Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

THE SOUTHERN WORLD, AUGUST 1, 1882. 5 1m §iach gjepurimmt. The ProOt of Grass. Editor Southern World.—I beg leave to call the attention of the readers of your paper to the following tables: Tables showing the yield of milk and butter and ex penses of cows and a family of nine for the first six months—1882. Also, expenses and yield of crops gath ered upon same place; ... 13.50 Total Cr. Sold at the market price now, 50c... ...$53.58 Clear loss III s or 2 S s or -2 si i i a Pounds of ButH ter Sold. Cow Food Bought. J* »3 «a CCS Ofc I > a l Jan. 15 Febr’y March April... May.... June... 000 1,018 1,834 1,734 1,097 1,505*6 497*4 573 409 183 88 131 80 498 188 430 508*6 134*6 140‘jt 100 6 sasgzs *13 40 11 40 11 50 13 30 11 70 13 10 *37 77 48 05 48 60 110 11 93 05 77 00 July 15 MS* 28 • 216 53M 7 75 25 55 8,5534 1,8784 1,926*6 530 10 298 82 15 440 73 Sold-H74 pounds butter at 50c per pound (238 75 “ M " •• at 55c perpound 18 55 “ 1,8784 quarts sweet milk at 64 c - 117 50 •• 1,020,'a " butter milk at 24c 48 IBM •• 3 pigs - - 8 00 " 4 calves 10 00 fill 054 Feeding cows tlS2 08 Feeding family 82 15 235 13 (205 924 Or (205 924 prollts In 100 days, or a fraction ovcr(105 clear per diem. WHEAT CROP—FOUR ACRES. Plowing (8 oo 4 bushels seed 7 80 Harrowing In 1 50 Sowing .. 75 Cutting and hauling 0 00 .<22 c5 Rent of land K of crop—31bushels or 7% bushels out. Threshing 1-10 or 3 3-10 bushels out, making UK bushels out of 31K bushels—leaving 20 K bushels of wheat for sale. Market price 00 cents or $18.22 to pay an expense of $22.03. Clear loss $3.83. OAT CROP—10 ACRES. Plowing land $13.00 Harrowing in seed 3.75 Sowing seed 2.00 Cutting and hauling ofT 12.50 30 bushels seed at $1.00 30.00 Threshing 3.37 He lost $7.32 for the pleasure of making the best crop in the State-his premium is all he made and those who were just be hind him and had to pay the premium were heavy losers. Mow I will leave it to the farmers of the South to see that It is more profitable to milk scrub cows and let the grass grow spontaneous, than cropping poor land or even rich land. Farmers go to grass. Covington, Ga. Wm. J Camp. Three Harks or a Good Cow. Good milkers are found in ail breeds of cows, though more frequent in some breeds than others. The Guernsey, Jersey, Alder ney and Ayrshire breeds have a world-wide reputation for giving large quantities of milk exceedingly rich in butter globules. Here and there a native American cow, by which we mean unregistered stock that has been bred for generations in the United States, equals or excels the best of these breeds. The keeping and treatment of stock for sev eral generations have much to do in making good milkers. A generous diet produces blood, and the milk is made from the blood. FIR8T MARK. Large milk veins are of the first import ance, for if the canals that carry the materi- Total. ..$60.02 Cr. 2,000 pounds feed in straw, 75 cents per 100 lbs 15.Q0 67 bu. threshed at 50c 33.50 The straw 5.00—$53.50 Total loss on oat crop $13.12 BARLEY—1 ACRE. Plowing $1-50 Harrowing and sowing 50 1 bushel of seed 2.00 Threshing by hand 25 Total, ..$4-75 Cr. 3 bush, at $2.00 (did not graze) $6.00 Profit 11.76 IRISH POTATOES. 1 bushel seed $2.40 8 loads manure 4.00 Plowing, planting, hoeing and dig ging the crop 2.00 Total $8.40 Cr. 2K bushels at $1.25 $3.12 Clear loss $5.28 ONION CROP 2 bushels seed $8.15 Plowing and bedding 1.50 8 loads manure 4.00 Hoeing Arst time 2.00 35 bushels of ashes at 10c 3.50 5 bushels of salt (dirty) 1.25 Sowing salt and ashes 50 7 days hoeing 2nd and 3d time 3.50 Replanting. ; 150 Plowing Hoeing fourth time 1.00 Gathering 50 Total $28.15 Cr. 25 messes eat in family $2.50 6 bushels market price $1 6.00— 8.50 Clear loss .$10.85 Now these crops were as good as the aver age for the State. Mr. Hanlelter, of Griffin says his wheat crop cost him $4.16% a bushel and he made a handsome yield per acre. Mr. Ennis in the Baldwin Countv Far mer's Club made 107 6-32 bushels from one acre, which cost as follows: Plowing. $3.00 6 bushels for seed 6.00 250 bushels cotton seed 25.00 Hauling seed 5.00 Cutting and hauling 3.00 Carolina Spartan. To the average Carolinian the above figures are looked upon as being the out-crop of ex travagance, that only the rich can revel in, and that the purchaser has a prospect of making money out of this enterprise is very improbable. In order to show how the en terprising Western breeder of beef cattle un derstands and turns these high-priced bulls into a profitable investment, we submit the following Agures: A vigorous, matured bull, of the above breed, properly managed, would sire about forty calves in one season. Their calves, if their dams be thoroughbred, are enhanced in value to the amount of at least $150 per head, which would make the gross income $6,000 for one year, or for two years’ service, wo have $12,000 income. This pays first cost of hull and leaves $2,000 to pay interest on investment and feed, etc. We may say that if the above plan works out so well on a large scale, why not the farmers practice this thing in a small way and improve their stock. The average prices for Jersey bull calves is from $50 to $150 cach.''»We have known a Jersey bull at the age of 2 years to be the sire of 18 calves. The ruling priec for service of this class of hulls is $5. Tills bull, then, has brought in $90 at the regular ciiarges; and as to the value of half-bloods, I havo known half- I blood Jersey heifers to sell for from $50 to * $75 each, where, if they had not been half Jerseys, they could not have been sold for half, or possibly, not more than one-fonrth the above figures. Just here the inquisitive Jersey; her hide is golden and mellow, her hair is like silk and glistens in the sun, her udder and milk veins are wonderfully de- eloped, and she has a first-class escutcheon. She belons to a milking and butter family; her mother made 18 pounds, her sisters each made 18 pounds, and her daughter has made 16 pounds. Mr. Hazard has bought for Mr. Fuller three others and two calves of the same blood, for one of which, Bella of Glencairn, the price was $2,000. She gives 16 quarts of the rich est milk with her first calf, and will be tested for butter. Mr. Hazard 1ms also bought for Sir. Fuller the Bull Lc Breve, son of Le* Brocq’s Prize, a bull of which great tilings may be expected, as his sire is very rich and well formed; both have wonderfully extens i vc escutcheons. BERTHA MORGAN. als from which the milk is made to the milk glands, are small and contracted, the supply of milk must be small correspondingly. But if the veins which surround the udder be large and distended, widening and varicose, a blind man may be sure that the elements for milk are at hand. SECOND MARK. Large milk glands, four in number, situ ated in the four parts of the bag immediately over the four teats, and corresponding with them, furnishing to each its supply of milk. 'If these four glands which constitute the four parts of the udder are large and well developed it is because they have work to do. The veins furnish the blood material, which Uncle Robert’s little men situated in tiiese glands, work up with astonishing rapidity into that fluid nectar—milk. The lacteal or milk veins of a good cow stand out with much prominence on the sides and under the belly as they approach the udder, and show unmistakably the activ ity of the gland in milk production during the period of lactation. When not giving milk a good judgment of the size of the veins may be formed by putting the finger into the holes where the veins sink into the body, and judging of the veins by the size of the holes. THIRD MARK. The posterior view. This relates to the two rear milk glands and to the perimuuni or turn of the hair which always grows up wards for a greater or less distance from the udder to the anus and vulviu- This is made strikingly prominent and not without reason in “Guenon’s system.” Whenever the veins over the rear glands are large, and distended with smooth and glossy hair covering these glands, growing upwards with a wide breadth entirely up to the vulvie and by it, while the posterior glands are much larger than the anterior ones, you may be sure the cow is an excel lent milker. There are many other points of import ance, but these three, well filled will satisfy us, as they are invariably connected with the others. would like to know if the above advance ment in price is gained in the way of fancy or by merit. This we can answer in relating tli actual performance of a Jersey cow we have in mind by the name of “Florine of Glcnneve,” (8035). This cow’s milk we have tested several times, and found it to contain nearly double the amount of cream, or but ter, that was contained in the milk of tiie common cow, taken under the same consid erations as to quantity, During one year's milking (these cows usually drop a calf in side of every twelve months) this cow av eraged—first OOjdays after calving, 4 gallons per day, 360 gallons; next 00 days after calv ing, 3K gallons per day, 210 gallons; next 60 days after calving, 3 gallons per day, 180 gallons; next 60 days after calving, 2'A gal Ions per day, 150 gallons; 270 days’ milking, 900 gallons. This was an average of VA gal lons per day. Wo sell sweet milk ut home for 35 cents per gallon, which would give $315. This cow's calves sell for an average of about $125 when they arc 4 weeks old. Add this to the value of the milk and you will have $140 as the gross annual proceed of one cow. Deduct, say, $100 for feed und atten tion, and you will have $340 left for one year. Interest on $1,000 the value of this cow, $70, which leaves as net earnings for one yeur, $270; or in less than 5 yeursshe has made $1,000 net, or she pays a good per cent, “every day and Sunday too." This cow is more valuable than our former ne groes at $1,000 each. J. C. Stkiiii.inu. Ilcrlhn Morgan—Pure Jersey. The cut on this page is a portrait of Bertha Morgan, daughter of Patterson’s Beauty, by Lopez. She was bred by John Patterson, of Glencairn, Chester county, Pennsylvania, and was selected by Willis P. Hazard, of Westchester, to take the lead in the tine herd of Valuncey E. Fuller, Esq., of Hainil ton, Canada. She cost $2,500, und ruuks now as about the fourth best cow in the United States; she has made 10 pounds and 8 ounces of butter per week. She is in her ninth year, and the engraving was made from a photograph taken of her this year. She is a very perfect specimen of the pure 1 The Patient Ox.” A variety of causes havo led to the substi tution of horses for oxen in different States and territories. The introduction of labor saving machinery, such as the mower, tender, raker and loader in hay-making; the use of the gang plow, seeder and harvester in connection with grain-raising, and the general employment of the planter and cul tivator in the production of corn, have all contributed to it. Farmers huve generally endeavored to substitute the use of machine ry for tiie labor of men, and havo also tried to cultivate all the land possible. As the time for seeding and harvesting is short in most of the Northern States, the animals were employed that could travel the fastest. The introduction of the co-operative or com mercial system in dairying lias also favored the substitution of horses for oxen fordoing farm work. Farmers who produced milk wished to take it to the factory as quickly as possible. The improved condition of the roads in most parts of the country has also favored the substitution of horses for oxen. As logs are drawn farther than formerly, and the roads are better, horses arc often employed in pineries. Fashion has also had much to do in disposing of oxen. One farmer did not wish to use oxen while his neigh bors employed horses. He feared that he would be regarded as old-fashioned and be hind the times. Besides many farmers wished to combine pleasure with labor. They were anxious to trot to town in good style on Sundays and other days when work was not driving on the farm. Tiie horse was wanted for the road, and for that reason was prefer red for the field. As a rule horses that were good roadsters were preferred by farmers. Good action under the saddle was preferred to good work before the plow. It is evident that the “ patient ox ” is an unappreciated animal in most parts of the country. He hns not a fair chance to show his capabilities. He is not allowed to com pete with the horse in doing those kinds of work of which both are capable of perform ing. Oxen arc much cheaper to keep than horses. They require less protection and less expensive food. Harness for horses is expensive and short-lived, but a yoke costs very little and will last a life-time. In most parts of the country oxen ure not required to be shod, but the shoeing of horses is a matter requiring large expense. Oxen nro liable to 'fewer diseases and accidents than horses and will stand exposure much better. An old horse is of little value, and the time comes when it is not worth anything. Suchf how ever, is not the case with the ox. He can be turned into a good pasture after plowing is done in tiie spring, and before the approach of cold weather will be in good condition for the market. It is generally affirmed that horses will do much more plowing than oxen and that they travel much faster in the field. If oxen are selected for speed, however, and are of the sprightly breeds, as the Devons, they will travel nearly if not quite os fast before the cart or plow us the majority of farm horses. If they arc fed as well the dif ference in speed will be very slight. It is also held to he true that an extra driver is always required for oxen, while the plow man can drive his own teum. Such is not the fact, os experienced plowmen of the old school very well know. If as much time is spent with young steers as witli colts, the former will plow os straight a furrow us the lutter without the aid of an extru driver. Not many years ago oxen could be found on many farms in New England that would plow without a driver and obey the word of command.—Chicago Wines. The fourth grand annual fair of the Dixie Agricultural and Mechanical Association will be held at Wadesboro, North Carolina, in October next. The President und Secre tary are progressive and working men.