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TU CMi I'J r« rWHUST. BY GIJIEU;& lit MU. j i-» lERMH—Kur the pei.,i-v-otkly j r, i.ubhs.Lcd every Tuesdny arid Friday mOn<ii:L r , 83 P*-f annum, and fur tho weekly 8 3, all payable in advance. T T ADVKR'i’jy j; MENTS art- inserted weekly for 62 L 2 ten;*- per square ; •''•nii-wrekly C;2 i-ticent* for the 6r.*t, and 13 3-4 cent- for each subsequent insertion; ar.d monthly for 81,0 ) per square fur cr.ch ineertion. j 1 >r yearly ativerti.Hcraerus private arrangement.* arc | to be made. A deduction u made on the advertise-j nints of public officer*. Postage tn.i-r be paid on letter* of business. .»■] 1 ■■■■ ■ ■ ■ — 1 ■ 1— JIDICIAL. JtDGE LAW’S CHARGE To the Grand Jury of Chatham County — Ma y Tern. As intimately connected, Gentlemen of tlie Jury, with the judicial department, I take leave to ill V"i)r at * ution to the late act of the Lepis* if" .aG>J: Jang the Penitentiary s\stem of pun iahiuent in ibis State. It is hut right that the p ihh • s lit lll o-i l l should be made known on this sulm-ct, and rt.s one in ians through which it mav he communicated. it ia Within tin* appropriate sphere -1 your province toexpres. vour opinions —tlittl if, peradventure, the Legislature mav 1 hs re mistaken the will of its con foments, the err or may he corrected. I'he criminal ju isprudenco of a country is a subject ot high importance. In it are deeply in vdvi d the happm.ss and welfar 'ofsocietv. The !• 'U'.iuiate obs-et ot human punishments ia the suppression ot crime, and the consequent exomp. tion of the cuiiimunity from it.; effects. i‘ is tin; result ot experience, that laws In st calculated] to reform the od. u ier, and to furnish examples| sufficiently strong to deter others from the in dulgence ot vieiouspropensilics, are most effectu al in attaining the object of punishment. It mav, I think, he affirmed as an undoubted truth, that these effects do not depend upon the harshness; or severity of the sanctions by which the laws! arc enforced. Death .may effectually deprive aj criminal of the power again to harm society; end I ii;exhibition may produce a momentary shock! upon the feedings of others, attended with sensa-1 lions of tiie deepest awe and horror.—Vet if, ini ils infliction, it violates the dictates of humanity, 1 deaden the sensibility, and harden the feelings, j whilst it excludes the idea of reformation, it will be found less conducive to the purpose for which it is designed, than a system of punishment mild u its character, consentaneous with the feelings ot those among whom it is to be administered, & i m harmony with the advancements and impeove incii's of the age in which we live: a system,) winch addressing itself to the moral sense of 'he culprit, with opportunity for patient refiee* teuis, regenerates his habits, invigorates and pu rities Ins principles, and reforms his character: a system, whose punishments are mild, but be ing pro moted and continued, produce a greater etlbct than could result from i s intenseness and’ severity, an ; thus offers more to hope from its opei at on.i upon others in deterring from crime, ihe character of man lias been gradually soft t tucg by improved civilization and the extension ot the bemgn principles of the religion of the gos*. p.d his harsher and sterner features, his more fierce and angry passions and unrestrained de snres have been yielding to the subduing influ ences of an enlarged benevolence, which has for its object the improvement and happiness of the world—a benevolence, which flows from no false or sickly sentiment, but emanating from princi ples us enduring as the great author of all good, will continue to expand and increase, until the condition ul man shall have been ameliorated wherever he may be found. Among other ex hibitions ofthis principle, it is to bo traced in the efforts which have been made, and so extensive ly m these I nited States, to mitigate the crim inal code of laws. Our own state had erected a Penitentiary building, and adopted a system of penal laws enforced by the punishments of irn prisomneiF, solitude and labor. By an act of the las' Legislature (as you are aware) this sys tem was abolished, and the State remitted back to those cruel and Severe punishments which the necessities of an age comparatively ignorant and barbarous had instituted—at a time when, and ui a society where, rights were less perfectly un derstood—when naan was untamed and mure fe rocious in his character—‘-when the sense of dut\ and obligation as a res*raining principle was less felt, and when more terrible and sanguinary laws were found necessary as motives sufficiently strong to prevent crime. With all the differ ence of circumstances which exis*, the feelings] of an intelligent and refined people, in a highly civilized age ot tho w orld, arc to be pained, and the dictates of Immunity offended by the mutil. 1 akd person, by exhibitions at the whipping post.] the pillory and the gallows, Bui wc limit not; the objection to such punishments, to the mere! ground of violence they do the feeling. If the experience of our own or the other States be re. sorted to as a criterion of the effects of the Poni-I tomiary mode of punishment, it will be found to: have responded to the liveliest anticipations of its humane and benevolent supporters. Crime, has not multiplied or increased, nor society suf fered by the at'c.jpt. W believer severity in punishment transcends the principle of utility,! that is, when it is not absolutely necessary to pre vent crime, it is contrary, says an able author, to the beneficent virtues which flow from enlight ened reason, contrary to jus ice, and social com pact. But no truth is more positively affirmed, and none more universally acquiesced in, that crimes arc more effectually pveventeffejbv the certainty than theseverity of punishment, in proportion as punishments become more cruel, (if I may be penni ted to borrow a figure) "the minds ot men. as a fluid, rises to the same height with that which surrounds it, grow hardened and insensible.” Again, the necessary tendency of severe laws is to ioad to the exorcise of clemency and the pardoning power. With a longcata-' iogue of offences now punishable with death, ju rors wid strive to acquit, and Governors will pardon. With frequent examples of escape be fore him, animated with a like hope, the criminal will yield to tho temptation, and dare the hazard. The' very* consciousness of a want of proportion between the crime and punishment, whilst on the one hand it leads to escape, on the other tends to the encouragement of crime. Graduate the pun ishment to the offence, and the certainty of en- ; during a less evil, will produce a greater effect j! in the prevention of crime. It is confidently be lieved, from the trials which have been made of the Penitentiary system in other states, that it is capable of bring carried to great perfection as a means of punishment, and of being maintained at but little expense to the state ; and it is respect fully suggested that if us full benefits have not • been ex per iem, 3 in tin* stai*’. the remedy should jibe by improvi ig end not abandoning the j* system. i rrnit me also, Gentlemen, to occupy your ; attention with some observations upon the ne cessity of establishing the Supreme Court for the ‘correction of errors in our State. The subject has been so ofen attempted, and so frequently and fully discussed, both in tin* Legislature and jin the public papers, that it might seem un nec« ssarv at t’ais lime to trouble ourselves a f| bout it. It is, however, in my estimation, one ‘ofsuch deep interest and importance that the pub ,i lie mind can it A be too often invoked toil, nor • toosteadfiv and intently fixed upon it. The laws of the land must bo expounded and their meaning andoj c rati an defined by the courts, jilt is# by indicia! determinations tuat their true im ! port is to be ascertained. The establishment, in ;ithe same s'at*-, of a number of courts independent iof coeh ether, acknowledging no control beyond j their own s . use of right, and exercising final (jurisdiction over causes arising upon the same laws, presents an irregularity in jurisprudence from which the greatest uncertainty and contra diction in the administration of the laws may be justly apprehended. It is in vain that the Legis lature has enacted the same system of general laws, if in their administration they become as diverse ns the varying opinions of the various in dividuals by whom they are administered, so produce uniformity iu the decisions of the courts! ! L consequently as important as that the same general system of laws should be applied to the same people. As the only means of producing such a result is to be found in the establishment of a tribunal paramount to the rest, capable of settling the law and declaring a uniform rule ol (property, the very necessity of a uniform inter pretation and construction of the laws would seem to present the most unanswerable argu ment in favor of a Supreme Court. The experi j ence and example of all civilized nations, living under a regular system of laws, furnish abun dant testimony of the importance of a head to the completion of every well regulated judicial sys tem. If we retrace the history of that country (from which we have derived most of our laws, ijwe perceive her in the days of her ignorance, &■ I when her laws were yet few and simple, erect i ing her judicial tribunals upon a plan which en | aides her at this day to reap the incalculable ad | vantages of a settled system of laws, and fixed I 1 • 7 j rules of property, laid in the deep foundations of a long and uniform series of judicial decisions. ( It has been observed by a distinguished Ameri can writer, that a voluminous code of laws is one of tlie inconveniences necessarily connected with j the advantages of a free government. The re -1 mark is certainly of peculiar force in our own cauntry ; and what is thus true, in regard tons j as a nation, will be found of equal applicability | to a State, being a part of the nation. The pec pie are ealous of their rights, and would see as little arbitrary discretion placed in the hands of power as possible. It is their interest to prefer j established rules and precedents which restrain j the will of the magistrates, and point the path to dut}. Vasily commercial and enterprising as is our country, and every part of it, old princi ples must be moulded and new laws enacted to i answer the changing and inukiplying exigencies ot society. The considerations, to which these reflections give rise, are calculated to present the question, upon the establishment of a Su preme judicial tribunal in our state, with increased interest to tho mind. In the present constitution of our state judiciary, additional circumstances peculiar to ourselves exist, which urge it. The J udges are elected for three years, at the expira tion of which time, they are liable to be, and fre quently are succeeded by some more successful candidate for the favor of tlie legislature. If we contemplate tlie long and laborious s-udv neces sary to obtain a competent knowledge of such a system of laws as that to which we have alluded, j and under which we live, it would seem to be indispensable that tlie inexperience, which must frequently find a place on the bench amidst this fluctuation of office, should be subjected to some control. It is worthy also of remark, that in our state, there is no distribution of the different branches of the law into different hands. We have eight independent, courts, exercising com mon law jurisdiction, do' hed with chain erv pow ers, and proceeding according to chancery prac tice, having at (he s:mie time jurisdiction in crim inal cases and appellate jurisdiction of ecclesias tical matters coming from the Courts of Ordinary. Surely, it would seem, if an argument irresisti ble ami unanswerable upon this question could be presented, it might be found in such a consti tution o{ our judiciary. Property, liberty, re putation, life, every thing dear and valuable on earth, resting upon tlie judgment of one man. i Such an accumulation of powers in one tribunal ( tilled by a single individual, is contrary to the | cautious policy which ought to be maintained in ii a government like ours, and dangerous to indi || vidual rights. If it be attempted to extricate the |• system from this imputation, by seeking its do j j fence in our admirable system of trial by Jury, : it is only necessary to reflect, how ready the human mind always is to relieve itself from re i spousibility ; and, when this can bo done in per. ■{ feet consistency with its duty, the impulse bc •|| conies irresistible. It is the duty of Jurors, in civil cases, to take the law from the bench. I Respectable and intelligent as the gentlemen may be, who compose our Juries in the last re sort, they are nevertheless unskilled in the sci ence of the kiw, and did they refuse the instruc tion of tlie court, the rule of justice would be the motion of right floating in tlie Juror’s mind. We know by experience and from daily observation, j that the verdict of the Jury in almost every ease i is, as it ought to be in regard to the law of the case, influenced by the opinions received from i the bench. ' The result of the whole is, that we have in (Georgia no ruleof justice or of property which Mis necessarily common to the s f ate at 4ar~e. Irs ‘ uniformity, in the different circuits, is entirely dependent upon the accidental concurrence of the opinions of eight separate independent Judges, who preside in them. And in the same* judicial district the construction of the Jaws flue-* mates with every change of the judicial person,! We liave been living in ignorance of the uecis-j ions of our ow n state, having no rejwrts of ca- i ses: a difficulty which must continue to exist i until we have decisions which are obligatory. The authorities, which binds us, are the Eng lish adjudications as they existed at the revolu tion, and we are constantly recurring to the re : ports of our sister stales fur that aid and assis tance which we ought long since to have found at home. It has been remarked that in an Eng. lisli Court ofjustice, the veriest doit that ever 1 stammered a sentence, would be more attendedj( jto with a case iu point, than Cicero with all his | eloquence, unsupported by authority; anditis; fit it should be so, for how otherwise, can law bej what it ought to be, a certain rule of conduct, j, I—l—l B———i i THE BORDER WAR. ' ! j The folio whig extract is made from a letter to <tn I officer of this place, dated fort Crawford, Prairie du Chicn 3d June, 1832. It was rumored hero at one lime V.at the Winnebago Indians had joined the Secs and' Foxes, but they have since joined Gen. Dodge s party, to fight against them. There are twoj expresses now here, one troin Gen. Dodge, j for two hundred horses ; the other from Gen. Atkinson, (Coi. Hamilton and Aid.) for the Si-, ' oux and Mcnornonies, who are daily expected) here, and will he speedily despatched. All Prairi* des Oldens are under arms ; some fami-j lies from the mining country have taken shel ' tc-r in this fort. “ The dead bodies of the two young ladies isupposed to be taken prisoners, have been found,} I with everv appearance of having been brutal- ; ly ravished, Ac. A blacksmith and his party, ij ; employed in burning coal near the portage of the Wisconsin river, have been killed.” DEFENCE OF THE FRONTIER. ' The bill, which has for a. few days been de-,; j pending before the two Houses of Congress, for , 'autliorizing the President of the I ai?ed States to ' . O j I raise Mounted Volunteers for the defence ot tne j ! Frontier, yesterday passed the Senate, as previ fously amended on the motion of Mr. Tipton, A the House of Representatives concurred in the: amendment. Before the time this reaches the i 'reader’s hands, probably, the bill will have re ceived the signature ofthe President, and become ; ' | a law. ' i The bill thus passed authorizes the President ofthe United States “ to raise, either by the ac-- ceptance ot volunteers, or enlistment lor one year, i unless sooner discharged, six hundred mounted q | rangers, to be armed, equipped, mounted, and j ! organized in such manner, and to be under such) regulations and restrictions as the nature of the j service shall in his opinion make necessary;”} the companies to consist of one hundred men} |each, besides officers; the non-commissioned: officers and privates to arm and equip themselves : ; unless otherwise ordered by the President, and |provide their own horses, and to be allowed one j dollar per day for their services and the use of; i their arms and horses ; commissioned officers to I | receive the same emoluments as officers of the i ' 1 same grade in the army of the United States,} i Am. and officers and privates to be allowed fori forage, Ac. IS’at. Pit. June 16. | From the Illinois Herald, Man 31. FROM THE ARMY.—We learn from seve-1 j j ral ofthe Volunteers from this place, who have} hi returned, that the mounted men under Gen.. I Whiteside arc disbanded, and that moat of them i } jare on their way home. This measure has been ! adopted in consequence of the difficulty in obtain- j j||ing provisions, aud co-operating advantageously i i with the footmen. The infantry under Gen. j l | Atkinson* have descended Rock river. The ' Indians are divided into several parties, which h enables them to act with more facility, and ren-i I, ► 1 • ders a pursuit of them, by a large body of) , men, unavailing. By their trails, most of them! h are supposed to have returned to Rock river, A j the remainder to have ascended Fox river. AI 1 i detachment of the Volunteers will remain at , ■ Ottawa, to guard the frontier, till the arrival of! 1 those who are now on their way from the eastern southern counties. From present appearan- 1 hi ces, there is a prospect of a protracted campaign, I 'j} the Indians s ill retaining their foothold in the ‘j.State, and their movements being conducted} | *i with great caution and secrecy. 'I I From the trluhe of June 19. : We understand that orders have been issued j | from the W : arDepartment, for the concentration j J! at Chicago, of about 1000 men ofthe regular! Canny, from the garrisons upon the sea-board &! J the lakes, and that General Scott has been direc-i . | ted to take the command of the operations against' ( j the hostile Indians. We learn that measures have | t j already been taken for raising the mounted! . | rangers, authorized by the recent act of Congress, i , ijand that these will march, without delay, to the! | ; scene of w arfare. General Scott has been era- ! ,ji powered to call for such militia force from the' :adjoining States, as circumstances may render necessary. j The plan of operations will be by a combined i _ i mow meat of the troops under General Scott and ■ 1 1 those under General Atkinson, from Chicago A , the Mississippi, to attack the Indians on both .sides, and scour the country, till they are entire-} ply subdued. We are informed that General: j| Scott has orders to reduce them to unconditional I submission, and not to suspend his operations, Jj while any of the hostile Indians remain east of dj the Mississippi. They will he required to cross ,j|that river, aud to repair to such district as may jj Jbe assigned to them. And such arrangements, 1 Pare contemplated concerning boundary lines,! | as cffoctually to prevent to recurrence ofsimilar! [\] aggressions. The surrender ofthe Black Hawk, |j and some of his principal Chiefs, as hostages for "j! these people, and to secure the frontier against | their future cruelties, is made indispensable. ! There is reason however to ho})e, that the 1 force now under General Atkinson, if the last call ofthe Governor of Illinois has b*ron fullv j: obeyed, will have checked, if not subdued, the | i Indians, before the arrival of General J?colt. i 'ji Still, as the operations are remote, and the result ! j! of our Indian campaign always doubtful, and j more particularly as the nature of the warfare is Tof the most distressing character, it is certainly prudent to guard against any consequences, and ; to take such measures, as will effectually reduce ! ! the hostile Indians, and overawe the disaffected. ' ’ It is the dictate, not only of policy and humanity, ; but of true conomy. If our operations are not' i vigorously conducted, and ifoue or two more re i j verses should befial our anns.no one, who knows j ;I| the Indians, can venture to predict how for the i ■ j spirit of disaffection would extend, nor what , ; tribes would remain quiet. From the known talents and experience of | General Scott, and from the ample means, plac- ! ed at his disposal, as well as from the plan of ! ! operations, w hich has been directed, we aatici-M pate the most vigorous measures, and a speedy t termination of this murderous and most unpro : voked contest. We cannot but hope, that in the state of things in the north west, every dispassionate man, of w hatever party, will see the necessity of an im- i niediate removal of the Indians beyond the sphere of our settlements. The scenes that are now acting form a lesson worth v'to be remember ed by ail who are the real friends ofthe Indians. The New York Evening Post states, that it is tire intention of a large number of the citizens of ; that place, to give to Martin Van Buren, on : {l his return to this country, a Public Dinner, which i is to be prepared in Castle Garden. \ ■, THE ( HOLERA. ; , REPORT UPON THE CHOLERA. | Copy of Doctor Edward's report on the “ Chole ra,” as it appeared in (he United let des Fri gate Congress, in the Chinese Seas, in 1820. U. S. Naval Rendezvous, ) New. York, 13 th June, 1832. Sir : In answer to the request with which 1 ! jam honoured, proposing certain inquiries res pecting the disease called the “ Asiatic Chole ra,” which prevailed ou board the U. S. Fri gate Congress, in the Chinese seas, in Decern ber, 1620, I beg leave to submit the following remarks, expressive of my views aud opinions, in regard to that disease as it appeared under my observation. ; The first appearance of the Cholera on board the Congress, was on the third day after w*e had 11 anchored at Manilla. The disease there wore :the form of the most deadly pestilence. The :environs ot the city were supposed to have lost i;upwards of ton thousand inhabitants, in the space of two months. Few died wi’hin the walls of the ciry. where mostly resided the i wealthier class of citizens, ij The principal cause of this disease in the (Congress, was unquestionably attributable to an iatemperameut or insalubrity of the atmos phere ; a full explanation of which cannot be given. Os some of its characteristics, I can speak with confidence. The air about Manilla, was evidently much vitiated by noxious exhala tions from the surface of the earth. It was al so affected by a very great and sudden reduc tion ot temperature at night, accompanied with thick heavy logs, remarkable for their humidity. 1 hose perceptible changes of the atmosphere, must have aided materially in giving effect to | other causes, mysterious and unscrutable. It (appears, however, that this dangerous constitu tion ot the atmosphere, is not fullv equal to an (elaboration ot the disease until the human sys tem has been prepared for the change, bv the operation ot various predisposing causes. In this class must be ranked whatever tends to de press tne mind, enervate the hotly or impair the Junctions of its organs. Such of these causes ; as are believed to have contributed to this pre disposition on board the Frigate Congress shall be here enumerated, viz : a dread of the dis | case —frequent necessary exposure at night, to ■ a malignant atmosphere. Sometimes, sleeping j tkus exposed, w hen thinly or negligently clad, j alter much exercise and fatigue during the j day. It is of the utmost importance, under i such circumstances, that the body should be well | protected by flannels, or other warm clothing, j A loss ol tone, and an impartial state ofthe func tions of the system generally, with a tendency to hepatic derangement, aud anorexial disease. 1 iiis state of the system may have been pro duced partly by the long continued influence of a tropical climate, and partly by the effects of a | less generous diet than seems to have been re : quisite. Our ship’s provisions when we left Manilla, (owing probably to circumstances which I could not have been foreseen) were of rather an ! inferior quality, and we had previously met with ■ difficulty in obtaining a sufficient supply of fresh food. Ihe superior quality of the provisions with | vv ’hich our ships are generally furnished, is un i doubtedly the very best prophelactic against i scurvy aud all low malignant fevers. Permit | me also to remark, in this place, that the daily ; allowance of ardent spirits, given as it general j ly is, at two draughts, aud upon an empty sto ! math, before meals, produces, for the moment, ; high gastric excitement, which is necessarily fol i lowed by correspondent debility. If those who | are unwilling to relinquish their rations of ar il dent spirits were permuted to drink it, not previ j|ozw to, but during or immediately after their | j meals, it would, no doubt, contribute more to the II purpose of an agreeable and healthy stimulus, sand the increased excitement, instead of being ' transferred to the brain would be expended in | the process of digestion. Jhe unhealthy state ot the atmosphere pre j viuusly mentioned, I cannot believe will ever ex ! tend upon the ocean where there is neither un ! healthy exudation, nor dew, or any change of ii temperature at night. lam induced also to be : lieve that the Cholera appears commonly within j three or four days, very rarely after six or eight days from the time of exposure to its atmos phere. We took no precaution to separate the sick Iforn the healthy, and w r e were aware of no circumstance, which could induce a belief that | the disease was ever communicated from one : person to another either on board the ship or on 1 shore at Manilla, where the poor and destitute were falling by thousands. Ihe attack ot the Cholera was seldom much preceded by premonitory symptoms. It was frequently announced by an immediate prostra tion of ail the powers ot life.—The patient, un. ; able to stand and describe his feelings, would i lay down upon deck, and cry out with pain. In a few cases it was preceded by a pain in the sto macli and head, in some by a numbness A sense of formication in the extremities, followed by spasms, full vomiting and dejections of a copious watery secretion, first at long intervals, but soon recurring every ten or twelve minutes, with a burning pain in the stomach, great thirst, un ceasing agonizing cramps—a death like coun :jtenance—-a hollow voice—cold clammy sweats I — < -°ld extremities—suppression of urine—dark ‘livid skin—loss of pulse, and the mind in des pair. In most cases, after these symptoms had con tinued commonly from three to six hours, the spasms and vomiting abated, and the patient was lett tree from pain, hut extremely exhausted, like one in the last stage of typhus fever, and: generally survived but a few hours. During ill-i iness, the mind became depressed ; and during 1 I j the last stage of the- disease, the patient, altho’ : , i free from pain, seldom expressed a wash to sur-' :, v * ve * In some of the worst cases, there was : | neither vomiting nor purging, but the system | ! n 'as Found until death by indissoluble spasm. ■ From the moment of attack, there was never isufficient reaction to indicate depletion, or any; j antiphlogistic treatment. \ encsection was prac tised in one case, deemed the most favorable,! bu* threatened the immediate extinction of life. I In most ot the severe cases, we proved the total; (inefficiency ot all human aid. We employed j stimulants and anodynes of almost everv descrip-' tion, aud in every variety of doses —bitters, al kalies, warm baths, steam baths, embrocations, •notions, and every revulsive agent. Os these the most effectual remedy was anodvnes, given in full doses, and repeated after every paroxysm, or untu the system became tranquilized : if this was soon effected, there were hopes of recove ry ; it no*, nothing availed. The drink was toast water sipped by the spoonful; large draughts renewed the vomiting ; a full dose of calomel; ana opium, it ;t could have been tffven twenty ~ .four hours previous to the accession oi the das ease, might have continued the biliary and otli : er secretions, and possibly have prevented th« attack, but was of no effect after. Those o the sick who were under the influence of mer . cury escaped the disease. In post-mortem ex . lamination, we found in the upper intestines £ 'thin serous fluid, and alight cream colored co agukim. There was no appearance of bile ir | the duodenum, which seemed much inflamed, 1 1 The probe pas 'd easily through the biliarx j; ducts. The gall bladder was filled with a fluk •|j resembling molasses ; the liver and large ven "lions trunks were surcharged with blood, thin anc • I ° !j nearly black, but not coagulated. The stem jj j ach exhibited slight symptoms of inflammation. The disease was evidently more unmanagea- J O ’ ible in Asia than it has yet been in Europe, where, the symptoms being milder, reaction en- J isucs, and an inflammatory diathesis is present. , ed- The treatment must necessarily be adapt. J ed to the grade of the disease, to the stage of its J 1 advancement, and to the circumstances of the jj rase. This is always best done at the bedside of the patient. 1 I have here endeavored to present, on the jspecific points of inquiry, the best information] : ; am possessed of; if it can be made to serve, in 1 any degree, to promote the benevolent object i proposed, it will be highly gratifying to. Sir, with great respect. Your ob’dt. serv’t. D. S. EDWARDS, M. D. Surgeon U. States Navy. To the Hon. Levi Woodbury, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. , j The following communication from an intclli ,, • g'-'nt young physician, is peculiarly opportune at jjtSiis moment. Is lie aware, however, that the ex jhi bition of saline remedies in cholera has been , condemned by some of the best authorities ? • j To the Editors of the Xew- York American ; Sir: As tiie dreaded cholera has at length entered our boundaries, and we know not w lie re its next appearance may be made, it becomes so ‘i much a matter of national importance and phi qjlanthropic interest, that any plan of treatment ■ i emanating from a respectable source is worthy of ‘i; general publicity. The following, which is novel ! j and simple, is recommended by Dr. Stevens, of ■ I Santa Cruz, who, you may remember, passed l j through this city some months ago on his way to j England. He is a surgeon of great eminence, *j and has distinguished himself lately very much • ji by his investigations of the changes of the blood, - | especially in fevers, read before the College of j Physicians in London, and by a work on the same subject recently published, ft consists of the administration of saline remedies: a prac • tice similar to that which he has adopted with I the most fortunate result in the yellow'fever, '! founded on his peculiar views of the saline mat j ter, in the blood, which he conceives occurs un ■j der these circumstances, inducing dissolution and H causing fever. He states that it has stood the 1 test in several hundred cases of the West India ■ fevers by himself and others, with'scarcely a i single loss, when early applied. ‘j When this suprizing success, so little to have 1 been anticipated, is considered, it may not be a i miss to give the plan a fair trial in this hitherto 1 intractable affection; and as it has already been practised, as will be seen, with considerable sue- I cess in England, it is doubly deserving of notice. - I have not seen it adverted to, and therefore send t you the paragraph concerning it, as I find it in t a Birmingham paper of the 12th May. If you agree with me as to its value, please publish it ■ forthwith : for it becomes members of the medi - cal profession to be beforehand prepared to cn -5 counter the pestilence, not to wait until its fatal - ity has taught experience; and above all, to > possess more than one method of treatment to re - sort to, in case of failure and disappointment. ‘ CURE FOR THE CHOLERA. j An effectual cure for the Cholera has, it ap pears, been discovered. Mr, Wakefield, surgeon rto Coldbathfields, says—“ it is needless now to i enter on the theory of this practice, which, on sound data, has been suggested by Dr. Stevens; , but suffice it to say, that experience has assured me of its efficacy and value. After premising that upwards of One Hundred Cases, more or f less malignant, have occurred in that prison, with the loss only of Seven, (the first four pri ! or to the adoption of the treatment.) I shall-at , once describe it : “ The usual care must be taken to promote J warmth by friction —hot dry flannels, hot water ,i bottles to the feet, mustard poultices to the chest, I ; j and other parts of the body affected by cramp ; I I j hut the main reliance is upon the following Pow , | Her, to be administered every hour, in Haifa turn . | bl er of cold water, namely Carbonate ofSoda, | half a drachm ; common Salt, twenty grains ; j Oxymuriate of Potash, seven grains. ;j However irritable the stomach may be, the common SeuJlitz powder, or effervescent soda ( draught, will in most cases quiet it; but when it || retain nothing in quantity, a teaspoonful of , j the carbonate of soda should be dissolved in half . I a tumbler of water, and given in such quantities >j as the stomach of the patient can retain, from a -j teaspoon!ul upwards, until the stomach is suffi • ,j ciently settled to receive the powders, ill “I he success of this treatment, which, in l |, many instances, was perfectly surprising, in- M duces rue to hope it may be extensively adopted. .!! In cases ofciiolera, however,the most unceasing ;|j watch fulness and attention to the patients are re ijquired. .jj “ The extreme thirst of the patient while suf j sering under the malignant form of the disease, ,Jj " as relieved, and great benefit experienced, by .I j soda, water or Seltzer water as a common drink, lin quantities not exceeding a wineglassful at a j time.” Ibe Times says—“ We insert this account, ; because we have made inquiries into the statc .jjments which it contains, and find that there is no i| exaggeration . > “1 he account ol the successful application of | the saline treatment has been officially trams -1 milled to Paris.” LATEST OF THE CHOLERA. i By the steam boat North America, Capt Ben- I son, that arrived at New-A ork on Sunday even -1 ing from Albany, came three gentlemen, who left I Montreal on P riday morning ; from them we ; learn that the previous accounts of the Cholera 1 were by no means exaggerated, but that truth ex ceeds former reports. It is now no longer denied 1 ! that the Cholera is in Montreal—but no official! report had been published, for the phvsicians' j too much occupied in attending to the sick, Ito meet in consultation. On Wednesday there w ere C 4 cases and 23 deaths la Montreal, and on .Thursday the deaths were reported to range from isto 130. We learn that in no instance was any of the respectable inhabitants attacked, whose habits are temperate, and all the cases .were confined to emigrants and the lowest of 5. Canadians. Trade was interrupted, and strar. - ’. j. ers were leaving the town, but the better classt f ie citizens generally remained at their homes, feel, jf i n g secure in their temperate mode of living. Q n r . Thursday the steamboat John Bull arrived from c. Quebec, during that night the Lady of the Lake a j arrived, and early on Friday morning the St, 'Lawrence came in, having on board many pas. n sengers —in each ofthese boats from four toeight p had died, and several cases were on board. 'The y | passengers immediately left the boats, and the j crew of the John Bull refused to do duty on , board. ( j One of our informants saw several persons at. j tacked in the streets —they were first seized with i. i j violent spasms in the hands and feet: and this ter. . j | rible malady progressed so rapidly, that death on. .| j sued in from four to twelve hours. It is even re. ’ |!ported that in no instance of confirmed Cholera .jihad one recovery been known. I In Quebec the deaths were reported at about s 40 a day, but were not confined, as in Montreal, e | t° the lowest class of people—several in the high. e j er ranks of life were attacked and carried off. Some cases had also occurred at La Prairie, a e : small town nearly opposite Montreal. ] Wc are credibly informed that no case has yet a i occurred South of Montreal. On Friday the own. t ers °t steamboats had come to a resolution not to take any emigrants on board at St. John for the Tinted States ; and we learn that the American i boats would not in the mean time approach lh« i Canadian lines. The police at Whitehall, Bur ; lington, and Plattsburg, were very vigilant— | there is now no chance of emigrants getting into I the States, unless clandestinely by land, j M e have no papers from Montreal later than ,j M ednesday. The above account is made from . the statement ol passengers.— Merc. Adc. i ; T1 IE MANUFACTURES OF ENubANT. I The following interesting information respect. t Tug the manuficturcs of the country, is abridged J trom an artice in Chambers' Edinburgh Journal J a periodical now republishing in London : The whole of England, and some of the conn t lies in Scotland, is but one immense manufacto f ry, sectioned into divisions, and swarming with a 1 j population whose innate skill and industry put to fl shame the perseverance of the ant, or the in* 1 genious labour of the bee. Let us, for example, > jfake ;t glance at this wonderful human hive. . Entering England from the north, we first full i in with the great trading district on the 'Tyne, , covered with ship-huilding establißhiiicrits,so<ape. f; rios, glass works, potteries, iron foundries, ( and ether works ol a similar kind, connected with f} the coal trade and mines. In Cumberland, we . find manufactories of ginghams, calicoes, cord, i uroys, and o'her cotton goods; sail-cloth, carpets, , paper, pottery and glass-bottles. The hilly dis . jtrictol W csimoreland, we find, gives employ. . ment to the woollen manufactories es Kendal, :l and other towns in that quarter, lu Durham s are found extensive foundries and forges produc :i | ing chains, files, edge tools, sword blades, and x iall such hardware as is necessary for artificers. j Yorkshire comes next, and we perceive it has c an extraordinary variety of manufactures. The - B<ast Riding furnishes wool in large quantities to o | the weavers in the West Riding, which is with al jout exception, tiie greatest manufacturing dis . trict in the world. 'The manufactures of Leeds, . Wakefield, Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield,-v rl| places adjacent, comprise broad and narrow x: cloths ol al! qualities, shalloons, calimancoes, x j and flannels, with every kind of woollen goods, t Trom Sheffield, cutlery, printing types, and - plated goods, are exported to all parts oft ho world. . j'The knives of Sheffield have been celebrated . for many centuries. West from Yorkshire lies 0 Lancashire, which is famed for the extent and .! variety of its manufactories, consisting of silk, ( cotton, woollen linen, stockings, pins, needles, nails, watch tools and movements, tobacco end j j snuff, earthenware porcelain, paper and many I other articles. In this busy scene lies Manchester 1 '< —a city oi cotton mills and machinery, forming J j light fabrics of goods intended for the clothing of 1 females, in every part of the globe which can be reached by merchants. Here is also man ufactur -1 j ed an inconceivable variety of small wares, as T tapes, threads, laces, &c. In the vicinity are ! | situated the establishments for printing & dyeing T calicoes. In this district are also found man- T ufuctories ofiron and copper, glass, white lead, j! lamp black, vitriolic acid, paints, &c. Liverpool j is the great outlet for these products. 'I Procceeding down into Cheshire, wc discover manufactories ofsilk, cotton, linen, ribbons, thread ’ buttons,leather, and .salt. Shropshire, adjoining, j ’i has its coal, iron,and tar works, besides rnanu- t j | factories of garden flower pots, tobacco pipes, I!china, and queen’s ware; also some linen and >j | cotton manufactories. In Montgomeryshire, we V; find some oi the best flannel manufactories in J| Britain. Let us retrace our steps, and view the '([centre of England. Here we find the stocking, .{silk, and lace manufactures of Nottinghamshire ; j. j the worsted, woollen, and hat manufactures of I Leicestershire; the woollen linen, cotton, silk and | polished marble manufactures of Derbyshire. j. The great wonder of England is the Staffordshire J potteries, which occupy a central district. For i ten square miles the whole land seems a scries of volcanoes, as interesting, and a thousand times l : more profitable, than those of Sicily or the Neapolitan territories. Aa abundant supply of J co;i l f° un d here, has produced the establishment *of these potteries, which give employment to an immense population and send out their goods to e\ er} country. \ v arwickshire falls next under our notice. Here every town is celebrated for [manufacturings me particular article. Binning* I ham is filled with manufactories of hardware, muskets, pistols, and other goods of a similar I natUiC. in Coventry and its neighbourhood, not j less than sixteen thousand people are employe in manufacturing ribbons; and many are engeci’-' in making watches, which aro reckoned among the best in Britain. G-oves, horn combs, hosiery, , flaxen goods, and needles, are a few more ofth : chief Warwickshire produce. Worcester is the great mart of the glove and carpet trade. 01 ou cestershire has its manufactories of iron, tin plate, edge-tools, brass-wire, wire-cards, pics, I and nails. On the water of fetroud are extenstv? ; j manufactories ot fine scarlet, blue and bl ad: cloths; the best worsted stuffs are made at Ciren cester, and stockings at Tewkesbury. In Buck I inghamshire, lace and paper are the chief mans ■ factures. In Dunstable, Bedfordshire, straw ; j plait is the principal source of employment -1 Kent has the most extensive paper-mills in tbs j world; gunpowder, callicoes, sacking (Sshop-bag ! gnig, are also made to a great extent; ard j the various dock-yards of Deptford, Wool , ich, Chatham, &c. employ numerous hands In tne country of Berkshire, sacking, paper, cotton, blankets, and copper, are manu laciured. In Wiltshire, the finest woollens, flan nels, broad-cloths, kerseymeres, fustians aal gloves, predominate. Dorsetshire is celebrate! for its twines, cordage, sail-cloth, nettings, ani sliirt buttons; Somersetshire for its strockings,