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ifc—HBBPMBMBjaBB— — AJMKiwg^aaßßjftaKßaK THE CON ST IT UTION ALI ST. JAM ES GARDNER, J rT~ TBKMS. Daily; per annum oo Tri-Weekly, per annum 6 00 If paid in advance... 5 00 Weekly, per annum.,, 3 00 If paid ill advance..... 2 50 To Clubs, remitting $lO in advance, FIVE COI’IES arc sbnt. This will put our Weekly pa per in the reach of new subscribers at TWa DOLLARS A YEAR* (UFSubscribers who will pay up arrearages, and send four new subscribers, with the money, can get the paper at $2 00. ftjTAil new subscriptions must be paid in ad vance. DU’Postage must be paid on all communications and letters of business. ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■BBKaßMßßqianiiiiii.iiiiHWißgwwwcaaßßirnMirftiii The Truest Friend —by charles swain. There is a friend, a secret friend, r In every trial, every grief, To cheer, to counsel, and defend,- .Os all we ever had the chief! .A friend, who watching from above, When’er in error’s path we trod, Still sought us with reproving love, That friend, that secret friend is God ! There is a friend, a faithful friend, In every chance and change of fate. Whose boundless love doth solace send, When other friendships come too late ! A friend, that when the world deceives. And wearily We onward plod. Still comforts every heart that grieves, That true, that faithful friend, is God ' How blest the years of life might flow, In one unchanged, unshaken trust} If man this truth would only know, And love his Maker and be just! Yes, there’s a friend, a constant friend, VVhb ne’er forsakes the lowliest sod. But in each need, His hand doth lend ; That friend that truest friend is God ! Georgia legislature. IN SENA TE. Tuesday, Nov. 9, 1847. Mr. Dunhaganlaid on the table the follow ing Resolution ; 60 copies of which were or dered to be printed for the use ol the Senate. As the representatives of Georgia, one of the members of this confederacy—it is right and proper to give an expression of opinion and sentiment in reference of measures and policy of the General Government. There fore Be it Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives. That the General Govern ment of the United States ought to raise no rilore revenue in time of peace, than is necessa ry to defray the expense of its economical ad ministration, and that in adjusting a tariff on imports for this subject, the duties should be assessed upon the ad valorem principle. 2. Be it Resolved , That the Tariff law of 1*846 approximates as nearly to these requisites aS is practicable, in a country of such diversi fied and conflicting interests as ours, and that the prosperity of the commercial, agricultural ahd manufacturing pursuits of the United States under its benign operation, demon strates the justice and wisdom of its provisions, as well as the folly of its repeal. 3. Be it Resolved, That if, in consequence df the existing war with Mexico, it becomes necessary tojincrease the revenue upon imports, there should be no departure from the ad valo rem principle nor ought it to furnish any pre text for unjust discriminations for the mere sake of protection, but that such increase of PeVenue should be raised by duties on articles now free of duty under the existing tariff law. 4. Be it Resolved, That the Congress of the United States has no Constitutional power to incorporate a National Bank, and that the suc cessful operation of the Independent Treasury, proves conclusively that such an institution is not necessary, as a fiscal agent, for the receipt, custody and disbursement of the public funds. 5. Be it Resolved , That the Congress of the United States, has no constitutional power to appropriate public money for the construction of works of internal improvement, except such as are strictly of a national character. 6. Be it Resolved, That the distribution of the sale of the public lands is inexpedient and unwise, because it would create a necessity ' for an increase of tariff duties, to the extent that such proceeds add to the annual revenue of the Government. 7. Be it Resolved, That the judicious exer cise of the Veto power by the Executive of the United States, is the only protection of the minority against the rash, foolish or un constitutional action of the majority,and there fore any modification of that clause of the con stitution of the United States, which vests that power in the President, would be unwise and peculiarly dangerous to the Southern por tion of this confederacy. 8. Be it Resolved, That lamentable as are the evils of war, they arc preferable to an un just and dishonorable peace, and (that as by the act of the Republic of Mexico, a state of war exists between that Government and the United States) this Republic is not responsible for its consequences. 9. Be it Resolved, That the existing war with Mexico ought to be prosecuted with the ut most vigor, until that Government shall agree to pay all demands due to our Government on account of spoliations done to our citizens, as well as a just indemnity for the expenses in curred by the Government in the prosecution of the war, which she has forced upon us, and that if she bo unabled to do so in money, the United States should insist upon her ceding territory sufficient in value to satisfy so just and reasonable a demand. 10. Be it Resolved, That in view of the possi ble acquisition of territory by the United St ates for the purpose aforesaid, we adopt the four following resolutions passed by the General Assembly of Virginia. 11. Resolved , That the Government of the United States has no control, directly or in directly, mediately or immediately, over the institution of slavery, and that in taking any such control, it transcends the limits of its legitimate functions by destroying the internal organization of the sovereignties which formed it. 12. Be it Resolved, That under no circum stances, will this body recognize as binding, any enactment of the Federal Government, which has for its object, the prohibition of Slavery in any territory to be acquired, either by conquest or treaty, South of the line of the Missouri Compromise, holding it to be the na tural and independent right of each citizen of each and every State of the Confederacy, to reside with his property, of whatever descrip tion, in any territory which may be acquired by the Arm. 4 of the United States, or yielded by treaty with any foreign Power. 13. Beit Resolved, That this Assembly holds it to be the duty of every man, in every sec tion of this Confederacy, if the Union is dear to him, to oppose the passage of any law for whatever, purpose, by which territory to be acquired may be subject to such a restriction. 14. Be it Resolved, That the passage of the Wilmot Proviso by the House of Representa tives of the United States, makes it the duty of every slaveholdmg State, and the citizens as they value their dearest privileges, their sovereignty, their independence and their wtsi I w.m e.u’-i- "...i reran rights of property, to take firm, united and concerted action in this emergency. 16. Be it Resolved, That the firmness, justice t and wisdom with which James K. Polk has '■ t fcomlubtcd the administration of this Govern- j C ment, bosh foreign and domestic, entitle him c to the confidence and gratitude of the People. I IG. Beit Resolved, That the thanks of the 1 whole country arc due to the gallant officers < and men of our Army, Navy and Volunteer t service, for the glory with which they have covered ottr Arms, and the heroic valor with < which they have sustained their country’s f cause on the battle field. i f Correspondence of the Baltimore *S’«77.] WASHINGTON, Nov. 9, 1847. ; Important Letter from Major Hohhic—The Report ‘ of the Postmaster (General—Triumph oj the Cheap Postage Si f stem —The rerommendation of a uni- f form Cheap Postage—Reports and Estimates oj \ the different Departments—No Despettehes from den. Scott —Hardworking Secretary—The Consu- ] lar System , fyc. i The Cambria brought a letter from Major i Hobble, the first assistant postmaster, now in « England, stating that he has met with no i difficulties in completing a postal arrangement « with Franco and the various poweis in Gcr- i many; but that he has not yet succeeded in i coming to a satisfactory understanding with i the authorities of Great Britain. His business j there seems to bo much delayed by formalities, ( and be chances to see the proper persons only at great intervals. The British Government probablv waits till Congress shall enact full re prisals, and in the mean time pockets a few dirty shillings. Poor country ! she is involv ed in such a financial crisis, that every little i helps. , .... The Report of the Postmaster General will be one of the most satisfactory public documents, and will show with what justice the Hon. Cave Johnson has been abused by the corpora tion presses. There have been more miles of Mail Transportation put into operation since ho has been in office than before, and more new post-offices established than at any correspon ding period previous ; and the business of the Department was never more thoroughly up.— The new post-offices come under the appoint ment office of the second assistant Postmaster General, the talented and indefatigable Wil liam J. Brown, mentioned in my previous let ters. # . But the most important fact, which will be hailed throughout the country with great joy, is, that the deficiency of the revenue of the Department, produced by the reduction of postage, is very rapidly diminishing, proving thereby, that the experiment has entirely suc ceeded. The deficit of the first year after the act was $800,000; the deficit of the last year was $640,000; while the deficit in this year is only $40,000. This is a fact exhibiting the increase of in telligence and correspondence under the new act, similar to that which is exhibited in Eng land. and will, in the opinion of the Postmas ter ueneral, lead to the same result, viz : the introduction of a uniform system of cheap pos tage. The fact is,, were it not for the railroad ex tortions, the Postmaster General’s Report would no doubt recommend the sj'stem of uni form postage on letters, say five cents per letter, throughout the Union, but the country knows how he has been at war against the mo nopolizing spirit of corporations, and how the latter have revenged through the presses devoted to their interest. The public have no idea what enormous proportion the compensation paid to Railroad Companies bears to all other compensations for ser vices rendered, to the Department. Yet, notwithstanding, all these services and odious obstacles, I still think the Postmaster General will, in his Report, recommend to Congress the adoption of a uniform cheap postage throughout the Union ! The reports and different estimates of the department are now making out, and the se cretaries are more busy than ever. Gen. Scott has not yet forwarded his despatches; at least they have not arrived here, and there is some probability now that they will not come to hand before the meeting of Congress. Mr. Secretary Walker isnow working daily sixteen hours in the Treasury Department, to prepare his triumphant vindication of the tariff of 1816, and to prove by a course of mathematial rea soning, well substantiated by experience, that the principles on which the tariff was framed have suffered no abatement from the tremend ous commercial and monetary crisis which now ' threatens to sweep the whole civilized world. When Mr. Walker’s report on that subject shall be read, that question which has so long ; divided parties will not again become anclc s ment of political contention, and will not en ter largely in the next Presidential canvass.— Mr. Walker will treat of it in reference to sub s ject matter, and take such lofty statesmanlike [“ views as will leave the party drudges far be ■ hind him. His argumentation, based on in • controvertible facts, will address itself to the • country at large, and be presented in the shape ; of a treaties rather than a mere state paper ex • hibiting the great national balance sheet. During all this war with Mexico, the Trea sury Department lias, in all probability, been j the most difficult to manage, while the duties - devolving on the Secretary of that Depart r ment were the most arduous of any connected f with the Government. Their discharge re ; quired a larger amount of skill, tact and fore ? cast than was ever called in requisition in re gard to any of his predecessors since the l framing of our Constitution; and Mr. Walker has acquitted himself among difficulties ! which were deemed overwhelming by his l opponents, and from which even his friends i scarcely hoped to see him extricated, in a raan • ner so perfectly triumphant, that the financial l principles which arc now forever associated with his name, will not be seriously called in ? question at any subsequent period, let the j Administration be Whig or Democratic, or a ; compound of both. The report of Mr. Walker will be a most elaborate instrument, treating of the Tariff, the Sub-Treasury, the Warehouse i System, the mode of raising future loans, and • the revenue which is necessary to carry the [ war with Mexico to a successful conclusion, and it will exhibit on all those subjects statos • manlike views and arguments, which will com mand the undivided attention of the country. ; I see in a late number of the Journal des De bate, an ordonuancc of the King of the French, s in regard to the Consular system of France.— L It might well pe imitated in this country. A I regular system of instruction and advancement is introduced, well calculated to render Con . suls respectable even without large salaries. — , They are to be trough, up like Diplomates in a regular school, to which none are admitted : who have not previously passed a regular ex • animation,in regard to their knowledge on law, - science,and commerce. When they have pass ed this examination they are to be admitted as Consular pupils, (Elcves Consul) and placed with some Consular agent to acquire the prac tical duties and routine of the business of Con suls. After a number of years and a second examination, they arc promoted from Consular pupils to Consular agents, and thcncc as op portunities may occur, from that post to a Consulate of 2d rank, from whence at last they become Consulars of the first rank and Con suls General. !Buch a system is admirably cal culated to produce men who will command respect, and whose spelling, at least, need not be corrreeted in the State Department. A pro per inquiry into this subject will show the ne cessity of reform in our own Consular sys tem, proposed by Mr. Buchanan at the last session,and which I trust will be again brought * forward at the next. [From the Tallahassee Floridian ] “Mustang” the Mexican correspondent of j the New Orleans Delta, whos admierable let- ; tots descriptive of the battles of Contreras, Chuntbusco, Chapultepcc, &c., have been so 1 extensively copied and generally praised, is a ] practical priftter, and worked in this office in 1844. lie is by birth, if we rightly remember, 1 a Marylander, and is well known in some por tions of that State as Mr. James I/. Frcaner. The members of the old Leon County Hickory Club will recollect him as the very excellent singer who led the choir at the enthusiastic meetings of tlic Culb in 1844. "NV liilc here, he composed a song, and appended to each stan zas the chorus which is quoted by him in his account of the capture of the city of Mexico, viz: “Our flag is there,” &c. This song was sung by him on the presentation of a beauti ful flag to the Hickory Club by the Democratic Ladies of this city, and produced a happy ef fect. His democratic songs added no little to the spirit of those never-to-be-forgotten assemblages of the “flat-footed democracy” of old Leon. By the way, we remember an anec dote of those times, in which Freaner figured conspicuously, and which will therefore do to tell. On the day of the election in this coun ty, which we believe was just three years ago this very day, in the fall of 1844, our whig friends rallied their singing crowd, and march ed foward to the polls, in high glee, and lashing the democrat after this sort — “ II enry Clay and Frclinghuyscn To James K. Polk will be rank pizen !” “ Mustang’s” republicanism could not stand this, and rallying his forces, he struck up in a clear, loud voice, sutlicientto drown the oppo sing minstrels — “ We’ll give onr Polk our suffrage poll To drive the Coon back to his hole, And Jersey’s weasel, and Sunday mail, We’ll ride upon a Hickory rail ! O Coons you stand no chance, Ac. This was enough —the Coon’s fled, and wc skinned them pretty effectually that day, elec ting our entire Senatorial ticket, and so on. — Mr. Frcaner left this city-in November, 1844, for New Orleans. When the news of General Taylor’s perilous position was received in New Orleans, Frcaner was among the first to enroll himself a volunteer for his relief, and march ed and served a campaign as a private in the company raised in New Orleans. Augusta, o£orjj ia . SUNDAY MORNING, NOV. 14. A postscript to our Milledgville Cor respondent’s letter, due yesterday, was not put in the Post Office in time for the mail, which will account for its delay. [Editorial Correspondence of the Constitutionalist .] MILLEDGEYILLE, Nov. 11. I availed myself of the bright, pleasant day, and of the adjournment of both Hous es of the Legislature, to attend the Com mencement of Oglethorpe University, which took place yesterday, Like all similar occa sions, it assembled the wisdom, wit, beauty, fashion anti style which have all their repre sentatives at the metropolis of Georgia at this period. It brought together also very many who could be classed under neither the above designations. But the general character of the large audience which filled the College r chapel was such in intelligence, refinement and taste, as to be highly gratifying to every orator whose privilege it was to address them. I regret that I did not preserve a programme to send you. The exercises went off in a sat isfactory manner, bating one or two exceptions. The fine Circus Band, which parades the streets here every day in a car drawn by ten splendid cream horses, with teeming plumes of white, tipped with red, waving over their heads, did the music on the occasion. But it was so loud and boisterous and reverberated so stunningly through the chapel that it was anything else but pleasant. There were few sweet and dulcet tones amidst its deep diapa son, its rattling thunder and shrill blasts. In the open air, or perhaps beneath the extensive canopy of the Circus, the music may be alto gether fine. Many of the magnates of the State were present and on the stage. Besides the Trus tees, there were the Governor of the State, the Judges of the Supreme Court, several Circuit Judges, and ex-Judges, the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House, the Whig nominees for the Senate made by the Whig caucus, and the nominee of the De mocratic caucus which assembled last night to nominate a candidate to oppose Judge Berrien. This nominee is the Hon. ChArlcs J. McDon ald. 31c will not be elected, the refractory Whigs having been pretty thoroughly whip ped in to the support of Judge 8., and the strongest anti-Berrien men will probably now cast their ballots for him, or vote blanks. The Dawson men arc appeased, and that one ele ment of opposition quelled. There arc, how ever, faint whispers of another Whig being put up and elected. The nomination of Gov. McDonald is important to him and to the De mocratic party, however in this. In the event, not improbable, of the resignation at an early day of Judge Colquitt, the Governor would no doubt yield to the expressed will of the Democratic party, by nominating their choice to fill the vacancy. The Oration of Mr. Wm. Gilmore Sims be fore the two literary Societies was a magnifi cent production. It has added, in the esti mation of his auditors, to his reputation, and when published will be read with profit and pleasure by thousands of his admirers. It was chaste ami pure in style, profound in thought, and in the main eminently practical, and instructive. In some of its views and spe culations it was somewhat strained and stilted —what might be called transcendental. But it was perhaps a not injudicious error to hold up as models and motives to the youtliful as pirant, about stepping on the great theatre of life, a higher morality—a loftier view of man’s capacities, obligations and destinies, than ordi narily inspire his thoughts and stimulate his actions. Ills theme may be expressed in a few words. Sclf-devolopcment is the great duty of. man —his talents seem a trust for which he would be held to a strict account, each man according to his endowment— -faith to believe in his capacity to do his duty, will to determine that he would realize the destiny which Providence assigned him, were the re quisites —the sole requisites,for Providence had created no dunces. Each was endowed and fitted for his appropriate sphere. With faith and will he could be a man. Without them, NOTHING. gaMgmaiM.. ,h WL.I.LSP— aergn It would give mo pleasure to enter at large into an account of this fine Oration, its style and imagery, the manner of its delivery and ] the evident admiration it excited. Though he commenced with a fatigued audience, who i had already been listening to the speeches of the graduating class for more than two hours, he enchained the attention of a large portion for near two hours longer. It was much to be regretted that the arrangements were not such as that he could have had a morning or an afternoon appropriated solely for his Ora tion. I must forbear a more minute account of this fine effort of Mr. Sims, for fear that I might not do it justice, in the hurried manner in which lam forced to write. The mail will soon close. G. GUORGrIA LEGISIiATURU, IN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Thursday, Nov. 11th, 1847. Biles Introduced. By Mr. Neal of Lincoln, to amend the Road Laws so far as relates to the county of Lincoln. Mr. W alker of Richmond laid upon the ta ble a memorial from Elizabeth Liverman, and sundry citizens of Richmond county, in be half of John Liverman, a convict in the Peni tentiary. Mr. Moseley moved to take up the Resolu tion of the Senate, bringing on the election of two Senators to represent the State of Geor gia. in the Congress of the United States, on Thursday, the 11th inst., at II o’clock, A. M. Mr. Jones moved to amend by striking out “Thursday, the 11th inst.” and inserting Tues day, the IGth instant. Whereupon the Yeas and Nays were re quired and arc, yeas 63, and nays 65. The motion to strike out was lost. Mr. Moseley moved to amend by striking out “Thursday, the 11th inst.,” and insert Saturday, the 13th, which was agreed to. Whereupon, Mr. Gaulding offered the fol lowing as a substitute. Resolved , That both branches of the Gene ral Assembly, will convene in the Representa tive Hall, on Saturday next, at 11 o’clock, A. M., for the purpose of electing a Senator to the Congress of the United States, for 6 years from the 4th March last. Whereupon after some remarks by Mr. Gaulding, on the question, the yeas and nays were required to be recorded, and arc as fol lows : Yeas. — Messrs. Atkinson, Bailey, Barnes, Baratte, Baugh, Bryan of Houston, Bryan of Wayne, Cabiness, Candler, Carlton, Carter, Cleveland, Colbert, Cone, Darnell, Dorminy, Fields, Fitzpatrick, Franklin, Freeman, Gauld ing, Glass, Glover of Jasper, Hall, Harden, Hecldon, Heard, Hendricks, Holmes, Jackson of Walton, Jones, Keith, Kenan, Kilgore, Ma loney, Martin, McConnell of Cass, McConnell of Cobh, McDonald, McDuffie, Morris, Penti cost, Phillips, Pinckard, Pollock, Rawls, Reid, Robinson of Jasper, Rosar, Sheffield, Smith of Cass, Spear, Strickland, Sumner, Tift, Vardcman, Walker of Crawford, Weathers, Whitworth, Williams, Williamson, Wilson, Wimbish. —63. Nays. —Messrs. Alexander, Anderson of Warren, Anderson of Wilkes, Andrews, Ar nold, Bacon, Battle, Bartow. Beasley, Be thunc, Black, Bird, Brandon, Brinson, Brown, Bullard, Callaway, Cameron, Clark, Crocker, Dozier, Dubignon, Fleming, Gartrel, Glenn, Glover of Jones, Graham, Gresham, Harris of Baldwin, Harris of Clark, Harris of Taliaferro, Hodges, Howard, Jackson of Clark, Jackson of Sumter, Lawhon, Lewis, McCara, McLeod, Mclntosh, Morgan, Moseley, Neal, Nisbet, Pace, Perkins, Price, Quarterman, Ramsay, Reynolds, Robinson of Coweta, Robinson of Laurens, Sanford, Seward, Shockley, Smith of Oglethorpe, Terrell, Talbot, Tillman, Todd, Townsend, Walker of Richmond, Ward, Wood, Zachry—6s. The Resolution was then, taken up and agreed to as annexed—yeas 66, nays 63. IN SENA TE. The clerk of the House of Representatives reported the concurrence of the House to a Joint Resolution, requesting His Excellency, the Governor to issue his Proclamation ap pointing Thursday, the 25th instant, as a day of Thanksgiving and Prayer. Mr, Dunnagan moved arc-consideration of the resolution of the Senate, passed on Tues day, to bring on the election of two United States Senators. After some discussion on the part of Messrs. Dunangan, and Foreman in fa vor of the motion, and Mr. Terrell against it, the motion was lost. Yeas 11), Nays 25. The Senate concurred in a resolution of the House to proceed on Friday morning, 12th in stant, at 10 o’clock, to the election of a Trea surer, Comptroller General, Secretary of State, and State Printer. Mr. Lawton laid upon the table a Resolu tion, complimenting the Georgia Regiment, under the command of Col. Henry R. Jack son, which was taken up and agreed to. Theatre- The Theatre has been freely patronized du ring the past week, and “ Fashion” has been well received. The Manager deserves great credit for the manner in which he got it up ; and all the characters in it were well sustain ed by the Company. To-morrow evening the Manager offers a nother attractive bill. On that evening the popular play of “Love’s Sacrifice,” will be performed for the first time in this city. Mr. Crisp and Miss Ellis will both appear in this piece. The comedy of “Used Up,” will close the performances of the evening, in which Mr. Crisp will sustain the character of Sir Charles Coldstream, and Mrs. Forbes that of Mary Wheatley, Massachusetts Election. Returns from 284 towns, give Briggs, whig, 51,204; Cushing, dcm., 38,368, all others 11,- 592. The whigs have elected 18 Senators, the whole number elected out of 40, of which the Senate consists. To the House the whigs have elected 147 members, the democrats 51, and the abolitionists J. Tennessee- The Senatorial term of S. A. Jarnigan ex pired on the 4th of March last. The Legis lature of Tennessee, at the latest accounts, was occupied in endeavoring to make an elec tion to supply his vacancy. About twenty candidates were placed in nomination : there were twenty-nine ballotings without any choice being made. The most prominent candidates were Reese, Nethorland, Blair and Topp.- wn—awm a r Thanksgiving Day- The Legislature has passed a resolution ap pointing Thursday, the 25th inst., as a day of Thanksgiving. This makes, we believe, the si^teenth{State which has designated this day for the same purpose. Oglethorpe University. We find in the Savannah Georgian of Fri day, the following programme of the recent Exhibition at Oglethorpe University : PRAYER BY TUB PRESIDENT MUSIC. B. F. Carter, Scottsboro, Ga., Ferdinand and Isabella. G. R. Foster, Montgomery, Ala., Full of the Incas. MUSIC. Donald Fraser, Liberty county, Ga., St. Paul. A. Sidney Ilartridgc, Scottsboro, Ga., Lord Byron. MUSIC. James A. Hopson, Lagrange, Ga., Improbus labor omnia vincit. Lafayette S. Quartcrman, Liberty county, Ga., Lorenzo De Medici. MUSIC. John B. Ragland, Columbus, Ga., Lafayette. John M. Smith, Indian Springs, Ala., The Monuments of Genius. MUSIC. Sam. B. Spencer,‘laborty county, Ga., Gene ral Oglethorpe. Leander L. Yarnedoe, liberty county, Ga., Alexander Hamilton. B EX E DICTION M USIC. (From the N. Y. Jour, of Commerce of the 10 th inst.{ ARRIVAL OF VUE STEAMER WASHINGTON FIVE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. The steamer Washington, Capt. Hewitt, ar rived at this port yesterday from Bremen via Southampton, bringing us London papers to the 21th ult., and Liverpool to the 23d (Sat urday.) Considering the roughness of the weather, she made an excellent passage. Corn and cotton remained about as before. Some new failures had occurred, and money continued scarce, but for the last day or two previous to the steamer’s departure, there were symptoms of convalescence. The French steamer Union arrived at Cher bourg from this city on the morning of the 18th uit. She experienced bad weather on the passage. Ibrahim Pacha arrived at Malta on the 14th ult., on his way to England. Continued Commercial Emharrasment—Unabated Distress throughout England■—Stoppage oj Banks, and Continued Fall in Prices. LIVERPOOL, Oct, 23. —During the brief interval of only a few days since the departure of the Caledonia, no amelioration in the state of mercantile affairs can be said to have taken place. The failures w hich have occurred have not been of that extensive character as those previously recorded; but in our own town the pressure has been as great, if not greater, than at any period of the crisis. It will be seen that a deputation of our leading merchants, headed by the mayor, have applied to her Majesty’s Government for relief; but as the Bank of England directors, and a very large class of re flecting men, continue to adhere to the inflexi ble principle of Peel’s Bank Act, Government hesitates to interfere,seeing that public opinion is still divided upon the subject. It is,moreover, apparent that an issue of Exchcquerßills would be of doubtful efficacy, considering the pre sent prices of those securities; whilst an issue of Bank notes would now be, even if they could prove a perfect remedial measure for the moment, a direct violation of the existing law. To issue an Order in Council, for the purpose of rendering nugatory a deliberate act of the Legislature, passed not four years ago, would be a step which no Minister of the Crown could venture upon, more especially with an untired new' Parliament, which migh, in the sequel, if the measure failed of success, refuse _ to pass au act of indemnity. It seems, there fore, to us hopeless to expect the Government to infere; but still think that, as soon as Minis ters can make up their minds what is the lit and proper remedy for the undoubted exist ing monetary, evils,they will immediately call Parliament together in order to carry their resolutions into effect in the most constitution al mode. In our last w'e announced the failure of the Royal Bank of Liverpool, and the ineffectual aplication of a deputation sent to London for the purpose of obtaining assistance to enable the institution to go on. When the intelli gence reached Liverpool of the refusal of the Bank of England to interfere, great consterna tion ensued. Mr. Littlcdale, the head of the firm of brokers bearing his name, repaired im mediately to London with a view to alter the determination of the Bank of England. As regarded his own affairs he partially succeeded. We believe that £50,000, in bank notes and £250,000 in stocks were advanced to him, and this arrangement scorned to stay extensive mischief in the town. Several failures have, however, taken place. Messrs. C. W. &. F. Shared, connected with Antigua and the West Indies, stopped payment, as also Berry, Y'oung & Co., cotton brokers, Livington & Co., exten sive East India merchants; and we learn from London that the acceptances of Barton, Irlam & Iligginson, payable in London, have been refused payment by Robarts, Curtis & Co., w t’i the reply of “no orders.” This morning the suspension of the firm became a matter of public notoriety, and it is stated that the lia bilities are not less than one million sterling. This is by far the most extensive failure we have had in our town, and we greatly appre hend that the mischief that it will occasion will bo most extensive. Whilst we record these mercantile failures, we have also the painful task of reporting that the Banking establishments in some parts of the country arc now affected. The Liverpool Banking Company followed the fate of the Royal Bank,and virtually suspended cash pay ments.. Its business was very much smaller than the Royal Bank. The Manchester Bank, Scholes & Co., a small concern, has also stop ped. The Newcastle Union Joint-Stock has also closed their doors. The company had a paid up capital of £152,400, and being a bank of issue, their notes in circulation amount to £75,000. The stoppage will occasion much inconvenience in the mining districts, with which the bank was connected. From the European Times, Oct. 23. Failures of merchants and bankers in Eng land and other parts of Europe since the pub lication of the “ European Times’’ of the 19th October; Barton, Irlam & Iligginson, merchants, Liverpool. Berry, Young & Co., cotton brokers, Liv erpool. Bertrand & Napoleon, Com tray. Brooke & Wilson, shipowners, Liverpool. Grazebrook & Son, iron merchants, Liver pool, Jones, W., & Co., wholesale tea dealers, Liverpool. Liverpool Banking Company, Liverpool. Livingston & Co., East India merchants, Liverpool. Log in, James, Canadian trade, Liverpool. Molyncux & Hulbcrt, tea brokers, Liverpool. Newcastle Union Joint Stock Bank, New castle. Scholes, Tetlow & Co., bankers, Manchester. Verrein & A. Gielis, manufacturers. Court ray. Warden & Co., merchants, Liverpool. Correspondence of the London Times. _ Liverpool, Oct. 21. \v e can to-day report to you no amendment in the state of affairs. The aspect of the mo ney market and commercial affairs is frightful This morning the American Chamber of Commerce held a meeting upon the subject of the present frightful crisis, and specially to consider whether the association should renew' their applications to the Government to relieve the distresses of the community. No deci sion, how ever, was taken : and the ‘Chamber adjourned after receiving a formal report from the recent deputation, without determinin ' lo adopt such a step for the present. Liverpool, Friday, P. M., Oct 22. A perceptible improvement may be noted to-day in the tone of feeling prevalent on the ’Change-square. The happy result of the ef forts made by Messrs. T. & 11. Littlcdale to preserve the credit of their firm, the first bro kers’ house in this county, was announced at a late hour last evening, on the arrival a an express train. Private commercial matters also wear an im proved aspect. But one new suspension, on the one hand, can bo noted—namely, that of Messrs. A\ arden & Co., general merchants, of Oldhall street; while, on the contrary, wo have the pleasure of stating that two resump tions arc announced; the one that of Messrs. Livingston & Co., who have to-day received remittances from India; the other that of Messrs. Scholes & Co.’s private bank, in Man chester. TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. The humble petition of the undersigned Bankers , Merchants, Traders and others, inhabitants of Liverpool, “ shcireth , — “That your petitioners humbly beg to rep resent to your Majesty the ruin with which commerce, manufactures, and industry of the country arc threatened —trade is paralysed, manufactures to a great extent stopped, and the laboring classes thrown out of employ ment. “Your petitioners have in vain invoked the assistance of your Majesty’s ministers to re store confidence and allay the universal alarm which prevails, and they now venture to ap proach the Throne with full confidence in your Majesty’s solicitude for the welfare of your people, and praying that your Majesty will be graciously pleased to summon the leg islature to meet for the purpose of deliberat ing on the alarming condition of the country; and of advising measures for restoring confi dence. “Your petitioners feed assured that unless remedial measures be speedily adopted, tho social condition of your majesty’s subjects will be impaired to such an extent as to jeopar dise the national credit, and lead to scenes of unheard-of calamity and disorganization. “The revenue of the country, from Cus i toms, Excise, and Income Tax, is threatened with serious diminution. “The ruin of those classes on which the la bor of the country depends, must inevitably lead to lawless means of obtaining that food w hich can no longer be procured by honest in dustry, necessitating the military force to re press the excesses of a mass of people driven to desperation by impending w'ant.” ‘ ' The Manufacturing - District* ' MANCHESTER, Oct. 22.—T0-day a gen eral strike, or cessation from w r ork, as previ ously determined on at a meeting of the dele gates, took place at Ashton, the masters having refused to accede to the request of the depu tation, that they should withdraw their pro posed reduction of ten per cent, upon wages. Accordingly about 30 mills strike after to-day, Thursday being what is termed the “finishing up” day of the week. Everything is perfect ly peaceable, it being expected that terms w’ill be come to; at any rate, if trade becomes more brisk, and the masters require, haijds. The state of trade throughout the manufac turing districts of Lancashire finds n» t p9rallcl ~ in any previous experience. The numbers throw'll out of employ increase every day, and the complement of mills at work is every week being reduced. This is fgund to«be the case from official statistic returns. As regards dj the operative classes in Manchester * Lancashire districts, in January o\t appears from these returns, there were 175 mills in Manchester, 113 of which were working full, and 52 short time, 10 being altogether stopped. The number of hands are 19,856 males and 19,533 females, or a total factory population of about 40,000. Os these 25,847 were work ing on full time, 11,851 on short time, while 1,691 were wholly out of employ, the average hours per day in the mills working short time being seven hours and a quarter. The return for the northern division of the district, including Blackburn, Middleton, Ley land, Bolton, Ashton, Bury, Prescot, War ringt in, Ormskirk, Kirkdale, St. Helen’s and other places, show that there ivere 754 mills and 126,457 hands. Os these, 393 mills were in full work, the hands emploved being 52,792; 232 w'ere working short time, wdth 5,842 hands; 54 had been closed by the masters, throwing 19,237 out of employ; five mills had struck with 658 hands, the strikes being principally in Blackburn and Ashton. The returns for Lancaster, Preston, Yorkshire, and Cheshire, and the boundary of Lancashire are not more favorable. They show that the total num ber of mills are i 13, the total hands 28,117; the mills in full w'ork 73, the hands in them, 17,932; the number on short work 21,the hands 7,542; the number closed 14, representing out of employ 2,076 hands; the number struck 5, hands 567; the mills that have struck being in Yorkshire, Cheshire, and the outskirts of Lan cashire. The return for Stockport, and which is to be presented for the consideration of the mag istrates at the Knutsford Sessions, show's that there are 36 mills, w hich gave employment to' 18,250 hands. Os this number 5,020 hands are totally stopped. There arc 583 working five days and a half in the week; 794 five days; 1,389 four days; 1,221 three days and a half; 7,387 three days; and 857 two days. In fact, all the mills are working on short rations, and at a largely reduced scale through out this immense manufacturing district. The general feeling at present influencing' the leaning manufacturing firms of Lancashire Is, that the proposed reduction of 10 per cent, on wages, in the face of the existing commer j cial depression, is an unavoidable, nay, neces sary evil; for they contend that to keep things in action they must regulate their w r ages and their work conimensuratcly with the demand. This demand at present amounts to compara tively nothing, but they hope, by adopting this policy and by working "proportionate time,' that things w r ill gradually conic round and right themselves. The present agitation docs not extend to what are called the fine spinning factories, where they prepare silks, muslins, &c., for the use of the upper classes, w'ho can afford them, but chiefly to the coarse spinning factories, for yarns, calicoes, fustians, Sec., wiiose trade is more dependent on the wmrking classes, who cannot afford to be purchasers as usual at such a period of depression as the present. Ow ing to the scarcity of cotton and its high price, it is estimated that there has been one-third less consumption than last year, w'hile the number of bales used per week has been reduce ! from 28,000 to 18,000, or at the rate of 10,000 per week. The wages on the fine mills vary from 30s. to 20s. per week ; in the coarse mills from 18s. to 30s. ; and it follows, that where they work short time, in many they work by piece, the wages are commensuratcly redu ! ced. The latter payment, how'ever, is consid ered sufficient to keep the operatives in sub sistence.