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TfiE SOUTHERN WORLD, JtTLY 16,1882. Jptf Southern $goM Published on (lie 1st and 13th of each Month BY TUB MOUTHER!* WORLD PUBLISHING CO., ATLANTA, CKOUUIA. Incorporated—Paid up Capital, 920,000. D. C. BALENTINE, President and Manager T. B. CARTMELL, Secretary and Treasurer. W. 0. WHIDBY, Editor. ^ R NEWMAN,’ } Contributing Editors. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION l One year, postage paid, #1.00 Subscriptions can commence at any time during year. Hample ooples sent tree to all who send us their address. CIRCULATION, - • 80,000 COPIES. RATES OF ADVERTISINGS Legitimate advertisements will be Inserted St the following rates; Inside pages, each insertion, per line • - Sets. Outside page *’ - • 85 eta. lteadlng Notlces -60 eta. All advertisements charged by solid Agate measure ment, it lines to the Inch. No extra charge (or cute. The southern Would has the largest circulation and Is the best advertising medium In the Mouth. TO CORRESPONDENTS.—It laourHltntommke the Houthkkn World a medium for the diffusion of S radical Information upon all Agricultural and [echanlcal subject*, and to thin end we Invite com munications upon all rural subjects, experimental reaults, crop news, domestic economy, etc., and upon topics of Interest to Mechanics, Manufacturers and Miners. Address all letters to MOUT1IEBN WORLD PUBLISHING CO., Atlanta, Georgia. ATLANTA, GEORGIA, JULY 15, 1882. WEATHER BULLETIN In the Cotton Belt ft-ora June 23 to July 0. OlWKItVEIt'8 OKKICK BIUNAL SERVICE, U.S. A., K i MI1A1.1. House, Atlanta, (1a. Thor. Ay, Max. | Av. Min | MlgttMax I Low'tl Max Atlanta Augusta.... Charleston Calves ton. Mobile Montg'ry... Memphis... Littleltock N. Orleans Vicksburg. Savannah. Wllmln't'n M on 28th 98 on 28tli U8 on 29th 99 on 90th lot on 26th 98 oil 20th 98 on 25th HU on 28th 93 on 90th 97 on 90th 97 no 26th 98 on 28th 82 011 6th 84 oil 6tll 84 on cth 90 on nth *4 on 8tli 82 on 5th 80 un 5th 80 on 7th so un Nth 89 nn 8th 87 on Nth 83 on 6th Average maximum of cotton belt (rum June ... July 9, Inclusive—91°. Average minimum of cotton belt (rom June 25 to RAINFALL. Atlanta..... 1.88 greatest .41 on 1st July. Augusta 2.96 •• .57 on 3d July. Charleston t.SO “ ,82on 2d July. Mobile 1.97 •• .08on 3oth June. Montgomery 2.70 “ .72 on 4th July. Memphis 2.06 " .72 on 3d July. Littleltock 3.31 •• .98on4th July. New Orleans 40 •• .26 on 4th July. Vicksburg 23 •• .12 on 26th June. Savannah. 2.01 “ .88 on 8th July. Wilmington ijw ** .man3d July. 1.78 •* .49 011 l8t Jaly. 23.01 3 Total ralnlnll In cotton belt 23.01 Inches. Creates! (all at one place-l.lttle Hock—3.31. Greatest (all one day—July 3-4.71 Inches. CHARACTER OF WEATHER—NUMBER OF DAYS. Clear. Cloudy. Jhl Atlanla............................. 4 io 1 Augusta n .1 u Galveston 3 2 6 Indlanola .10 2 3 Key Weat — 8 8 5 Mobile 6 8 2 Montgomery...... 7 6 3 New Orleans 9 4 2 Pensacola 654 Palestine 7 6s Savannah 637 PJWMJUM NO. 6. (Order by number.) SPECIALJFFER. THE HOUTHERN WORLD FOR MIX MONTHS and a handsome steel engraving entitled, •‘NUNNHINE AND NHADUW,» FOR FIFTY CENTS, (and a three cent stamp to pay postage on picture.) In order to leave no opportunity unimproved, we make this unexampled niter to those who may wish to lake the Southern World on trial. This picture In very .handsome, and Is 19 by M In. In else. It retire ■tents a young farmer Just putting aside bis work to enjoy noon refreshments. On the ground, near a tall ■tune fence, are hta canteen, coat and spade. Uls wife haa just come with bis dinner, end the two chil dren, all looking happy and contented with life. She Is turned with her bock to the looker-on, holding In one hand the basket ot dinner, while with the other, abe la transferring the Infant child to Its father’s arms. He Is taking It with tender care,while un expres alon of happy pride mlnglea with that of fatigue and almost overcomes It, to greet Menu to be his admira tion for the little one. On the other aide of her moth er a little girl, apparently about four years of age, stands with her dolly and a long bunch of grass In ont hsnd, and with the other pretends to aaalat mam ma with the basket, looking saucily up Into papa's face, as If tossy, “You don’t know what’s In here for you I” Around them are growing wild flowers and tall grass, while the scene Is flooded with the bright beams of the noon-day sunlight. In the dark background Is a grove or wood, where a silent, lonely flgure, draped In widow's weeds, ■lands amid the shadows, and with a sad, downcast countenance, gases upon the happy group before her with a far-away look, as If recalling the days when ■ha too, was happy, or viewing the contrast between this family and her own blighted life. It can but touch tbo hearts of both sldea-the happy and the onhappy. Address HOUTHERN WORLD, Atlanta, Go. Our young friends contesting for the pre miums offered to boys under 10 will pleas j report condition of crops and their pros pects. The papers have so frequently told of short-horned cattle, now some of them are talking of short-horned men. They must live in Maine, Kansas or Iowa? The special committee of ladies to arrange a premium list for girls under 10 in the Southern States, will ''meet at Kirkwood Academy at 4 o’clock r. m., on Monday, July 17th. Personal Paragraphs. Joseph B. Odell, of Clear Spring, Grainger county, Tennessee wishes to know the post office address of W. T. Atkins. Mrs. M. E. Reynolds, of Midway, Texas, desires to know the present residence of W. C. Reynolds, who lived in Atlanta, in 1871. Be Prndent and Economical. The reports indicate a heavy falling off in the present corn crop. Fanners should ex ercise the utmost prudence and economy. Do not sell your oats at a sacrifice. Save all the forage you can and retain oats enough for feed. Be sure you have supplies enough at home before you sell. “A reader” writes us from Warrcnton, Georgia, as follows: ’’We like the Wobld, but do not like to see so ntuclt reading mat ter taken from the Index, as we are a reader of both, and do not like to masticate our food more titan once.” The Southern World does not copy matter from the Index. We state this witli emphasis so that our War rcnton friend may understand who does the copying. His erroneous impression arises from the fact that several articles have been copied without credit. Noutli Carolina Agricultural Conven, lion. Union County, 8. C. Editor Southern World.—The time of the meeting of the State Agricultural Soci ety witli the State Grange lias just been fixed, to take place at Anderson C. H., 8. C., on the8th of August next. I ant happy to Invite you to be present at our meeting. Our next fair comes oiT November 14th. D. F. Duncan, President S. C., Agricultural and Mechanical Society. H. Ksiirauuii, lecturer of the National Grange, clearly sets forth the object of the Grange in the following ringing sentences: ‘‘The object of thus uniting the farmers into a fraternal organization is to enable them to protect themselves and their interests by educating themselves in the Grange—to more fully understand agriculture and its science, the rotation it bears to other inter ests, and to become familiar with the rights and privileges to whiclt they may have claims under a just government, and the duties they owe to themselves, their fami lies, their neighbors ami government. . . . Our Grange meetings are farmers’ schools where every member becomes both a teacher and scholar. Hero we educate ourselves to become better farmers, by studying and dis cussing the science of agriculture, its varied interests and importance. Here we also ed ucate ourselves to understand the varied questions of political economy and the af fairs of government; this makes us better citizens as well as better farmers, and more generally useful as farmers and as citizens. And when so educated we shall exert an in fluence socially and politically in every de partment of life, that will leud to the recti fying of errors which now exist, and relieve the farmers from many burdens and errors with which they have been unjustly taxed and have so patiently borne for years.” Uorn, Cotton and Tobaeeo. Tlte Bastrop (La.) Ilepublican has the fol lowing estimates of the relative cost of pro ducing corn, cotton and tobacco, made upon the basis of cost of day labor, and may be used for approximate calculations: AN ACRE or CORN. Breaking up one acre for corn 92 00. Opening and planting 1 00 Fertilizer and application, 200 lbs 3 60 First hoeing and replanting 75 First and seednd plowing 2 00 Laying by 1 00 Harvesting and shucking 1 00 Total cost $12 26 With a favorable season, on fair land, this cultivation should produce say 8 barrels of corn, or 40 bushels, at 76 cents, worth $30. To this is to be added the value of fodder, tops and shucks, say $3. To the cost, inter est. taxes and rent of land (if rented, one- fourth) is to bs added. This would make the cost say $10, showing a profit of about 100 per cent AN ACRE or COTTON. Breaking and planting $3 26 Barring and scraping with plow 1 60 One and a half days labor with hoe.... 1 12 Man and horse to mould up 1 00 One and a half days’ labor with hoe... 1 12 Man and horse to plow middles 1 00 Second hoeing, days „ 1 12 Share moulding 1 00 Last plowing and hoeing 2 12 Picking 760 lbs., at 76 crts. per cwt 6 26 Oinningand pressing 750 lbs 6 00 Hauling to market 1 25 Rent of land 4 00 Total cost $29 00 The acre produces 750 pounds of seed cot ton, yielding 200 lbs. of cotton, and 450 lbs. seed, or 16 bushels, which are sold|it 10 cents a bushel. AN ACRE IN TORACCO. Breaking, bedding and preparation one acre $ 5 00 Five hundred pounds guano 20 00 Raising and setting 4,000 plants 3 00 Scraping down and resetting 1 50 First and second plowing and hilling 3 50 Topping, suckering and worming 4 75 Cutting, banging and firing 12 50 Stripping and prizing 5 00 Total cost $63 25 It is estimated that tobacco thus cultivated would yield a pound for every four plants, which would produce 1,000 lbs., nnd with proper care and handling would realize an average of $10 per cwt., the srason proving favorable. From the same fertilizing a crop of wheat and a stand of clover would be se cured, which would more than compensate for additional cost of taxes, interest, rent, etc. An additional advantage is found in the fact that in this way poor land may be improved. We will be pleased to have our readers give us estimates of their crops, cost of pro duction and yield, with culture, that will give us reliable data on the subject. What la Farming;? Ever since the Southern country was first settled it has been the almost universal practice to run the land down by the con stant cultivation of plowed crops, relieved, only occasionally, by a small grain crop, or a rest. It seems to have been the prevail ing idea among farmers that Ood made the land as he wanted it to he, and that it was their privilege to get the good out of if, and sell out anti move. They know the effect of manure in increasing the productiveness of the soil and were not slow to avail of its help in bringing up the garden and patches round the house to a reasonable degree of fertility-necessary for the growth of garden vegetables. There was current a sort of tradition that the soil might be improved by a system of resting. But the large majority thought of no improvement, and expected the soil, as a matter, of course, to “wear out.” They looked upon it as they did on a pair of shoes, a hat, or a wagon, as good for a term of service, longer or shorter, according to the way it was used, but bound to wear out in a few years at the best. These very ideas and the practice (for it can hardly be dignified with the name system) resulting from them, have been the course of tills country os they have been of most countries lil their early history. Our embarrassments of the post fifteen years are not all properly chargeable to the change in our labor system—the loss of property in cident to the War. That calamity was so great and wide extended and immediate in its effects, that it has for the period named, overshadowed all other evils. It has long been a chronic habit to charge up all failures and embarrassments, either directly or indi rectly, to “free nigger” labor. But on a candid examination it will be found that before freedom was a fact, our methods of farming were slowly but surely doing the work of impoverishment, and that the prob lem of living in accustomed ease and plenty was yearly becoming more difficult of so lution. The emancipation of*slavery, in ite immediate retulte, was doubtless the greatest, most stunning blow the industrial interests of the South ever received, overshadowing all the losses of life and property which oc- curred during the war. But if this calam ity shall conspire to teach us promptly the necessity for a greatly improved and rational system of agriculture, it may in the not far distant future prove to have been a blessing in disguise. The characteristic difference between an old time Southern farmer, and an English, New England, or Middle States farmer, is that the former aimed to get all he could out of the land without any return, while the latter seeks to build up the soil. The one acts the spend-thrift prodigal—spending his mony as fast as possible; the other put ting it in a saving's bank and using only the interest. The Southern farmer loved rather to count up Ills wealth in negroes nnd cotton bales, rather than in lands ; the Eastern farmer counted his wealth in the value of ills lands and stock. The latter represents accretion—the former depletion. The indications are hopeful of a better system. The Southern farmers—especially the young ones—are beginning to realize that true farming consists, essentially, in building up and enriching the soil, adding improvements and buildings labor-saving machinery, etc. It was the dream of many that commercial fertilizers would enable them to solve the problem, and that they could build up and enrich the soil by their use alone. But they have awakened from such dreams, and are beginning to find that commercial fertilizers are only aids, to be used witli temperate caution, and are not the most important factors in the improved farming that is to be inaugurated. We might epitomize the elements of this im proved system, by emphasizing the words more'grass, more oats, more peas, more clover, more stock (and better), more ma nure, etc. These all belong to a self-sus taining and progressive system of farming. R. POSTAL CARD <’4111 It KM 1’ON HENCE. Erath County, Texas.—The drouth and the chintz bug is doing some damage. Some planters have good corn crops already made. Wheat good, cotton looks well. The follow ing prices rule here: Wheat $1 per bushel; corn $1.40 per bushel; bacon 17 cents per pound; best llour$3.75 per hundred pounds; oats 25cents per bushel; onions 3 cents per pound ; green corn 1 cent per ear. P. C. Cordell. Sand Tuck, Elmorb County, Ala.—The wheat and oat harvest is over. Oats turned out better titan was expected. Corn is good. Plenty of rain. Cotton Is coming out but on thin sandy land there is but half a stand. Oats is offered in parts of the county at 30 cents per bushel; meat is 20 cents per pound on credit, how can farmers live at that or will it make them raise their own meat. The weather is very cool, the thermometer on July 5th’ wosdown to 00°. Dain Swift. Bei.air, Richmond County, Ga.—Tile water melon crop is 75 per cent, short. The storm blew off the first crop and the cool weather is retarding the growth of the present crop. Allen Kino. Parker County, Texas.—Crops are need ing rain. Corn will be cut off one half. Subscriber. Dayton, Marengo County, Ala.—We have lino prospects now for crops of all kinds. Large crop of oats and corn planted. R. Autt. Jones. Thinning-Out I’oiii-n. At the season, when the pear is getting to be some size, the thinning-out of the fruit where it is growing in clusters nnd is gener ally overbearing, should be attended to with out fail. Tlie fear that so many growers en tertain that they will be lessening the crop and losing income from It, is all a mistake. By judicious thinning-out the yield will not only be equally great in measure, but the increased price obtained for the enlarged size of the fruit, its appearance and perfectness, will doubly compensate for any supposed loss in quantity. Wo have reduced the pears upon some of our own trees full one- half, and found that we did not remove enough, and if we had taken off one-half the remainder it would have been still bet ter. A few years ago we had a standard Belle Lucrative tree, some fifteen foet in height, apparently in perfect health, which was so overloaded with fruit that one-half of the crop was taken off at one time, which was followed a month or so later by the re moval of one-half the rest, thus leaving one- fourth of the original crop, and yet the tree died from over-draft upon its energies. In thinning-out, the clusters or wherever the specimens touch each other, should be the first to be removed, and of these select all that are imperfect in shape, or knotty, or in any way not up to the general run in size. There should always be a second thin ning-out when the fruit is nearly half-grown when wormy and all imperfect specimen^ should be sorted out. We have never failed in deriving advantage from it.—Germantown Telegraph.