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M # EDUCATION or TEACHERS. Assuming that provision will be thug made to raise all the funds necessary to build school houses and pay the teachers to educate all the free white children of the State, the next question which presents itself, and per haps the most important one of all. is, How shall the State supply herself with competent teachers ? raised in her midst and devoted to her interest and her institutions ?—southern men, with southern hearts and southern sen timents ? For the purpose of educating Georgia teach ers for Georgia colleges. I propose that the .State issue her bonds payable at such distant times as the Legislature may designate bear ing interest at seven per cent payable semi annually, The interest to be paid out ot the net earnings of the State Road : and the bonds to be redeemed out of its proceeds, should it ever be sold. That slie deliver $200,000 of these bonds to the State Univer sity at Athens, as an additional endowment : $50,000 to the Georgia Military Institute, at Marietta, and $50,000 to each of the three denominational Colleges in the State, in con sideration that each of said five Colleges, will bind itself to educate annually, one young man as a State student, for every $200 of an nual interest which the endowment given hv the State pays to the College . furnishing him with board, lodging, lights, washing, tuition, and all necessary expenses except clothing, which might lie furnished by the student himself or his parents. Hie interest on this $400,000 of ltends would be $28,000 per annum. This sum would maintain and instruct as above suggested one hundred and forty young men annually, being one from each county in the State, and two from each of the fourteen counties having the largest population, unless other new counties are formed. 1 propose that these young men he selected from all the counties in the State, from that class only of young men whose par ents arc unable to educate them, and that only such be selected as ait- of good moral charac ter. industrious and attentive, who desire an education, and who give promise of luture vs'fulness. That the selection be made in each county by a competent commit tee appointed by the Inferior Court, after an examination at some public place in the county of all such young men as desire to become beneficiaries, and who will attend on a day to Ik-fixed by the Inferior Court, after giving due notice. Let the committee lx- sworn that th. y will be governed in the selection by the merits of the applicant, without prejudice or p-artiality; and that they will select noone whose parents are known to l<e able to give him a collegiate education without doing in- just ice to the rest of his family. And I pro- ;*>(. that the place of any such student in col lege be supplied by another, whenever the 1 acuity of the college shall certify to the Infe rior Court of his county, that he is neglecting his studies or failing to make reasonable pro gress. or that he has become addicted to ira- morui habits. 1 propose that the State, in this manner, give to each ■ the poor young men thus selected his collegiate education, on c< ndition that he will enter into a pledge of i.vnor. to make teaching ids profession in the county from which he is sent, for as many years as he shall have been maintained and educated by the Mato in College: the State [K-nuitiing iiim to enjoy the incomes of his ki-xir. lu:t requiring him to labor as a teach- Many of these young gentlemen would no doubt, adopt teaching as tlieir profession for life. This would supply the State after a few years with competent teachers. And as these young men while teaching in the various counties in the State would prepare others to sath without going to college, pure streams ‘ learning would tints l»e caused to flow out from the colleges, and be diffused among the masses o: the people throughout the State.— T hen we would not so often heat the com plaint. that the child must unlearn at one school wliat it has taken months perhaps to h-arn at another under an incompetent teach er. This plan is intended to equalize as far as p-.ssible. the p-o- i with the rich, l>y giving to as many of them as possible, at the ex- pense of the State, an opportunity to educate their sons in college, a privilege at present confined Amos: exclusively to the rich: as po-.-rmeu have not means to educate their sons however deserviug or promising they mav he. Under- the plan above proposed it is not in tended to make a donation, or absolute gift to the colleges, of a single dollar of the bonds of the State- It is intended only to deliver the bonds to the colieg. s and to pay to them the interest semi-annually, a* a compensation for them to maintain and educate annually, one hundred and forty young men of promise, who eould in no other way enjoy the advan tages of a liberai education : who in turn are to din'use intelligence among the great body of the people, thereby supplying the State with Georgia teachers well qualified to teach the youth of Georgia: uml who would he at the same time, the natural friends of her in stitutions. As a part of this plan I also pro pose that a General Superintendent of Schools for the State, be appointed with a salary suf ficient to secure the Vest talent, whose duty it shall be to collect valuable information upon the subject, and report annually to the Executive, to be laid before the legislature.— And to traverse the State m every directiou, visit the schools, itddress the people, and do all in his power to create n lively interest on the subject of educate n. Carry out this phut and who can estimate its benefits to the State .' 1 regard the educa tion of the children of tlu- State as the grand object oi primary importance, which should, it neccssiiry. hike prec-akne-- of all other ques tions of State j-olicy. For i apprehend it will be readily admitted by c-very intelligent per- son. that the stability and permanence of our republic-in iiistitutions hang upon the intelli gence and \ irtu-.- of our p-copie. No monarch rules here ! And it is the- pride of our system of Government that cadi citizen at the ballot la x possesses equal rights of sovereignty with every other one. Thanks be to our Heavenly Father, the popular voice cannot here Ik- hush ed in the silence of despotism. but the populat es ill dictates the laws. May it thus ever re main! H<>" important. it is. therefore, that the masse- ot the people he educated, m- each inav bo able to re.ui and un-lerst m l for hitu- - -h. the Constitution and history of his coun try. and to judge au-l decide for hiiuselt. what an- the true principles and policy of his gov ernment. Hut how much more important it is. in my opinion, that every person in the state be enabled to rc-n-1 for him or herself the Holy Bible, and to comprehend the great prin ciples of Christianity. in the eternal truths of which. I aiu a firm, though humble believer. Educate the masses and inculcate virtue and morality, and you lay broad and deep, in the hearts our people the only sure foundation of republican liberty and religious toleration: the latter of which is the brightest gent in the con stitution of our Country. By adopting the proposed line of policy we have- it in our power, without increase of tax ation or burden to our people, to place Geor gia, so far as education is concerned, in the proudest position of any State in the Union. [, t her educate every sc*n and daughter with in her limits, and siie may then justly boast that site is the empire State of not only the South, hut ot the whole Union. By this plan the public debt would lx* reduced, and the selicKil fund inerease.l. annually. $200,000 : mid the interest amounting yearly to $28,000 • u the bonds delivered to the Colleges. would lx- paid semi-attnually, out of the net earnings of tlie State Road : and there wonhl still be left an annual income from that source of $72.- 000. to lie applied to other purposes. RKDCCnOX OF TAXES. .bv the Legislature. • t taka* different View of this snhie5t, and believe that all tfnneedi&sary. wasteful or-extravagant appropriations 8frouid lie avoided ; and that no more taxes sltouli be raised than the necessities of t.-reFtatc require,, under an economical adEfiinIStration ojf the Government. : I cannot believe that the people s love for the government would be increased by Irigh taxation. When the people Tritfe pttying in creased taxes to build the Western & Atlantic Railroad, they were told, that if they would submit to this, the incomes of the Road, when finished, should be applied in part at least in reduction of their taxes. I think they have a reason to expect, and a right to demand, that these pledges shall be redeemed : and 1 res pectfully urge upon you.as their representatives the propriety of enacting such laws as will give them the benefits of tlie incomes of the Road as above suggested. This, in my judgment, would be infinitely better than to squander the funds in large appropriat ions of doubtful pro priety. If the Road be faithfully and econom ically managed, the net earnings paid month ly into the Treasury, and applied to educating the youth of the State, the payment oi the public debt and the reduction of the taxes of the people, it will then in reality be, what it should be—a blessing to the w hole people of Georgia. ATLANTIC &. GULF RAILROAD. lam informed that the work upon the At lantic and Gulf Railroad is progressing w ith reasonable rapidity under the management of Dr. James P. Screven, its able and active Pres ident. Early in the year the necessary evi dence was furnished to me, that the individu al stockholders had paid in, twenty per cent upon $600,000 of the stock, which entitled the Company, under the provisions of the statute, to call for twenty per cent upon the State's present subscription of $->00,000. 1 according ly, in connection with Col. Watkins, our in dustrious and faithful Secretary of State, issued and delivered to the Company at par $100,000 of six per cent State bonds payable in New York, with coupons attached. The bonds beat- date 1st Fubruary, ISOS, and have twenty years to ruu. Tlie interest is payable semi annually. This Road is inte-nded to develop tiie resources of a large and interesting section of the State. he made immediately, sufficient to pay each j and as several ofthe most wealthy Railroad sincere thanks to Almighty Chid, for the Judge Whose commission liears date since the ! Companies in the State have in their char- abundant mercies, and rich blearingK, which : STATE AID TO HAIL ROADS. Other sections of the State are still destitute of the advantages of Railroad facilities. 1 run decidedly of opinion that it would bogood poli cy for tlie State to lend her credit, to aid in the construction of such Roads as may lx- nec essary to develop her vast resources, provided she be marie perfectly secure beyond doubt against ultimate loss. This could be done by the endorsement ol the bonds of the company, by the State, alter a certain proportion of the Road is first completed, for an amount suffi- cient to enable the company to purchase iron for the road. The bonds thus endorsed should Ik- made payable twenty years afterdate, with six per cent interest, payable semi-annually : and let the State take a mortgage upon the en tire Road, and all its appurtenances, declared by law to he prior to all other liens: to bo fore closed. and the road and its appurtenances sold in sixty or ninety days after the fhilure of the Company to pay any instalment of .either inter est or principal when due. And in the event the whole Road and its appurtenances, should fail under such mortgage sale to bring a stun sufficient to pay the entire amount for which the State shall have become liable, on account of the Company, let the law provide that each solvent stockholder shall lx* liable to the State, according to the number of the shares he may own. for his proportion of the deficiency. This, in my judgment, would make tlie State se cure : while it would enable each e> impany en gaged in the construction of a Road necessary to the development of (lie resources of (lie State, to obtain the money requisite to its comple tion. upon sueii time and tetnrs as would ena ble the company, should the Roari prove as remunerative as its projectors anticipated, to refund it out of the future net earnings of the Road. Of course such a law should Ik a gen eral one. alike applicable to all Roads in any jsirt ofthe State, in the iK-Uefits ot which. all Roads now iu process of construction, c-r to be hereafter projected, on equal and well defined terms, conditions and limitations might par ticipate. Guard the St :te against pi-.-»ibility of loss, stud I am decidedly in favor of State aid. by lending her credit in the construction fall such Roads as may ’k- necessary io the prosperity if her peti !e. and the development ifhei resources. pass ge fit the act. tin him. In view of the sacrifices made by them, j mend that the tax. for the present, on all the since we separated. the heavy responsibilities incurred and 'the j companies in the Btate, be made uniform, and 1 There lias been no lack of provisions in the gTeat amount of Tabor performed. I am of j that each lx* required t-> pay a tax of one-half ! land. The laborerof every class has been able opinion that no class of officers in Georgia j of one per. cent on its n<-t incomes; to be paid j to supply bis necessities by the fruits of his have been as poorly paid as our Judges. 1 I into the Treasury caeh year without cost to I labor. therefore regard the act raising their salaries ! the State. j The barns of the husbandmen teem with as wise and just, and regret only, that the; 1 also recommend that a heavy tax be ini- pientv for both man am) beast: and with the constitution prevented, and still prevents, a posed upon each and every person who, as . exception of the visitation of yellow fever, portion of them fr. -m receiving its benefits. 1 | commissioner, agent or trustee, or in any oth- I upon the kind and hospital iuhabitantsof our think equality in this ease as well .-us in others, er capacity. shall lie engaged in drawing any ! beautiful seaport city. Savannah, which I am is equity. There is o good veas-.n why a j lottery, or pretended lottery, or in selling lot- j happy to say has been less destructive than at Judge who was elected soon after the passage ten - tickets, within this State. It is time the ! former periods, though it has deprived her of of the act should receive $2.5i>.) perannmu. 1 moral sense o: our people were aroused for the some very valuable lives, (to the liereaved I for his fuil term of fair years, while one ' suppression of this deceptive, fraudulent and whose commission liears date a tew days pre- ! demoralizing practice ; which encourages vious to that time, and who probably lias a ; among the people a spirit of fiazzard and gam- more laborious Circuit., should serve the same ! Wing, depriving them of huge sums of money term of four years for $1,800 per annum. - i every year, which too often brings distress Taking this view ofthe question of justice and i upon helpless women and children : while it right between them. 1 felt it mv duty to re- pampers idle drones in society, who neither appoint any one. who. having most of a term j labor nor produce anything, but who grow before him. thought proper to resign and take j rich by the creduiity and mi--fortunes of oth- bis chance for re-election in January next. : ers. I see nothing in their course deservingcen-j The Military System. sure, and I do not hesitate to take my part of T i .. . ., , ■ , . , - 1 I The attention of the Legislatuae has again and again been called to our defective Milila- [fbrlhc InleUigeuttr.] Uoxtookerv, Aia. , Nov. Sib, 1858. Messrs. Editors .- The great interest which attaches to the positions of an occasion such as our Annnal State Fairs, and tin* numerous friends which road your widely circu laled journal, induces me to offer vofta few items of i the present years exhibition. The resnlt. so far, bas been very gratifying to those j most interested, and judging from the variety of articles ! entered, the multitude of happy and smiling faces, I j Child’s Socks Plate,......" $2 would say that all were delighted. j Mrs. W. L. Lampkin Forsyth CO. Ga.— Compared with fanner fairs, there are some dejart- j best Emlirioidery in Silk—Plate, ments, especially the ladies, not so full as usual, hut the J Mrs. S. C. Taylor. Atlanta, Ga. best stock and mechanical departments arc unusually flue.— | Child’s Cloak—F/ate, F *“ ra “ EMcCall &Co. f Athen.~G« lr ^rr a Itcarded at the Southern Central Agrteultureal Spool*, Bobbins, Ac, f or Factorrh^’w*'** Society, held at Atlanta during the wet ending October 23, 1868. [OCHCCLUW® FROM THURSDAY.] EMBROIDFRY IN SILK FLOSS CHAIN- STICH ON BRAID. Mrs. W. L. .Lampkin, Forsyth co. Ga. best r Factory , b,Ac. z Charles Axt, Crmwfordville, v cup^ 1 stai ' rme J H Fentress. Greensboro. NIC h. - Blackberry Wine—cup, * ’ De * Mm. Su^n B Savage, Athens. Georgia best Muscadine Wme—Pfote, Mrs RButtrell, Butts countv best CherTy Cordial—Plate, g1 *’ John Ficken, Atlanta, Georgia gore. GeorgioTmoke, ’ *' re-appoint- tbe responsibility, so far as the meats are concerned. I ry svstem. and to the great neglect to perform I have no sa mpathms m common with those j Miiitary dutv in the Stote. I doubt Whether who vote away thousands, and tens ot thou- I - - - - - - - - - sands <*f dollars, of the people’s money, in THE GEORGIA PENITENTIARY. The report of Gen. Eii Met ' r.mll, Frinci- pal Keeper of the Penitentiary, -util inform you of the present condition of tliat institute. 1 he walls banly constructed at lirst. have stood for a lot.g iinu-. and now nearly ready n> tum ble town. I be whole structure in a dilapi dated condition, and will require action on the part of tlie Legislature at its present or some early session, it is a question xvort-by of your attention whether it sliould be rebuilt where itis. or be removed to some more favorable location; or whether it should h* entirelva- bolished. and some other inode oi punishment substituted in its stead. Asa place it refor mation of the convicts it is heleived to have proved a failure, it brings t< igether an assem blage of the worst men iu the State, many of whom are beyond the hopeot retorniation. in the midst of such an assemblage the young ofl'ender has but little encouragement to re- forrn. Observation lias shown us. that ac n- siderable projKirtioii ot those who bat e served the term <•'. a sentence have, after going out. very soon violated the law, and Ren sent b.-u- k for a second, some even fur a third time. Some cf the States, as Alabama, and Texas, have leased out their Penitentiaries : and it is reported that t is plan has worked well in those States, and has relieved them from all burdens in maintaining their prisons. 1 com mend the whole subject to the careful consid eration of the legislature. THE STATE ASYLUM S. For the consideration and management of the State Lunatic Asylum, the Academy for the Blind, and the Asylum for the 1 >eaf and Dumb, I beg leave to refer you to the respective re ports «>i those entrusted with their manage ment. These asylums have already done much to improve the condition, and mitigate the sulferings of tlie unfortunate persons who are their respective inmates. Tlie State has been liberal in her appropriations to found and sustain them, and 1 trust that her lilier- ality may prove a permanent blessing to her people, A recent visit to the Academy fur the Blind in Macon, has satisfied me. that those in charge of that Institution are laboring faithfully fin the instruction, and the amelioration of the condition of that unfortunate class of our fel low beings, for whose benefit the Academy has been provided. The m-w building isln-inge- n*cted, and will. whenci>inpK*K-d. K- a beauti ful structure, well adapted to tbe purix*se for which it is intended. lam infoniUKi by the Trustees that they have ainuiged the plan of the building, and shaped the contract with the builders, so as to bring the expense of tbe whole within the appropriation, and that tiiere will lx- no call for additional app .priation, to save the State from the loss of the appr ipri- ation already made. Their conduct in this particubu' dest rves commendation. GEORGIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. Fot the condition at id prinqiect ofthe Geor gia Military Institute, at Marietta, i also re fer you to the report of the Trusteeso of that Institution. Fairly in the year I purchased for the State the remaining interest'of the stockholders, and paid tor it as directed by the statute. Hie whole is therefore the property ot the State. I attended the examination ot the classes at the late commencement, anti take pleasure in saying that the voug gentle The pn- nt annual expenses of the Gov- . men acquitted themselves with much credit. inent. including tlie civil establishment, the interest on tbe public debt, support of Asy lutns. Academy lor the blind. State Gadets in Militan* Institute. No., amount to about $-146.000. without including any of the extra ordinary appropriations. The present annual incomes to the Treasury front the State tax. the tax on bank stone, railroads, dividends on bank stock, and from other miscellaneous sources, such as copy grants, testimonials. Nc. amount to al«>ut $446,000. exclusive <*f in comes from the State Road. It follows there fore. after allowing some $22,000 pr. annum of special appropriations, outside of the actu al excuses of the Government, that the taxes might Ik* reduced from the incomes <>t' the Roiul alNiut $50,000 per annum I<esides estab lishing. and providing for the successful oper ation. ofthe proposed sc1km>1 system. Should the Legishittire. however, after providing for th<* reduction of the public debt, the support of the school system. ;utd the education of teachers, make any considerable appropria tions. other than those w hich may be absolute ly necessary to supjiort tin* Government, no ntaterial reiluction of the taxes could Ik* made. In the event the Legislature should disap- R ith to themselves and the faculty. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. A large number of the Counties ol'the State, especially the new counties, have never been supplied with standard weights and measures, the number originally purchased by tlie State proving insufficient. Frequent applications are made to the Executive by the destitute counties for a supply, and there are hone at his disposal. It will cost a considerable sum to purchase the requisite number. I rea unmend, therefore, that an appropriation lv tna.k* suf- large appropriations, often intende! by the movers more for the a*lvanoement of individ ual interests than for the public good, and then attempt to raise a popular clamor should the State do justice to her public officers, by giving them a reasonable compensation for tlieir services, which is now iu many instances much less than their talents would command at other employments.. One appropriation of doubtful propriety, about which but little may Ik* said often draws from the Treasury more money, than all the increase of salaries ofali the public officers of the .State. In 1811 when the salaries of our Judges were fixed at $1,800 per annum, that amount of money would purchase more property than $2,500 will yurchase now. A negro or ahorse might then be purchased far but little, if any over half as much as a similar piece of property will command in the market now. It follows, therefore, that our Judges and other public officers, are not as well paid now as they were then. Our great State-is not too poor, nor too parsimonious, to do justice to those wlui ren der her important public services ; nor is it her policy to drive her best talent from public positions to make r«K-in for those who will agree to occupy them for less money. Subscriptions to Legal Works. At your last session resolutions were passed,, requesting me to snbscrilie in behalf of the Stare for 1.500 copies of Hines' Forms, at the price of $2 50 per copy : and for 500 copies of Reese's Manual, at a reasonable price, and to pay for them out of the contingent fund. I subscribed fi -r and received the lK«iks. and paid Mr. Hines $1,000. and Mr. Reese $500. one-third of the price agreed upon for the 500 c ipies of his book delivered at the Capitol.— On account of tlie heavy drafts made upon the contingent fund, to pay other sums taxed up* *n it by resolutions of the General Assem ble. lx-sides the payment ofthe salary of the Reporter *<f the Decisions of the Supreme Court, for which no appropriation was made, I fi-und it impossible to pay the whole amount due f>r tlu* payment of which the fund isin- teitJcd. The balance of $2,750 due Mr. Hines, and $1,000 due Mr. Reese, remains unpeid. I respectfully recommmend that appropriations be made in their behalf, for the respective sums due them. Tiie Penal Code. l leg leave to call the attention of the Gen eral Assembly to what I consider a defect in our penal code. The Srii section of the 4th di- visi- >n of the code is in these words: ‘•vojunta- rv manslaughter shall be punished by confine ment and labor iii the Penetentiary for a term iess than two years nor longer than four The re are doubtless many cases of vol- nntary manslaughter committed by persons <*f extreme youth, or attended by other ex- tetiuating circumstances for the jiunislimeut of which two years of imprisonment is sufficient. It may often happen, however, from tin* in genuity of counsel, the creation of sympathy oil account of the long standing of a case, and from other causes, that- persons guilty of de liberate murder, are convicted only of volun tarv lannskuigliter. The Judge who presides in tlie case may lie fully satisfied that such is the fact, but lie has no power to impose a heavier penalty than that of four years impris onment. The community feel that the pun ishment is inadequate, but there is no remedy, a- the Court has gone to the extent of the law. If we would suppress crime and blood shed in our State, we must execute the crimi nal laws. :uid discard that sickly sentimentali ty. which always sympathises with the crimi nal. but lias no tear to shed over the unfortu nate victim < >i his revenge. I recommend that the section of the penal code above referred to, be so amended as to enlarge the discretion given to the presiding Judge, in cases of voluntary manslaughter, committed after the passage of the act. so that the punishment shall not be less than two. nor h uger than twenty rears imprisonment and labor in me Penitentiary. I also recommend such altera tion in the law as will compel persons accused of criminal offences to come to trial at the ear liest period, when a fair and impartial inves tigation etui be hud. As the law now stands, and is construed by our Courts the worst cases are often worn out by continuances, from term to term, till some of the witnesses die. or remove from the State and others are almost impoverished by long attendance r.jx'n the Court. After years of delay should it happen, as it frequently does, that the witnes ses are out of the way. and the community have become careless about the case, the ac- cusod is then ready lor trial. In this way many of the most bloodthirsty and aliandoned criminals in the State are permitted to es- cajK*. often with very light, and sometimes with no pnnisnmcnt at all. If the defendant and his c* >unsel will exercise ordinary diligence in the preparation oi the case. I am satisfied, from years of experience at the bar. and upon the K-ncli. that no reason exists why a trial should be delayed in any case, longer than the second term alter the finding < >f the bill of indictment, unless it be for very special Providential cause. The constitution of Georgia provides that all criminal cases "shall lx tried in th<* miinty where the crime w;ts committed." 8iuce the State has been cut iut*> small counties it may often happen in the most atrocious cases of murder, that a public investigation may be had, in fore the committing magistrate, or on h tii-st trial before the Superior Court, which from some cause may not Ik* final, in which on account ofthe c-xcitemeut iu the commu nity. the evidence may le detailed in the hearing of nearly all the citizens of tbe coun ty, subject to do jury duty, and at a subse quent term of tbe court, it may lie therefore impossible to get a jury in the county, competent to try the case, and the criminal on that account may escape conviction and pun ishment. In view of the happening of such a contin gency. I would most respectfully suggest an alteration of the constitution, so as to author ize the presiding Judge, iu such eases when in his opinion the ends of justice require it. to change the venue and order that the case be transfered to. and tried in. any .adjoining county which he may designate; the county where the crime was committed to bear tlie expense ofthe trial, should it fall upon the county. Tax Laws. I beg leave to invite your attention to the suggestions contained in the able report of the Comptroller General, pointing out certain de fects in our present tax laws, and proposing important amendments: also to valuable and important statistical information appended to the Report. By examination of the report it will be seen that the present tax on l«nk agen cies of other States, located in this State, is less than the tax on lwink capital in this State.— Tltis is a discrimination against our own lianks which is unjust, and requires further legisla tion. If any discrimination Ik'tween those agencies and <>ur own lianks is made, it sbonld be in favor of the latter. It will also be seen tident to supply such of the comities as are des- I t . ll:lt sevor * 1 ) ‘ th . e BaUroari Companies in this titute of them, and their distraint non. to defray tin- siKT.se q- ; State, whose roads are in successful operation. SALARIES OF THE Jt IJGIs. i pay no tax whatever, under the present law. ' Some which pay tax and others which do not. arc exempt by their charters from ever paving At your last session an act was passed in- | more than one-half of one per cent tax upon t incomes. I refused my sanction to creasing the salaries of the Judges ot tlieSu-i their net preme and Superior Courts of this State: but i two bills, chartering Railroad Companies, at by some oversight no appropriation was made vour last session, because the proposed ciiar- to pay such increase to those who. under the ; tors contained this provision. I do not lie- constitution were entitled to it, tbeappropria- lieve the State should ever yield her right to tions having Ikk-ii made for the amounts only j tax. to any extent her necessity may require, of those salaries as fixed by previous l%ws.— i any and all property within her jurisdictional One of the Judges ot the Supreme Court who 1 limits. Sliould it ever become necessary, on was elected at the last session, and two or I account of invasion, or other public .-ilaniity, prove of the proposition to apply the net earn- i three of tlie Judges of the Superior Court j ereatly to increase the revenue of the State, I ings of tlie Riwl to the payment til the public j who were elected in January last, hold com- i can see no good reason why millions of prop- debt and to the education of the children of i missions hearing date since the passage of tiie i perty. belonging to wealthy corporations with- the State. 1 respectfully recommend that { act, and are, therefore, clearly entitled to the in her borders, should, by imprudent and par- $150,000 jK'r annum, insteiui of about fifty j increased salary. Six of the Judges of the tial legislation, be exempt from bearing a just thousand as aliove proposed, lie applied iu re- j SujK*rior Court, most of whom had. each, al- 1 proportion of the public burdens, hr being duction of the taxis of the people : and that i most a full term to serve, resigned tlieir offices subjected toanomiual tax olny. And if there the surplus be use*! for such purjioses ot inter- ; s,xm after the adjournment of your last ses- : ever was any reasons for granting such exemp- nal improvement as will tend niost to the de- j gi(n, and haring been re-appointed by me, tions in the "past, that reason no longer ex- velopement of the resources of the State. I ! now hold commissions (tearing date since the ists. since the lmilding of Railroads in our am aware that there are those who object to pussagrvOf tbe act, are, in my opinion, clearly State has ceased to be an experiment, lliere- r reiluction of taxes, believing it necessary ; entitled to the increased salary ; which has tender my sincere condolence,) yet it may be said as in any former year, that the devourer has lieeti rebuked, and the pestilence which walketh in darkness has been stayed : while the Holy Spirit has lieen poured out. in many parts of our State, in more copious showers than in former J-ears. causing the Christian’s heart to leap with joy. and sing for gladness. I earnestly inv.*ke a continuation of these rich blessings upon the people of our beloved State and trust they may never lie undmind- ful of their ; constant dependence ujion Him at whose bidding States and Empires are created and destroyed. JOSEPH E. BROWN. anv reduction of taxes, believing it necessary entitled to tlie increased salary ; which has fore, I think such exemptions from taxation iu "order to attach tbe people to the Govern-, been withheld from them oil account of the should not be extended or encouraged by fo ment, to raise large sums ol money from them ; appropriation not having becu made. 1 ture legislation. But as the public exigen- ‘ “ to be appropriated in some way I therefore recommend that an appropriation cies donot require high taxation at present, tuty recommendation which 1 could add would be of any service. At your la t session, the usual appropriation for Military purposes was withheld: and after this decision by the Leg islature, I did not feel it my duty to order a rigid enforcement of the Military laws. The time may come, however, when we will have cause to deplore our present inactivity and lack of discipline and military spirit. The Boundary Line between Georgia and Florida. The resolutions passed at your last session, in reference to the boundary question between the State of Georgia and the State of Florida, were communicated by me to the Governor of that State, soon after your adjournment.— I recieved from His Excellency, assurances of his desire for an early and amicable adjustment of the difficulty, with a promise to lay the res olutions before the Legislature of that State at its next session. Index to the Record or Plats. The index to the records of plats of land granted under the law of head rights, had been kept up in the Surveyor General's office, from 1787 to 182t», in a very large volume, which is now in a very mutilated condition. There is no Index of plats issued since 1820.— This is not the fault of the present laborious and f-ithful officer, who has charge of that de- partment. as his predecessors for nearly 30 years hail failed to keep up the Index. ’ Be lieving it a matter of importance that the large number of books, contaiuiug these very im portant records, lie indexed to the present time, I employed Maj. H. J. G. Williams, an excellent clerk, ot great exactness in compar- * ing the records, and of laborious research, to copy the mutilated Index Book, supplying it. wherever lost, from the original records, and to extend it from 1828 to the present time. When completed, the whole will make two common size volumes. I presume there can be no difference of opinion as to the propriety ot preserving the public records in good condi tion. I recommend the passage of an act, au tliorizing the Governor to draw his warrant upon tlie Treasury, for a sum sufficient to pay for the work when completed ; and that three suitable persons be appointed to examine the work, and report its value to the Executive. The Agricultural Interests. While the State has made large appropria tions, from time to time, for clearing out riv ers, constructing Railroads, and for the en couragement of commerce and other pursuits, it is much to be regretted that so little has been done to encourage her great agricultural interests—upon which almost every other class is dependent for assistance and support. No other occupation is more useful than agricul ture. No class is more honorable than our farmers, who, as a class, are honest and pa triotic. They bear, without a murmur, their full share ofthe burdens of the Government. Why. then, should they longer be denied their shaie of its benefits .' 1 shall cordially co-op erate with the General Assembly in any and all legislation which will promote this great and vital interest. In this connection we should not forget the necessity which exists for the development of our great mineral resources. I trust the Legislature will authorize the appointment of a suitable Geologist and Chemist, to make a geological survey of the State, and a chemical analysis of the soil, in different sections, so as to develop the mineral wealth of the State, and to determine the productions to which each kind of soil is best suited. Many of the most intelligent and useful cit izens of our State, devoted to her great agricul tural and mechanical pursuits, are taking much interest in our agricultural fail’s. The object for these exhibitions, is to bring togeth er as much as possible of the intelligence of our State in council, for the purpose of devis ing the best means for the advancement of ag riculture, mechanics, .Sc. By awarding pre miums. a generous rivalry is encouraged, which often causes valuable' improvements, and leads to very useful discoveries. The la dies contribute much to the interest of these occasions, by their presence, and the exhibi tion of magnificent specimens of their handi work. The fine arts arc encouraged here.— At these exhibitions, planters and mechanics from different sections of the State, are bro't together, and valuable improvements made in one section become known to all. The Fair Grounds at Atlanta, where the meetings for the whole State are held, are in bad condition. I am informed that several of the States have made liberal appropriations to encourage these exhibitions. 1 think it good policy. I therefore recommend an ap propriation sufficient to put the State Fair Grounds in good order, and to erect the nec essary buildings ; :utd that a small annual ap propriation Ik* made to keep up the exhibi tions. in case the incomes of the society be in sufficient. I think the farmers and mechan ics have a right to demand, at least, these small sums. Report of Senate Committee on W. & A. R. R Tlie committee appointed by the Senate at your last Session, to investigate the affairs of the Western & Atlantic Railroad, have made their report to me. as directed by the resolution of the Senate, with request that I have it pub lished in pamphlet form. In compliance with their request I have had 5.000 copies printed for distribution. Any number of printed copies which may be desired by the General Assembly, or by the members for distribution among their constituents, will be furnished on application at the Executive office. I cordially concur with the committee, in their recommendation, to place the defaulting agents upon the road on the same footing with tax collectors, so far as to authorize the the Gomp’r General to issue executions against each and even- defaulter, and his securities, who does not within a reasonable time after de mand pay iuto the Treasury of the Road the sum due by him,—with authority to collect 20 per cent on the principal, from the time of the demand and refusal till paid. Legislation making the books of the Road legal on the trial of cases in Court against defaulting agents has long been needed. The Committee were in session 50 days.— Their fcisk was a very laborious and responsi ble one. They have received no compensation for their services. I advanced from the contin gent fund an amount only sufficient to pay actual expenses. It is proper that an appro priation be made sufficient to compensate them liberally for the services rendered. The Financial Condition of the State. For a statement of the condition of the Treasury. I refer you to the report of Col. John B Tripjie the vigilant and trustworthy officer who presides over that department. As Geor gians we have much reason to l«e proud of the financial condition of our State, and of her high character abroad. Probably the bonds of no other State iu the Union are more current, or command a higher price iu the market.— Her people entertain a sense of honor that will never permit a stain to res£ upon her proud escutcheon ; and they will see to it that her high character is maintained. In con sideration of her ability to pay, it may justly be said, that her public debt is little more than nominal. Without reference to any other of her great resources, the Western & Atlantic Railroad will in my opinion, com mand from eight to ten millions of dollars in the market by the time the last installment of the public debt is due. The whole debt does not amount to half that sum, and may in a few years, lie extinguished from the incomes of the Road alone. The State with from one to two millions of inhabitants, a large territory, a salubrious cli mate, immense mineral wealth, vast agricul tural resources, and extensive system of inter nal improvements, may then be out of debt, and in possession of ten millions of dollars worth of State property. And by the exercise of a little prudence and forecast in her legisla tion, she may also have a common school fund as large, and a standard of education as high as any state iu the Union. This is no faucy sketch. It is a conclusion drawn from facts. Bnt I must turn from these proud anticipations of the future greatness of our State, with the expression of the ardent hope, that they may be much more than real ized. In dosing this communication, I desire to join with the General Assembly in returning Cl)f Jittelliprrr. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 1858. Federal rnlon and Soutlitm Recorder. We acknowledge tbe receipt, of the first number of "The Daily Federal Union” and "The Tri-Weekly Southern Recorder.” In form and substance they are both highly creditable to those veterans of the Georgia Press, and we consider them quite valuable accessions to the facilities for disseminating information from the Capitol duriug the ses sion of the Legislature. We wish them great success. Remarkable Specimens ot Corn. Mr. Daniel R. Turner, of Cobb County, has left at our office two ears of com. which are curiosities of themselves. One is a single ear seventeen inches long, the other is a bunch ot ears, six in number, all attached. Mr. Turn er has a good farm, which yields remarkable productions, as we have on several occasions seen evidences of. “Anti-Slavery Aggr* salons.” Well, we were what was called a few years ago a ‘Fire-Eater.’ We ate the coals when they were tolerably red. But the Tomahawk was buried, not long since, and we must not dig it up for causes beyond its burial. We foolishly yielded, but it does notnow become us, to review and curse those, who had driven a shrewd bargain, and cheated us in its consum mation. Doubtless, we have receded : when united, tie might, nay. \ . uld have main tained our position, bnt now, let us see where are our feet, ami fix tln**.i firmly and resolve to eland and after having <:• ;• all stand, each man in his own pin* e and all, around the camp of the enemy, with our pitchers in one hand and our trumpets in the other and when the signal time m rives, let every pitcher Ik- broken, and every man stand Jinn and all will be well, 'lhe South has demoralized licrseh by too frequent compromises. The time for compromising the slavery question has passed. The great body of our |K*ople see it and we be lieve to-day, that the slavery sentiment it stronger in the hearts ot our jieople. than is was twenty Years ago. V. No doubt that the efforts of Mr. Peters have contributed very much to this result so far as concerns stock. livery thing Is being done which can enhance the comfort and interest of exhibitors and v sitors. The grounds are ad mirably arranged, the buildings large and roomy, tbe trotting course level and well gravelled, the stalls com fortably planned, and the ampitbeater sufficient to ac commodate a vast concourse. It affords ine much pleasure to see Georgia so well rep resented. There are stoves from Augusta, furniture from Columbus, “Truck for Trousers,” from tbe same place, grain from Greenville, a shingle making machine which is attracting a great deal of attention, from Au gusta. and various other articles, ali of which meet a cordial reception. 1 am glad to learn, also, that a great many articles manuiuctured al the North, and entered for premiums, have not been allowed to compete with home made productions. This is right. Encourage our own mechanics,and artisans. I have seen some very deserving meritorious inventions and discoveries, a large number of which will obtain prizes. Among these I may mention, an ingenious machine fur sliarpening gin saws, without removing the saw from the stock, by Mr Elliot, of Prattville, a new styje ofeoppsrand iron light ning rods by Mr. Bacon of New Orleans, a new and pow crful chemical disinfectant by Prof. Darby of Auburn, Ala, and from what 1 have heard of the report of an in- t ‘lligeht scientific committee. it is much superior to any now in use. It gets a premium as it should. The Tournaments have been very interesting, and have attracted large numbers. You will see how the Prizes were taken by the paj*ers. Tlie riding was beau tifui, and I would be glad to see this feature introduced :nto all our state Fairs. It cultivates a taste for horse back riding, which of it self is a great point. Tlie crowds have been very great and <*ouej»ntly in- creaseing. The hotels are overflowing. Tin* Exchange at which I aui stopping, is an excellent House, well ar ranged, and the guest wii! flue Messrs, Tanier A Pratt whole-sonled men. With much respect I am Yours Truly LOUNGER The Commercial Position and Relations of Atlanta. Messrs. Editors.—Every one I suppose of common sense will admit that the Railroad and Loeoniative are in this aqe of tlie world the main means and in many instances the on ly means by which prosperous towns and com munities are built up. aud by which old towns and communities are protected from decay. It will be admitted too. that by these means towns and the surrounding communities have experienced a more rapid and prosperous growth than from any. and all other causes combined. Blit I suppose it is not so well un derstood that any city or community in order to receive its full share of benefits from these modern means of prosperity, must have some hand and some voice in tlieir management or control. It is for this reason I lieg leave to call attention to the commercial position and relations of Atlanta, as connected with Rail roads and their management. Nothing can be more imjioriaiit to any com munity. that makes pretensions to position and prosperity, or that has an ambition in that direction, than to make diligent enquiry and investigation into all the causes of tlie growth and prosperity of other communities, and more especially the causes which affects aud is to affect itself. Let us see then how Atlanta tends in her position and relations a» couipar- d with her neighbors ? And in doing this, let it not be forgotten or denied, that the prosper ity of Atlanta stands inseparably identified with the prosperity of Northern Georgia gene rally. The Railroad and Locomotive, I repeat, are in this age the main means by which towns and communities are built up and sustained. How then does Atlanta stand in relation to these means as compared with her neighliors ? Let us commence with Charleston, and trace out the power that these modern means affords those communities which control them. Char leston controlls the three Railroads that ter minate iu that city, namely, the Carleston & Hamburg, the North-Eastern and the Charles ton & Savannah Railroads, the latter of which is now in process of construction. Savannah controlls the Central, the South- Western. the Atlantic & Gulf Railroads, inclu ding the Main Trunk Road which is in process Of construction, and she intends to control as many more as possible. Augusta controlls the Geoigia. the Atlanta & Lagrange, the Augusta & Waynesboro, and aims also to control as many more as jiossi- ble. Macon controlls the Macon & Western Rail road. aud has some voice in the control of tlie South-Western and Muscogee Roads. Columbus controlls three Roads, the Musco gee. the Opelika and the Mobile & Girard Rail roads. Montgomery controlls the Montgomery & West Point, the Montgomery & Pensacola, the latter in process of construction, and will con trol some two or three other Railroads aliout to be built to terminate in that city. Nashville controlls the Nashville & Chatta nooga. the Nashville & Louisville, and will have a controlling voice in some two or three other important Railroads, now in process of construction to terminate in that city. Knoxville controlls the Georgia & East Ten nessee with the Cleveland & Chattanooga Branch, the East Tennessee & Virginia, and will have a controlling voice in two other im portant Roads, namely, the Rabun Gap and the Knoxville & Lexington Railroads, to ter minate in that city. Does any one ask what hand, what voice the city of Atlanta has in the control of any or all the great lines of Railroad which terminate in her midst ? the answer is. she has no hand, no voice in the control or management of a single mile, or a single loot of Railroad iu the country. Atlanta is located in the very midst of these rival and enterprizing cities wielding these modern means and unrivaled weapons of power and prosperity for their own benefit in every possible way. Atlanta has as yet no weapon of her own of this kind for her own protection and defence. All Northern Geor gia has none in the sense in which we are speaking. Does any one wish to know, and 6urely eve ry one should wish to know what is meant, what can, and what may be done by the con trol or having a voice in the control of these Railroads? These questions can tie answered, and I will try to answer them in part at least, in another article. A CITIZEN. frC’ The following is a list of the new mein= bers of the Legislature elected to fill the va cancies, and to represent the counties formed at- the last session : SENATORS. Hon. Seaborn Hixon, of Schley. Hon. Littlebury Holcomb, of Cherokee. Hon. Cornelius M. Bozeman, of Pulaski. ’ Hon. Jeremiah Wilcher. of Glascock. Hon. John Q. Adams, of Rabun. Hon. Andrew Cumbie. of Mitchell. Hon. E. P. Williams of White. Hon. Norman, McDuffie, of Wilcox. Hon. Harrison W- Riley, of Lumpkin. Hon. Lawson Fields, of Milton. Hon. JohnB. Graham, of Dawson. Hon. John Donaldson, of Fierce. REPRESENTATI YES. Baker- Alfred H. Colquitt. Calhoun—George W. Colley. Dawson- James D. Heard Glascock- -Calvin Logue. Glynn—John L. Harris. Habersham Robert Webb. Irwin—John B. Pomtiny. M ilton—Robert Webb. Mitchell—Augustus S. Jones. Pierce—James Sweat. Randolph Seaborn A. Smith Schley Charles Edwards. Ware—William Brantley. Warren—Aaron Jackson. White—James West. Jr. Wilcox.— Mitchell J. Faulkner. Courtesy lo tlie Press. We think the complaint urged by tbe At lanta Intelligence r against the Secretary of the Atlanta Fair, a vert' just one. It was due to thf Atlanta press that a copy of the list of premi ums. at the late Fair, should have been promptly given to the publishers in that city —ami it was due to the press of the State, who look ed alone to the Atlanta papers for the first publication of the list of premiums. We copied the premium list from the Atlan ta American, and presumed that it was all right, but it there has been any bungling manage ment in the copy furnished for publication, we are not responsible for it: and feel no inclina tion now to critically examine tlie fist and sup ply any deficiency or correct any inaccuracies which may have occurred.—Constitutionalist. A Cemetery wiiliout a Moiiami-iit. The noblest of cemeteries is the ocean. Its poetry and human language, ever will l>e un written. Its elements of sublimity are sub jects of feeling, not description, its records, like the reflection mirrored on its waveless bosom, cannot be transferred to ’taper. Its vastness, its eternal heaving?, its majestic mu sic. in a storm and in its perils, are tilings which I had endeavored a thousand times to conceive, but until I was on its mighty bosom, looking out upon its moving mountain waves, feeling that eternity was distant from nte the thickness of a single plank. I had tried in vain to feel and know the glories and grandeur of the sea. I there first felt what John <>f Pat inos meant when he said of heaven. “There shall be no more sea.” But there is one ele ment of moral sublimity which impressed my mind, and which I should be pleased if I eould transfer, in all its vividness, to the mind of the reader. The sea is the largest of cemetries. and all its slumlierers sleep without a monu ment. All other graveyards, in all lands, show some symbols of distinction between the great and the small, the rich and the poor : but in that ocean cemetery tbe king and the clown, the prince. thei»ea>ant, arealike undistinguish ed, the same wave rolls over all. the same re quiem. the minstrelsy of the ocean, is sung to their honor. Over their remains the same storm beats and the same sun shines: and there, unmarked, tlie weak and the powerful, the plumed and the unhonored. will sleep on until awakened by the same trump, the sea will give up its dead. I thought of sailing over the slumbering but devoted (‘ookruan, who after his brief but brilliant career, perish ed in the President—over the laughter-loving Power: who went down in the same ill-fated vessel we have passed. In that cemetery sleej»s tlie accomplished and pious Fislic-r : but where he and thousands of others of the noble spirits of earth lie. no olte but God knowetb. No marble rises to point out where the lover of the good and wise can tro and shed their tears of sympathy. Who cult tell where lies the tens of thousands of Af rica’s scats who perished in the middle pas sage ?" Yet that cemetery had ornaments of which n<> other are the heavenly orbs rejected in such splendor. Over no other are so many inimitable traces of the power of Jehovah. Never can I forget my days and nights as I passed over the noblest of cemeteries without a single human monument.—tides. Mrs. M. F. Pope. Atlauta, Ga. best Silk Braid Talma—Plate, Mrs. G. T. Dortic, Augusta, Ga. best Em broidered Meriuo Robe—cup, Mrs. James T. N is bet. Augusta, Ga.— best Embroidered Infant’s Shawl;—Plate, KNITTING, &c. Mrs. M. B. Willard, Decatur, Ga. best Knit Coanterpane ;—Plate, J- Cajuk, Secret*. 3 BY JAMES BUCHANAN, President of the United State* of A Proclamation. Whereas information has reached me sources which I cannot disregard. ^^ -mnterpane ;-riate, persons, in violation ofthe neutnditv . ^ .SMS*?- SET 1 - to set on foot a military expedition Vi*^^ . territory against Nicaragua, a forek^i". 05 ' nrtfli nr Vi i/<V> air n vc. n ♦ ^ ~tl Cotton Fringe ;—Plate, Mrs. V A. Mann. Forsyth, co. Ga. l<est Moss Basket—Plate, Miss. M. M. Warwick, Atlanta, Ga. best Fancy Shell Box—Plate, Miss. Sophia Henry. Atlanta. Ga. best Silk Net Tidy—Plate, MrsS. E. Mills. Atlanta, Ga. best Twelve Pair Half Hose ; Mrs. S. E. Mills, Atlanta, Ga. best Four Pair ladies. Hose—Plate, FANCY WORK, KNITTING IN THREAD. &c. Mrs. Carrie Williams. Atlanta, Ga. te-st | their holders, unless the present "ov’emm Crewel Coverlet-Plate, $ 5 j of ^ 1 ," in ° ,la J ha11 ** overthrown by I with which thev are at peace. In ^nf^' 5 raise money for equiping and maintaimw' 0 j expedition, persons connected therewith *** .. have reason to believe, have issued and bonds and other contracts, pledging tb ^ j j lie lands of Nicaragua, and* the°transit their re- through its territory, as a security for *- r0Dte * j j demptii n and fulfilment. ! The hostile design of this expedition dered manifest by the tact, that these «ren. and contracts can be of no possible val Ue "■ t^r 10 10 10 Miss. Julia F. Clayton, Kingston. Ga.— best Crochet Shawl - Plate, Mrs. G. W. 11. Murrell. Covington, Ga. best Piano Cover. Worsted—Plate, PATCH WORK IN COTTON. Mrs. E. H. Gilbert, Hancock, co. Ga. U-«*t Wove Counterpane ; Plate, $5 Mrs. A. A. Harmon. Forsyth co. Ga.— best Patch-Quilt : Plate, 5 Mrs. Virginia Cope, Macon, Ga. best Patch-Work Quilt in Silk : Plate, 5 AMERICAN NEEDLE-WORK. Mrs. Linus White. Atlanta. Ga. best Child’s Dress; Plate, 42 Mrs. Linus White, Atlanta, Ga. best Hankerchief and Colar ; Plate, 3 WORKS OF THE SHOP AND FACTORY. D. M. Young, Atlanta, Ga. best Double Cotton Mattress ; cup, $ 5 Mrs. J. L. Evans. Fulton co. Ga. best Piece Domestic Cassimere ; Plate, New Manchester Factory, Campbell co. Ga. best Bale of Cotton Yarns ; cup, Mrs. Sarah A. Leigh, Rome, Ga. best Pair Woolen Plain ; Plate, 5 G. M‘ McGuire. Forsyth co. Ga. best bar rel Flour. White Wheat ; cup, 5 D. M. Young, Atlanta. Ga. best Shuck and Cotton Mattress ; cup. 5 FARMING IMPLEMENTS. Grey Utley, Orange co. N. C., liest One Horse Mould-Board Plow ; cup. $ 5 E. H. Bloodworth, Griffin, Ga. liest Two Horse Mould-Board Plow ; cup, 5 M. M. Hall. Milledgeville, Ga. best iron Mould-Board Plow ; cup, 5 Grey Utley. Oronge co. N. C.. best Sub soil Plow : cup, 5 Joseph Banks, Deadville, Ala. best Cot ton Scraper Plow ; cup, 5 E. H. Rloodwortli. Griffin, Ga. best sweep Plow ; cup, 5 D. N. Lewis, Cartersville. Ga. best Two Horse Wagon ; cup, a Joseph Winship & Co., Atlanta. Ga. best Thresher ; cup. A. Eobbin, Cartersville, Ga. best Fan : cup. J. Winship & Co., Atlanta. Ga. best cot ton Gin : Pitcher, T. C. Nisbot. Macon, Ga. liest Cotton Press, Joseph Banks, Dadeville, Ala., best aud largest lot of Agricultural Implements : cup. M. M. Hall. Milledgeville, Ga. best sei*d Planter ; cup. 5 S. A. A A. 8. Hough. Oxford, Ga. best Patent Wagon Brake ; cup, 5 T. H. Wilson X Bro.. Athens. Ga. best Horse Power ; cup, 5 Bickford x Huffman. New York, best Seed Sower ; Special Premium ; Cup, 5 WOOD AND IRON. J. Winship x Co., Atlanta, liest Pannel Doors, cup. $ 5 J. Winship x Co., best Window Sash— cup. 5 J. Winship X Co., best Window Blinds— cup, 5 W. C. Henderson, Greenesboro’, Geor gia, best Buggy—cup, Mike Haller. Marietta, Georgia, best- Cask for Wine—cup, Theophilus Harris. Atlanta, liest Rifie- Gun—cup, Besides, the envoy extraordinary"^ $3 ter plenipotentiary of that govemm t . nt United States, has issued a notice in , ^ - 1 U pursy. ance of his instructions, dated on theV^^ stent, forbiding the citizens or subjects 1 ,r or subjects of oiidintf fo „ rc J nation.except passengers inti . throw h Nicaragua over the Transient^ front ocean to ocean. 1.1 enter it.-, territory » out a regular passport, signed bvtbe ’ ' minister or oonsul-general r.t tk„ r boy resident in the country* from wheSjJjjJ: have departed. Mich persons, with this ception, "will be stopped, and eompdfoi', 1 ' k> " “ return by the same conveyance that t • ^ ier * them to the country.” From these diem stances, the inference is irresistible that i,i r s.Disengaged in this expedition will 1«, ,■„*!?' . United States with hostile purposes aesi!/ Nicaragua. Thev cannot ■* under the ^ for, *1 * peaofo n* “* emigrants, conceal their real intentions J forth • especially when they know, in advanr* ,i . their landing will be resisted, and raL * eriou be accomplished by an overpowering f,, rtv f Sout This expedient was successfully resorted u previous to the last expedition, and the v*. in which those composing it were cunvtrt to Nicaragua, obtained a clearance from"*! ***“*» collector of the port of Mobile. Althoori «•—’* rl after a careful examination, no arms or mill save i tions of war were discovered on hoard \,t 10 20 10 when they arrived in Nicaragua, thev » , urim found to be armed and equipped and im m J:;" tliMP? atcly commenced hostilities. o lend The leaders of former illegal expeditions,' L aka the same character have openly ^ their intention to renew hostility ; ^ Nicaragua. One of them, who has alrtjd, *388 been twice expelled from Nicaragua. electio vited, through the public newspapers, Aec kan citizens to emigrate to that republic. ^ ghouW has designated Mobile as the place of rendu- vous and departure, and Jan Juan del Non, as the port to which they are bound. V. ae ^‘ person, who has renounced Lis allegian rt i' j F a the United States, and claims to le Prcsider * j* of Nicaragua, has given notice to the collr tor of the port of Mobile that two or ti.' v d, no 0 hundred of these emigrants will u_- pp-pany th and to embark from that port about the middLi )U nd ai November. For these and other good reason*.. si.,| , en 8CVe the purpose of saving American citirtusvb h» Den may have been honestly deluded into the :*■ riling d lief that they are about to pr< iceed to .Vicars he Irisl gua tis peaceful emigrants, if any such tier- . t] be, from the disastrous consequences to why 1 **** 1 they will 1** exposed. I. James Ruchau. distract President of the l nited states, have thoezi: e of w*li it fit to issue this my proclamation enjok'l Donoc upon all officers of the government, civil j spheres, tok- ch will *1 to it 10 We. tlie Judges of the Fruit and Horticul tural Department, have made the following awards : Peters Harden & Co., Atlanta, largest and liest variety ci Table Apples. 5 R. Johnson, l est last Keeping Apple, 5 W. N. White, largest and best variety of Pears. 5 Peters. Harden & Co., best collectioi. Peaches, 5 Peters. Harden, & Co., largest andbestcol lection of Apple Trees, 2 Peters. Harden, & Co., largest and liest collection of budded and grafted Pear Trees, 5 Peters. Harden. & Co., largest and best collection of Ozier or Basket Willow. 2 Good lot of late Peaches, exhibited hy Henry Camp. 'The Judges think them wor thy cf notice. One very fine lot of assorted Apples, hy J. Bowman. Good lot oi Aples, exhibited by Mr. Fen tress, of Greensboro’ N C—worthy of notice. One lot iff Beets, by E Hatchet—very good. Also, Lot of Almonds, by Peters, Har den & Co. Lot of Vegetables, by Mrs. J W Shepard; and one bushel of Onions, by J C Ayeoek— ali worthy of notice. military, in their respective vigilant, active, and faithful m suppress; these illegal enterprises, and iu carryiujoc: any* 1 their standing instructions t<* that the b hurting all good citizens, by their resp-r*.: fo the laws aud their regard for the ptft.e ik r ® IBn o welfare of tlie country, t*> aid thr t-ff 'rts i*: ti.- public authorities in the discharge •■:'their<k mph of ties. In testimony whereof. I have hereunto* « was o my hand and caused the- States t< > le affixed to the* Done at the city of Wash [l. s.j eth day of October. hundred and fifty-*.. .. m . 'u dependence of th nite>: t eightv-third. JAMES BUCHAN A V By the President : I.bwis C’ass. Secretary of State. ts defea eor par ns to ol breaks < momeffi ire are s n the D vivifiet his ever it has i Mr. Clay to the Boy*. The West ern Farmers' Almanac for 1S59 con tains a lettea from the satre of Ashland to one of his namesakes, which has never before been published. an*l is so characteristic of that great man, that we take great pleasure in transfer- ing it to ou r columns : Ashland. July 7th, 1854. riXE ARTS. G W Latham, Atlanta. Geological Chart— cup. 5 Tucker X Perkins, Augusta, Photographic Portraits—cup, 5 JohnMaier, Atlanta. Fruit Painting in Oil -cup. 5 Mrs. Brumulier. Atlanta - Hair Work. Xe. Plate, 5 Mrs. R B Clayton, Macon, Oil Painting— Plate, 5 Miss E Baily, Alaliama, Case of Wax Fruit —Plate. 5 Mrs. R T Asbury, Griffin, Leather Work and Ornamental Painting—Plate, 5 Miss Jo Latimer, Cass county, Painting on Glass—Plate. 5 C 8 Oliver. Athens. Sculpture in Wood— cup, ’ 10 MAVerAOTURZS OF LEATHER. My ltear Little Amnesake: Your parents have dime you the honor to trive my name to you. On that account, and at the request of your good mother. I address this note which she wishes to preserve for your perusal, when, by the laps* ■ t time, you shall have attained D M MeClesty. Athens. Georgia, liest Do zen Pair of Brogans—cup. $ 5 Multbie. ClevelandX Co., Lawrenceville. Georgia, hugest and liest collection of Leath er—assorted—cup, 10 Multbie, Cleveland & Co., liest half-dozen Calf Skins -cup, 5 STONE AND M.VRBl.E s B Oatman. Atlanta. Georgia, best Mar ble Monument—cup. * $ 10 MACHINERY. E G Camp, Nashville. Tenn. best Porta ble Steam Engine, at work on Fair Ground— cup. MISCELLANEOUS. Jifft-noniana. All doubt and dispute as to the autboishf vanqui of the Declaration of Independc*.e area; deupli end. It was written by Jefferson. He ''-"mid now in a letter written in 1819. that it wassigu: ( by every member present on the 4th of Jus’ . -** except Mr. Dickinson. New-Y'oik. ti;a e some n sign till the 15th ; Pennsylvania, still Lcel secures and Kew-Hampshire, by Mr. ThronU-n. that t till the 4th of November. mtalon ‘‘The Congressional Journal.” says Mr k " dall speakes of but one signing. And - With th< " iiit'oT.aed that the paper copy which h? - iredfron " tersoni so repeatedly and particularly a . " tions as signet! <>n the 4th, is not no* *» we ** " existence.” In Ills cotemporaneousu'^val witl Mr. Jefferson, according to Randall, say- igt so loi •• "The Declaration thus signed on the t *• on paper, was engrossed on parchment > . " signed again on the 2d of August. says Mr. Randall, “we think we ha\e be: .8 work ol " formed that the engrossed copy of the l*ough dc “ laratiou was not on parchment. Then Q f j “ Jefferson was mistaken in that imp "-, . , .. "particular.” Mr. Randal! asks ."y lcnitw “ became of the signed copy ? It was. -1* 8 mome *• probability, purposely destroyed when est and til “ second copy was made complete. - ' liich has Ben. Randolph, the cabinet maker * res tg G f t adelphia, in whose house Jefferson first leg ,, made the desk on which the Declaration * ® written. That desk is now in possesion v'f tiie Soi gentleman in this city, who married a,whose exj daughter of Mr. Jefferson. The Dedal* hoeebeii was written iu the house of a Mr. Grac' bricklayer, on the south side of Market sts*' between 7th and Sth streets, of w' ’. 1 ferson hired a jar lor and be«i-ro< v Mr. Jefferson in a letter to th , Mease. Septeml*er 26. 1825. Transcript. Drowned. A young man. named Scalei 8. C., about 18 years of.age, front a boat in the river, near Carolina Bridge, on Saturday 1 tely drowned. His body hast ed yet.—Augusta Dispatch. G W Stoeckel. Rome. Georgia, best Geor gia Raised Manufactured Tobacco—cup. $ 5 Menard & Burghard. Macon. Georgia, liest Gold Watch, made in Macon Georgia— an age that will enable you to comprehend and ! ^P* . appriciate its friendly purport. . 3C Hodgms & Son Macou. Georgia, lar- Your parents entertain fond hopes of «i» I rie s Pocket Knife recommended to iavo- able notice. J P Mason A Co., Atlanta, Georgia, liest Bound Ledger— Piate. $ 5 A S Edmonson, Marietta. Georgia, best Printing and Wrapping Paper -cup 6 F A & J 8 Williams, Atlanta, best IX of, Atlanta made Furniture—cup, 10 M A Crews. Abbeville. S C, lies* ri»ud and you ought to strive not to disappoint them. They wish you to be good, respected, eminent. Yon can realize t» eir most sanguine hopes, if you firmly resolve to do so. bv judicious em ployment of your time and your faculties.— Shun bad company and all disipation, its in evitable consequence. Study diligently and perseveringly. You will be surprised at the case with which yon will master branches ot' j Loom—cup. knowledge, which, on first view, will fright- I s M King Augusta. GeotgiRdhiugle Ala. en you. Make honor, probity, truth andprin- j chine—recommended to fav cable notice, as a triple your invariable guide. Be obedient, and meritorious machine, and ^ draw and joint alwavseflectionately respectful toyour parents. 1.000 shingles per hour Assiduously cultivate virtue and religion. T C Nisbet. Macou **°*E». *Sugar Mill rec. the surest guaranty of happiness, both here ommended to favorr^-' notice, and hereafter. In your intercourse with your ; Augusta Stove jtt'ks Georgia best lot of fellow beings be firm, but at the same time stoves of differeu^rd*- cup, $10 bland, and courteous, and obliging. Recog- j e HartsfieU'“ enr >' county. Georgia, nise at all times the paramount right of your best sundry lot* ver >' ingenious Tools. Ala- country to your most devoted services, wheth- ; chinerr, ic.-^P.’ 6 er she treats you ill or well, and never let sel- j \y President. xc, Atlanta Georgia fish views or interests predominate over the } heautilnl/^P for ‘f* re Engine—recouunen- duties of patriotism * to n«" cu ^ r notice. By regulating yourself according to these Atlayf^lMdre and Wheel Co., Atlanta, rules, you may becora respected and great, bo best ^cun en of Spoke*, Hulls and Wheels an ornament to your country, and a blestng ' CU p..-' 16 to your parents. That such may lie your des- j tedoony . Macon. Georgia, best Lodi for tiny is the sincere wish of their and your e, *>n bailing—Plate. g friend, H. Clay. { E Q Ashcroft, Newuan, Georgia Washing AIasth Bant Clay—. —Plato, j Sanctity or the Bench.— Pennsylvania, iu resigning bench a short time ago, took press the following sentimen; I was and I am through reading and reflection, that i can lie elected by reason of any question of politics, t real power of the judicial otS |SU Lightening rods tel the clouds—enlightening rr bad bo vs. ON i. ii*— u*», f' A PROCLAM (iKOKUIA By JOSEPH K BROWN.Horereor *11 T HEREA>. ii Lag -Kxi Aim » T on ns. as a pevi*i<> in turn y. io ctvvu our labors islh r:rii b!rt preserve <;* from »or, bunerr wJ out his holy >'*-■' upon us it o whereas. tlu-einanifeKut •*»* **t Us loving kin-oe**. .vlm-minh uaoT tv which a« a iwjde **f s great •if ev<T tro.ul in.! [Krleet jrtft. it 1 tumble :iml thankful renJeruu: mine, “in |*salms atu! hymns an-J ‘ sn.1 making tiwhxlr in *>ur heart- . thanks always for all ilun^- 1 *lo, Uierefore, sane ths, uiy ft** - apart Thursday, ihe Doth day of L’s day of tliaiiKS irivint: and pra\-,-r A : tnvile the different roncregatioi*s giotx denominations of every tune « d>i at their respective places .if wcrslrp • Ulite in returning thanks amt stnf * g P’’- <br his wisi<t.-r.iis works tn the e "- prayer for Hi. protecting care in Mure that tile Psaluitst bas Saul. -‘Let tl * ?’1 then shall Uie earth yieHl her w - '' • * •sir God, shall bless us."‘ Given under my baud and the ^ Dp't. al the Capitol in Mille. ye • W ‘‘ November in tbe year of «ar’* "- ■ dred and Sity-etght and *f a. Isdci** 1- the railed Stale* of Atuecka - j K S-tH K H8B* j By the Governor : 8. H. Warns, Uac’f b. Da* >' *-