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6 THE SOUTHERN WORLD, AUGUST 15,1882, Industrial and Helentilie. No nation has the material and the foun dation for a more successful chemical indus try than America. A recent German improvement in grain cleaning machines, consists in making the casings of a stoneware made of ferruginous clay. The advantages claimed by the in ventor for this covering over metal are that it lasts longer and works better, os the work ing surface will not wear smooth. A German manufacturer has arrived at the conclusion, mathematically, that in wind mills the most serviceable wind 1b that blow ing at a velocity of 23 feet per second. The fans of the mill, with such force, revolve with nearly double the velocity of the wind. In the vicinity of the observer, the lowest number of days that the wind is serviceable is 180, and the highest number 280. A Michigan lumbering company are mak ing sheet barrels by cutting a log into barrel lengths, softening them by a steaming pro cess and then shaving each piece into a long sheet, unrolled like a carpet. Each sheet is then cross cut into such a length that when the two ends are brought together it is given the size and form of a barrel, without heads, the whole being done by machinery. This has proved a great improvement over the stave barrel in cost of manufacturing as well as in merits for use. The only drawback is that clear timber is required, all the knotty timber being rejected, The clippings of the sole leather in New England shoe factories were formerly re garded as worthless, and the smell of their burning was a peculiarity of such towns as Lynn and Salem. These scraps are now stamped into buttons for cloths and fancy tack heads for upholstery, and the long fa miliar odor is missed. Metals, and especially steel, brought to a cherry-red heat and strongly compressed, the pressure being continued until the mass is perfectly cold, are said to acquire an excess ive hardness, and a striking fineness of grain. Steel thus treated acquires a coercitlve force which enables it to become magnetic. The durability of this property requires to be studied. A year or more since a gate post that had been painted with so-called zinc-white, was noticed to appear black all day, gray in the twilight and white during the night. Mr. T. L. Phipson was led to investigate this sin gular chameleon property of the paint, and after much research, has shown the cause to exist in a new metal, which has been named actinum, on occouut of its peculiar actinic effects. It is found in zinc ores, and resem bles zinc. Recently a liorse-car was run in England, by means of the Faure accumulator and a dynamo machine connected by cog-wheels and gearing to the wheels. The distance traversed was abont 2j$ miles. The dead weight of the car was 6tons, the speed reached 7 miles an hour, although the car was not of the most advantageous build for the purpose of the experiment. The exper iment was successful, stopping and starting the car being effected with great prompti tude. A newly invented instrument, by Profes sor Heeren, for the purpose of testing milk, seems to work well. It is named the “plo- scope," and consists of a dish of black vul canized India rubber, having in its middle a very flat circular depression. A few drops of the milk well mixed are put in the hol low and covered with a plate of glass painted with six shades of color, radiating from a small uncolored spot in the middle. The colors range from white-gray to deep bluish- gray. The layer of milk is seen through the uncolored spot in the centre, and its color can thus be compared with the radiat ing colors, and its quality is judged accord ing to the color with which it coincides. Thus the richest color stands for cream, the next for very rich milk, and then follow normal, inferior, poor and very poor. There is said to be a very curious work of art on the grounds of the State House at Columbia, 8. C. It is an iron casting com memorating the South Carolina soldiers who died in the war, whose names are inscribed on brass tablets at the base. A correspond ent says: “The success of this casting con sists in its perfect imitation of the living palmetto—the favorite tree of South Caro lina. We had heard of this statue in other places, but bad never been able to believe the story of the flexible leaves bending in the breeze, supposing this phenomenon an optical delusion, but such is really the case. The long thin leaves of iron, life-like even to the hair-like fibres of the twigs and branches, wave tremulously in every zephyr, and the whole tree painted artistically, has so close a resemblance to the real tree as to de ceive the acutest observer at the distance of five rods. It is a marvel of workmanship. The Chicago Western Manufacturer says: Mr. II. H. Landers, of S&n Francisco, has recently invented and patented an attach ment to railway cars, equally applicable to street cars in cities, or ordinary steam cars, designed to prevent a person getting under the wheels who may have slipped in trying to jump on or off a car in motion, or any part of his body or limbs falling across the track in front of the wheel. This attach ment is said to be somewhat of a plow-shap ed device which envelopes the larger part of the wheel. It is made of stout plates of sheet iron hung from the axle-boxes with a plow-shaped surface in front of the tread of the wheel. When an obstacle is in the way it falls automatically down to and slides along the surface of the rail, thereby shut ting out and casting aside what would other wise be certain to pass under the wheel of the car. This accomplished, it is raised to its original position above the track (usually about an inch) by means of springs for the purpose, and is ready for the next emer gency. It is simple and of few parts, and can be quickly adjusted or removed, and the expense is said to be very moderate. It is to be painted and ornamented to corres pond with the car to which it is attached. The device has been tested by the inventor on a full-sized car, and has accomplished all that is claimed for it as a veritable “man- catcher” and life-saver. It is an improve ment that railway people in general, and the public in particular, will be glad to see very generally adopted. It is an attachment that should be at once put upon every street car in this city, whether run by cable or by horses. Prof. Colton, of Knoxville, has prepared the following figures, touching the iron in terests of Tennessee: In the Eastern Iron Belt, for the year ending October 1, 1880, there were mined about 8,030 tons of iron ore, at a cost, delivered at. the furnaces and forges, of from $1.25 to $1.75 per ton. Front this ore 1,200 tons of pig iron were made in the furnaces along that belt, and 750 tons of bar iron at the forges. About 15 per cent, of the ore mined in this belt was sent to Rockwood nnd Chattanooga for the manu facture of steel, which brought from $2.50 to $5.00 per ton. At the various mines in the Dyestone Belt, 71,057 tons of ore were raised, which were consumed in the furna ces at South Pittsburg, Chattanooga, Rock- wood and Oakdale. Other supplies of ore for these furnaces were received from Geor gia and Alabama. The estimated product of these live furnaces (two being of Rock- wood ) for the year ending October 1,' 1880, was 07,080 tons. The price of ore delivered varied from $1.75 to $2.50 per ton, sometimes reaching a higher figure. In the Western Iron Belt the furnaces have run so irregularly that the yield was small for the year 1880, not exceeding 12,000 tons, for which 33,000 tons of ore at a cost of $2 per ton were used. The total amount of ore raised in the state (partly estimated) for the year ending October 1, 1880 105,710 tons; amount of pig iron produced, 80,280 tons; amount of bar iron in forges, 750 tons. The production of iron in the State of Tennessee for the census year, ending May 31, 1880, amounted to 77,100. The same returns show the number of furnaces, rolling mills, steel works, forges and bloomeries in the State to be 43, with an aggregate capital of $3,081,770, employing 4,005 hands, at wages for the year amounting to $1,344,400. The value of ma terial used was $3,223,709; value of products, $5,000,020; weight of all products made, 123,751 net tons. North Carolina Mines, Mining Review. Chablottk, July 31, 1882. The Hunter mine, one and one half miles south of Pioneer Mills, and eighteen miles from Charlotte—100deep vein, 2 wide, being worked on small scale, ore nominally gold. Crosby mine one mile southwest of Hunter mine, opened at intervals about 100 yards long, 110 deep at one place; vein 2 wide, copper and little gold. Rogers mine four miles southwest of Crosby, 100 deep, vein 2 wide, ore, gold and fair; a little copper, su perior to any of the above. Harres mine one and one half miles south of above, 120 deep, vein 5 to 6 wide, large; no veins on the property; ore, copper and gold. Johnson mine eight miles southeast from Charlotte, opened in pits (no levels) for •boat two hundred yards, at points about 40 deep; ore, gold: little copper and good to water level. Stinson mine seven and one half miles southeast of Charlotte; one half is a placer mine, one half of vein. The placer worked but little, but is rich. The vein worked on one side of branch about 25 deep; yields $10 to $30 per ton. Maxwell mine, same distance from Char lotte, same direction, but to the left ■ f Johnson mine, nearly one-fourth in a ridge; veins worked 70 deep at present. Veins 1 to 6 wide; ores, large masses iron pyrites with a little copper. Ore good at points. Iron pyrites ran 50 to 70c. per bushel, $7.50 to $11.80 per ton and oxides $10 to $37 per ton, magnificently equipped. Barnmineonemile beyond Maxwell mine, worked at pits for 200 yards, shaft 40 deep, never worked ex tensively. Yield $15 per ton. Ray mine, which is a copper mine and the Rea mine which is gold ore, join, and are not more than one mile apart, eight and one half miles from Charlotte. East and South Ray mine quite rich in copper; 00 deep, 200 yards long, at intervals vein to 3 wide. Frederick mine, opened in 1830, by a Boston company, seven miles a little south of east from Charlotte. Gold and copper, about 100 yards long and 75 to 80 feet deep; vein 1 to 2 wide, not highly sulphurated, but much carbonates and silicate of copper. Fine copper from near surface down; ore, more than average, yield $15 to $75 per ton. Alexandria mine five and one half miles nearly east of Char lotte. recently purchased by a strong Boston company, new machinery, etc., was once worked by an English company, 90 deep; ore, ailicious and iron pyrites and no copper; yield $15 per ton. Farris mine worked since the war. One mile to right of above ; 70 at deepest point. Vein 1 to 2 wide. Ores, copper, pyrites and gold. Yield $15 to $75 per ton. Quicksilver in shaft. . J. G. Y. Sold Mining In Georgia. Atlanta Constitution. Mr. J. O. Robertson, superintendent of the Columbia gold mine at Dahlonega, was in Atlanta yesterday. He gave a Constitu tion reporter some interesting facts in refer ence to the mining interest at Dahlonega. He said: “Everything is prosperous in Lumpkin county. There are 175 stamps at Dahlonega, and I don’t think there isa thing being done that is not paying in a most satisfactory manner. The Singleton company has 25 stamps and is putting in ten more; the Findley lias 50; the .Consolidated has 40 with forty more to be put in; the Fish Trap has ten, and ten more will be put in; the Barlow and Hand have 40, and the Pigeon Roost ten. These stamps are immediately at Dahlonega. About six miles from the place, at Auraria, are about 100 stamps." “Are any of these mines making unusu ally large profits?” “I am in possession of reliable informa tion to the effect that the Consolidated mine is paying a dividend of $4,000 per month and in fifteen dividends has paid its owners $00,000. It now advertises that the sixteenth divi dend is ready. The Barlow and Hand mill is an individual property and the public cannot know what it pays, but it is a hand some amount. All the mines are paying and as an evidence of the confidence that is felt I may say that new mills are going up and the present ones are being enlarged and capacities increased. Property has also ad vanced lately fully one hundred per cent. The Calhoun mine is to be reopened. There is an interesting history connected with this property. It was at one time owned by John C. Calhoun, and was worked with great profit, but about the time of his death, work was discontinued for some reason. The mine has been idle now for about fifty years I should guess. It never was worked very much, and only a place of the size of a four room cottage has been touched. At one time the mine was considered the richest in the state. It was discovered by accident and the discoverers got a lease for thirty days and in that time took out $27,000. The agent of the mines notified Mr. Calhoun, who was then in Congress, and.he came home and took charge of the mine.* The amount that was taken out was never known, but it is estimated at from $150,000 to $160,000. The mine has been taken hold of by north ern capitalists who will lay out about $75,000 in improvements and will renew the opera tions. All the machinery at Dahlonega is of the most approved pattern now, and the bulk of the work is done by water.” “What is the average yield ? ” “The average yield in Lumpkin county cannot be far from one dollar per ton. The expense of getting the gold out is not more than twenty-five cents per ton, ao that we make a good profit. Take a mill where the yield is a dollar and where there are twenty stamps that average three dollars. This is Sixty dollars for the profit of the mine and only $15 has been deducted for the expenses, leaving a clear profit of $45 per day." “How many men are engaged in the mines as laborers?” “ I should say that there are not more than one hundred at Dahlonega. I tell you • we don’t have much labor; the water and machinery do all the work. Water is the great factor; it floods the ore down to the mill and does the work that we use to do by manual labor.” “How is the Columbia mine getting along?” . “The Columbia is doing all right. It is now in its second month and everything is running along nicely and ^the prospect is good. We are now running ten stamps and in a short time will have an additional ten stamp mill.” " Do the mines now in operation take up all the mining lands 7" “Not at all. There are plenty of other lands there just as good as the ones that are now being worked. The thing is this, 'if Dahlonega was three thousand miles from here and was in the midst of wild Indians and it was especially hazardous to go there the people would flock there in great num bers, but as it is here in a quiet and health ful country they overlook the advantages that it offers. At Dahlonega mining is no longer a speculation. The returns are sure and steady. A man can enter mining in Lumpkin county just as he would the plant ing of cotton. The certain returns can be calculated on just as surely and the nuggets are just that much extra. The lands are only awaiting capital to develop them. The fact is gold mining in Georgia will soon be on a basis, with iron mining in Pennsyl vania or Alabama, or anywhere else; and while the profits may not be as large as they are in the gold bearing sections of the west, they are not so uncertain, and neither the lands nor the machinery cost as much.” “ What about your transportation facili- tiss?” “ This is the one drawback at Dahlonega— a railroad has been projected, and as soon as it is built it will give an impetus to mining ’that will be more than double what we are doing at present. The depot at Gainesville is half full of machinery for Dahlonega, some pieces weighing five thousand pounds. It is twenty-five miles out to Dahlonega. Mr. Price has secured arrangements with the Richmond and Danville road, and has placed the bonds on the market and is al ready making a disposition of them. Some of the friends of the road expect that it will bo finished by December. It will run through a fine agricultural section and will be a great developer of one of the best por tions of the state.” “How much gold does Lumpkin county produce?” “From $250,000 to $300,000 annually. It is the leading country in the production of gold, perhaps producing as much as all the balance of the state combined.” Commendable. In our last Issue we published the circular of Col. T. M. It. Talcott, General Manager of the Richmond and Danville Railroad calling upon the people of the Piedmont belt to exhibitatthe Falrof the New England Man ufacturers' and Mechanics’ Institute, at Boston, Mass., specimens of their agricul tural and other products. In a recent circu lar Colonel Talcott says: “The Richmond and Danville Railroad Company's exhibit at the Fair of the New England Manufac turers’ and Mechanics’ Institute, in Boston, Mass., will be composed exclusively of woods and minerals, agricultural and other raw products. Capt. C. C. McPbail, Chief of Bureau Jof Mines and Manufactures, will provide free transportation to Boston for all such raw material, sent to his address, at Richmond, Virginia. Parties who wish to exhibit manufactured articles must make arraiigements directly with the New England Manufacturers’ and Mechanics’ Institute, which cordially invites all Southern manufacturers to exhibit their goods and makes no charge for space in their exhibition building. Free transportation over the Richmond and Danville Railroad Company's roads to Richmond will be granted for all manufac tured articles for exhibition at the Boston Fair. Special arrangements will be requested of connecting lines for the transportation of such articles from Richmond to Boston. All desiring to avail themselves of this offer should ihake early application, and atate what transportation they will require.”