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A/.aika, Habersham eo, } August 30, 1838. S To Mitisn. Whitten, Morris, Cnoj<tr and Dean, Committee: Gentlemen, —I have received your cuui. municttiou, covering n resolution ol tlio meet, mg ol’llic citizens at UurnoeviTe, on Hie Ckli inst, by which I mu ciilieil upon lo express my opinions on ccrtnin points therein spenllcd Ity the lust mail, I received, through the pub lic prints, a like call from ccrimn ol my fellow citizens, of’ the county ol Taliaferro : 'I o those rails, I cannot (or a moment hesitate lo respond. The instant I consented lo become a candulule lor (hmgress, every citizen became entitled to kno.v my political opinions. In replying, therefore, to you, I avail myself ol the occasion, freely and lolly to spread those •opinions before the whole people ol Georg a ; and I am not unwilling, ini l . aiiX'nus, lint they should reach the eye or lie: ear ol every citi zen of the Hi ate. Ilv those opinions, l am willing to gland or lull, accord log to the judge • iiicnl of an honest and independent people.— By many, perhaps by wlndo counties, these opinions will never be hoard ; but opinioni, w.ll be rent to ibein as wine, as mil■ ko to mine, as hlaclt to white. Beit so. li I declare them folk, and fairly, and honorably, and aeud them forth to he published, 1 have d.schargcd my «tnly to my conscience, and my obligations, in that regard to my fellow citizens. 1 premise the views I am about to give, with no proses-ions of sincerity, or ol devotion to the interests of Georgia. I’lofessimis am no' worth a s'rtiw. I was horn in Georgia, - I have mi interests but (ie,/igni intercuts; I re side in her mountains, whore there are no Banks ; and f own not n dollar ol Bank Slock, my prosperity and welfare, and ihal of my children, are last linked in with the pro-pen (y ol Georgia. II these me not suliicient guar anties tor my ho icsly and fidelity lo I he Slate, no professions I tun make would give you a belief security. liilhe course of my remarks, i may express opinions mi mailers not called lor hy the impn. rers. If I give more than yon ask, you can not complain. It lam forced lo impugn the opinions ot olhers, I will do it resperllu ly, I mean to impugn no man’s motives ; all I ask, k the benefit of the golden rule, ‘that others will no unto me, as 1 would do unit* them. I will now proceed to answ’ei iho empirics.’ The first is re] a live lo the constitutionality of a United iSlates Bank. As the President, it is wo'l understood, will veto any lull which may pass Congress for that purpose, and il I am elected, my term of service will end with Aiin, my opinion or vote will, probably, not he railed for, or, il called (or, will he ol no avail. But yon have asked for it, ami you shall have il, and that as plainly ns I can give it lo you. I - ',very one knows that the Constitution was acoiiipromiec of conflicting interests and views lo effect a more purled union between llnr teen sovereign ami independent Hlalrs. The ■host evidence of Iho moderation mid love of country of our ancestors is I lint such a union, under iho circumstances was formed at all;; the best evidence of their wisdom, that it lilts been preserved so long; and the lies! hope <<l I heir children, I Lint it may continue forever ns they formed nod left nto us. It would never have been adopted, il they had not agreed up on a particular rule, ns the basis of the whole siriiclurc —it will never be preserved, If that rule is not strictly adhered lo and enforced, Ity their posterity. 'Clint great role is, (lint while all powers were ginuled to the Federal Government which were necessary for the safety and welfare of the whole, and which could only he used effectually l»y one common head—no power should be grunted, or oxer cib'Od lo prulPUl bi 11.0 ol* om .Stale or section, at the expense of any oilier. Powers were specified* mid Congress was vested with further power lo make all laws necessary and proper lor carrying into execu tion the specified (towers. NV it bout this Inst vlnuse, the Constitution would he hot waste paper ; but like tunny oilier good things, it lias been most grossly m rverted and misrepre sented. Souse have made it to give all pow er; some no power til all; us usual, tho truth lies in the middle. The law, lo be constitu tional, musi be holh necessary and propel —not , necessary or proper. It must not only be nec essary lor (he end, but proper, flint is just ; which is one ol the meanings of the word 'proper, ami in my opinion the true meaning, in il is there used m Urn constitution. Just, dor in exercising the necessary power, Con- , gress must not invade the rights or privileges Tcsoryml lo tlio Slates. In the contest lor power, necessary has preserved Ms name, but lost its ipminetcr ; pop<-r bio: uol only lust its character,hut its name. Tim Supremo Court on this very <(ueslioii of the Bank, changed it into "appropriate.” General Jackson found the Pel Bank system, a very Jit instrument to break down the Bank of tlio United Slates ; and Congress found the Force Bill, and the Army mid Navy very convenient to sustain the Tariff and to put. down nullification. Thus “proper”first became “appropriate,” llieu “lit” then “convenient;" —which lust means nil n consolidatiomsl can desire. I will give unto Ciesar ‘.bat. which is t 'le-mr's—not one jot mine There is no express power granted lo Con gress to establish a Bank—has it the implied power, under the clause above referred to ? General Washington, as Pres dent, sanction ed the charier of the first Bank of the United States; -Mr. Madison, the charter of the late Bank—wh ch last was advocated by Mr. ('raw ford, and by Mr. Calhoun, the present great author advocate of Iho specie clause ol what is now called the Sub- Treasury l'» d. I bus all these distinguished mm, under the solemn sanction ot Ilnur oaths ol office, pronounced these charters its not only constitutional but expedient: If Mr. Calhoun erred then, he may err now ; at any inle, I am neither at raid nor ashamed to ho tumid in such good com •prniy. I believe that a Bank of llie I oiled States, milder proper restrictions, is a necessary aid of the Treasury tor two purposes: first, lo •enable it to transfer ns muds with facility, safely, ami cheapness, from points where they arc not wanted, to remote points where they are wanted; and secondly, to give to Hie whole country a currency of equal, or nearly equal value every where; that while tho Go vernment receives its lull dues m n medium at pur value, the importer at the North shall not procure that medium without cost, while the importer at the South shall be obliged to pay five orlen per cent, to obtain il; ns was lately, and perhaps, is now, the case. Is this lie uutfoim ly of the duties intended l.y Hie con stitution, and can the South, under sueh cir cuuiitnnees, hope lo compute wijli the North m the foreign lraJ< ! But youw.ll ask, limv is this equality lobe established ami maintaiiiiid? 1 answer that nil experience has proved that H can only he procured and maintained throng , |s :i:i | ; ‘ |)( the United States; a.i 1 the same experience has also proved, that it is only by the aid of such a B iuk, that the Treasury cun he p.. r . tnancntly aide to make its transfers to i uuotc points, with facility. clie.qme->. and sabuy. I ■ make tlse assertion in bib confidence ol itsj | truth nt.il challenge proof to the contrary. : All other means hitherto tried to effect tlieho , important objects, have failed. The i’t'l Hmks asllicy arc called, with the aid ol ilnriy | million* of public depos tes (ailed, mid 'he i Government will probably lose several iml- I lions by lb ■ experiment. The wagoning spo i cm across the mountains, and iraiispo'ling it ' by Men are, 1 think you will all admit, neither ! n very cheap, expeditions, nor very trite mode of transferring tlie public funds, espec ally in limes of war; when both sah iy end dispa'cli may be all important. An exclusive specie circulation, which was Knggm led as the pro per and cmi-lilnliomil inmle ol i qmliz no the [ i currency,was nicknamed the Benton lliim i bug, nod was immediately rejected by a I a- I impract cable, and by tiior;) person? as ruinona i to ibe prosperity and trade ol' the whole coun try. Under the existing syslem, can these ' great objects he accomplish' d without the aid of a United Slates It ink, obliged by its char ter In furnish a h* mi ml medium of circulation, 1 and to liniisfer the public funds promptly and cheaply to any point required by the Treasu rer? ilvcry merchant knows that lulls of ex change fur large amounts cannot always he 1 pun.liiiKil, or if purchased, can only he oh. 1 tained at large and ruinous premiums. With -1 j out such a Hunk, Ihe < Jovernment will he nidi 1 j ged to purchase hills for remittance on tin \ j same terms as the merchant, and he subject tn 1 ; the same inconveniences, delays, and losses. I | If I am right in these views, a I! ink of tin I IJnded Stales is a nwsmry aid to secure In ’ j the country an i rju il circulation, and to tin I j Treasury, its just dues, and a cheap, sale, ami expedili " s mode of in iking its transfers; and in lift) people of line .South an equably in tin ’ payment of duties. Tor these purposes aw I ’ lln senium:, I consider the power to create n ’’ Bank a necessary power. But it niiist not only he a necessary, hut a proper power, that is, it most he so used, that 1 while the B ink tan accomplish these nones -1 siry ( mis, it emnml interfere with, or control the r ghis reserved to IJm Stales. A charier H may he coiistilirional on its face, and yet the Bank may im! redly he gifted with powers, which are contrary lo Iho spirit of the con i’ stiintion. I will illustrate this by the Tardl acts. No one doubts the constitutional power ’ of Congress to lay ami collect, duties, That ’ power is expressly given -Hint, power, howcv er, must be Jincted to an anioiint necessary for the wants of the Treasury. To go beyond Ibis for the purpose of protecting and foster -1 ing urn.d.htelurcd m one section, at the ex* penito of another section, is a violation ol the fundamental rule I have laid down, and in my opinion, and io the opinion of most, it' no I all ol you unconstitutional, unjust and onpres sive to the planting interest. Vet n * court would pronounce such an act constitutional, because not vviihm its province to deieiminu the prec se anioiint, reipnsitc to meet the wants of I lie Government. »So with the charter of the laic Hank of the United Slates, 'J’ho powers grunted on the (aeeol the Instrument, i were proliahly all such rs any court would de cide to he constitutional, and yet It did pos sess the power, indirectly, not only to regn kite and control the State institutions, but ’to rinse or depress the market in any particular place or Stale, almost nt will; a power not granted to t ’migress, and therefore not grant, "hie by Congress to tlie Hank. This indirect power, as I conceive, was derived in a great measure, if not altogether, from Iho almost exclusive right of the It ink, under its char ter, to receive and pay out the public monies, and varied from lime to time, as the public deposilos were increased or diminished. That •his power was ever used improperly, I do not mean to say; lor I do not believe that any iii btitntinn was ever managed with more ability anil more honesty, tha t) ,; great, ends for which it. was established, than Unit institution was, under the charge of Mr. Ulieves, and afterwards of Air. Biddle; but the hist named gentleman, in his late cotton speculation, which I think was both honora ble to himself and beneficial to yon, has given yon a hint of what, could be done, in tin ” ex ercise of such a fovver, by a board of New Vork or I’hi adelphia merchants, not quite so honest as himself. If lam right in the source lium which this mischievous and unconstitu tional power was derived, remove that, and \ you have a Bank with all the necessary capo,- | cities fur doing good, without the capability , of mischief. If the refusal to give the Bank a right by its charter to receive and pay out the public monies, is what, is called a dinirce of llio (iovernment from the Banks, then 1 uni in favour of the divorce. Tins divorce lias been objected to By many who dread tho in licence of the President more than that of the Hank. Hut whether the funds are depo sited in the United .Stales Hank, m a Stale Hunk, or locked up in sales, the Secretary of the i’reusury, or I lie I'renoirer cun ulways draw them, without being questioned; and it these oHicers are cm nipt, and the creatures of the President, they arc just, as much subject to his influence in one place as m another. (ir’ii. Jackson look the depositus by force from the lute Hank, mil. because hr could not con trol them while in its vaults, (fur the very tart of taking them proved that Im could control them nl will) but to weaken mid destroy the Hanks. 't here was another privilege accorded to the Bank by the Supremo Court which I he. In;ve is e.oiiitui v nt least to the spirit, ol the constitution. I allude to the freedom from taxation by the S afes. To have protected it from a greater lax than the State Hanks were subjected to by their own l.egisla'iires, would have been just and mmstitnuaiuil; hut ’j l" exempt it from all taxation, wusg vingil 1 greater privileges than the constitution se | cures to u e.lizen of one State, having proper ;ty or business in another. Tlie charier oindit , also to require of the Bink the payment’ll! H . p ' ‘HI ns obligations under a mveii amount at any o( its otlices at which they ■ may ho presented, no mailer where issued, or j where payable, I think a chillier; subject to the leslmaions I ,i\e stated, would ho in accordance with | the spirit ot the constitution; and as such a Hank is necessary to the Treasury foMhe two purposes I have named, I think it would, ii/irn so be expedient. In determin ng upon this question ot expe diency, it behoves the ;jeo|rto of Geonrin to consider well, the situation in which llaw are pa-ed Kxpcnence has prove d, that as a general rule, the paper of our S ate Banks even when they pay specie, will not circnhlt’ •« p ir, lunch beyond mir uwn Our neighbor. Smith Ciudma, has s enred heiseil a great Hank ol Twelve Millions of ’'liars < apital, with the privilege of estah r branches in North Uarolimt omi Ten. ne.ssoe, the paper of which will circnhito at par, „r ahove it in all those .States, and per i'Uioni; t-hc therelnre requires no I mted Smites Hank to give her a par cifeu. .itiun "I those bentos m which it will be most X 1 ' K ' r • "ho Uarnl.mi merchant w l take the paper of thts.Bank, which he will ob. Wo-?m' r T" ' ° lns m thu I y .-m n'l'.um-t. paying away the same , 1 ■’ " ’ : certainly without J K -'s. 1 lie merchant ul Georg,a will go into - . the eamo market wilh our State Bank Bills, j which cost turn also par at home, but being l there below par, be meat submit to a discount; / or Ire must draw specie from our Banka lo use . ■ in that trade, and thereby cripple them. 1 • arn no merchant myself, hot it strikes me |ba> - the result must be,to throw the whole Wes t tern trade into the hands of Carolina C>ur j r only chance of escape from this, is in the ; • j notes of the Insurance Hank ot Columbus, ] i < which, hacked by the United S aU;s Bank of i I Vnmylxnnia, will command credit in the ' ; West, heenusc receivable in Philadelphia. . Tint Bank has now branches in semrul of j your cilies, and the very capability la com- , j maud aen d 1 in the West, will enaho it to ! a control your Stale B inks to the name extent i h I hat a Branch of the United Stales limit . would without the public deposited. That H 1 i. will have this power your Slate Banks know. | The tiioinenl. that Bank was purchased, it was , toonr Slate Banks ns a hall of fire on the mast i. to the manner; they hurried to make nil snug rj by curtailing the.r disdain's. The truth is. . Mr. Biddle is on your shoulders, whether you will or no. and you cannot shake him o(T; and ~ ihu only alternative 101 l you, in order to get your share of the Western trade, is to cherish the Insurance Hunk or to get n tranche) a United States Bank. Smith Vatolina may well ~ condemn Ihr expediency of establishing u llniilc ~ »/ the United Slate*; hut is it the polity of . (Jcnrffirt to do likewise! My fellow citi* jus of Taliafeno, have ill 1, quired of’ tnc my op nions on the J’m. Bank system. I was opposed to that system from ,1 Hie beginning, inn now, and ever will be. It I ,1 is calculated (ogive to tl.e J’rcsideiit an inllu ,, encti ihoic widely extended, and more de ,/ striictive, to our lice msUlutions. lliail (lie ill' u (liienco secured to him by all bis other patron age. Il was calculated to make, nut only the n Directors, hut all the Stockholders ol ail the . Stale Banks throughout the Union,supplicants lor his bounty. It. penetrated into the cottage ,1 as well ns the counting rooip. It subjected r alike lhe rich and the poor stockholder,' the r . one thro’his aval ice, the* other through his poverty. I' give him the ahsoiule culiliol ol the whole money power ol the country. The ]• Divorce lias been made and I hope, lorevor. f It. was a union against the spirit ol the consti- I tut ion, and deslruetivo to the rights cl the States. J)o not understand me as being op posed to the Sinto Bulks, lii my upiiiion, j they are not, only valuable institutions) but necessary to the improvement, and prosperity of Ihe country; strictly guarded and limited . by Legislative watchfulness and wisdom, they are a blessing to the country. A cry has aeeii I raised against them—the cry of monopoly—l do not Join in that cry—it is ealeuhited to pro- I dace’.ho very monopoly you dread —make the State Bank system unpopular, ami the re | li.'sul to create new Banks to meet the just ( wants of tlic daily increasing commerce ol j our Stale, will at once give to the existing , limits that very monopoly, Destroy the pre sent Stale Banks, and you throw the monopo ly into the hands of the monied usurer and extortioner, who will then demand twenty five per cent for his loans.—l ask you to look well into this matter. Again: My fellow citizens of Taliaferro, ask my opinion on what is called I lie Sub Treasury question—by this I understand the system of confining the government, receipts ami expenditures to gold and silver coin and Treasury notes, or in other words, the twenty third section ofthe lull stricken out on motion : ofyour Senator Air. Cuthhcrt. Jam obliged 1 to understand it m this limited way, for when ‘ that clause was stricken out by the combined voles of Van Boren men ami Clay men, 1 Southern men and Northern men, Union men ' and Nullificrs, the great advocate ol the Bill declared that its life mid soul were gone, and J he himself voted against it:— ' I urn unwilling to speak of the dead unless I 1 can say good of it. 1 have admired the groat author of (hut specie clause while standing on 1 the lloor of the Senate, ns the fearless advocate 11 of Southern rights, and from my heart have !1 thanked him. I have admired him while unyield ing and alone, he there battled for this very elause. 1 1 have examuied it with all the lights which his wonderful mind could throw around il, but lam I unable, to see il as ho has done, I am unable lo I sec how the South, paying as she docs, and as 0 that gentleman has so often proved that she does, r the greater amount of taxes lo the government, ' eau bo bouefuted by paying those taxes in specie, 1 which specie is again lo be transferred to oilier- ' holders and contractors, who principally reside 1 at the North, and who will command n premium upon il. lam unable lo see why the general I government should demand specie from the poo- 1 pie, and leave the people and the Stale govern ments with a depreciated currency—for it the Bank paper is us good as the specie, why should i not the government lake il. No one can respect that gentleman’s ability and sound southern feel ing more than I do ; but have fits opinions sud denly become so infallible in lieorgia, that I am condemned for dill'eiing with him, oven by those who but yesterday called Inin THAITOII? Have Carolina opininioiis, too, suddenly become so infallible In (ieorgia, that I, who less than two yems ago was condemned for agreeing with her, am now lo sutler lire condemnation for disftifiee- I i"g with bet ! I impeach not Mr. Calhoun’s honesty of purpose, but still I cannot agree with ' him. 1 impeach neither the honesty, nor the devotion lo Southern interests, of those southern 1 men, who agree with trim, (on other points of ■ far more vital importance to the South,our opini ’ ons are the same ;) among these is Major Mark 1 j Cooper, a candidate before you, and as an evi- I i dence of my sincerity, 1 will vote for him wilh ’ ; ;, s much pleasure as lor any man on the ticket. , | When 1 meet wilh a real Christian, J extend (ho t i hand ol tellowsh.p lo him without inquiring into I j what keeping he is willing lo culiii.-l the /i mils j of Ins church, or in what nnrcnti/ to receive i . them, 1 have answered the question, and I have 1 [ | inr.rnt lo do it, plainly and respectfully. Von j i | may now ask what system 1 would adept in to- j i gard lo the monies ol tiro government. To this I I I answer, lust, I would reduce the government i wants ns low as a proper economy would allow, I i ami I would reduce the public, icvennes lo an : . I amount merely sufficient to meet those wauls. I ! . • w ould receive in payment, us in now authorized, I : ami bus been for yearn hitherto, lire notes cl I i specie paying hanks, as well ns specie and Trea sury notes. I would hind the public receivers | by strong bonds, ami leave them to deposito the | monies as they receive them, in any place they i may select, making them responsible lor the re- I sub, and requiring quarterly returns, not only ol ! , lire amounts, but ot I lie kinds ol money received | and paid out,mid proper evidence that lire balance ’ on hand is theie in lire kind of nnney which n | might to be in, and it deposited in a bank,a cent 1 i m ule ol that bank ol the amount deposited. To : smdi a system combined with a bank of the ’ j 1 nurd States, restricted as I have sin ed, I can { j sec hut one objection—and that hinst exist, n, j ; the same extern, under wha’cver oilier system j bo adoped. The objection is that the pub. I I be money is loft under the control of the Tresi-' I dem, but tins cannot be remedied unless the f | appointment and removal ot the heads of the ' * . I ''•■usury is taken away from the President, arid If ■ vested in the House ol lli-presenlaiivcs. Tins I wdl require an alteration of the con-tilution, ! - I which ought to Ire made. If vou divorce the i I I government from the banks, bo equally careful i< to divorce the Biesnlem Irom lire public pm-e ; I [ 11 1,1 ,ho "pinions 1 have expressed, 1 have 11 gone to neither extreme, it is not lor the purpose of buying favor with every side. It is the difft cully, which grows necessarily out ol the sub jecl, of dctcimining the exact line where the rights of the Federal Government end, and those of the States begin,—and if I have offered a plan, it is only to show,that, in rejecting all others, 1 have one ol my own to propose. Jly the resolution 1 am requested “to make ! known my choice tor the next President, between Van Horen, t.'lay, Webster and Harrison.’ I : do not u riders'and that the two last named gen tlemen arc Candida es for that office, and it does not, therefore, seem necessary to know toy opini- | . on with regard to them ; but I respect tbe call ot i the meeting, and as I wish not to he mistmder- , stood, I reply, that the opinions ol those gentle, i j men, as I understood them, on the points ot vital j \ importance to the South, are such that no south ern man could safely trust either of them with that office. It is in my opinion, a melancholy | evidence of the weak condition to which the I whole South has heeti reduced by distractions and ; divisions on minor points, that she is forced to i the necessity of making n choice among the I I four gentlemen you have named, all ol whom i have, at one lime or another, advocated measures, ] nr declared opinions, decidedly hostile to her best | interests, and to her safety and prosperity —all of [ whom have advocated or voted for a high Tariti, and not one of whom, as far as I know, has ever declared, though pressed to do it, that the alroli ■ lion of slavery in Ihe District of Columbia would bn unconstitutional—and yet there is tbe point at which the gangrene is to commence, and born which all the slave-holding Slates may he diseased, ] and ultimately destroyed, if the abolitionists ! should succeed in their effort to plant the dis ease at that point. Would you he willing to ! entrust that important outwork of nor safely to I lie guardianship of any man who will not swear to defend it—who, indeed, after he lias sworn, is liable to h" surrounded by such strong influences, ns to he willing to surrender it as a matter of expediency 7 In answering the inquiry, 1 will \ stale, that by the constitution, ihe election of tbe President is vested in the people of Ihe respective Slates. If a majority of the whole are not in favor of a particular candidate, then (he selection devolves upon (he House of Representatives, voting by Hi ales. In such case, 1 consider tin' Representative as a mere agent of the majority j of the people of his Stale, and hound to vole us : that majority had declared in the electoral Col lege. According to this principle, under such { circumstances, 1 would represent the will of my Slate, by voting for him in favor of whom the majority of my Stale shall have declared. In. deed, I should consider that I had no more dis cretion in the matter than any olhei more agent would have in ordinary affairs. Hut you have asked which I would prefer among the four named. I have stated my views with regard to Webster and Harrison. It seems to he now generally understood, that Mr. Van liuren and Mr. Clay, a.e the two candidates.— On the subject of tho Tariff, I consider them both as standing in a position equally objectiona ble. On (be subject of abolition, they have both declared that it would ho unconstitutional l<> abolish slavery in the States, and inexpedient in the District of Columbia and the Tenilories.— It is understood that Mr. Van Huron advocated the abolition of slavery in New York, and if my recollections are correct, he voted to instruct the New York Senators to vole for (lie Missouri res- I riel ions, and Mr. Clay compromised that dan geroiis question. Mr. Clay is called the father of the Protective System, and Mr. Van liuren voted lor it in 1828, under instructions. So fiir, they both stand upon pielly equal grounds as to claims upon southern confidence, in whom ran the South trust with most confidence, for a veto of the Hill, should one ho passed to abolish slavery in flic District of Columbia ? in voting for the Tariff of 1828, Mr. Van Durctl cither obeyed the instructions of New York because his opini ons were in conformity to the Dill, or he voted for the Bill against Ins own opinion of its con stitutionality and expediency. In t| l( , || rs f ( n se, be is a hlgti i arm - man, in ilie last, ho wants in dependence, and voted against bis oath. Dating the lastycar, Mr. Van Duron declared decisively to the merchants of New York, that it was un necessary lo call an extra session of Congress, and yet, immediately at or, called such session. This, to say the least of it, was a want of firm ness of purpose. In December, Mr. V an Buren declared to John Ross, through the Secretary of War, that the Cherokee Treaty would be iigidly enforced and executed, at the appointed lime. In May, tie recommended lo Congress to suspend the remo val for two years, it the States would consent, of which he had little doubt. This change, whether for weal or woo, is evidence that little reliance is lo he placed upon his declaialions.— Mr. Clay, whether right or wrong, has always been firm in his purposes. Mr. Clay lives in a slave-holding Stale, and, 1 believe, owns slaves. Mr. Van Daren lives in tho midst of the aboli tionists. l.et me ask, which is most likely lo ho j acted upon by had inlluencos, and on whose firm | ness and decision can the South with most con fidence rely, in this matter'! Again, Mr. Van Buren is surrounded by a swarm, from all quar tets, who have already tasted the sweets ot ihe Treasury crib. James the First, of England, humbled himself before his predecessor, lo obtain the throne. He was fond of power, hut. luckily wanted the daring and commanding energy of that predecessor, lo use it. Ho might have made a good King if he had not been surrounded by a hungry swarm of expectants and courtiers it is to that swarm I object more titan to James. I have answered your question. 1 have an swered all the questions, and I trust explicitly and fully ; and if it shall prove the last time I shall have occasion lo address you, I will at least I have the consolation of knowing, that I have dealt honestly by you. In truth, I consider tiro Sub 1 rrasury and Hank questions, at best, of very secondary importance lo the South, when I the war against the rights reserved lo the States, ; is constantly waging, and when the storm of | abolition has only moderated for a moment, to | gather new strength, and hurst with des ruclive violence over our beloved country, it our I’ciinw citizen, RICHARD \V. HABERSHAM. j - - - We hear that some of the Cincinnati Tories 1 think ot giving Dr. Duncan a dinner. D they jdo.-o, they had bettor appoint a Committee of vigilance lo keep him sober. Tho labor of such | a committee will he more arduous than that of all ! the rest.— l‘rentice. I rim the N. O. Conner. The mml boat Post Boy, from Louisville tor Cincinnati, sunk About ten days since ;j() miles above Louisville. A plank was broken m, m crossing the (lias-s Finis, and she filled immediately on coining into deeper water, i She was run ashore and secured without injij. ! ry or any loss of consequence. The letters I were saved. One ol the late English papers mentions the performance ot on extraordinaiy pedestrian feat l\\ a man named Molloy, who accomplished lire arduous undertaking of walking 1,250 miles in six weeks, performing the distance of one mile and a quaiter for every successive hour, on Bloom ly common. The restrictions were, that Molloy should not partake of any beverage during the performance .ts the march stronger than tea and cotlcc. Which he sir jelly adhered to. It is Mated dial his logs and •inkles were imich swollen, and he appeared to suffer much from fatigue. CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL. AIJGUSTA, Tuesday' Morning:, September 11. STATE lUGIITS TICKET roil CON6UKSS. WM. C. DAWSON, 11. W. HABERSHAM, ,1 C ALFORD, W. T. COLQUITT, E. A. NISBBT, MARK A. COOPER, THOMAS BUTLER KINO, EDWARD .1- BI.ACK, LOTT WARREN. Public meeting, Ai a meeting of the citizens of AugUsta, con, I vened at the City Hall, an Saturday the Bih day of September 1838, fur the purpose of receiving the report of their Delegates to the Convention of Merchants and others, held in said city, on the hirst Monday in April last, his Honor Samuel Halo, was called to the Chair and Dr. F. M. Rob ertson was appointed Secretary. Judge Holt, in behalf of the Delegation, repur.- 1 led to the meeting the proceedings of the Con i volition ; which report, on motion, was received I and agreed to. On motion of Col. Henry H. Gumming, sec onded hy N. W. Coclio, E.-rp it was Ueuolveil, That (he Chairman of ibis meeting he authorized to till any vacancy which may oc cur in the Delegation from Augusta to the Con vention of Merchants and others, the adjourned meeting of which will lake place in this city on the 3d Monday in October next. On motion of N. W. Cocke, Emj. seconded by j Judge Warren, it was j Jtenolvcd, That a committee of ten bo appoin ted by tbe Chairman, to extend to the Dole-ates ot the Convention the hospitality of this city, in such manner as said committee may do e m most suitable. Under this resolution tbo Chairman appointed Messrs. A. Sibley, Wm. T. Could, Win. G Nimino, Li. J,. Kirlland, .Sami. Bones, A. Gould, Thomas Barrett, Sami. Clarke, J. P. Greiner and James P. Stuart. On motion of Judge Holt, seconded by M. M- Dye, Esq. it was Jlfsolveil, That the proceedings of this meet, mg be signed by tbo Chairman and Secretary, and published in the papers of ibis city. On motion, tho meeting then adjourned. SAMUEL HALE, Chairman. F. M. ROBERTSON, Secretary. As tire Convention in April last adjourned lo meet in this city on the third Monday in October next, lire Delegates from Augusta wall remain the same. They arc as follows: Messrs. H. H. Gumming, C. W. Crawford, Charles J. Jenkins, Wm. W. Holt, A. J. Miller, Peter Bcnnoch, Adam Johns, ton, John Bones, Edward Thomas, Paul Fitzsim mons, Robert F. Poe, N. W. Cocke, John Kerr, James Harper, Samuel Hale, B. 11. Warren, E. B. Beall, J. M. Adams, D. W. St. John, Win. M. D’Anlignnc, F. M. Robertson, 1.. A. Dugas, John P. King, A. B. Longstrect, J. W. Wilde, James W. Davies, and John Phinizy. We are grabbed to learn ihut Messrs. Miller, Jenkins, Crawford and W. J. Rhodes, the gentle men who served Richmond county in the lasi Le gislature with so much credit anil fidelity, have all consented lo he candidates for re-election this year. In to day’s paper will he found the letter of Col. Habersham, another of the Stale Rights candid ates for Congress, in answer to the Franklin and Taliafero queries. The remarks which we intend ed to have accompanied it, arc crowded out hy the length of the letter itself, and other interest ing articles which could not he postponed. I nn in Crawford ville. From a le'ler received hy the cars last evening we learn that about 4 o’clock on Sunday morning a lire broke out in the store of Baker & Well born, and in one hour the whole of the valuable square North of the Court House was in flames, consuming the Tavern of J. H. B. Shackelford ho., Messrs. Baker <fc Wellborn's store, and en Ire stock of goods, Messrs. Lawrence & Wil liamson's shoe shop, Q. O’Neal’s dwelling and store, and Grocery occupied hy Messrs. G. & M. Little. There was no insurance on any of the properly, except Messrs. Baker & Wellborn’s, which is insured to the amount of $5OOO. Loss estimated at $20,000. It is supposed lo ho the wotk of an incendiary. WIiKCK of a Stkam Boat.—The brig Taun ton, Cummins, master, arrived at Fall River, (Mass.) lilsl ult., from a short whaling voyage, with 00 barrels of oil. In hit. 22 North, lon. 02] West, Capt. Cummins fell in with the wreck jof a steam boat. Capt. C. went on hoard the i wreck, hut found nothing hy which he could po ; sitively determine Iter name or where she helon : gcd. -She was copper bottomed and copper fas. | toned, and of appearances, had not been long at i sea. Capt. C. is of opinion lhat it was the wreck of t he J’ulaM. Some pieces of the copper and | some of the bolts taken from the wreck have been brought in in the luig. From the A', ). l'rpret,s } Sept, 0 Cloven Days Later. The Packet ship ts.uiih America, Capt. Bnrslow arrived yesterday, from Liverpool, August 4. \ The England wont our in 1!) days,—with steam j ship rapidity. We are indebted to Capt. Bar | stow lor late papers. Wo have no news of gener al importance. The subject of the North Easl ern Boundary had been casually inquired into in the House ol Commons. The Earl of Durham, and his administration of the affairs of the Cana das continued lo he targets for attack hy the Anti- ■ Miuisterialis-s. We see no Steam Ship adver tised in the Liverpool papers for New York. Marshal Soult has returned lo Fiance. The Brit ish licet on the North American station is now said to be composed of 32 vessels, carrying lltiO guns, and 10,210 men. The sum that will he required over and above the ordinary grants lor ( 1837-1838, to deftny (he expenses occasioned by tbe outbreak in Upper and Lower Canada, amounts, it is said to ,£500,000. The cxci'cmcnl in Great Britain, respecting the crops had not subsided. In Scotland, they are very backward, as the weather had been cold. In Ireland, the prospect was fair. Judging from the best information we can get, we should think the crops would hardly reach an average, and it appears that such was the general opinion by lh« rise in bonded wheat, and the tendency of specu lation that way. The Lord) of the Admirably have given in, situations that during the blockade of the ports of Mexico by the French, the British packets shall not convey specie, limiting them, in short, to the mere carriage of letters. HANK Or ENOI.ANn. (.Quarterly Average o( the weekly Liabilities and Assets ol the Bonk of England, from the Ist May to the 34th, July, 181)8, both inclusive, pursuant to the Act I) and 4 W. IV., cap. 98. I.IAIIILITIES. assets. j Eircnlatiun £l9,2Bls,ooo.Securities £22,601 000 I Uepofiitcs 10,424,000 j Bullion 9749,000 £29,710,000) £32,350,000 -downing street, July 30, 1838. The deposiles and the bullion arc the same, wi Vo a trifle, as when the averages were madu up in lone, whilst the circulation and the securi ties hue each increased about £340.000 since that time. The increase of the securities proba bly arises from the short loans to bill brokers bo | fore the payment of the dividends, which we be lieve at one time amounted to nearly two millions. 1*1(1 V ATE AN II JOINT STUCK HANKS. An account of the Aggregate Amount of Notes circulated in England and Wales by Private Banks and by Joint Slock Banks and their Branches, distinguishing Private from Joint iBtoek Banks, between the 31sl March and the 30ih June, 1838. From Returns directed by 3 and 4 Will. IV. c. 83. Private Banks £7,383,247 Joint Stock Banks 4,302,350 £11,745,503 Noimi Eastkiin Boimiahy.—ln the House of Commons, Captain Balderu asked what steps had been lal en with regard to the North Eastern Boundary of America. Lord Palmerston said negocialions had been for the last year and a half going on between America and Croat Britain, ns to whether a Coin mission should he appointed by the two countries to trace the line of boundary. These negoeiations had not yet come to n close. The two Govern, i iinmis were now in communication us to the ap pointment of a Commission. C A pro HE OF A Pill ATE Hr THE U. S. Snip Cvane.—By ihe arrival, Inst evening, says the N. Y. Express of the Cth, of tho hark Helles pont, Larrahce, from Oralara.Toneriffe, we learn that the F. Bi. sloop of war Cyanc, had left tbr port ol St. Cruz, (Tencrill’e) having been milk ed of a piracy committed upon an English brig by a .Spanish piratical brig, she touched at the i Wes cm Islands, and there receiving the nddi, i lior.al information that the pirate was hound to 1 Hi. Cruz, she bore aw ay in pursuit, and found her lying at anchor in the harbor. This intellig'cnca wms communicated to the English Consul, and the whole crew of the pirate were arrested and carried before the tribunals at St. Cruz, for trial. Thu Cyane sailed again on the 251 h July, for Madeira, on her way to Tangier*. We understand that the 1000 stand of arms I brought to this city from Portland, were ordered I here in anticipation of the finishing of Ihe Arse nal now under contract to he (mill this season in Bangor. We also learn that an application has been made by the officers of the new Frontier Regiment for a loan of guns for the training this fall, which will probably la; complied with, as this regiment cannot provide themselves with arms anil equipments in season for the tall drills. The Governor and Adjutant General have no power to doslrihuie the arms or make any pet nianerit disposition of them. This can only tie done by the Legislature. Wo ore sure that this new regiment will not disgrace the arms or 1m heh rid any other in stout bunds and stout hearts. —JJitngor It hig. Important from Maine. | We learn from a gentleman who left Ganliner j (Me.) yesterday afternoon, that the mail liom the I Last niriveu just as the sleambaat left the wharf, I at 4, P. M. with intelligence that Governor Kent I had appointed Messrs. Heart, Norton and Irish, I Commissioners to run the Boundary Line! I t I this be true, and the Commissioners immediate' I ly enter on their duties, consequences ofa serious I nature may lie expected, which may lay the loan- I dalion ol another war between Great Britain ami I this country, — Jtoston Courier. I COMMERCIAL. J I,IVl:Itl’OOI. COTTON MARKET, JULY 23 I I i,'/n:i . — l dp transactions this week have Bren I without interest; the same degree ol languor in I tie I demand has prevailed, mid iho lower I American, Brazil and Surat have been heavy sale, I and prices unsteady ; tbo better qualities ot linin', I Pemambiino and American, have fully maintained I previous rules; and in Egyptian a good bnsinca* I has been done at Id per lb advance. Speculator# I have taken of the latter description 1,500 bales, ami I "I American 7.it) bales; and ex| oners 1,200 bale- I et American and 300 Surat. Tho sales to-day I are 500 bales ol all kinds. Tho import this week I is 31,740 bags, and the. sales reach 34,900. Among I w hich are Hi) Sea Island at 31 a24 ; 3,880 Pplaint I 5* a 8Jil; 7,1180 New Orleans 41 aBd ; 2,970 Ala- I Imma, Ate,sa 7!d : 1,880 PernambucoBl a 91;750 I Bahia and MaeaioSa 8i; 310 AJaranbaai 71 aB,tl. I August 8;h J b m has boon n very good lie- I ■nand for American Colton ibis wcik, and ns hold- I ers have ollered their stocks loss Ireely, prices have I advanced Id per lb., more particularly in tho com-1 nnm qualities, the market closing with a steady I appealaneo Brazils have also (n on in ratlarmnn-H ut iiiund, hut prices have not. hoPii so well mnin-l laineil. Maranbams having been sold at ratherH lower rales. In iSnrnls a large business has hrcaH liansacleil, without any change in prices. Theim I Ports this w eek amount to 21,820 bags, and the I sales, including 750 American and 500 Egyptian I taken on speculation, and 050 American, 650 Surat H and 50 Bengal, Inr export, to 32,610 bags, viz; nil American, &<*. 150 Sea Island at I8a20d; 50 Stain-■ Cil II a 18d ; 10,910 Upland 5| aBl ; 6,280 Aln ha-1 inn, At. Ola 71d ; 7,840 New <>rlcans, 41 a Hid;B 1,500 IVriiairihnei) 8i a Did. Stock cm ibis dao.B 1838, 533,070 bags ; same time 1837, 366,330 ba»s.H HAVRE COTTON MARKET, JURY 24, H Cotton. —Meat ol the transactions in U. Stain I short. Maple Cottons (luring the greater part of bstH week were determined by more or less concession! H iMaile to the buyers ; since Saturday holders having I not show ti themselves so ready to soil, there Ins been H a slight improvement m I he state of oui market, Ist I this kind oi Colton ; upon the whole, our rates for V this atlielc aro generally about the same ns lln'yß were eight days ago. H The sales from the 15th to the 22d instant, incla-1 sive, comprise 6126 halos,as follows : 2397 h New I Orleans, ofw liirh 5301) at I 76 to 1 77 50, IlHtl bat ■ I’B9 to f 86, 522 batfB7 to 95, 276 hatfy6 50 » ■ f 99, 30 I) at f 204 50, and 49 I) good at I 113 W. ■ 1475 h Mobile, of which 60 h at 1 70 ; 653 h at 8 1 H to 80 50; 640 bat f9O to f 97, and 188 b at 1001 H ■ lo 3(; 1000 b Upland, of which 107 bntB2f; 1343 b H 841 In OOf; 240 bat 91f to 971 ; 7b at 1031; 200 b ■ at 106150 ■ 1 In* arrivals, within Ihe same lime, have amount H eil to 13,183 I) VIZ; 11,177 b United Slates, and ■ 2005 b Brazils „ H —-—— „ _ _.l •* ■ MARINE IN TF. LLIGENCE. ■ CHARI.KBTOX, ,Si pi 10. —Arr on Saturday, line 111 Columbia. D«M-r, Kosion, 6 clays. H Ait )T.,u relay, schr Oinnuns, Bouvo, flog* ton. 11 H \V» ut to sen y stunluy, br Alpha, Tliomns, Havaiu*. ■' H How*d I, Kin-.*, \V» st Indies, Ul, hr l,niircii"t* f W ■ New York, schr Allure, Gome/, West Indies* I