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THE SOUTHERNffWORLD, FEBRUARY 1, 1882, Mnnufnciurlnir In Atlanta. Atlanta (Georgia) is a marvel to the world. Her rapid increase in population since 1805 has not been more marked than ber growth as a commercial and railroad center. Witlr out facilities cf either coal or water, such as enjoyed b f other cities, she has steadily developed as a manufacturing point of no mean pretensions. The value of her raanti' factoring interests now reach into the mil' lions. While we' do not now intend to touch upon the philosophy of Atlanta’s de velopment, vne propose speaking of some of her industries. As the “farmer feeds all,” so the plow is the Genesis of agricultural improvement, In 1870 a quiet, unostentatious gentleman came to Atlanta and located on Marietta street, running back to the right of way of the Western & Atlantic Railroad. Mr. Elias Haimnn, the gentleman referred to, erected several shops and began making plows. Everything was made in the shops that could possibly be done. He selected his wood with great care, and stored it away to season. The plows were made of the best American steel. Nearly all the machinery used in fashioning and completing the plows was invented by Mr. Haiman himself. Plows of every pattern are made here, and find a ready market in all the Southern States. As his business increased, Mr. Hai- man added to his works, until now he has a front of 580 feet on Marietta street, and em ploys some 300 hands. He has separate engines to run the wood-working depart ment and machine shop, and an engine of 100-liorse power to run the machinery nsed in forging, hammering,grinding and polish ing, and in running the foundry. The works turn out an immense number of plows daily, their capacity being double that of last year. A track from the W. & A. R. R. runs into the yards, discharging material for the works by the car load. The upper yard is stored with lumber laid up for seasoning. The works are known as the “ Southern Agricultural Works." The value of these works in real estate is over $100,- 000. Mr. Haiman may possibly add wagon- nidking to his other productions. The Clarke Seed Cotton Cleaner Manu facturing Company manufacture their machine at Mr. Johnson’s shops. This is a valuable machine for clcuning trash and storm cotton, and is growing into popularity with amazing rapidity. The capacity for making these cleaners is about 3.000 per annum. The demand is equal to the sup ply, and an enlargement of the shop is necessary. The price of the machines are $75. It was awarded $100 and a gold medal at the Cotton Exposition as the best ma chine for cleaning dirt, dust, sand and trash out of cotton. Just opposite of Mr. Haiman’s are the shops of Mr. Joseph H. Johnson, who makes plows, gins, gin-gearing, cotton presses, and agricultural machinery. Mr. Johnson is developing a good line of business, which is bound to grow to larger dimensions. SCIENTIFIC AND MISCELLANEOUS. A train made a trial trip through the St. Gothard tunnel in fifty minutes, returning in thirty-three. Two Philadelphia mechanics claim to hare discovered a device for running street cars by a series of powerful steel springs. At the end of each trip the car is to be wound up like a clock. The Illinois Industrial University has set a model for other mechanical institutes to follow. The course of practical education comprises pattern making, moulding and founding, blacksmi thing, bench work,'ma chine tool work, etc. Philadelphia manufactures more carpets than the whole of Great Britain, and two- thirds of all made in the United States. It is further stated that many of the carpet manufacturers are rich, and are growing richer every day. In the German empire there are 59,008 flour-mills, employing 120,563 hands. There are 79,252 bakeries, employing 120,034hands. The proportion of mills to the population is larger than in any other country. A great number of them are grist mills, how ever, and do only a small local trade. A new speed indicator, called the strath- mograph, for indicating the speed of loco- . motives, has been introduced on the Hanoverian railroads. By it the engineer can read from a scale the actual speed of his locomotive at any moment, besides a record of the trip kept on a strip of paper. There is a scheme on foot for a circum- vallating canal at New Orleans starting about Carrollton, running in a semi-circular course behind the city and emptying into the river at the barracks. It will be 300feet wide and 30 feet deep, and will serve not only to drain the city but also for purposes of navigation, giving the city two water fronts. Congress will be asked for an ap propriation to assist tbe work. The deodorizing punkah, or chemical lung, has not come a moment too soon. It is cheap, effective, universally wanted, and of universal application. It is simply rough towel, stretched and kept saturated with carbolic acid or caustic soda in solu tion. This, waved punkah fashion in a sick room, purifies the air in a very short time. At a trifling cost work-rooms full of old and young peoplo craving for oxygen can be made sweet and wholesome. The following figures indicate the wide difference still existing in the economic conditions of railroads in Europe and America. Operating railroads cost in 1880, in England, 42.14 per cent, of the receipts; Germany, 45 per cent.; Belgium, 58.0 per cent.; Switzerland, 55.4 percent.; Italy, 01.5 per cent.; America, 58.5 per cent. Thegross receipts j»er mile were, in France, $13,000; in England, $17,450, and in America, $0,240. Thebe is no country in the world growing rich faster than this. The rate of increase in wealth is two millions ot dollars a day. The annual increase of wealth in the United States is estimated at eight hundred and twenty-five millions, while the annual accu mulation in Great Britain is three hundred and twenty-five millions; in France three hundred and seventy-six millions, and in Germany only two hundred millions. An nual incomes reach the highest averages in this country and Great Britain—one hundred and sixty-five dollars. When ten or coffee pots have been used a long time they become thoroughly saturated and give off enough of the stale remains of previous drawings to greatly impair the fine aroma that good tea or coffee always posses ses. Pots of tin plate (tin pots) that have not lost their coating of tin so as to leave spots of the iron bare, and pots of earthen ware can be made os pure and good ns new by nearly filling them with heated water and then dropping live (wood) coals into them and allowing them to stand with the coals in the water for a few minutes. It is said that fire-proof houses can be built of cotton and straw. In preparing these materials, raw cotton of inferior quality, the scattered refuse of plantations and sweepings of factories, are mixed and converted into a paste, which becomes as hard as stone, and then is called architect ural cotton. It may be nade in large slabs, whereby the building of a house would be rapid in comparison with laying brick after brick, and at about one-third the cost. For the other part wheat straw is treated in a way already known, and converted into paste-board. The sheets thus prepared are soaked in a solution, which hardens the fibers, and are then compressed under enor mous power into beams and boards of any required size, and the effect of the soaking is said to render them difficult of combus tion. Experiments are being made in New Or leans upon a street pavement composed of blocks of Cuban asphalt combined with crushed limestone. The blocks are 12 by 5 by 4 inches, and are compressed by a weight of 50 tons to the block. The advantages claimed for this pavement are noiselessness, cleanliness, impenetrability by water, and the ease with which it cvn be taken up and roplaccd. The Commissioner of Crown Lands for the province of Ontario estimates the loss in ten years from waste in cutting square pine, in that province alone, at over three and-a- hnlf millions of dollars, all of which would be saved if the round log were taken to the mill. This does not include the waste of the upper portions of the tree, which is also needlessly cast away when square timber is made. AFbenchman, M. de Bfschop, recently won a prize of $200 for a small motor suited to use in families. His engine is worked by gas, and the operation costs, at the prices current in Paris, 2 cents an hour for ma chines doing 30.17 foot pounds per second; 5 cents an hour for machines performing at the rate of 108.8 foot pounds per second. The smaller machines are sold for $100; the larger ones for $180. Europe is said to use up annually 80,915 tons weight of wood in matches alone. Germany burns more matches than any other country, a German economist says, because of the prevalent habit of -smoking. In that country it is estimated that every day fifteen matches per head of the popula tion are used; in Belgium about nine; in England eight, and in France six. The consumption decreases steadily from north to south. On the average the population of Europe may be said to burn six or seven matches per head every day. From 600 to 800 glass eyes are sold in Chicago every year, and it is estimated that there are now one thousand wearers of glass eyes in that city. The best eyes are made at Uri, in Germany, which is located in the vicinity of fine silicates and other minerals needed in the manufacture of eyes. Some wearers of glass eyes have two kinds for use, one for daylight with a small pupil, another for the night with a large pupil correspond ing to the greater dilation of the natural eye, during darkness. One of the most curious properties of quicksilver is its capability of dissolving or of forming amalgams with other metals. A sheet of gold foil, dropped into quick silver, disappears almost as quickly as a snowflake when it drops into water. It 1ms the power of separating or of readily dis solving those refractory metals which are not acted upon by our most powerful acids. The gold and silver miners pour it into their machines holding the powdered gold- bearing quartz; and, although no human eye can detect a trace of the precious sub stance, so fine are the particles, yet the liquid metal will hunt them out, and incor porate it into its mass. By subsequent dis tillation it yields it into the hands of the miners, in a state of virgin purity. The Inman Steamship Company achieved the distinction of putting afloat the largest vessel designed for mercantile and passenger business ever constructed—leaving the Great Eastern out of the count—and is likely to retain it. The City of Rome was heralded long in advance of her appearance, and great things promised in her name. She made one trip to New York some weeks ago, encountering some of the lough weather which buffeted the Atlantic fleets so severe ly during the closing months of 1881. It is said that on returning to Liverpool she was found to be so badly wrenched that the company threw her back on the hands of tho builders. That something is awry in ber case is evident, for her name has been withdrawn from the Inman advertisements. That a number of small steamers went to the bottom during tho November hurricanes is no longer doubted. Tho larger craft rode the waves safely, none, excepting the City of Rome, receiving disabling injuries. The mean of safety embraced vessels ranging from 3,000 to 0,000 tons burden. Beyond this limit experience is likely to prove it unwise to go on in constructing steamships, on the prevailing model. How to Keep Lamp Chimneys.—The fol lowing receipt for keeping lamp chimneys from cracking is taken from the Diamond, a Leipzig journal devoted to the glass inter est: Place your tumblers, chimneys or vessels which you desire to keep from crack ing in a pot filled with cold water and a little cooking salt, allow the mixture to boil well over a fire, and then cool slowly. Gloss treated in this way is said not to crack, even if exposed to very sudden changes of tem perature. Chimneys are said to become very durable by this process, which may also be extended to crockery, stone ware, porcelain, etc. The process is simply one of annealing, and the slower the process, especially the cooling portion of it, the more effective will be the work. The preserve factory at St. Augustine, Fla., is doing so large a business that it has to be enlarged. The immense oyster beds in the vicinity of St. Augustine, Fla., if properly managed, would prove a great industry. The Lobdell Car-wheel Company, of Wil mington, Del., has purchased 1,500 acres in Wythe county, Va., for its coal deposits. A New England company has decided to build a three hundred thousand dollar cot ton factory at Fort Worth, Texas. Six hundred and fifty operatives are em ployed in the Wesson mills, Mississippi. The mills run twenty-two out of the twenty- four hours frequently. A party of English capitalists are devel oping the coal interests near Dayton, Tenn. They propose mining coal on an extensive scale, erect coke ovens and an iron furnace. A consolidation of the iron mills of St. Louis has been effected, with a capital of $5,000,000. The number of new railroads in construction in the West makes an active demand for iron. Eleven thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight people are employed ip the manufacture of cotton in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and Tennessee; double the number employed in 1870. There are six large cotton mills in and around Petersburg, Va. They have 28,000 spindles, and the past year consumed about 11,000 bales of cotton, and manufactured over 11,000,000 yards of cloth. Fall River, Mass., has had a prosperous building year. Four new mills have been started, which use 125,000 spindles, and add over $1,500,000 to the manufacturing capital of the city, and four more mills will bo done by spring, which will raise the total number of new spindles to at least a quarter of tu million. Colonel Jordon, the energetic agent of the Palmetto Paper Company is procuring large quantities of palmetto leaves for his compa ny. All kinds of Palmetto are made use of —the common saw palmetto, the blue ham mock palmetto, and the cabbage palm leaves. Care has been exercised to exclude any cal cined pieces. The leaf and the stem are both made use of.—[Fernandina Mirror. Kentucky contains one of the largest beds of iron ore in the world, a largo part of which is so located as to be easy of development. There are two extensive coal fields in the State, combining a united area of over 13,000 square miles. The western fields, which comprise over three-fourths of this area, contain an immense tonnage of bituminous coal, together with large deposits of cannel coal, the latter of which is unusually pure and ridh. It will not be long before Ken tucky joins the column of manufacturing 8tates; and Texas, having the same advan tages, will follow suit. Where the Boulders Come From. 1NDUSTKIAL ITEMS. Chattanooga, Tenn., has a new stovo com pany. Monticello, Fla., is to have a cotton-seed oil mill. The Huntsville, Ala., cotton mills are in operation. Bennett and Llano county, Texas, have fine marble. Rockinohau, N. C., has a $200,000 cotton mill with 4,000 spindles. A cotton mill is to be erected in Stone- ville, Washington county, Miss. The maximum yearly production of iron ore in Kentucky is 105,420 tons. The Ledbetter cotton mill, in the vicinity of Rockingham, Va., is completed. Leak, Wall A McRae's cotton mill, near Rockingham, Va., is turning out thread. All have seen the immense boulders called lost rock ” in some sections, scattered over the northern part of the United States, which have little or no resemblance to nny mass of rocks any where in the vicinity, and have perhapsoskedthequestion: Where did they come from? Also the heaps of sand, gravel, and cobble stone of various sizes, which form many of our ridges, knolls and hills, and which are totally unlike any fixed rock near them. All these phenome na are attributed to a single cause, and that is the great sheet of ice which nature stored up ages ago without the necessity of pro tecting it in an ice-house. According to Agassiz, the sheet of ice extended in this country as far south as South Carolina or Alabama, and was thick enough to cover ail the mountains of the eastern part of North America, with the exception of Mt. Washington. This peak projected, a lone sentinel qn that vast waste of ice, two or three hundred feet. In the latitude of northern Massachusetts, he conceives the ice to have been two and three miles thick The boulders were all torn off by tbe advanc ing ice sheet, from the projecting rocks over which it moved, and carried or pushed as “ bottom drift," scratching and plowing the surface over which they passed, and be ing scratched and polished themselves in re turn, till they were finally brought to rest by the melting of the ice. They were not carried as far south as the ice sheet extend ed, seldom beyond the parallel of forty de grees north. The native copper of Lake Su perior was drifted four or five hundred miles south; and the pudding stones of Rox- bury, Mass., were carried as far south as the Island of Psnlkese,—Srivnttfo Amtrican.