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THE COMSTITUTIONALIBT. ' JAMES GARDNER, JR. —~ : rr —— - ■ ■■ - • TERMS. Daily, per aim im J 8 00 Tri-Weekly, per annum ,6 00 II paid in advance ...5 00 Weekly, per annum, if paid in advance..... 00 1 These terms are offered to new subscribers and old subscribers who pay up all arrearages. In no case will the weekly paper be scut at S~, unless the money accompanies the order. in no case will it be sent at $2,00 to an old sub scriber in arrears. o*When the year paid for at $2.00 expires, the c M>er, if not discontinued, or paid for in advance, Will he neat on me old terms, $2,50 if paid at tha rticc within tne year, or J 3,00 if paid after the e tpiration of the year. lO*Postage mnst be paid on all communications and letters of business. r ji nil 111 m I ri I————a——— 'rom the Baltimore Clijjj>er t 25th inst.) *1 Report of the Secretary of the Presale* re P ort ot " Hr. Meredith, but ably Tre f“ I)r ' . accom P ani " ths enl orowJedVr- It.« quite a yoluminoue. i .document, ana m the pres do more than Kr, . r c .i ’* our columns, we cannot view o te pnncvjg. following condensed 1 he receipts and w [ contains : ending 30ih June, 184b,,* * Receipts from custom-....^*! 01 ’ “ u ‘ ”' Ct ‘ y e?r “ “ avails of Treaty , | > ' ) and loans in specie " I , ) °- funded $59,66^,. 00 Add balance in the Treasury, Ju ly I, 1848 153,534 TERMS. $■ 10 The expenditures for the fiscal year were, in cash... ,798,tif77 82 Trea’y notes funded 10,883,000 CO Leaving a balance in the 'Treasu ry, July 1, 1849 £2,184,96 4 28 The receipts for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1850, are e ti maied at £37,823,464 28 And the expenditures at 43,651,585 94 Deficit. Jul) 1,1850 £5,828,121 G 6 T !, e receipts for the year ending June 30, 1851, are estimated at £34,430000 00 And the expenditures at 44,997,092 73 Deficit in 1851 £10,547,092 73 Total deficit of 1850 and 1831, £16,375,214 39. The Secretary refers to the increase of duty to the revenue officers by the establishment of the Warehouse system, and states that 82 additional clerks have been employed at various ports, to relieve as many inspectors. There are 110 collection districts in the U nited States, at 36 of which the lected does not p iv expenses, and at 18 others no revenue was collected during the year. No reduction in the number of revenue offi cers can be made, but on the contrary they should be increased. The number of officers of revenue vessels, charged upon the revenue, has been reduced from 24 to 1G of each grade. Os the public debt, amounting on the Ist October, 1848, to $65,778,450 41, the sum of $1,073,756 70 has since been redeemed by the purchase of stocks. Ac. The public debt now amounts to $64,704,693 71. In order to aid in terming an estimate of > the expenses occasioned by the war with Mexico, the Secretary has directed a state- I ment to be prepared, showing the excess of the expenses of the army proper f >r three years from Ist April, 1846, to Ist April, 1849, over those for the three years immediately preceding ; and the excess of the expenses of the Navy proper for two and a half years from Ist April, 1847, to Ist October, 1848, over those for the two and a half years imme diately preceding. The excess of arm y expenditures thus ascertained was £58,863.993 I! And the excess of navy expenditures 4,751 627 90 Making together (lie sum of.. .£63,605,621 31 The increase of debt by the loans and Treasury notes authorised by the acts of July 22, 1846, 2Gth January, 1847, and March 31, 1848, Wa5..... £49,000,000 00 j The difference between these was of course paid out of the revenue (in cluding balance on Ist April, 1846, and $563,- 961 39 premiums on loans) towards the ex traordinary military and naval expenses of the war. In addition to these expenses (without taking into the calculation sundry smaller items,) the number of military land warrants issuable under the act efl Ith February, 1817, and the act of August 10, 1848, is to be taken info consideration. Linder those acts, 65,171 warrants for 160 acres each, and 5,219 for 40 acres each, have already been issued. Claims to the amount of 9,000 have been suspended or rejected, and it is estimated that the nurn ber of claims yet to be presented will amount to 17,000. The whole amount of warrants issuable un der the act above mentioned, may, therefore, be estimated as equal to 90,000, of 160 acre* each, which at S2OO each, will amount to 18,000,000. Os course, until these warrants shall be exhausted, a large portion of the revenue from sales of public lands must be thereby divested. The actual receipts at the treasury from public lands in the year ending 30th June, 18 18, were $3,328,642 56. t During the calendar years 1847 and 1848, and three quarters of 1849, there were located for patents on military bounty land warrants 6,025,400 acres, amounting, at $1 25 per acre, to the sum of $6,281,750. The receipts at the treasury from sales of public lands during the last fiscal year were $1,688,959 55. During the last fiscal year there were paid understipulations in the treaty with Mexico, sums amounting in all to $7,629,108. Public debt U) the amount of $790,566 39 (including Treasury notes received for customs and lands) was also paid off or purchased out of the general funds and extinguished, besides $382,500 of the Stock find Treasury notes issued under the act of 184 7, purchased out of ■ the land fund and cancelled. Os these sums, $890,175 was new debt contracted since the commencement of the war. i The balance in the treasury on the Ist July, ’ 1849, was $2,184,964 28. ' < After giving some further statistics, the Secretary says: 1 "I have gone into this detail for the purpose of showing that the resources of the country are ample, that the estimated deficit will have ‘ arisen trom the extraordinary expenses of the war and treaty with Mexico, and that the just- ( ly high public credit of the If. States is not - endangered by the fact that, in this position * off affairs, a new loan will be required. 1 Under these circumstances, I proposed that f authority be given to raise such sum, not ex- a ceeding $16,500,009, as maybe found ueces- 1 sary, from time to time, by the issue of stock * or treasury notes, on such terms of interest e £ not exceeding six per cent.) and repayment, t as the President in his discretion, shall, pre- ! vious to their being issued, think it best to or der. Authority has already been given by the act of March 3d, 1849, to issue stock for ‘he $3,- 250,000, appropriated to carry into ch "t the 15th article of the treaty with Mex! v' To pay the instalments due to Mexico, am! provide for the gradual extinguishm. it of the public debt, the Secretary recommend, econo my in appropriations, and an increase or duties on i/njxtrts , which he advocates at length with great force and perspicuity. He proposes: Ist. A considerable increase of duty on cot tons, hempen goods, sugar, salt, coal, woollens, iron, hemp unmanufactured, &c. 2d. A return to the system of specific duties on articles on which they can be ce; vemen y laid. 3d. On those articles on which ; : adva lorern duty is retained, he recommends that it be levied on the market value in the , v incipa' markets of our own country' at the time of ar rival. It would be easier to ascertain at our ports such market value, than it is to ascertain what was that ot a foreign country at a past time. He also recommends the appointment of appraisers at laige, whose duty it shall be to visit, from time to time, the different custom houses, interchange views, superintend the mode of appraisals, and suggest such practical reforms as may be deemed necessary to a just and equal enforcement of the revenue laws. 4. Recommends a higher duty on npnenu merated articles than on others, to avoid litiga tion. Different rates of duty on manufactures of j the same material are also inconvenient, and the same remark applies to the different rates imposed upon the manufactures of wool and manufactures of worsted. The effect of laying the same or a higher •ate of duty on the raw material than is im posed on the manufactured article, too evi- ; iently tends to injure our industry in cpmpi- ] ;ition with that of other countries, to require nore than a passing observation. ) The expense of the warehouse system. during 1 ’ear, has been $194,634 60 more than the art s from stotage;'.clerk hire, labor, &c. ur ? ev -’\ C luded in the expense. Congress is the opMfcride for the expense efthe system, have not 0 f w hich the Seere ! ary thinks ( ness of the generally beneficial *o thebusi is said to be a-*y. practical operation upon duties, unuj t 0 the system credit 1 If the Sub-1 reas\ ?ew name and v m. the following alterati , vgtem be co. med, Ist. That any person <, recommon -d. 1 assistant treasurer be poring a draft oi an : draft with the assistant treaah to deposit his ! the amount from time to time hind draw for he may desire upon his own ordeih sums as ‘ any person or persons; provided, thawable to j amount of the draft should be actuallivhole j ; within a short period, say two weeks deposit of the draft. a 2d. That airy disbursing officer having ' 1 draft on an assistant treasurer should be per-' mitted to deposit such draft, and draw for the amount in like manner, provided that each order should be presented for payment within two weeks after its date. These provisions would, it is believed, effectually pr vent the checks or orders being used as currency. In view of the opinion of the British na vigation laws after the Ist of January, tne at tention of Congress is called to the law regula ting the coasting trade of the U. Scal-'s. The coast survey, under Prof, Bache, has been ably prosecuted during the year; in July last there were 283 light-houses, and 32 float ing lights; means sufficient to provide for des titute and sick seamen in all thr ports of the Union, are asked for; the estal aliment ol a mint and marine hospital at Sa. Francisco, and the erection of light-houses and buoys on | the rivers of California are recommended. Various other matters touching the com -1 merceand navigation of the country, of little : interest in this meridian, are referred to in this interesting report. Mason and Dixon’s Line. — Th recent op erations which have been duly noticed for the restoration of the old boundary stone between Maryland, Delaware and Pennsylvania, have probably stimulated the curiosity of some of our readers to know who the persons were, whose names have acquired nearly a century’s perpetuation, and will probably continue to be thus retained, until the distinctive institu tions of the North and South in onr Union, shullghave grown faint or have disappeared. Both Mason aud Dixon were astronomers, sent over at the recommendation f Lord Baltimore, in 1763, to assist the surveyors that had been already called in under the agree ment of 4th July, 1760 for commission - s to run the boundary that had been for m re than thirty years disputed between the L -i verts and the Penns, Neither of them were pc sons of remarkable celebrity; though mei corious in their proper spheres. Jcremi ih Dixon seems to have been more of a geometei than his colleague; though it was from the latter t that the suggestion came, of applying the ■ means at their disposal to the measurement ! of a degree of the meridian.—Dixon is said to have been tliCj son of a coal-miner, in the Northumberland* coal-field, and himself to have been born within the mine. Put this i is probably a misapprehension, or exag geration. He was a self-made man; * 1 re turning to England, died in 1777, a*, some place' in the County of Durham; leaving nothing behind him to commemorate his pursuit of science, beyond his connection with the measurement ot the degree, the account of which was published in the Philosophical Transactions, for 1768. Charles Masoiv was better known. He had been the assistant of Bradley, at the Greenwich Observatory, and in that capacity calculated a large number of observations made by thebAstronomer Royal, to serve as comparisons and corrections of the Lunar Tables of Mayer, first published in 1755, at Gottingen, and transmitted to Eng land to concur for the prize offered by the Board of Longitude. A of £ 2,000 ster ling was in fact bestowed upon them; but it was supposed that the Greenwich observa tions wouid materially improve their value; and this was the task with which Mason was charged by the Board of-. Longitude, and which he accomplished. He introduced no new methods; the formula which heemyloyed were those of Mayer, using the Greenwich readings. After completion the work remain ed a long time unpublished; answering in part its purpose all the while in being reported as confirming the general accuracy of Mayer’s Tables. Finally, in 1787, it was published under the title of Mayer s Lunar Tables , improv ed by Charles Mason, and published by oru rof the Commissioners of Longitudes, ire. Doctor Marhelyne, who superintended the pub lication, was assured that the err -5 of the improved tables did not exceed ahai minute marc. In this shape they were used for the calculations of the Nautical Almanac; and Lalancle having reprinted them in 1792,,‘1iey served also for the Connoissance des Tei ;,s. Latterly, th n y have yielded to the Tables of 1 Bornard, Burg, and Burchhardt, and foim ! only a part of the History of Astronomy. It has been always said that Mason was j disgusted at‘not receiving the premium himself —a rather unwarrantable ajuration.if he really entertained it —and that he willingly came to 1 bury his pique and disappointment in the 1 forests of the New World. There mav be ] some ground for this tradition, since after his j labors were completed in manuscript, the Commissioners of Longitudes actually award- 1 ed (in 1762) an additional and large premium 1 to the widow of Mayer for an improved copy a of his own Tables, which he left at his death. IT waver this may be, Mason came to America shortly afterwards; finished his works here in 1767 and’6B, and returned no more to England. He died somewhere in Pennsyl vania, in 1787; suffering, for several years, mclar. holy aberrations of mind. U s chief memento here is the line which bear- ' is name, whose latitude he and his col league determined at 15 miles south of tnemost southerly point of the town of Philadelphia; and i . the reduction of the peninsula line di viding the present states of Maryland and Dela ware, to its value on the meridian. This last is more remarkable for the attention it excited at the time than for any intrinsic merit be yond the zeal and labour in its execution. Its conception was radically faulty; it reposes upon no triangulaton, but is a straight line of more tha’. 80 miles, cut through wood, with a vista of 30 feet in width, and measured with a stecDchain on the ground where inequalities, were reduced by calculation to a uniform level. Mason and Dixon, therefore, allowed what is still regarded as the most hazardous part of a geodetic operation to prevade their whole work and success in such an undertaking, in spite of the ingenious suggestions of Cavendish and the encomiums of Marhelyne, would have been more remarkable than its admitted fail ure. THE CONSTITLTIONALIST. 2lua«ota, oajrgia. SUNDAY MORNING, DEC. 30 py Proprietors of Warehouses in Augusta and Hamburg, will oblige us by having the stock of Cotton in their respective Ware houses counted for us on Monday morning. The way Georgia Was Carried for Taylor in 1848. The Washington correspondent of the A. O. Bulletin, Whig paper, makes the following statement in reference to the late Presidential election: “ When the last Presidential campaign was going on and Georgia wanted aid, she sang out to Massachusetts, as Cursar did to his best friend, ‘ Help me, Cassius, or I sink !’ lam in formed that the good Whigs of Poston re sponded to the call of the Whigs of Georgia, by sending them $2,000, and to the call of the Whigs of Florida, by sending to that far-off State $1,500 ! But time alters cases.” Phis language is used in the spirit of com plaint against the Whig members of Congress •'or deserting the Whig candidate for Speaker, u Massachusetts man, after the Whigs of .Georgia had accepted pecuniary help from the s V. State to carry the election. “The noble 1 calliofthe South,” as thev were soothingly 1 . , considethe Georgia Whig papers, must feel ; better cofT taken in, and may now, perhaps, pliments be^ ei 'd l^e sincerity of the com- The fact is, T,d on them, was a big m p'ection of General lay lor round, and it should v ' nt P‘ n o an d fraud all 5 Whigs of the groat ui. aur P rise the different ! dem, that they’ should s t a ' P ar ty of Coon o he;. ' tricks on each ; V e arc sorry that even a S 1 press should feel forced to er^ IBrn ’ what it conceives to be foul play \ against 1 Whiggory, to its Northern allies. Georgia sorry for the credit of Georgia, that it s a,e be paraded in the public prints, that she thu- -übsidized by’ the most thoroughly dyeu in--.he-wool anti-slavery State in the Union. We hope no more Abolition money will be poured into our State to indueuce future elec tions, and if these attempts at bribery and , i corruption are again attempted, that some law will be found to punish the accomplices among us who receive and disburse the money. It appeus that there was a Northern and Southern edition of the Message, The notice we published yesterday under the head of j “ An American Bull,” was taken from theßal timoxe Sun, and should have been credited to that paper. In that paper of Thursday last we find the following concerning the error : The Error or the Message. —We received, on 5 Lesday, the Washington papers contain ing ’ >e President’s message, in which the sin gular error noticed in the Sun, of Tuesday morn eg, had been officially corrected. The passage as it appeared in the copies of the I message we received, and as it was published in this, and in ail the cities nor.h and cast of j us, reads as it did in the Sun, thus : “We re at peace with all the world, and seek to maintain our cherished relations of amity ’b die rest of mankind.'’ I- the revised copies it reads as follows : “ » e are at peace with all the nations of the i world, and seek to maintain our cherished re j lations with them.” The error was manifested an oversight, but, occuring in a State paper, it commanded more importance than would otherwise attach to it. The Express Locomotive, with the Presi dent’s Message, made the run from Washing ton to the outer depot at Baltimore, in one hour and four minutes. The Government Express reached Philadei j phia at 20 minutes past G, and New York at half past 9 P. M., on Monday. The State vj MoCtjstock.— The Molible I Register of the 2oth inst. says—The jury in 1 this case came into Court yesterday morning with a verdict against /-the prisoner of Man slaughter in the second degree—finding one thousand dollars, and from a misapprehension of their powers under the law, sentencing him to six months imprisonment in the County Jail. The Court set aside this portion of the j verdict, and appointed Monday next as the day I when the legal sentence will be passed. The ! power to superadd imprisonment to the fine imr sed by the jury, is left by our statute in the discretion of the Court to be imposed or not, according to circumstances, limited, how- I ever, to six months in the County Jail. Cost or Iron in Englnad. —Lack of orders and advancing freights and insurance (says a letter writer) again depresses the iron market, and we believe bars mght be purchased a lit tle under it 15s. per ton. Low as this price is, u is not so low as the article has fallen to in former years, when it touched £1 ss. per ton, at which some large buyers came into the mar ket. One is a holder still of iron to the ex tend of thousands of tons, purchased at that price, which he has declined realizing at £lO to £l2 per ton. The Scotch iron maiket is sluggish but unaltered. The Savannah Georgian of the 2Sth hast ’ says: “ We have been informed that the De pot of the South Western Railroad has been permanently fixed at Og'ethorpe by a resolu tion of the Company —that all necessary pa pers have been executed—that the Road is now’ all under contract to that point —that the grading and bridging is far advanced to com pletion—that the limber for the superstruc ture is nearly all ready—that one cargo of the iron has already arrived in Savannah —and that fifty-one miles of the Road, as far as Ogle thorpe, will be in complete operation in time for the next crop of cotton. It is supposed that there will be at least fifty thousand bales of cotton received at this new town of Ogle thorpe the first year. “It will give us great satisfaction to observe the progress, and in time to witness the pros perity’ of Oglethorpe. We, of Savannah, can not but feel sympathy for our forthcoming sister. Oglethorpe founded Savannah; and his good name will, we trust, bo as successful as his wisdom here, in establishing this new evidence of gratitude for his pre-eminent ser vices. We promise a visit to Oglethorpe as soon as the fifty-one miles are completed.” The Action op the Legislature to-day.— This we look to as the proudest day in the annals of Alabama. We say so, because we expect our Legislature to pass the resolutions of the Senate, with Mr. Winston’s amend ment, which, we think, worth ail the rest; in fact, without it, the others would be tame and spiritless. This actie‘f? B on the part of our Le gislature, unanimous, as we doubt not, it will be, gives to the free soiler, and all those who seem determined to force upon us the restric tions concerning slavery, the first tangible evi dence of the determination of the South to ACT. And this is why we like it, because it looks to action. We have talked long enough ; let us now show them we intend to da some thing more. Ttiis course, too, will place Ala bama where she properly belongs, in the front rank of the slave States on this question. Now we do not thus exhibit our gratifica tion, because the result may tend to a disrup tion of our Union ; but because we honestly and sincerely believe, that if the Union is to be sa- ed, this is the only method I est to save it, and at the same time maintain our honor, in tegrity and equality therein. We have ever contended, that the free States would never push this question to the extremity of a dis solution of the Union, provided they could be convinced beforehand that the South would dissolve, sooner than submit. We y’et think that such an exhibition of determination on the pare of the slave States, or even a majority of them, will cause them to halt m their mad career, and “ let us alone.” If it dues not, we shall at least have done all that honor and good faith required of us. We shall have given them fair warning, and due notice, and will not be responsible for the dis asters which may follow. This prompt and firm action by our Legislature, will go far to strengthen and make more potential what may be said by’ our Senator* and Represen tatives in Congress.- We trust, therefore, that the House will, with a unanimity similar to that of the Senate, pass the resolutions of the ’’-omin'ttee with Mr. Winston's amendment ; o'Jheymay be sent, forthwith, by telegraph, to ~ mators and Renresentatives in Congress. Mono, _- ° •ry Ade,, 27th last. Daily'v ' •pi 'ml. —The Chattanooga Gazette says—iheC a . . , ■ are now running daily to this point, (bundaj n J •i o xcepted,) and carrying the mail. So, we at i 1 J * a 0 have daily mails from the South, and will no . ... . . gcr be troubled with high waters and otaer L rr., ~ . „ of mail failures. Ihe Cars arrive at b P. ... , ~ and depart at 7 A. M. remaining here all m, , * ... . ♦. Passengers and shippers need not now a , i i _ "rehead anv danger of delays in starting from i, 1 point or on the Road. 1 Death ok "Father Miller.” —F.o;n i. tice in the Boston Atlas, we learn that \\ liam Miller, who took the lead, some years ago, in the “advent” movement, died on the 20th instant, at the age of 08. He has thus not lived to see the groat consummation of whoso immediate coming he was so confident, six years ago. Alabama and Georgia Railroad. —The Le gislature of Alabama has chartered a company to build a Railroad from Jacksonville, in Ben ton county, Alabama, to Rome, in Georgia. Winter, Arrangement ok the Canard Steamers. —We are to have but one steamer in every two w-eeks during the winter and early part of spring. The arrangement is as follows: V ROM LIVERPOOL. 1849. Canada...for New-York,. .Saturday... ,?9th Dec. 1850. Niagara,, .for Boston, Saturday,... ,42th Jan. Europa,. .dor New-York,. .Saturday,. ...2Gth Jan. Amencv for Boston Saturday,.... 9tb Feb Canada,., for New-York,. .Saturday,... ,23d Feb. FROM AMERICA. 1850. America,, trom 805t0n,.... Wednesday,. .9th Jan. Canada,., from New-York, Wednesday,, ,13d Jan Niagara,..from Boston Wednesday,. ,6th Feb. Europa.. .from New-York, Wednesday, 20th Feb. America,.from 805t0n.... Wadne-day,6th March Canada,..from New-York, Wednesday, 20th Mar. New York Money Market- The New York Post of Monday evening i says : “.Money i a in very abundant supply, but with also a very heavy demand. The offer ings from the neighboring cities of Philadel phia ami Boston continue large, while the city demand is very heavy. The rates are firm at 6 per cent, for short dated, 7 per cent, for me- i dium, and 8 per cent for long dated paper. I Some loans have this morning been made at j call, at 5 per cent, and there is great readiness I to loan money at this rate. Last week we know’ of some large amounts 1 which were loaned on short call at even 4 per cent.; many capitalists an 1 banks preferring to j make a sacrifice of some interest tu have their funds at certain command.” LTP The first Cotton from the Elk river country, was brought up on the “ Pickaway” last Friday. The steamer “News” took ad vantage of a tide in Elk river and run up to Elkton, and returned with a part of a load of Cotton. The Captain was fearful of bein'* caught too high up. and hurried off without taking on a fall load of the abundance in waiting. Since then, tke “ Nicholson” went to the mouth of Eik, but foun 1 the river so high that the Captain declined going up. The water was so spread out that the channel was not properly defined. But we under stand that the boats will run up in future and bring out the Cotton, &c. The Elk river trade is destined to add materially to the freights on the River and Roads, as well as business in the Southern cities. Chattanooga Gazette, 28 sh inst. [From the Baltimore Su n. ] Fifteen Days Later from San Francisco. ARRIVAL OF THE EM FIRE CITY. Bringing Half a Million of Dollars and Z 35 Passengers. Return of Colonel Welhr—Democratic Ticket elected at San Francisco—Later News Jrom Sir John Franklin Cholera at Mazatlan , ,y c. The Empire City, Captain Gaston, arrived -at New York at 10 o’clock on Tuesday. The Empire City brings the go 'eminent mail, although, says the New York Evening Post, aue from San Francisco by the “Panama” was waiting at Cruces, and the mail agent at that place declared that it should lie there for the next six months if necessary, but what a mail steamer should take it. None of the mail con tract steamers being at Chagres, or likely to he there for a fortnight, when the Empire City left. There was a very heavy vote in favor of the constitution, and its adoption is considered certain. The rainy season has commenced in Cali fornia. Later California papers were brought to N. York by Louvit & Co.’s California Express, but our full tiles have not yet come to hand. We take the following correspondence from the New York Evening Post. [ Correspondence of the N. V. Evening Post.] Panama, Dec. 4, 1840. The steamer Panama arrived here this day, having left San Francisco on the night of the doth November. She brings 235 passengers, and freight to the am mat of 51498,389; ot this there is "about $50,000 in gold dust and specie from Mazatlan, and the remainder in gold dust from Sau Francisco. There are a number ot the passengers direct from the mines, looking rusty enough, but with well filled gold bags. There is one among them who has $20,000 in gold dust, the result of his own digging; his locate was at the north fork of the Juba, 330 miles from Sau Francisco. He arrived in San Francisco on the 3d June, and will probably be in New York by Christ mas day. Never was daily labor so richly re warded! There are others, with their golden stores varying from SI,OOO to $5,000. These, however, must be taken as rare ex ceptions. They report themselves as so—as having drawn the prizes, while most a bout them had drawn blanks in the grand California lottery. 'They all report the increase of dif ficulty in rinding gold, the exhaustion of it .a most of the accessible localities, the impossi bility of working the mines over four and five months in the year, and the general dissatisfac tion of the miners with the results of their la bors. The yield of this year will hardly be over that of the last, which was estimated at eight million. There were some fears entertained of famine in the interior of California. The rainy season had set in, and it was feared that the commu nication between those in the mines and the river towns, where supplies could always be had, would be cut off, in consequence of the state of the roads and passes. This would also apply to the emigrants across the mountains. Provis ons had risen very’ high in San Francisco. Pork war selling at SGS and flour at $45 per bbl. The latter had declined, however, $5 on the day of the sailing of the steamer. Warm clothing, India Rubber coats and heavy boots, were in great demand, bringing high prices, in consequence of the inclemency ot the weather. There was a good deal of sickness, dysen tery and fevers, in Sa i Francisco and the in terior towns an I settlements. I send you with this a list of the shipping in the various ports on the coast that the Panama stopped at in coming do wn. 1 would call your attention particularly to the arrival at Mazatlan, oh the 13th Nov., of the British man-of-war, the Herald, Capt. Kellet. She was in search of Sir John Franklin, and pro ceeded as far as 73 deg. 10 min. latitude, but could not get any tidings of him. The Her ald left the “ Plover,” man-of-war, to winter in Behrings Straits. Tire Plover’s boats had been sent up the Mackenzie river in. search of Sir John Franklin. The boats were to winter at the nearest station. The impression of the commander of the Herald is, that Sir John Franklin is safe, although I cannot give you the data on which that impression is founded. We regret that my report is so imperfect ; as it will be, however, the first report that reaches ’ v ou, and thougn imperfect, such has been tin “mpathy expressed for the celebrated travel- Ijiat it will not fail to interest. The “Niu _ , 'v S on,” also reported as at M; zatlan, ac ° the Herald in its dangerous search, an ’ a small schooner, v/as able to as the boats, and considerably farther than t, men - o f. war . The owner of the yacht was o. u lour H the world . aad fall . mg m company wu, the Herald, determined I? 5° m s , ea r c iOl 7 John Franklin. Since has ?T ° T i the ya f at Maritlan, its owner t f Heis * ald t& have been very rich and eccentric The yaei, hag beeu p * t m cha rge of asa iing master > om the man-of 3U"'' y Uil Brit sh Among the passengers by the Panama were Gen. Riley and Chis. Lilly. The former the hero ot the battle field ot Mexico ; tre latter of tne more humble fighting ground of V’estches ter, where he killed MeCov. Gen. Rd ev left the steamer at Monterey. Chis. Lilly has ar rived here, and is on his way to the United btates with a trunk full of the gold of Califor nia, it is said. An Election in San Francisco was held November 13-3,169 votes were polled. Re turns trom the country were incomplete, but the California papers say that Burnett is pro bably eiected Governor, and John McDou-al Lieutenant Governor. Rodman M. Price an 1 George W. Wright probably chosen for Con gress. from the Montgomery Advertiser <s• Gazette Extra Interesting- Document- To-day the Governor transmitted the sub jomed important documents to both branches ot tne Legislature, v The matter has been re ferred to a joint select committee, composed of Messrs. Judge, Wmsto.i, Murohv. Aber crombie and Storra, on the part of the Senate and Messrs James, Bridges. Hall, Smith ot . amter and Davis ot Limestone, on the part ot the House—with instructions to “report thereon as soon as practicable.” Executive Department, } Montgomery, December 22, 1840. i To the Senate and House of Representatives ; I take the earliest opportunity to transmit to the General Assembly copies cf a commu nication just received from six of the Repre sentatives, and the only Senator from Ala bama. now at Washington. My views upon the delicate subject to which it reters are well known to you, and need not be here repeated. The time fur decided action has arrived,and I recommend to the General Assembly to an nounce the ultimatum of Alabama upon the gteat question which now convulaea the Union R is dqa to quraelves, as well as to the mem ory of our Fathers, that we should take the ground which seif respect, honor and consti tutional equality demand. Our position once taken, there can be no footsteps backwards W. W. COLLIER. City ot Washington, Dec. 14, isin. Sir: We, the Representatives from the State of Alabama in the Congress of the United States, feel it to be our duty to inform y,, u that in our judgment the ass firs of the govern meat have reached a crisis of no ordinary mo ment. The House of Representatives has, up to this hour, found it impossible to effect an cn ganization, r.nd consequently the whole action of the Government, so far as it depends upon the legislation of Congress, is arrested. 'This is not occasioned so much by a division us strength between the two great political par ties of the United States, as it is by the rei s fl of the members representing what is know a as the Freesoil party, to co-operate in organ izing the House, unless they can secure from the presiding officer, whose duty it will be to appoint committees, some pledge to aid them in their purpose of directing the legislation ot Congress against the interest and honor of the slaveholding States. For the first time in oui history these men have acquired sufficient strength to enable them seriously to affect the action of the Government. We still hope foi an organization of the House, and earnestly i trust that it be so organized as to protect us i against the disturbing and mischievous pidu \ of the party to which we have referred. We feel it to be our duty, however, in view ! of the threatening aspect which political af fairs now wear, to put you in possession of these facts. We think we are well acquainted with the spirit of the people of Alabama, and we be lieve that it is their fixed purpose nov. r to sub mit to the threatened encroachment on their rights : that they will never submit to any act of the Government of the United States,which, excludes slavery from the territory acquired from Mexico, and which is the property of tl.a j States of this Union ; that they will never ! submit to any.act of the Government abolishing . slavery in the Distrcc of the Columbia, and that they will demand that the provisions oi the Constitution in regard to their property, shall be f uthfully observed. We trust that no further aggression will be made upon the rights of the slaveholding States, but we regard the ; existing state of affairs as so serious that we I cannot forbear from making this communica tion to you. As the Legislature of our State in now in session, you may think it proper to communi cate to them your views of the duty of the State in the present crisis. We h ave the honor to be, very respectfully, your ob’t. serv’ts. HENRY W. HILLIARD, JERE. CLEMENS. DAVID HUBBARD. SAMSON \V. HARRIS. WM. J. A1 STON, F. W. BOW DON. To his Excellency 11. W. Collier, Goverrun of the State of Alabama. [Telcgrnjih"d for the Charleston Cournr Further Particulars by the America The Corn market was firmer, and the de mand stea ly, but moderate. An advance ot Is. to I s. 3d. per 480 lbs. has been establish ed White is quoted at 29 to 305.; \cdlow, 2U I to 2Ss. 6d. Flour is in good demand —Super- j flue American, 225. Gd. to 245.; Western, Phi ladelphia and Baltimore, 20 to 20s. 62.; Ohio. 255.; Wheat, 4s. Gd. toGs. 9d.; Corn Meal, Us There is a better demand for American Pro visions, prices firm tor middling and lowei qualities of Bacon. Short middling qu ted at 26 a 27; Eastern 25 to 33; Western 26 to 28. Beef is dull and unchanged in prices. 'There: j is a slight advance in Lard. America n I allow has advanced Gd. Reported Defalcation. —Prosper M. Wei more, N. York Navy Agent, is charged with being a defaulter to the Government to the j amount of half a million of dollars, lie has | published a card announcing that his accounts are open for examination, and that ail demand-, against him will be paid. Freights to New York are more firm than ! at last advices. W’ool has advanced from one to two pence I per pound. New York, Dec. 28.- Tiie Market,— Flour, Grain and Provision* I are firm. Rice is improving, and sales have - been made of 800 tierces at from 3 to 3 I-16. : New Orleans Molasses quoted at 27 cents.'—; Exchange on Eng and 8 premium. New Orleans, Dec. 28 —4.50 P. M. The Market.—Yesterday there was a good j demand for Colton. Six thousand bales wer’l | sold, and prices were an eighth of a cent high- ■ er. Middling is quoted at loi to 10£;'Fair I ! 11 V Fifteen hundred hhds. Molasses sold, pm.. ■ bringing 18A cents. Whisky quoted at 26 to ■ I 27 cents. Columbia, Dec. 28—8.50 P. M. j The M arket. — To-day, there were 4> > ■ ! bales Catton sold, at from TO to 10y- The B week’s sales amount to 1,114 bales. Since ■ the Ist September, 54,864 bales have o<-f- . ■ sold in this market. K (COMMUNICATED I i Felimo-Citizens of Iliehuio ml County: I With the most profound feelings of grata- I ! tude for your many acts of past kindness to- ■ i wards me, I once again invoke your support ■ i at the polls on Monday week next. All those ■ j considerations of sympathy and benevolence ■ j w-h'.rh operated upon the hearts of the genet H j ous voters who placed me in office, and have|K conliaued me there for the last few years, still W exist, \nd, if possible, with increased weight. I I therefore, in the most serious manner, wit! B u heavy soul and a saddened heart, solicit H once in or,* your charitable aid. Ido so with Hi ; a strong conviction that the appea, thu-niaT H J to those who have so often corns forward « l|l | my support will not be urged in vain, but that ■ i now, upon the present occasion, as hereto fa'O | the good people of Richmond county, mspio V 1 od with the noflest sentiments which exist D ! the human bread, will bestow th *ll suffrage- Md I tor the office of Coroner upon one \vu aa- ai - •K| j charged its duties faithfully, and who wifi. »t 1 re-elected, still devote his best abifiiic. to j performance of his duty. | JOSHUA S. W’ALIvEIL imm Min , fir -x a tsm 80 OR IDO LIKELY NEGROES. S| BARNWELL SEE KITE'S S\lA\ iM liriLL be sold, by the Sheriff .1 Baniw^* » f District. S. ou the 71h and -'lh of nary, to the highest bidder, at ihe !' .in I some 30 oi 100 UKKIA M’.tiKOO B dec 30 3 Wm MESON ACADEMY. jH ■ stitution will he opened on the first DAY in January, 1850—the former under tlie perinleiiderice of Mr. THOMAS H. '10.83, the latter of Miss BASS. Siluafed in a healthy village, where good can Be had, and under the direction of tried < efficient 'Teachers, fhi> Academy is entitled t' liberal patronage. THE TRUSTEE^ Jfc 30 ci f