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lIP WItLIA.II E. JONES. AUGUSTA, GEO., SATURDAY HORNING AUGUST 4, ISStit [Tri-w«ckly.]--V«I. 11-Ni. 04.
Published
( ’ DAILY. TRI WEEKLY AND WEEKLY,
1 At ,Yo. Broad Street.
Terms.—Daily pnpei, Ten Dollars per annum
in advance. Tri-weekly paper, at Six Dollars in
advance orscven at the end of the year. Weekly
paper,threo dollars in advance, or four at the end
of the year.
The Editors and Proprietors in tins city have
adopted the following regulations :
1. After the Ist day ol July next no subscrip
tion* wdl be received, out of the city, unless paid
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'2. After that date,-we will publish a list of those
who are one yearn or mole in arrears, in order to
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thaM so published, who do not pay up their ar
rears by the Ist of Jan. 1839, will be alriken off
the subscription list, and their names, residences,
and the amount they owe, published until settled,
the accout will be published, paid, which will an
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■ 4. From and after this date, whenever a subscri
ber. who is in arrears, shall be returned by a post
., master as having removed, or refuses to lake his
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; « fished, together with bis residence, the probable
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j tinned, and requests lus account to be forwarded,
the same shall be forthwith forwarded, an J unless
paid up within a reasonable lime (the facilities of
the mails being taken into consideration, and Ihe
, dist ancc of las residence from this place) lus name,
andthe amount due, shall be published ns above.
6. Advcrlisements wdl be inserted at Charleston
$ prices, with this difference, that the fi st insertion
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Kse 1 twelve lines.
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. insertion each time in the inside of the city paper,
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and chargcii at Inc rate of 75 cents for the first in
v*. seition, and 431 cents fur each subsequent inser
tion.
I 7- All Advertisements not limited, will bo pub
r lished in every paper until forbid, and charged ac
/ ’ carding to the above rates
8. Legal Advertisements will bo published as
follows per square;
Admr’s and Executors sale of Land or
Negroes, 60 days, SO 00
Do do Personal Property, 40 ds. 3 25
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‘Citation fur Letters, 1 00
do do Dismisory, monthly 6 mo. 500
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Should any of the above exceed a square, they
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9. From mid after the first day of Jan. 1839,
no yearly contracts, except for specific advertise
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10. We will ba responsible lootherpapers for all
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by them, and if advertisements copied by us from
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which the request is made to copy, and will receive
gjay for the same, according to their rates, and be
-responsible according to our own,
11. Advertisements sent to us from a distance,
witlt an order to bo copied by olher papers, must bo
accompanied with the cash to the amount it is
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or a responsible reference
A— OUIIOHIOLII A Mil «WWTI MI.'I
AUGUSTA.
Friday Morning, August 3,
STATE RIGHTS TICKET
FOR COXGIUtSS.
WM, C. DAWSON,
R. W. HABERSHAM,
J. C. ALFORD,
W. T. COLQUITT,
E. A. NISBET,
MARK A. COOPER,
THOMAS BUTLER KING,
EDWARD J. BLACK,
LOTT WARREN.
Speech ol Mr. Dawson.
We commence to day Ihe publication of
the excellent speech of the Hon. W. C Dawson,
of this Stale, delivered in the House of Repre
sentatives on she 31st of May, 1838, on the bill
making appropriation for the suppression and
prevention of Indian hostilities for the year 1938;
and to carry into execution the Treaty made
■with the Cherokee Indians in 1835, &c. His
defence of Georgia and her rights is such an one
aeevety Georgian will applaud; and which wilj
eccurc to hint the increased confidence and
•ateem of the people. Wo hope that no Geor
gian will neglect a careful perusal of it. for in so
doing they will be both interested and instructed-
The negro George, the property of Pleasant
Stovall, Esq, who was tried before the judges of
the Inferior Court, on Tuesday last, lor commit*
ting a rape on a white female, was found
Guilty, and sentenced to bo hung this day week
between the hours of 10 A M, and 3 P. M.
tfj" The amount of property destroyed by the
recent fire in Mobile is said to be about $100,000;
of which $56,000 was covered by insurance.
Fire in New Orleans.
The house of Capt. W. Brothers, at the corn
et of Terpsichore and Prylaneo streets, New
Orleans, was totally destroyed by fire on the
evening of the 28th. Lobs estimated at $3OOO
- John Jacob Aslor, with an enlightened and
liberal spirit that does him honor, has made to
the corpoialion of the city of New York a dona
tion amoun'ing to $350,000, for the establish
ment of a Public Library, including- a lot of land,
most eligibly situated, for the erection of h build
ing- for the accommodation of the institution.
Mineral Wealth of Nortli-Caroiinn.
A correspondent of tho Wilmington Adverti
ser says :—A lighter arrived from Fayetteville on
the 25th July, brought here to be shipped to N.
York, sundry boxes of Lead Ore and several pigs
of lead, from ihe mines recently discovered in
Davidson County. From the specimens we have
, seen, this lead is of very superior quality, and wc
are pleased to learn that the mineral is an exten
aive one and trust it will handsomely remunerate
ita enterprising discoverer and present owner, K
R. King, Esq. who also, it will be remembered
I
discovered the valuable Coppm Mines fiom which
quantities of copper arc constantly being sent to !
this place f.,r shipmen' ”
F- ‘
.» . * • i ' ~
Oeo. W. Hockley, Secretary of War of I lie
Republic ol Texan, has given notice that all olfi
cera belonging to the Army of Texas, on furlough
in the United States, or elsewhere, will report
forthwith to this department, by letter or in per
son.
We understand (says the Army and Navy
Chronicle) that Lieut. Col. Pierce declines the
promotion and tiansfer to the Bth regiment o*
Infantry, which had been bestowed upon him,
preferring to remain in the Artillery.
Fiiom Canada. —Col. Moreau was tried by jo
, ry at Niagara, convicted and sentenced to be hung
on the 30th August. The Court adjourned to
the Ist August, when 30 more will bo tried.
George Cooley, an American, was tried and
convicted of treason.
The Montreal papers contradict the report that
Lord Durham had declared himself in favor of a
union of the provinces. %
A messenger with despalches from his Lord
ship arrived in this city last night. The des
patches will he forwarded by the Royal William
Life Preserving Vest.
A new fashioned life preserver, in the shape of
an ordinary waistcoat, has been invented at Hart
( ford, Con. It is made like any common vest,
i with the exception that the breast and a portion
' of the hack arc lined with India rubber, which
' can be inflated by the breath in a few moments,
1 and as welt in the water as out of it. It is not
( intended that these shall he put on only when
, immediate danger threatens, but worn at all limns
I when traveling on the water, us the India rubber,
when uninflated, does not injure the appearance.
I —Baltimore American,
r
< Coal .11 1 no explosion.
! Halifax papers mention the occurrence of a
j melancholy accident at the Pictou Mines. Two
l young men, both about 22 years of age, were dcs
t cending into one of Ihe now range of [tits recent
- ly sunk by the company, for the purpose of direc
ting the course of some others who were at
woik completing a communication with the wa
’ ter pit intended to drain the new coal pits. They
had not descended above 30 feet, when one of
i them announced that his safety lamp indicated a
heavy pressure of gas. This announcement was
instantly followed by a terrilic explosion, by
1 which the two young men were thrown into the
| air to the height of 150 leet.—lnstant death was
i of course the result. At the time the explosion
i occurred, the mouth of the pit was surrounded
1 by people, eight of whom were severely wounded,
am) an old man whom curiosity attracted to the
spot, was so severely injured that he died almost
immediately after.
Fruits of Abolition
We learn from Adams county, Illinois, of an
i unfor'unate affray; connected with the bad spirit
1 existing in that quarter, between the Abolition
' isls and anti-Abolilionista, Two citizens of
Boone county; in this State, had pursued two of
, their runaway slaves to Bear creek, in the neigh
i herhood o( Quincy. When satisfied of their
i being discovered, the negroes, both of whom were
■ armed with rifles, took shelter in a hazel thicket.
Their letreat was soon surrounded by the citi
zens, who had engaged in the pursuit. As soon
?;S the attack win nf »t.n ..
ircoTus rifle, the contents of which were lodged
in the body of one of the pursuers. The wound
is said to he extremely dangerous. A shot from
the pursuers struck the body of one of the slaves,
and ho died in a few hours afterwards. The
other runaway, seeing resistance hopeless, gave
himself up to his owner,
A parly of Abolitionists, who had by this time
collected, now interfered to prevent the slave from
being taken back to his master’s residence.—
They insisted upon an examination before a mag
istrate, the proof of ownership, &c. hoping some
opportunity would bn given for the rescue or cs
tape of the slave. The aiili-Abolitionists oppos
ed any such proceeding; until from words the
parlies proceeded to blows, which were given and
returned with hearty good will. In the confu
sion of the scene, the owner of the slave was cb,
ahlcd to secure him on a horse, and made his es
cape to the ferry at Hannibal, which he crossed
on his way home. The parlies militant were
' left fighting when our informant came away.—
St. Louis Republican.
A striking instance of the value of the Life
boat, constructed by Mr. Francis of New York
was shown in the bay ot New York on Tues -
day. The Express stales that a few moments
after the sailing of the packet ship Louis
Phillippc, two men attempted to overtake her
to pul on board a Ln‘o iJoul, * lU| l' * or * 1 i er >
being unable to do so, made fast unucT (■“d
guard of the Staten Island steamboat, in order
to be towed ahead ot the ship so as to board
her. The boat being made fast 100 near the
wheels was completely buried in water, and
thrown about with such violence by the sea,
that it was thought best lo cut her loose. She
was now half a mile from the shore, full ol
water, and a heavy sea running. Notwith
standing tliis, she relieved herself of water,
rose to the surface, and tiie men pulled her to
the shore in safety. The boat is only 12 feel
long, built for the Louis Phillippe for the pur
pose of throwing overboard when a man falls
over. The men say, if they had been in any
other kind of a boat, they must have been
drowned. The wind was so high, that a sail
boat was upset a short distance oft', at the
same moment.
No steamboat nor packet vessel ought to
be without one or more of these valuable in
ventions. They are so constructed that it is
impossible to sink them with all the weight
of human beings that can be crowded into
them.— Balt. Amer.
One Thousand Dollars Reward.
Absconded on the 25th inat. from Washington
City the Sub* Treasury, taking with him six
receivers generals and forty aeven sub (receivers,
and six dozen iron safes,
“Where he is gone or purposes to travel,
Would puzzle John Fuustus to unravel."
Some say to the Far West, others lo the Thou
sand Islands, some declare they saw him on hoard
the Great Western.—The proprietor of Coney
Island writes us, 'that on Monday morning ho
saw a suspicious looking fellow answering the
above description, with a retinue of hungry look
ing chaps; orders were given immediately to clear
them out, and the proprietor has no doubt but
they shaped their course for New Hampshire,
where it is understood a vessel is rapidly fitting
out for Arabia.
The above reward will be paid in Benton
gold, lo him or they, who may apprehend the
above villain and safely lodge him in jail.
P. 8. The officers of the strainer Sirius will
k ep a vigilant look out for him.—A*. Y. Star ,
I iVfOTICE. —The undersigned, retired from the
j it mercantile association heretofore conducting
, business in this city, und r the name and style of
■ R f - Baldwin, on the 25th of July, tint.’
WILfJVM RMfMNSON.
' Augusta, July 31, ]«3b 3i
. . *
Speech of W. C. DAWSON, of Georgia,
On the Hill making appropriation fur the sup
pression and prevention of Indian hostilities,
far the year 1838, and to curry into execution
the Treaty made with the Cherokee Indians
in 1835, and to provide for their Itemoval,
tie.; and in vindication of the policy of Geor
gia towards the Cherokees. —Delivered in the
House of Representative!, in Committee of the
Whole, May 31, 1838.
Mr. Chairman: I am sure dial the com
mittee will cheerfully indulge me with a hear
ing on the bill now before us. The extra
ordinary latitude taken in the discussion, the
unkind if not illiberal imputations, yea, the
unprovoked and provoking attacks, repeatedly
made upon the authorities of Georgia, in re
ference to the policy of that State towards
the Indians within iter jurisdiction, nut only
justify, hut demand it of me. Sir, I deeply
regret the temper and character ot this dis
cussion; it lias given me no pleasure to hear
such representations of the legislation of the
State ot Georgia. I heard, with surprise, the
extravagant and enthusiastic eulogies pro
nounced on the Indians in contrast with
the whiles. Such unnecessary and highly
wrought comparisons and contrasts can only
result from a total ignorance of the subject,
or from a prurient disposition to be esteemed
the bold assailants of the supposed oppres
sors and the vindicators of the oppressed; a
propensity which must have many charms,
from the influence it seems to exert over
some gentlemen. These things would ren
der it inexcusable in me to remain silent.
The attacks thus made on my constituents, a
just sense of the injury and of tho resentment
due to such ruthless violations of tho respect
due to the feelings of others, by such ground,
less and unconrteous allegations, would make
me recreant to rny duty, and a traitor to my
constituents, if 1 were to remain silent. Ho -
nor, feeling, justice, and humanity have been
spoken of as being d sregarded, in the rela
tions between the white and the red man in
Georgia, by those who do not understand
those (relations, and, consequently, deserve
severe reprehension for their slanderous de
nunciations. Independent of these urgent
considerations, it is due to the position Toc
cupy as a representative of the Htute of Geor
gia, audio those who particularly sent me
here, that I should present the views 1 enter
tain on the subject. 1 will show that Geor
gia, in her legislation, has uniformly observed
a cautious and just regard (or the interest of
the Indians; controlled them by the princi
ples of humanity and justice; and that, what
ever kindness and liberality (compatible with
the rights of the Slate) would dictate, lias
been done.
To comprehend fully the rights of Georgia
to all the territory and the jurisdiction over it
within her chartered limns, and to present her
vindication fairly, it will be necessary to ex
amine into the rights belonging to the States
separately tcfore vlje (ormuugn of vhe PeCl-i
ral Constitution. I shall then show what has
been our State policy, and that this policy
has not been in violation of, or incompatible
with, ajust, a wise, and a liberal humanity.
11l this 1 shall coniine mysell chiefly to re
corded lacis, so uim, ii iiiy constitutional po
sitions be wrong, or the policy of the Stale
be ciuel or oppressive, both can |, R m-ily
controverted.
The first position which I shall assume, and
which 1 deem necessary to a lull understand
ing of tho right of jurisdiction of tho Stales
over the whole extent of their chartered li
mits, is, that at the time ot the formation ot
tho constitution of this confederacy, the
Stales were severally sovereign and indepen
dent. Each State being sovereign, was so,
not only over persons residing within their re
spective limits, but necessarily over the terri
tory. And what territory: Why, all thtd.
comprehended in the charter which granted
them political existence, as separate and dis
tinct Colonies under the Grown of Great Bri
tain. Within those chartered limits, the Stale
holding tho sovereignly held the jurisdiction.
The convention which formed the compact
of this confederacy bestowed on the Federal
Government the exercise of a portion of their
sovereign powers. To do this, the Slates must
have previously possessed it entire ; or how
else could they delegate it 1 The right to be
stow, implies clearly the pre-existing right to
hold; and the act of receiving, is of itself a
recognition of the power of the grantor.
Before the adoption of the Federal Consti
tution, the sovereign power must have been
liciu ii” respectively ; for the pow
ers exercised by this iiuv'C.Ttrjenl arC P.h do-1
rived from the Stales. The States, then, hav
ing delegated a part, retained all the powers
not thus delegated to the General Government
or prohibited by the compact to them.
The Slates, being then in the possession of
these powers, alter the adoption of the consti,
tution, had the original right, under the re:ain
ed sovereign powers, and also under the con
stitution of the United States, to exercise all
power not thus delegated. Georgia then, as
weh as the other States, had sovereignly and
jurisdiction within her limits, over both persons
and territory ; and the undoubted right to use
that jurisdiction, subject onlyto the limitations
ot the constitution ; hence, it is clear that the
State of Georgia, like all other states, or na
tions, has jurisdiction over all persons, white,
rcJ pr black, within her boundaries, and can
exercise that jurisdiction, by cxiending hot
civil and criminal laws over the entire popula •
lion, without distinction of color. There is
nothing in the constitution or the law of na
tions exempting Indians.
But aga u ; under the Constitution of the
(lulled yiales, Indians residing within a State
arc subject to taxation, at the will of the Slate
and alter taxation, they become, in part, Hie
basis of representation. I refer to the follow
ing clause oflhat instrument ;
Article 1. Section 2. Representatives and
direct taxes shall be apportioned among the
several Stales which may be included within
this Union, according to their representative
numbers, which shall be determined by adding
to the whole numhei of free persons, including
hose bound to service for a term of years, ami
excluding Indians not taxed, three-tifihs of all
other persons,
Th* power of taxation is one of the highest
and most important of sovereign attributes ;
and here, in the constitution, this power is cx- |
pressly recognised : does it not, then, neces.. |
tartly follow, that the power of taxation care ,
nes with it, not as an incident merely, but ab
solutely, the authority to create a tax, and to
regulate the .•’Escssment, and the other inci
dents necessary to the execution of the pow
er t If this be so, (and it is clear,) that the
Indians can bo U.red by a Sta'e, under whose
jurisdiction must they be I Let any cons itu
nonal lawyer, whose opinions are opposed to
these views, and'who thinks proper to enter
• • . *
i S 4 *r. .f
lII *"*V' ■
into this debale, come to the argument Idirly
and with candor—not as a partisan, or an eit.
ihusiast—and lam persuaded Ins investiga
tions will force linn to admit that tins power
, belongs to the States respectively. To my
mind, sir, it is beyond controversy.
! Then, Jby the Constitution of the United
Stales independent ot the original right of
sovereignty, inherent mid reserved to the
Stales under that instrument, the Slates re
spectively have the right of jurisdiction over
the Indians within their limits. This posi
tion involves the whole question of the Cher
okee controversy, so far as the Slate of Geor.
’ gia is particularly involved ; and 1 shall listen
(at the proper time) with great pleasure to
any gentleman who shall be pleased to con
trovert this position. But, sir, I apprehend
1 none will desire to meet the question thus pre
sented, but will prefer to indulge in the ex
pressions of the sympathies of the heart, and
not in the convictions of the understanding.
Under this right ot jurisdiction, Mr. Chair
man, notwithstanding the sympathies and
morbid sensibilities exhibited by gentlemen
in this debate, every old Slate in this Union
has, long since, exercised this very power, and
extended their laws over the Indians residing
within their limits; but, sir, none of the tender
feelings ani yearning sympathies ore, in these
days, indulg’d by our political enthusiasts and
religious faintics at home: it is one ot the
characteristics of those under the influence of
this malignant philanthropy, to disregard
their own actings and doings, and the con
duct of those immediate'y around them ;ancl
their distempered humanity and mistaken
sympathy are sent abroad in search of their
objects.
in days that have passed away, we were
taught that charity should begin at home. It
is not so now; n begins any wbero else than
at home. Hence it is that our people, in cer
tain sections, ore found intermeddling with
the affairs of others; shedding tears over the
condition of those whom they have never
seen,and whose comforts and pleasures fur
exceed those of three-fourths k of the world. I
trust 1 shall be pardoned for this disgrcssion.
If there be a State among the old thirteen
which has not extended her jurisdiction over
the Indians, I usk any member from that Stale
to rise in his place, and stale the fact. Who
will do it? No one sir.
The history of the States has recorded it ;
many of them did so betorc the adoption of
their own constitutions; yes, sir, before the
formation of the articles of 'the confederacy.
To prevent a State from the exercise of this
jurisdiction, and its enforcement, you must
show the inhib tion in the constitution ofthe
United Slates. 1 usk gentlemen to point out
in that instrument, the clause which prohibits
a State from exercising this power. It cannot
be shown. 1 assume, then, this position, that
tho Indian tribes within the chartered limits
of u state, are not sovereign and independent.
Sir, no member on this floor, who regards his
refutation os a statesman, would ycnf'VPS iiie
opinion that Indian tribes within a State, and
especially within one ofthe old thirteen, arc
not subject to the laws of that State, by virtue
of their sovereignty. Once admit that posi
•ton, and our iiluub of discovery and conquest,
. ami all their consequences full.
r Tho legislation ot the States lias closed the
inyiiuiorU, nun it lo an iii.p.,ri ant historical
j truih, which these enthusiasts and families
ought to recollect, that the Indians within the
, thirteen Slates, and the lands in their oc
. cupaucy, have for years been regulated by
i the laws of [be States in which they reside,
I and riot by treaties; lind, sir, notwithstanding
all what wo have heard to the contrary, (iuur
ffta/ yes, sir, .jeorjin! — was nut only among
the last, hut the very lost of the old thirteen,
to lake on hcrscll the regulation ofthe Indi
ans hy law; and yet Georgia has been censu
red, abused, and slandered, for doing that,
which her sister Slates hud done, and long
persevered in, before she even contemplated
it.
1 will bo excused, I trust, for adverting to a
few historical tacts in reference lo this point,
not fur the purpose of censure or reproach,
but to show others that Georgia was far more
tardy than themselves in establishing this
principle of jurisdiction.
Massachusetts liersull, at an early period,
and whilst she was a colony, extended her
laws over every tribe of Indians within her
borders; nay, more, she limited their rights
of occupancy lo so many acres oflandfap
pointed guardians for them; among other pro
hibitions, made it penal for an Indian lo be
) come intoxicated, and if found eo, he was lia
ble to s/r'pef, Many seemingly rigorous ftno '
oppressive laws were enacted by that State
lo regulate and control those Indian tribes.
The fanatic of the present day would weep
over the misdeeds of those who have gone be
fore us, mid ask of Heaven to look in mercy
on them? What weakness! what ridiculous
sanctity ! Sir, I have a deep and sincere re
gard lor our I’untan forefathers; they have,
for centuries, been the theme of eulogy and
eloquence; but the restless, intermeddling,
morbid philanthropist of litis generation, de
nounces them as deamons. It is the part of
wisdom and of duty to regard our ancestors
with respect, and to have a sacred regard for
their character and their virtues. Every age
and section of the world must be controlled
and governed by the existing causes and cir
cumstances which surround them; and he is a
useless and troublesome fool, who disturbs so,
eiety hy his hypocritical winnings and cant
ings over the tranagrepsons, as he supposes,
of his progenitors, or the actings and doings
of his cotcmporanes, because they value com
mon sense, and totally disregard his Biekiy
ond wicked intermeddling with the affairs of
others, and his absurd attempts to change the
destiny of the world. I have no doubt Mas
sachusetts acted towards the Indians accor
ding lo the necessities of the times, tho char -
acter, the feelings, and relations existing ben
tween them; yet, under these lawp, and the
influence of civilization, though designed for
a different effect by the good people of that
State, their Indian tribes have yielded to their
destiny, ond hive been swept away from the
face ofthe earth.
Virginia, one of whose representatives (Mr.
Wise) has spoken with so much zeal oil this
subject, and who has travelled out of his
wav to comment severely on the legislation
' of Georgia, has long since extended her ju
risdiction over the Indians; limited their rignts
; ot occupancy to fifty acres; and yot Her rep,
rescnlativc seems to have forgotten it. His
j renmrko shall receive my attention before I
j conclude.
New York, loo—ts it necessary for mo to
| show an intelligent body what haa. he«a
her legislation? Her statutes arc known; stie>
has extended and exorcised her jurisdiction
over the Indian. 3 in 'he fullest manner, and
yet, Iroin that State, Georgia baa been de
nounced and rebuked. Sir, I assert it, and
history will sustain me, that the Indians with
in the limits ol Georgia have been treated, by
that Slate, with as much liberality, justice
and humanity, as those of any other State. 1
, will be excused for adverting briefly to the
history of the past; lam necessarily driven
into it from the course pursued towards the
Stale which I represent,- 1 shall, therefore,
review a few of the statements made, and bring
into contrast the conduct of Georgia with
th?t of other S'ates, as well in their course
of policy as their moral justice towards the
aborigines; for 1 claim to he the rcpresciita
ive of a people, whose moral character and
reputation will nut be subjected to reproach
by a comparison with that of any other people.
Sir, as a Georgian, one who loves his State, ,
and knows well the character of her people, I can (
hut feel indignant at the unfounded charges which ,
have been bo profusely lavished upon her. What '
has she done to authorise those groundless, inju- |
rious, and calumnious charges? Has she pur
sued t policy different from other stales ? Where
ate those mighty tribes that were once seen on
cv.ory hill and in every valley, roaming in (be I
forest, And pursuing the game on every mountain- |
top in the stale of Masiachuselts ? Yes, «lr, tell !
me where are the IVssamaquoddics, the I‘enub
scots, and numerous other tribes ? Swept away,
gone, extinct; and how? Look to the statute
books of Massachusetts, the history of her legis- !
lation, and the history of her people. There you ,
can find the causes. Those who are weeping ,
over the oppressions of the Cherokccs, and asking (
Congress to abrogate the treaty, may find food
for llieir sympathy ; scenes over which to shed
their tears ; outrages and violence, which may
strike them with horror. Dul still, there were J
reasons in the then existing stale of tilings to
palliate, if not to justify nil this. The friend of |
Christianity and civilization cannot sorrow for the |
change, It is true that a mighty change has
taken place. The forest has disappeared ; beau
tiful fields now gladden the eye ; the wigwam and
the savage are gone; the church and the Anglo-
Saxon occupy tlieir places. Civilization, with all
its arts, beauties, pleasures, comforts, and glory,
has spread its irresistible and predestinated power *
over the home of the rod man ; and under its in
fluence he has dwindled away, without much
change in his moral condition. It was his des- (
liny. I.ot those who so anxiously fed for the
Chcrokeos, and whose petitions have loaded your
desk, remember the days when even the Puritans
were driven by savage cruelties to the coinmissien
of deeds which the heart shudders at. That may
admonish them ot the indelicacy of speaking un
kindly of other states or other people. Compari -
sons arc unpleasant. It is not my object to dis
parage others, but tgt vindicate my native stale.
Let me advise the benevolent inlcrmcddlcrs in the
affairs of the Mouth, and especially in the business
of Georgia, to attend to their own afl'airs, and 1
am sure they can find employment for ail their
charily, benevolence, and sympathy. It is not
with teelinga of shame and reproach, but with
| pride and exultation, that 1 look buck upon the
I'-T." fr.r'eeaiancc, the gynerous kindness, and ;Ji e
| enlightened humanity, of my native stole, in her
* intercourse with the Indians; and I hesitate net |
! to sny, that whenever a demand shall ho really I
: made, not fur crocodile leuis, but for real sympathy j
and friendship, nowhere on this broad continent |
, will sucli demand tie mure promptly iviul liberally I
met lima in lire state ot Georgia,
c Will the gentleman from Rhode Island, whose
tl constituents have petitioned this body to rescue
H the Ci'if t, ‘‘- bom the cm,i,l ll v „,>.I ,
■' ' - . . W...V4 V..V41 it(s 01
c Georgia, and to interpose and slay her oppress
sions towards that tribe, permit mo to say that it
y is exceedingly strange that such censures should
t, ,u inflicted upon a stale by those wbo, certainly,
r are ignorant of many of the facts? These nil
- welcome allegations are too grave to let pass nn
, noticed ; a proper spirit would dictate to itiOse
, petitioners the moral uttrocity of arraigning the
* character ul a whole people, without u knowledge
o( the fads which would justify unchiirituhleiiess.
Is there no reason why Rhode Island should
, exhibit a modest diffidence on this subject ? l,cl
j her remember the destiny of (but warlike and
noble tribe, the JVurragansotU, which once proudly
traversed flic hills and plains around that hcauli
tut and capacious buy, between points Second
and Judith; whose canoes alone, for centuries,
| floated on its otherwise undisturbed waters; a
tribe which was the Ivnor ul the whiles. Tell
* me not ol tho cruelties and oppressions of the
Gherokees—of the patriotism ol their white duels.
i Go and read the lute of your own Indian wins;
the fate of noble Miantonirno, a chief of the War-’
lagansell tribe; the treachery which produced his
death; and inquire wliu abetted his destiuciim.
Then tell rno whether there is more of effrontery
or decency in forgetting these tilings, and making I
a crusade into Georgia, in search of oljccta over '
which you may sympathise. The religious la..
' hatic is more all object of pity than hatred ; but /
the political agitator, who thus acts for mere parly r
purposes or for individual notoriety, deserves the '
execrations of mankind. 1 censure not the pco- '.!
pie, under the protection of whoso humanity and ~
Christian philanthropy this distinguished tribe i
have disappeared, like the cloud of the morning,
before tho sun ; that same kindness, under the
same circumstances, would again produce the
same result. To preserve the race from exlcrtni
nation, you must plant them beyond the influence
of the white man.
Look at Connecticut; yes, sir, that land ol
“ steady habits,” the theatre of many pleasing as
sociations to me; she, 100, has made sy inpalbising *
remonstrances against the Cherokee nealy, ulleg
ing fraud in the Government, and demanding o
Congress to stay Georgia in her course and in
her Indian policy, and to prevent ihe pe pelralion !
of further outrages on the Indians. The repro
scntaiives of that Stale, I (rust, will not consider
mo unkind in asking, “where is the last of the ~
Mohrgans?” the early friends of the white man 1
tho hones of their ancestors—the burial grounds
of their chiefs—where are they ? Penalizing the
fields of the town of Norwich—whore once was
to he seen the grave of Uncas, tho honored friend >.
arid confiding ally of New England in her early »
days. To history I commit theii memory. Al- *
ready has “the last of tho Mohcgatia,’’ been
commemorated in story. The annals of no btatc
in this Union are more strongly marked with acts ,
ot harshness, oppression, and cruelly towards the
Indians than that of Connecticut. Perhaps ma
ny palliatives for these apparent harhariiies are to
lie found in the ferocious character ot ihe savage,
and their unrelenting antipathies to our race. My
object is not to charge the early settlers of that
section with cruelty and inhumanity, but only to
remind their descendants, their kirn-men of th’s
day, who obtiusivoly and unkindly speak of tho
State of Georgia in teims of rrproach, that the
Cherokeos have much cause for thankfulness that
their residence has been in Georgia, and not in ,
“the land of steady habits.”
Mr. Chairman, were you not surprised when
you hoard the voice of New York’ Why, her
boldness amazed me. She cried aloud and spared '
not—Georgia. I speak of the petitions forwarded 1
to this House, and now on the Clerk’s desk, they 1
speak.of oppression, cruelty, and fraud. Lot me '
► turn the glass to her, and ask her to sco herself
i as other*see he-, and to examine h<-r»elf-before i
1 bht complains ot tho improprieties of others.
Dors she not perceive Iho great difference between
precept and example! It must not be considered
illiberal in ml! to inquire alter the Neneca*, one of
the confederated tribes ol the Nix Nations. Will
the representative from Buffalo tell me in what
part of ibis Union that powerful confederacy now
exists? VV'hnl has been the destiny of that dis
tinguished chit f ilcrl Jacket? whose honor and
honesty were untouched and unsullied—now
mouldering in his grave—and nothing left of the
Irtl'ii hut Ins portrait, now hanging in your Indian
gallery. It would be useless to trace the desiiny
ol the Tuscaroros, Oneidai, Onondagas, Cayu
gas, Ac.; a few remain as miscralflt) monument*
of the numerous tribes which, at one period, were
the lords of the Empire State. Their hunting
ground* are now decorated with splendid cities,
beautiful towns, plentiful fields,a dense, thriving,
an intelligent population. Go and visit (h* wes
tern part of that Sta'c—the inheritance of these
tribes; will philanthropy sicken and weep over
the change, or mourn at the prosperity of ou/
race! Who will sigh when he heholda the mag
niticent churches, temple* of the true Ood, erec
ted on soil once the heritage of ■ race that knew
not Christianity 1 That race has dwindled, but
few remain—-they are gone—“the places that
knew them once shall know them no more forevt
cr.’* Who occupies their lands? and how wee
that occupancy obtained—by treaty or contract?
If ao, to whom was the consideration paid? Not
to the Indians, for they are poor and dependents
And yet gentlemen from that Stale apeak of the
South, and especially Georgia, ns being illiberal
and Inhumane; and insinuate, in lofty tones, that
we are violators of justice and humanity. Is
this kind?—is it right? It is one of the devices
nl (ho world to conceal our own improprieties by
diverting the nllcnMon to others! I>ut it is the part
ut wisdom, and one of (ho obligations of duty,
to sliive nl least to know one’s self; An observk
nnce of this precept would have shielded Georgia
from the attacks or censures of New Yotk. Let
her remember the moral of the “glass house.”
[To he Continued )
COMMERCIAL.
U « have been politely furnished by n mercantile
Inusjof lliis city, with the following circular:
Liverpool,, Juno 30th, 1838.
As wo now write chiefly lor the steam vessel
Koval William, to start on the rah proximo, we
slmll give the sales of Cotton, for the hist thrun
weeks. The soles from llio'.Mh to the Kith inst. ns
billow : SUO Sea Island, 15d a 2s 3d; lilt Stained,
71 n l. r < ; 4840 Upland, 5i a 8f ; 831)0 Orleans, 51 a
8?; 3300 Tennessee and Mobile, 51 a 71, 25 at 9d ;
630 I’ornsmbueo, 84 a 91; fait) liidiiu and Muenio, 8
it 81 ; 220 Miinii.liam, 7 n II; 40 Demnrnra, UI; (ill
West Inilh, 7! n 81; 420 l.nguira,? n 81; 590 b'.gyp
linn, 9 n 12; 50 Peruvian, HI; 140 Madras, 41 a si;
21411 Surat, 3i « 51. ToUil amount 21180 bags; of
w hich 2000 American, mid 300 Surat, were bought
by speculators; and 450 American, and 700 Surat
for export.
The sales from the 16th to tlic22d mat. inclusive,
ns follow ; 240 Sen Island, 15dn 2s 9d; 40 Stained,
On 12; 7740 Upland,s} a8; 5990 Orleans, 51 nH, ! ,
10 nl 91; 3190 Tennesson ami .Mobile, 5j a 81; 75.)
Pernnmlmeo, 81 a 91; 220 Jlnliia and iVfueuio, 71 a
Hi; 40 JVlnraiiliiun, 7? a 81; 10 Uenmmra, |Of;2OW.
India,sJ • 3t) Peruvian. Gl; 200 Kagnirn, 71 u Hi; 30
Smyrna, Gl; 330 Kgyplian, 91 n 121 ; 1820 Surat, 4‘
t a 51; GO Madras, 41 a 51; and 20 Bengal, 5 Total
i 197 lO bags; ol which 2000 American went to spec*
I olatnru, and 950 do. and SGO Surat to exporters
j Though the amount .if laisinets transacted during
; the two weeks mentioned, w'us very lair, still (be
I market was Hal throughout, and prices, particularly
1 of the lower ipmlitics, not m all instuneeyt supported.
The sales this wo k as follow ; 140 Sea Island,
Is H'j a 2s 8.1; 35 Stained, 7 u 10; 1900 Upland,sl.u
’ B', ’ ’rlf.Vns, o. a 9 ; 1800 Tennessee and Mo-
I bile, 51 a 71, 50 ut 81; GJO Pernambuco, 81 a9l ;
, 220 Baliiaand Muenio, UJ a Hi; 130 iMnrunlium, 71
, a 91; 20 Peruvian, HI a 9; 30 Kaguiru, 81 ; 100
, Keyplinn,9l a 12; 140 Madras,43 «53; 1020 Sural,
41 a 51 ; 50 Bengal, 3.1. Total, 14100 bugs; ol
i which speculators look about 30(i bales American,
and exporters 400 do. and 50 Bengal. The market
• Hat tlirongliont. The ueeonnls of trade at Man
; cheater, Arc. are, on llte whole, lint rndiffe/otlt. 'J'ho
cliief safes making in Upland and iMoliilc, are four
5.1 to Gl, nnil in (Orleans from 5 1 In Gl
We are told by Ilia lute accounts from America
that tbo Banks there euniemptato making a mono
poly of this great staple. As enemies to monopolies
of all (loser ptions; wo wish they may make the at
tempt, which w o behove mast lead to certain failure
and through which the business would then frill
beck into its legilimaio channels. Our prices uru
now little above those oflhe middle of April last;
or, in other words, the lowest prices of this year,-
end with such a stock of American cotton as our
present, and such a prospect of supply for the r«
inninder of I lie yenr, we do not see that any reason
able expectation of improvement i an be entertained.
The monopolists may succeed, but we doubt it.
The import of all sorts ol cotton into to the king
dom, sinca the Ist January, amounts to 9GIOOO,
bales, against 790,090 received during the first six
months of 18)7 ; mill of American cotton alone wo
have received 824,000, against G 15,000 bales.
The sleek of all kinds at this pert, rts at present
estimated, amounts to about 4G4,000 bales, against
374,000 (Ids limn last your; and of American, wo
appear to have 381,001), against 248,000 bales.
Upland, ordinary to raii.dlirig lair, 51 a 51, fair to
good (air Gl a GJ.good to firm 7,1 a 74; Orleans,ordi
nary to middling lair 5i a 51, lair to good (air GJ a
71, good to fine?} a HI; Mobile, ordinary to nod
riling fair 5J n 51, fair to good liiir Gs a 71, good to
(iao 7j n 8; Tennessee, ordinary to middling fair 5,
u 51, fair to good lair 51 a Gl, good to line Hi a 0;,
!Sea Island, 15d a 22d,and firm 2s a2s Gil per lb.
[ From the Constitutionalist. J.
Stock of Cotton
In . 'lngnstu ami Hamburg on Ihe Isi (ash
1838. 1837.;
In Auguslu, 11,408 22 965
Hamburg, H7l 3,8f1l
On wharf, bouts, Ac. * 282 0O
Total stock, 7,361 26,826
Shipments of Colton
Crum Augusta and Hamburg to Savannah and
Charleston, from Ist. Oil, 1837 toSUtJu'y, |s3B
1838. 1837
From Ist to 31 si July, . ■■
To .Savannah, 4.508 11,300
Charleston, by boat*, 475 0(1
“ by Rail Road, 2,918 621
7,901 11,921
Ship'd fin Ist Oct.,
£ to I st July, 194,081 127,171
Total shipmciiis, 201,982 139,092
Kewlpt of Cotton
At. Augusta and Hamburg, from I< t CM to Ist nut
I*B3. 1937
Stock on hand lit inst. 7,361 26,828
Shipped from Ist Oct. to
Ist inst. 201,383 139,093
209,343 155,918
Deduct stock on hand I t
October, 183? 19,538 3,3 a 0
Total Receipts, 139,815 162.528
~ v. ■ . 7 -T-t- —I
lET FEK.SOX WHKHII'F’S SALE.
117 /GL hr Bold on the Gist Tuesday tn Soni-m- . «•
» V bur next, nt the market house in r.onißvme,
within thn usual hours ol sale, the fallowing pro|o
ertv, io wit nx hundred and fort* acre, of land
on the waters of Ogrealty, adjpitunz Covington,
and others; l«y«d.on as the- ttroperty of Sa-ine'
U'slden, to satisfy sundry ft fawr of Jn'lvn
H Newton vs. on.d Lew made and* ,
tijrrwfd to me by n •'ouj«fablo.
J ilx Ifi, 1838 'td l ' ' Sllir