde, the Mexican Minister of War, | on behalf of his government, communicated ! to the Mexican Congress, a message in which, ! after assuming that the annexation of Texas ! by the United States, was an “usurpation,” j he says, “Mexico connot tolerate such a grave | injury without making an effort to prove to 1 the United States the possibility of her ability j to cause her rights to be respected. With this j object the Supreme Goven meat has resolved ujx>n | a declaration of tear against that power,'' This formal declaration was made the next day.— As early as March of that year, the Mexican government was raising troops with a view to ! this declaration, (see lirantz Mayer’s Mexico, ! part 7,page 394. Now it was not until August, 1845, that a portion of the army, under Gen. Taylor, by order of the President, was encamp ed at Corpus Christi, west of the Nueces, as a matter of precaution. It was not till March, 1846, that Gen. Taylor advanced towards the Rio Grande. It was about the same time, that, in pursuance of this declaration of war by Mexi co, of July, 1845, Arista crossed the Rio Grande, i and attacked the American army at Palo Alto and Reseca de la Palma, where he was so signally defeated in May. It was not until long after the Mexican declaration, that the Congress of the United States recognized the existence of war. From the foregoing synopsis of the facts, the following are the plain results, viz: 1. Mexico first declared war, and placed the United States on the defensive. On this sub- i ject it may bo stated as incidental, that this declaration of war on the part of Mexico was wholly unjustifiable. The plea of the annex ation of Texas, asovereign people having the right to do as it pleased them, recognised as such by the prominent civilized nations, of the earth, having acquired that right by a success ful revolution, (if they have reference solely to that point,) and maintained it for a series of years —this plea is as unavailable to justify Mexico, as a plea would he to censure our own j revolution in 1776, or to authorize Great Brit ain to declare war against us now on that ac count. Such a plea would be indefensible by Spain against the revolution of Mexico her self, or by an attempt of that kingdom, at this day to subj ugate her for former Mexican colony Mexico herself, as to Spain, only exists as an independent nation on the same basis that j Texas existed as to Mexico. The right of rev- \ oluiion belongs to every people, and if they ! maintain it successfully, other nations arc bound to recognise them as having a lawful power, in the language of our declaration of independence, “to contract alliances, and do | all other acts and things which independent nations may of right do.” 2. Mexico having thus declared war, the government and people of the United States i were bound to repel it by all means defensive, aggressive and invasive, until settled by an honorable peace, even to treat about which ! Mexico refuses, although through humanity j the olive branch is daily tendered, a sure indi ; cation of the consciousness of their leaders of their own guilt, want of personal moral cour age, and their consequent false pride. the nations of the earth, in this respect, Mex | ico stands “accursed in the callendar.” 3. With these facts before our eyes, what | shall be said of the Federal presses and lead ers, (we speak of the masses,) who “Forget ful of country, but solely for self," attempt to deceive the people into the idea that this war was begun by the United States, its adminis tration, and the Democratic party, without reason or without right? What of Federal Congressmen, as is threatened, that they will do as they have heretofore done, in substantial ly giving “aid and comfort” to the enemies of their country? What will be their fate in the estimation of the people a few* years hence? What will be the fate of their party? As it has now become matter of history, let the j judgment of the peop f e of the United States, ; upon the loaders of Federalism aud the Hart j ford ventionists of 1812, indicate the an swer. At the coining elections, let the peo ple speak. aupsta, Georgia. P R IDAYMO RIJ IN G O CT. 1. FOR GOVERNOR GEO. W. TOWNS. | OF TALBOT. Democratic Nominations for Senators. ; Ist Dust.—Chatham—Thomas Pvrse, 2d “ Bryan and Liberty—J. M. B. Hardex. 3d “ Mclntosh and Glynn—T. M. Forma*. 4th •* Camden and Wayne—Km as Fort. sth “ Lowndes and Ware—Gen. T. Hnxi ard. 7th “ Tattnall and Bulloch—Johx A. Matto* Bth “ Striven and Effingham—W. J. Lawto*. 9th “ Burke and Emanuel—W. S. C Morris. 12th “ Thomas and Decatur—Wm. H. Bet Isolds. 13th “ Baker and Early—Dr. Wm. J. Johxsox. 14th “ Randolph add Stewart—William Nelsox. 17th “ Macon and Houston—Johx A. Hcxter. I9th “ Dooly and Pulaski—Geo. >l. Dvrcak. 20th “ Twiggs and Bibb—W. W. Wiggixs. 21st “ Washington and Jefferson—B.S. Cars will. 24th “ Hancock and Baldwin—S. Uufi’ixotox, Jr. 25th “ Jones and Putnam—James M. Gray. 26th “ Munroe arid Pike—Col. Allex Cochßax. 2Sth “ Merriwether and Coweta—Ore. \Varxbr. 31st “ Fayette and Henry—*Luther J. Glixs. 32d Jasper and Butts—Col. J. C. Water*. 35? h “ Wilkes and Lincoln—lsaiah T. Irtix. 33d “ Newton and Walton—Warrrx J. Hill. 38th “ Clark and Jackson—Samoa. Bailet. 39th “ Gwinnett and DeKalb—J as. P. Simmoxa. 40th “ Paulding and Cass—Fraxcis Inwix. 41st “ Cobb and Cherokee—Wm. H. Huxt 43d “ Habersham and Rabun—Enw’o Corn*. 44th “ Lumpkin and Union—Emhu S. Barclat. Richmond coustv. FOR REPRESENTATIVE WILLIAM SCHLSY^JR, Democratic Ticket for Wilkes County. Par Senate tibth District. ISAIAH T, IRVIN. For Hmtse of Representatives. LEWIS S. BROWN. HENRY P. WOOTTEN. regular Carrier for the First artdt i Second Wards is still sick, and the one whom he was replaced is also sick. Subscrib j ers in that section of the city will please send to the office for their papers MEXICO CONQUERED! THE AMERICAN* Ylj\o FIXJATS OVER TUB ORIIAT CITY OF THE MONTF.ZUMAS J We give much of our space to the interest ing details of event*, received by express yes terday, from the seat of war. / Besides the accounts which we publish ir» full, we give below a condensed statement of the most important items in letters which we j do not give entire. A letter in the Boletin de Altisco gives a j sketch of occurrence! of the 11th and 12th i Sept. From it, we extract the following para ‘ graphs, written on the 11th. It appears that the enemy is convinced of the impossibility of reducing the capital by i any other means, because there is no doubt that he has lost 900 to 1000 men, who were placed hors de combat by the action of the Bth, aud among them 37 officers and 3 colonels kil led, and 1 colonel wounded. It appears that i the death of Gen. Pillow is uncertain, i In compensation for this loss, or whatever you like, they hung yesterday at San Angel * all the prisoners of the Legion of St. Patrick, they took at Churubusco, when all the world thought they would have been spared capital i punishment. They have expelled from their ; houses all the inhabitants of the village of ! Mixcoac, in order to establish there their hos | pitals and headquarters. There are also three letters of Kendall of the Picayune, dated August 30th, September 4th and sth, detailing occurrences down to the latter date. As usual, there are some Sings j in them at the Administration, which in the eyes of some, is never right. If any thing is done wrong, the Administration gets the blame whether it is done by its sanction or not. The following tire specimens. I am one of those who, without censuring j General Scott for not entering the capital at once, believe it would certainly have been more ! satisfactory to the country, if not the wiser policy. lie doubtless has instructions in his pocket from his Government, and has obeyed them; and if any disadvantage should now grow* out of his not pursuing a panic-strikea enemy to their utter discomfiture, the fault j must not lie at his door. It has always seem-* ed to me that the authorities at Washington | wish all their generals to light their battles ! with their gloves on, after the manner of pugilists who do not wish to hurt each other —they are fearful of thrashing the enemy too soundly, lest the smarting of defeat might render them deaf to fresh propositions of peace, which are always sure to be at hand. [Letter of Sept. 4 th.. * * * If peace is made with the MexL cans it will be a strange one, will stand alone* will have neither precedent nor parallel, and all the credit the Government at W a&hington will get for its agency in the matter, I am fearful will not elevate us much among the nations of the earth. Yours, &c„ o. w. k. [Letter of Sept. sth. What sort of peace will please the W nigs? Our Government cannot be more liberal to Mexico than they would be, judging from their papers. The following additional paragraphs will be j interesting. We congratulate the friends of »