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ProMfht Lohtmhii Tel: ki'oj'r | Passages | t joni the Lite ol n Great ■tatesman. N O IV. "Mammon led them on, Mamm in, the feat' crated spirit tliil frit From Heaven, Lit e'en in Heaven hit /oike and thojghtß Were always downward rad, admirine m The rirhoa of Heaven's pavement, tro hlt •• - '7, ' Than ought divine or holy, else enjoyed lo vision beatific." Taruilisr Loi’. In my last 1 pinned Mr. (Jalhoun m il.nt class whose enthusiasm and energy invar a • . ably advance them beyond their own times, but whose impetuosity and eagerness disqual- j ify them for an accurate understanding of the affairs with which they are connected, for the precise relation which they hear to them. Many traits in his course arc inexplicable but upon this hypothesis, or.one more disparaging, which lam unwilling to suspect. To what cfae are we to refer his confident impression in regard to his undeviv.lng uniformity, or the declaration with v.dlieh lie lately fell prostrate upon Ins favorite measure of finance, that two bard and unsuccessful campaigns amounted only to a “skirmish.'’’ “Thou hast already •seen, by a thousand tokens and experiments, (said the Knight of'La Mancha to his squire, while “rostrate on the ground.) how fur the valour of this strong arm of mine extends 1” To what wc arc to refer tho separate de clarations, that in 1810, without the recharter ol the Hunk “the restoration could not have been effected, short of the i liter protlralion ot oil the moneyed institutions of the country,” and in September, ’37, that “so far from at fording relief, (a rcchatler of the Hank) would bo the most disastrous measure that could be adopted,” is perhaps not so clearly to be per ceived. The difference indicated in the speech of the 18th September, between the two points of time, Dial the Government at one was the debtor to the bunks, and at the other their creditor, if true, certainly varies the balance sheet, in the statement ol an account current between the parlies themselves; but as between the bunks and the public, (or as between a general bank and the local bunks,) ■what difference cun llicir relative posit inn to the Government at the two points of time 'make? Certainly, if at the first, the Govern ment was unable to meet its engagements with the banks, (ss Air. Calhoun slates,) It cannot, at the last, press them to a fulfilment ol theirs during a derangement produced by its own intermeddling. If, m the present money cri sis, the Government has a bonalide disposition tosul the resumption of specie payments, us the creditor, it has only to “give stay upon the execution.” Make the indulgence recip rocal; let the banks alone, now filial they arc I lie iletuors, as they lot llio Government alone in 181(1, when il was the debtor, and as be tween the banks and the community, (llicir private bill-holders,) or as between tho local hanks and a general hank, (which may better -be formed by un affiliation of existing bunk j capital, Ihun by Hie creation of new,) the dis- ( licullies will bo neutralized by their reciprocal ( liability fora redemption of Uieir issues and oblieiitions m specie. j Against any l ability to a specie demand ( upon its issues, Mr Calhoun lias effectually ( fortified Ins Independent Treasury, by chan. { gmg the form of its paper from that of a pro iniao to pay in "the legal currency,” (us ho , terms the “current com,”) to that of a prom. | •iso to be received for debts duo to tbo Gov- ( eminent; n transposition of woids which it is demonstrable (and which I propose to show) -confers upon “the great money dealer of the | ■country” (as be justly terms the Government) ( ; lhe power, through its fiscal action, not only ucsli'0 v the banks, but almost to confiscate the entire properly of llio country. The annual average debt to be pa d by the ■country to the Government, at the custom thouse, tho hind office, and the post office, can not bo slated at less than fifty millions, which • emphatically makes tho Government “tho great creditor” of iho country, tho mode of collecting whoso demands upon individuals, | will ultimately establish the medium in winch all other debts are to be paid. If the great payments of tho year can ho made alone m a prescribed medium, the small payments must j of course conform to that medium, or tho largo payments cannot bo effected. If the t merchant, lor example, must make his pay- £ inents to the Government either in |tho “cur- (| 16111 coin," (tho "legal currency,’’) or in a paper promised, by the Government, to ho re- £ coived in payment of its demands upon its debtors, (the il legal currency, I suppose) of [ course he must make his collections liom tho 'Community irt kind, or be in default. The } medium ot till payments, therefore, must con- ( form to this standard, and will he controlled , by it. ‘A medium resting on this demand, which simply obligates the Government to re- | ccivc il in all us dues, to the exclusion of ev ery thing else, except gold and silver,” is the , “suitable currency” proposed by Mr. Calhoun i in his speech ofthe 18ili September last, and , this we are to lake as his plan. Let us an- , alyze it. Wo arc told, and well told, by this great •statesman, in Ihojsamc speech, that the Gov ernment (the great creditor) "has the power of creating a demand against every citizen as high ns it pleases, in the shape ot a tax or du ty ami an unlimited power lo increase the liability of the debtor, and at the sumo time lo restrict Ins means of payment, in indirectly a power of confiscation, and nothing loss ! Hut let us analyze the process by which ibis result is to be readied ; and in doing so 1 must beg indulgence for running the subject through a complicated detail indispensable to Us com. plotc explanation. I have stated the Government as the aiiiiu- 1 al creditor ol the country for fitly millions of I ■dollars, which Mr. Calhoun says the eouu ry should only bo permitted to pay either in “cur. i rent coin,” or m these "promises to be recei- j ved ’’issued by Government. To lender an Alternative, wtiicli is plainly iiiipta iticable, is j ■to offer no alternative at all; audio ,-ay iliat I the only mod ol payment to the government are either coins, or tins i neon vert ildu paper 1 medium, is t o limit all payments absolutely and emphatically to the last; for it bus been shown a thousand times over, that payment in coins of large masses ot' debt, (under tbo im mense mid increasing swell of modern com meree,) is physically impracticable. The ne cessary consequence is, that unless tbo great trading class are m constant possession of this paper substitute, their goods cun never be cleared Irotn the custom bouse; and, in fact, that all foreign commerce is suspended, upon fhc perpetually recurring chances of a paper I blockade. Jf the Secretary of tbo Treasury ! were to withhold tho annual supply m lu f. Vance «f this paper, thus made indispensable lo the commerce of the country, and were to choose to instruct Ins bill brokers, holdnm it at Hie various ports ol entry, to shut their hands, the blockade would be complete; and then lo open them, and it would bo raised thus excluding or admitting merchandise, and, ot course, raising and depressing prices at. will! Hut what ut the “current euin'" the de fenders of tins Independent Ticsmry psoci I will euy. Vju shall tec. Fo any nothing of the impracticability lie- 1 lorn aHverti (1 to ot making large jmy tnenta in line mod.inn, 1 w.ll show you mat it id effec tually within the power ot the Government, iimler the action of Mr. Calhoun's p an, ef (cctuttlly to withdraw specie from the circnla lion; and that it wdl do no, in the very nut ot putt ng iid receivable paper inio market. It in the creditor, niaik, and not the debtor, and, as I have staled, to the annual amount of filly millions ol dollars. t 1 have also sud, j I hat to enable tlic merchant to anticipate Inn ; port duties (or the current year, and to protect j him from the open and shut process of the . Government hill broker before described, these j receivable Government issues (which he must ] have) must ho put into the haiidd ot Govern- i inenl agents at the various ports ol entry, lor i sale, in advance, or at the opening o( the year. Any merchant would prefer to lose the dis count uu this indispensable paper, lather than be put to the perpetual risk of having Ins goods uncleared ut the custom house, through the caprice of Government agents. In fur. nishing the supply of this medium to the con., try, the Government would not only, then, furnish it in due time, hut in sufficient amountj and the debt to be paid to it being as before stated, it would of course place in the hands of its agents in the commercial cities, at the commencement of the fiscal year, liliy mil lions of these promises to be received, appor tioned according to the amount of debt to he paid In it at each point. We will slate them i sold at par tor current hank notes, for limy I ild be readily taken by the merchants and paid in that medium. The merchant then gives to the Government broker the promise, by a bank, to pay the paper, in dollars and cents, and takes in exchange from the broker a paper which the Government promises, on its fnec, to receive in discharge ol debts due toil. And here begins (ho working of tins ‘‘infernal machine.” You perceive that the promises by the hanks and by the Govern ment, upon their respective issues, are not correlative and reciprocal; that by the hunk being directly u promise to redeem upon pre sentment, in the metals, wlniu that by the Government, instead of being a reciprocal promise to redeem, is simply a promise to re ceive m debts due to itself. The former is a responsible, ihc latter loially an irresponsible paper; and feeling that ho ig protected from reciprocal liability, by the character of Ins is sues, the broker presents the bank notes for redemption. If there ho a failure to redeem, the bank issues are of course discredited, and their place in tho circulation supplied by the issues of his Government, winch Mr. Calhoun has said, with great truth, will havo a credit attached to them of which they cannot bo di vested, from the more fact of being received in payment of Government duos, which will keep them, if not always at specie par, ccr. lainly very near it. Jlere, llieu, if the hanks refuse to redeem, the Government at once possesses itself of the circulation «f the coun try, and becomes its banker, with the privilege of banking without responsibility, and of course without limit, upon an irredeemable paper. The excluding or discrediting of ( bunk notes would call tor an increased issue ( ol this Government l J roc.; which being ul- * ways liable to infinite expansion, might ne vertheless be so contracted, at concerted pc- r rinds, throughout the country, ns not to make i way for the ro-emission of the discredited bank issues, but to depress and elevate prices, ! that the insatiable spirit of speculation might * at intervals profit by their disturbed current. 1 It is not, however, to be expected that the ■ banks would surrender at the lirsl onset from 1 the Treasury brokers; and to carry them a 1 point beyond, admit that they tuduem on pro- ' sent incut. Here then are fitly millions of specie translerred f rom banks to Government brokers, but ul. various and d.stunt points.'ln thirty days, at farthest, this vast moveable mass of metal may he drawn from the outposts, and, through the operation of transfer checks, may t be thrown to the great, money centre of the j country. Imagine that degraded felon, ll cu- , hen M. Whitney, entering upon the scene nt t this stage of the process, and standing on tins j hoarded treasure in the city ot New York! ( Wo will say that the stockholders and dircc- f tors ami olllcors of the banks of that great r city have not the true political impress, and c that Whitney is instructed to pul them through t a course of discipline to make them a ‘‘unit,” p and to bring them to the footstool of the ma- v gician. What has he to do but to buy up their circulation, with the specie already drawn m « part from tiictn, through the msliumenlalily 1 of n system of irresponsible financiering upon ■ perspective Government credits, and when ‘ lie is prepared to make his daily call, to the 1 tune of half a million, in specie, how long, with the panic which would ilms be extended : at once and at largo to all billholders, could the bunks stand Hie drain*! It will hu perceived that there is no possibility of retaliation or reprisal; for the fixed relation between the parlies, intentionally established by this schema of Mr. Calhoun, is that of total and entire irresponsibility by the Government, while the condition of the hanks is one of daily responsibility. We promise to pay, say the lat ter; 1 piomiso to receive, says the former, fs not one corsleted in steel, and contending behind nn impenetrable shield, against an adversary un armed and unprotected ! l! is literally sweeping nil adversary in an open plain, from the bastions of the Muto Castle, or from the fortress of Gib raltar. The suddenness with which evolutions whh money|may be performed, is known to every one who knows what money is ; and ns soon as this agent of the Troasmy, (yes, the irresponsible as well us the “ Independent” Treasury,) with the aid of a general panic, shall have pressed the | banks to the point of suspension at Iho great mo ney comic, winch of ilself would extend ns effects | to the remotest exliemity of iho country, ho has only to remove his fiord to Philadelphia, Haiti ! mote, Charleston, Savannah, New Orleans and I Huston, successively, “for the purposes of the Government,” and repealing tho movement in | each, in less than ninety days die entile banks of | the country me Iho fractions of a discredited I “ unit, * and the Government, under tho name and style of Ken bon M. Whitney & Co., would j f ind ilself supplying tho circulation and selling the exchanges of the country. Is this tho con templated separation of the Government from the banks ? Is ibis tbo patent process for “ unbank* iug* these institutions, by first forcing irrespon- I slide Government credits into the circulation, bv making them so indispensable by law that they will command bank credits: and these once ob tained, are they to bo made tbe instruments in the unbanking process which is to set up an Exchc ; quor Hank, without limits and wiibout responsi | bilily, upon their ruins ? Ves, without respon i sibihty, (and of course without limit,) for where is the shadow of responsibility attached to the emission ol irredeemable issues ! If convertibil ity be ihe process by which en over issue by banks is to be cheeked, it is to lie presumed that die issues of a government will hardly be restrain ed by making them inconvertible. \nd when this paper machine is revived, we lia m exactly retrograded to the reign of Louis XVI. and of Fionch assignats, with this d iVcrcnce, that the French promised to redeem and actually did p.iv one for seventy., whereas Mr. Calhoun b( b ;ns his I project with a dislinet exclusion of a promise to | pay, in which it u tuoie than likely ho will con 1 Unuo am good as hi* Word lo the end. Away . with such contemptible and paltry einpittcimn 1 I A boy of twelve could nut be cheated out of his i penny whistle tvilh L'enton's cravat full ot these rags; and yet with that amour:! of the “belter 1 currency,” a money changer, with the CJovern- ! rr.cnt to back him in '.he process, could shake Mr. Kerr Boyce or Judge (Jolcock to the very ends of i ilieir toenails. The country is not to he deluded by this most daring and dangerous project of financial empiricism that has ever been presented to mankind I Could any general bank, issuing a convertible paper, upon which it is made daily responsible by demand for its redemption in coin, compare, in its action upon the monetary syslem, with the danger of the stupendous and irresponsible paper machine I In my simfle way of estimating the guards upon a currency, I have hern accustomed lo suppose that its liability to daily responsibility for Ur redemption in llie metals was by far the most safe and effectual. I have been in the habit too of supposing that where the liabilities were reciprocal upon their i-suoi, ihat the action and reaction being e(|ual and contrary, the check would he mutual between antagonist banks, being alike subject to the daily check of redemption ; and hence the security of a general bank, not only I in its power to check local hanks, but in its lia bihly to bo checked by them, from the convertible and responsible nature of its issues, upon which it could bo brought lo daily account. Hut it seems that upon this point ot security all former ages wore deluded ; and that wo have coached ihe era ul tlnancc, in which a [taper with no other responsibility resting upon the parly issuing it, but to lake it back for debts due to himself, is the salcstand best guarded ! With this sole obliga tion resting upon the drawer of such paper, what is to hinder one not worth the paper and ink from extending his credits in this form without limit, and getting jn return into his hands a [taper in general credit, issued by responsible hanking institutions, with it buying himself rich in prop erty, and having no debts due to him, his paper is never returned for him to receive. A govern ment, it teems, under this arrangement, may do with impunity, and even with honor, what an individual would ho whipped in any esurt of! sessions in any civilized country for doing. It may “cheat mankind with false tokens, culcula leil lo ileceive the public at large in oilier words it may swindle ami defraud the innocent holders of these tokens, when its citizens are pun ished for a like ceurse. Hut :l may be (bought Ihat these consequences may all be averted by a constant reflux of the coins back to the banks, through treasury dis bursemenls of the metals to government creditors. Is any one so simple as to imagine, that if a dtaft were offered lo the government creditor, at the same cost that ho would have to incur in trans porting the metals, that there is one man in one hundred thousand, who would freight a vessel, or load a caravan with the former, when he could answer his purpose equally well with a piece of paper, which he could carry in his pocket ? If he were lo take specie, it would not bo for trans porlation, but the puicliase of a bank’s or a bro ker’ draft, which would answer him no better and nut so well as that of an exchequer, which had absorbed the whole metallic basis of the country. And before (hero could be a possibility of rcllux the whole mischief would bo done, by a general discrediting of the entire bank circulation of the country, and pushing out government proc. as a substitute for depreciated bank credits. This brings me lo consider the political opera tion of a government bank, which I will examine in my next. A word of the Mercury editorial of the 16th, and I have done ; with what purpose the wanton intimations of that article were directed against a man whose years, infirmities and peaceful occu pation should at least have protected his privacy from intrusion, is not to be accounted for, unless it be from a disposition to evade tho subject, by an »i>pcutl v«» i\\o jvcisttii. I have no Wlßll lO lUII into the hands of the press gang of the inde pendent treasury parly, and 1 have merely noticed Ibis attack, to throw a shield before the person of a venerable and declining friend, whose extreme age could not protect him from their mercy or Ilieir magnanimity. That Dr. Cooper lias not thought proper lo acquiesce in taking money (rom parliament, and placing it, free of all restraint, into executive custody, is perhaps, to be ascribed to the fact that his ripe and steadfast republican ism was learned in a country where it lias ever been esteemed a great conservative guard of lib erty, that, the purse should be kept beyond the reach of the hum! which grasped (he sword ; and even in this country, it is difficult lo [rerceive how Ihe paper guards of a constitution could resist the power of an Executive who struck with the one while ho subsidised with the other. As lo the substance of these numbers, it is easier for the Mercury to pronounce it malicious than to prove it false : as to their author, it is not so readily lobe peiceived, why the editor should hive adopted an indirect method for ascertiining a fact about which no concealment is intended, when a person having a right to inquire shall seek the information with a more worthy purpose than the mere gratification of idle curiosity. NAKED TRUTH. From Ihe Jivhimco-Medical Recorder. Dr. liolcoinbc’s Recipe for preparing the Tomato lor Medical use. "1 now cheerfully and gratuitously bestow up on the community at large, what has cost me much labor and time; and my most sincere desire is, that the world may become as fully satisfied of the excellency of tins medicine us 1 have. I mash the tomatoes and press them in tho same maimer that 1 would apples, to make cider --having the press fixed in such manner, with straw, as to prevent tho seeds or rinds from run ning out wiili the juice. 1 then reduce the juice by evaporation, over a slow fire, lo the consislon cy of honey in cold weather, or to that ol stiff tar. In this slate, if it be put into wide mouthed, but tles or small jars, and secured entirely from the air, it may be kept as long as necessary, perhaps for several years. 'This extract alone, taken in doses of 30 or 40 grains, will act as a mild cath artic; it has a fine effect upon the bilintly organs, and is also diuretic and diaphoretic. From various experiments on the fruit, in its different stages, 1 have proved to my own satis faction, that the green fruit, when fully grown, is much better for medical uses, than the ripe.— Try it, gentlemen, and you will be satisfied. Dr. Heunctt lias done much good, by introdu cing to public notice this invaluable vegetable as a medicine; he has written several valuable arti cles on the subject, the first of which was publish ed between three and four years ago. Hut I claim to be the first who introduced the extract, which I finst prepared in the fall of 1835, though Dr. Miles has made many people believe it is original with himself. While on tho subject of the tomato, I will men tion api tit which 1 believe is not generally known, by which the natural flavor, (rather, 1 would say,) the fruit in its natural stale, may be preserved for winter use. Take up tho vines in the fall before they be come injured by tho frost, with the green fruit on them, and hang them up in a house where they "ill not be likely lo freeze; be careful not to hang them in very thick clusters, lest the fruit should rot. Thus the tomatoes will ripen and bo nearly as good as when taken from the green vine. A. J. HOIA’OMUE ” Tuscaloosa, Ah. We learn that there was a very severe blow at New Haven last evening, accompanied with thun der and tain. The rain was very much needed. I omlinson’s bridge, we are informed. w» d struck "ith lightning, and slightly damaged. wvrrv—r- —~—.~rrs—~r**-rr« -wr-r-n - i-rrvrm CHOONICLK AND SENTINEL, augh/stA. Sntnnlay llurninj, .Inly SIR, STATE UIGIITS TICKET FOU COSOKESS. WM, C. DAWSON, R. W. HABERSHAM, J. (;. ALFORD, VV. T, COLQUITT, E. A, NISBET, MARK A. COOPER, THOMAS BUTLER KING, EDWARD J. BLACK, LOTT WARREN. 1 *“ [ ‘ ’ i We have received a copy of the fifth annual report of the stockholders of the Richmond, Frcd | crickshurg and Potomac Rail Road, made hy the j President and directors, in conformity with the ! act of incorporation, from which it appears that the affairs of the company are in a prosperous condition. The net income applicable to divid j ends, on the first day of June 1837, was $ 10,592, 02, and the income from the first day of June, 1807, to the Ist day of June, 1838, amounted to ! Ji11,040 28, making together $127,038 30. The ! whole amount of current expenses and intercA I paid from the first day of June, 1837, to the Ist day of May, 1838, was $73,195 06. Deducting the one from the other, the net balance constilu. ting the dividend fund, is $54,143 64 out of which the company were able to pay $730,000, the amount oflhcir capital stock—to divide four per cent on the first of November, and three per cent on the first of May. Making seven per cent for the past year. The company were also well sat | isfied that no semi annual dividend hereafter will he less than 3 percent. Thermometer, The following is the state of the Thermometer during tho past week, kept at the Globe Hotel in (his city, in a cool situation. July, 9am | 12 m | 2 p m | 4p m | 6p m | 8 p m 22nd 84 89 931 93 90 i 88" 23rd 82 85 80 88 80 84 24 th 80 82 84 80 80 84 251 h 82 80 90 91 90 80 20m 84 88 93 94 92 93 27th 84 91 i 95 97 97 88 At 5 o’clock P. M. yseterday, the Thermometer stood at 98, being the highest degree attained this season in this city. Notwithstanding the great heat, tho city remains quite healthy. Florida. The latest advices we have from this territory stale that the citizens of Columbia county, have generally left their homes and plantations, in consequence of the frequent appearance of tho Indians in the ncigborhood. Melancholy Occurrence. We regret to learn, says the Charlotte (N C.) Journal, that on tho 4th of July, while a nnmber of persons were engaged in firing a cannon in Providence Settlement, the piece exploded, and killed instantly Wm L Patton, Esq , and wound ed Josiah Boycs, seriously, and Hugh Peoples, slightly. Tho accident, it is said, was produced altogether from a want of proper care in loading, iiieuieccu or me gu« was rnrown anout 170 yards. Florida Crops. The Tallahassee papers state that (lie crops of Corn and Cotton in Middle Florida, arc unusual, ly good for the season. The corn crop will ho much larger than last year, more having been planted than usual. The lateness and drouth of the spring kept the cotton backward, hut the recent rains have brought it forward aston ishingly. Henderson, the Forger. The Cincinnati News states that Mr. Alex ander Hunter, Marshal of the District of Co lumbia, arrived in that city on Wednesday the 18th, for the purpose of claiming Henderson i the Tresury note forger. He was fully identifi ed hy the Marshal, as the real “Simon Pure,” and the rewaid of $l,OOO paid to officers Jones and Hazcn, who arrested him. We learn says the N. V. Whig that the U S. Bank, has entered into a scheme, hy which many of the banks of Mississippi and Alabama can be privileged to draw on the cast at 12 months time, in redemption of their excessive circulation. If this be (rue to a sufficient extent a resumption of specie payments must follow in those states ere long. At Tallahassee on the 2st, Flour was r-ellmp at $l4 a 10 per bbl; bacon sides at 18 a 17 els; do hams 20 a 25; lard 12} ; corn $1 75; salt 4 ; coffee cte; sugar 11; pork $25 a 30. F. O. J. Smith, has been nominated by the Conservatives of Maine, ns their candidate for Governor. The Hon. George Evans lias been nominated by the Whigs, for reflection to Congress, in Kennebec district. Wc learn that a few days ago in York Dis trict, South Carolina, two young men named McKee and Harris were stubbed by a negro fel low who had runaway, while they were in the act of lying him. He then made his escape but was soon arrested, and he has no doubt ere this paid with his life for this alicmpt on the lives ol others. It is vciy doubtful whether the young 1 men will recover. Since writing the above, the j following statement of facts have been furnished j us hy otic of the Jury who sat on the trial.— Charlotte, -V. C. Journal. More Stabbing ami Murder. A Mr. W m. M Kee last January, hired for one year, a stout hearty young negro man, who pro ved to be somewhat disobedient and ungoverna ble, and in the course ot the season had runaway two or three limes. On Thursday the 12th in stant, he again eloped, and Mr. M’Kco took with him a Mr. Wallace Harris and went in pursuit of him on Sunday night the 15th, and about 10 o clock found him at Mr, H. M. White’s where Iho had a wife. M'Kee went into the kitchen I and brought him out into the yard, while Harris •t' J oil at the door. He then ordered him to cross his hands with a view to tie him, which the fcl. low (John) did with apparent submission, but immediately afterwards made a stroke at M’Kee with a knife and cut him in the lower part of the abdomen. Harris then made a stroke at him with a stick, the boy then made a lunge at him and stabbed him in the upper part of the abdo men. John then made bis escape. Some noise being made roused up Mr. White and Mr. Kim hre|. and when they found the young men they "CIO both holding their tn'e-titjeg j n rhrii hands M'Kee’n bk pretty pooh pul back, but Harris's remained obliuded about labours, and the Doc tors were then unable to put them bark until the orifice was enlarged. A company of men suc ceeded on Monday night, the lOlh, in taking John, and a Court was organized c*. Tuesday the 17th, at the house of James M’Kee, Esq., for the trial of John, when and where be was found guilty of Felony, and was ordered to be bung on Friday, the 20th inst.,at the forks of the road near Doctor Moore’s plantation. Mr. M’Kee died about It o’clock on Tuesday, while the Court was | engaged in the (rial; and Mr. Harris’s case is considered extremely doubtful, from the nature of the wound and the warmness of (he season. The conduct of the owner of this boy, Mr. Robert D. Spruit, is considered laudable and praiseworthy,as he has manifested every dispoai ■ lion, that John should he brought to trial and pun ishment, for as the Stale does not pay for the prn : perty of slaves executed, it has been too much 1 of a practice of running them out of the way of . justice, and the chances of escape heretofore for e “loves have been more than that of white men. Owing to their value they are rarely ever execu -3 led for F'elonies. 1 Indian Land , York Sis., July 18, 1838. From the Buffalo Journal July 18. Rail Road Accident* !, A serious accident occurred on the Lewiston , Kail Road, day before yesterday. As the cars were descending the mountain by horse power, conveying a company of U. S. troops under the G command of Capt. J. Smith, such an im{ cu ; was t caused by the rear car not being controlled by the t brakes, as to alarm the driver, who jumping from , his scat, left the train. The very next instant the 5 horse was crushed to death, the forward car fore • cd off the track, ran down the precipice about lil i ly feet, being completely demolished. About 3 twelve soldiers were more or less injured by cuts r »nd bruises. One poor fellow had his leg so shat tered as to probably require amputation. Every t attention was paid by the citizens of Lewiston, lo r the sufferers, who were conveyed by the Steam . | boat United States to Fort Niagara: j | Ihe officers, with their wives and children, and the wives and children of several of the privates fortunately were in the middle car, and escaped all danger and injury. Comparative dimensions of the s eam ships Si' rius, Royal William and Tiger. ft. ins. ft. ins. ft. ins. Length, 181 10 ICC 05 166 06 • Bearn, 28 63 20 00 28 00 Hepth, 18 00 16 09 18 10 Cylinders, 60 60 00 Stroke, 6 03 5 00 6 00 Tonnage, 696 tons. 617 tons. 524 tons. Horse power, 228 276 256 *>> t [ / rom the Baltimore American.] The following is the concluding or rec apilula lory portion of the Report of the Clerk of the House of Representatives of the United States, ' showing' the appropriations made, new offices 3 created, and officers the salaries of which are 1 increased, during the first and second sessions \ o f the Twenty fifth Congress of the United , 1 States. This Report is made in obedience to an , act of Congress: I RECAPITULATION. Extra Session. , | For he support of the Government r and suppression of Indian hostili ties for the year 1837. (52,109,000 1 Second Session 25: h Congress. 1 Civil and diplomatic, 8,252,360 22 - Army, 5,127,800 10 Fortifications, 1,015,415 ’ Protection of the Northern frontier, 025,500 1 Navy, ‘ 6,062,136 30 . Revolutionary and other pension ) ers, 3,058,533 02 Current expenses of the Indian Department 3,002,427 73 Preventing and suppressing Indian f hostilities, 7,739,410 41 Harbors, 1,535,008 57 ‘ Lighthouses, 307,010 30 3 Miscellaneous, 540,300 i Private claims, 45,103 00 f , 5538 413,004 87 ’ Statement of the new offices created and the sa laries of each and also a statement of the of fices the salaries of which are increased, and the amount of such increase, during the two - last sessions of Congress, made in pursuance of the Gth section of the act of the'id July, , 1836, to provide for the appropriation of ad ditional payments, and fur other purposes. 1 NEW OFFICES. • Governor of the Territory of lowa f $1,500 ’ As superintendent of Indian Affairs S 1,000 s Secretary of the Territory of lowa, 1,200 Chief justice supremo court Territo ry of lowa, 1,500 Two associate justices (1,500 each,) 3,000 . District attorneys, same a* others, h Marshal “ “ a Judge criminal court District ofCo -2 lumbia, 2,000 J udge orphans’ court District of Co* c lumbia, 1,000 it Two registers and two receivers, ,v Wisconsin Territory west of the Mississippi, same compensation as others, g Surveyor General Wisconsin Terri* “’. r y, 1,500 ’ Register and receiver northwestern ■ land district of Louisiana, same as others. Collector for the port of % icksburg. 500 ' NEW HEOJMEST OF INFANTtIV. r 1 colonel, same compensation as other officers of same grade, j 1 lieutenant colonel do do 1 major do do 1 10 captains do do 10 Ist lieutenants do do 10 2d lieutenants do do _ ARTILLERY, j 4 captains, same compensation as other officers of similar grade, g 4 Ist lieutenants do do t 42d lieutenants do do roiti’s nr r.NuiNEr.ns. , 1 lieutenant colonel, same pay as other officers T of same grade in the dragoons, e 2 majors do do 1 q 6 captains do do COMMISSARY DEPARTMENT. i 1 assistant commissary general of subsistence, ' pay same as lieutenant colonel of cavalry. 1 e 1 commissary of subsistence, pay of quarter- 1 . masters of the army. . 3 commissaries of subsistence, pay of assistant r y quartermasters. - OUDXANCE. h * majors, pay of officers of dragoons of same t grade. I [) 1 professor of chemistry, mineralogy, &c. at c West Point, pay of professor of mathematics. a MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, s V surgeons, same pay as other surgeons, s Note.—The other appointments authorized ' , by ibe new army bill are staff appointments, to t be made from the lino of the army, and do not i | increase the number of officers. " | The afiair Settled. , Wo understand that the difficulties, growing 1 out of the iccapturc of the American schr. Lone " ! between Captain Olarke. her commander, and the | prize officer, M. LeCoet, was honorably adjusted i this morning, by an exchange of two shots at ■ ; twe.ee paces. M’eare happy to learn that nci ■ l '.her of the parties were injured, M. Lc o„et "'Uic-l lo continue llit fight until cube, k, ffil L *y l " n ‘-’larko should be wounded ' or k^ : HP lull, through the laudable exertions of hi,?BW eomb:, Ibid desperate procedure was obviate,* mir o),inmn, they are boil, honorable and » Bft* men, and we hope ll,at, having proved lh • rage, they will again become hicnJ.; _ v Coll, ■ [hram the A'. V. I Chief, July 23,1 Money Market. “ 1 It is an admitted truth, dial the State 0 1 \ 9 \ ork, according to her population, her and her resources, compared with those of IB oilier stales, should have within her borders hundred millions of bank capital. The delicic' B ‘ cy in this respect under which our state has hith'B'r erto labored, was always supplied by loaning ih I' credit ot the New England slates. In being tbu I compelled to seek abroad that which we have had at home, the loss to our enterprising I merchants and citizens, has been almost inealeu' I hible. This fact, though long known to our statec ft men and financiers, could never induce them n H lake such measures for the increase of the ban HH king capital ot the stale as was demanded by our BSP necessities, and (bus lo put an end to our slavid, feff dependence on the tesonrees of others. Will out wise men were so ajsalhetic in a case of such k£l manifest importance, it is not for us now to e , I plain. En passant, wc refer our readers lo tl le 9- policy of our former rulcts, as a key to unlock Kjl the door that leads to these anti patriotic acts H Luckily for the cause of our prosperity, howevc, yfe; a whig Huu?o of Assembly were returned to* power |i| by the people last year. That house persuades’ W’ of the paucity of capital under which our enter. tP| prise was daily sufficing, brought i n the general bank law project, and in opposition to the rulina Senate and Governor, gave their verdict in its f a . */j& vor. Under this very law wc are happy now i„ Wk announce, that it is in contemplation by that 19 largo and honorable class of our citizens who deal 9 in borne and foreign merclmndiso, the importinc and jobbing merchants, to erect a banking asso f-’S elation with a capital of fifty millions of dollars H Mo understand that the capital of this concern M is to be subscribed for and paid in, in the good m old way, that is, in hard cash. The association M intend to exclude bond and mortgage values, and Si in doing so, they manifest a knowledge of baits H king very different from the popiular notions now r afloat. The experience of the past assures us, \ that for the active business of commerce, an ac. '*§ live, tangible capital is necessary. The importing s and jobbing interest dues not onfv require a hea vy paid up capital for its full and healthy piost- li cution, but a large amount ot funds is needed to -I anticipate the realization of values incident on m the system of granting credit to the interior deal- “ crs. Had an institution existed like this capable p of sustaining this portion of the mercantile 3 munily when the pressure of 1837 came on, thousands of dealers would have been spared to O' commerce, and nine tenths of the misery that It now assails our eye, would have been warded off. With the capital paid up in the hard stuff, wo I have no tears for tho success of this institution. Men arc very apt to manage well a trust of great I value. $ 1 lie United States Hank of Pennsylvania is busily engaged in preparing to establish in this city the association promised by it to the Board ot I radc. What the exact amount of capital is to be, we have not heard. Those concerned are endeavoring to procure a suitable lot on Wall street, on which it is intended to erect a building somewhat similar to the Bank of America. Tho addition of a tew millions of dollars to our bank* ing capital from such a source as that of the Pennsylvania United Sta cs Bank, cannot fail to be useful in enabling our merchants lo reap the advantages of internal exchanges, without being subject to the late ruinous prices charged by some of our banks on domestic bills. Enjoying a pc.« section of machinery, and an unlimited confidence. Ui unitcio ooaittJiva at uincrent points of tlio ■ Union, this bank can perform the duties required ol her at a much less rate than a new establish* ment. In this point of view, no doubt, the new association will chiefly confine itself to tho ex change business, as the most profitable to itself, and advantageous to the community. Stocks were rather flat today. The sales were larger than on yesterday. Tho closing prices of U. S. Bank was 119. J. Jhe question of resumption, so far as regards nearly all the suspended stales, is now considered as settled. The batiks of Richmond and Boston will not attend the Convention of Monday the 23d instant in Philadelphia, but have signified they are ready to follow the example of the U. S. Bank. 1 he Secretary of the Treasury, as cr vainly try. ing lo sell the U. S, Bank bonds for the last ten days, has advertised for proposals. There arc two of them, each for $ 1,986,589, bearing inter* est at the rale of 0 per cent, a year, from March 9,183 U. Tho first one is due September 1839, and tho eccond one September 1840. If they are not sold, Congress must be called together early in October, to provide the ways and’means la j keep the wheels of government going. COMMERCIAL. { NKW ORLEANS MARKET, JUI.V 22. Cotton.—Unccivod from the 15th to the 21st msf 19(8, exported 11040 bales. Stork on hum), inclu ding all on shipboard, 68,006 bales. In the early prompt last week we had a moderate demand for Louisiana Mississippi i a qualities over middling lair, arid lor North Alabaman, from fair to good in crops for the northern markets. On Wednesday the demand became general and continued through, out tho week. Tho sales amount to 6000 bales, and prices for all kinds were fully supported, par ticularly tho better descriptions, which are, it any llung rather dearer. The stock on sale is fast di minishing, large shipments of North Alabama on factors’ account are now under way for Europe mid tho north. Our receipts will not full off tor the I alnnce ol tins season. We have got in nearly all the North Alabamas and Tennessees, and very iiille morels expected from Mississippi and Louis jam until new makes its appearance, wide li wc look tor early m September, from Hie very fine weather we continue io hum. On Friday last we got by express mail Liverpool accounts to June Bth, Havre to June 9—they had no effect on our market. The sales in Mississippi and Louisiana have been at Bal Os ordinary lo fully middling lair ; 11 a 13 fair to good ; in North Alabamns and Tennessees, 7 a Hi ordinary to middling fair; 8j a lie fully middling fair to choice in crops ; Texas, 9 a 101 c MARINE I NT E L LIG ENC E, I jl AH I.F.S t O\, , I n!y 2,7, —Arrived yesterday, brig York llntJ ' Uo,l? > Havolll1 ' u *• brig George, Hull, New Cleared, shio Fnrali fi case. Merry, T mate, ship Dnf i win, Myers, Havre, nnd liordcimx hrinj Hunter, l»oni (ley, Itosldii, line brig Alunna, Ke .drirk, Huston, steam packet Georgia, Hollins,N 0rf,,!!.. Went to sen yesterday-ship, N. „ i rsev. Dickson, Li verpool, brig Motiauk, Crock* r. Ilurdeatix, tine brig Langdon Clie-vrs, Harrison, I’Jii inH-lphiu, brig Howell, Kruse, Havana, t>leam packet Georgia, Hollins, Haiti more. 07 THE A i i; r stT m RROII, A semi-monthly journal, devoted to Folilo Litera ture, Music, and useful intelligence, is published every oilier Saturday, by W. T, Thompson, at $3 per annum, in advance. If July 27 Augusta Ucnevolcnt Society. The fallowing are tho Visiting Committees ap pointed to act lor the present mouth : Division No. I.—J. W. Meredith, Cjrus Fife, Mrs. McCoy, and Mrs. Nancy Jones. Division !, o. 2,--Rev. C. F. Stnrges, Ur. E O.i borne, Mrs. E. Colo, and Miss E. Morrison. Division No. 3,—Samuel C. Wilson, Porter Flem ing, Mrs. Barna McKinne, and Mrs. E. W. Collier ■July 1 1 T S. STOY, See'y. {Ur During my absence drum the Slate, William H. Cuahney and Nathaniel Patten, are my autltot ised agents, for the transaction ol business connect cd with the, office of the Chronicle & Sentinel WILLIAM E to.\E> Augusta, July 7, 1838