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THE SOUTHERN WORLD, NOVEMBER 15, 1882.
21
give $toch gjepnrtmcnt.
STOCK-BREEDERS AND DAIRYMEN.
Georgia is fast taking a prominent posi
tion among the States producing milk and
butter, and there is no reason why cheese
cannot be added to our industries. In the
successful breeding of stock, Georgia is mak
ing rapid progress. Col. Bichard Peters, of
this city, has been a pioneer in this as in
many other directions looking to the mate
rial development of various industries and
resources. He has devoted time, money and
intellect.
The growth of the stock-breeding and
dairying interests has assumed such propor
tions in our State that we suggest the forma
tion of a Stock Breeder’s and Dairymen’s
Association for the State. Their interests
are mutual, and an association can be made
very beneficial. Col. Richard Peters would
make a capital President. The interchange
of views and experiences of such men as
Richard Peters, John L. Hopkins, J. R. Wy
lie, W. B. Cox and L. J. Hill, of Atlanta, J.
B. Wade and W. 8. Neal, of Kirkwood, J.
F. Edwards and W. J. Houston, of Decatur,
W. J. Camp, of Covington, J. R. Brown, of
Gainesville, M. E. Banks, of Griffin, Tarver
& Co., of Macon, C. C. Spence and Charley
Hays, of Monroe, W. J. Northen, of Sparta,
H. S. Hughes, of Athens, and scores of oth
ers engaged ih boll) breeding
stock and dairying, will prove of
great practical utility to the mem
bers and give a powerful impetus
to these industries.
We would be pleased to have
those interested give our readers
their views on this subject. Every
Southern State ought to have (if
they do not now) such an asso
ciation, organized and at work.
bred young stallion—Onondaga—and he
would not pass it. Its breeding is the best
in the land, being by Leamington, out of
Susan Beane, by Lexington. He is a full
brother to Sensation, the best two-year-old
that ever started in this country.—Turf, Rod
and Gun.
BETTER DAIRYING IN THE SOUTH.
“E. M.,” of Starksville, Miss., gives some
interesting points in the Home and Farm on
“Butter Dairying in the South.”
“The first thing needed in starting a dairy
is a good pasture.
The next movement will be ample shelter
and convenient stalls or stanchions. The
pastures secured, the barn room provided
and properly arranged, then the next thing
in order will be a suitable dairy house. How
to build a dairy house so as to control the
temperature of the milk is a very compli
cated point with Southern.dairymen, where
one has no cold spring bubbling forth from
the rocks. The fact is, the building of dairy
houses in the Gulf States especially, for the
special purpose of making butter for market
so as to secure the largest yield, and of the
best quality, is a problem not yet satisfacto
rily solved. There Is one party in this coun
try who markets about 250 pounds of Jersey
butter weekly. His dairy is entirely under
ground. It is dug down into the limestone
rock, and covered with a board roof. An
suited for the purpose of butter dairying.
For this purpose the Jerseys and Jersey
grades surpass all other breed. It is best,
perhaps, for the majority of prospective
dairymen to select the best native cows their
means will admit, and cross with a Jersey
bull. In time, a herd of grade Jerseys can
be secured that will be worth a vast amount
of money to their owners as butter producers.
To all who contemplate engaging in butter
dairying we would urge the importance of
getting the best cows possible and weeding
out all such as will not come up to a certain
standard. In order to definitely determine
the matter it will be necessary to weigh and
churn each cow’s milk separately for a given
length of time. This is the only absolute
method of knowing the butter capacity of
each individual cow in the herd. By experi
menting in this way, you will doubtless be
surprised to find in many instances. that
your most capacious milkers (especially if
native cows) are not your best cows for a but-
terdairy. “Enquirer” wishes to know how
much butter a cow should average, how
much feed necessary to maintain one cow,
and how many cows ought to be kept upon
a 280-acre farm ? These questions will not
admit of a definite and satisfactory answer.
One cow may yield fourteen pounds of but
ter per week, another may not yield three
pounds per week; one cow may consume a
certain amount of feed and another not half
as much ; 200 acreajraay be amplejfor a given
A tONONDAUA.; _
We present to our readers a
portrait of Onondaga, the beauti
ful stallion purchased by Milt.
Young of Dwyer Bros., and for
Which he paid $6,000.
In his two-year-old form
Onondaga won the~Juvenile
Stakes, for two-year-olds, at Je
rome Park, and second to the
Julietta colt in the Turf Stakes at
Sheepshead Bay.
On June 25th ran his great
match with Lorillard’s Sachem,
for $1,000 a side, $1,500 added_by
the C. I. J. C., same weights, ■%.
of a mile, beating Sachem by a
length in 1:16K. Won the J uly
Stakes at Monmouth Park, beat
ing Gerald by four lengths,
plex, Memento and a good
following. Won the
Stakes, ut Saratoga, %ot a
in 1:16, beating Nightcap
Glenaven.
Onondaga heads the list
winners by Leamington,
started 0 times—1st, four times
2d, once and 3d, once;
given at $17,060.
Mr. Young’s career upon the
turf coversbut a brief period of
three years, yet he stunds to-Ua as a
leading turfman. His success has been phe
nomenal and demonstrates 'what good, prac-
ticalsense, sound judgement and enterprise
can do with the thoroughbred racer. The
success which he has achieved in so short a
period is only surpassed by that of the Lor-
illard's and Dwyers, attaiued in a much
long pereriod. Mr. Young stands third in
the country as a successful owner of a
racing stable. He started three years ago,
previous to which he had owned but a sad
dle horse, and his first purchases were Beat
rice, Bootjack and Bancroft, all capital
racers. These were the best of his stable, al
though he has since brought out a number
of good ones. He always purchased the best
and never meddled with the crabs, but weed
ed them from his stable os fast as they devel
oped. The blue and white stripes of his sta
ble were generally somewhere in the front
at the finish, and Mr. Young has always
been considered an honorable turfman, with
no breath of suspicion on his racing charac
ter.
The first step in his departure was the pur
chase of “McUratbiana," that noted thor
oughbred farm of H. P. McGrath, for $36,000.
Mr. Young has, however, all along had a de
sire to breed the racer, and, months before
his purchase of “McUratbiana," the oppor
tunity presented itself for securing a finely-
(l.N THAI A ISO.)
elevator is used to ascend and descend. Thi
dairy is a success.
But for general purposes and as bestsuited
to a greater majority of dairymen in the
South, we are inclined to think that what is
known as the Wilkinson patent will prove
the most satisfactory. The dairy is built up
on an elevation and is partially under
ground. lu the center of the floor there is
an opening, three feet square say, which
opens up an excavation three feet in depth,
cemented at the bottom and along the sides.
There is a subterranean duct, constructed of
brick or plank, (brick is always best, as there
is no decay or rebuilding,) which reaches
from this hole at the bottom of the dairy,
coming out at the bottom of the hill. If the
duct is desired to be mode longer, it can be
built in winding or curving fashion. The
air passing through this subterranean pass
age is cooled in summer and warmed in win
ter, and entering into the dairy, provides the
necessary temperaturo required. There is
an opening passing through the top of the
house, through which the air escapes from
the dairy to the outside. This method of
regulating dairy temperature is known as
the Wilkinson patent, and having been test
ed to a limited extent in this country has
met with favor.
A proper dairy-house secured, the next
point will be the selection of a herd of cows
number of cows, and another 200 acres ma
fall far short of supporting such a number.
The cow, the food, the fertility of the land
and the intelligence and the capability of the
farmer and dairyman, mustall be considered.
To make butter dairying in the highest de
gree successful, requires close and unremit
ting care and attention of the owner, to the
various details pertaining to the business.
Good cows are absolutely indispensable, and
good milkers who will not neglect their duty,
and who willalwaysdraw the milk clean and
leave none in the udder, must be secured.
The cows must have good pastures, and when
these fail, the deficiency must be made up
by extra food. A cow once allowed to de
crease in milk, owing to neglect in feeding,
will require time and attention to be
brought back to her former standard.
In making butter dairying a specialty, the
dairyman should aim at all times to make a
first-class article of butter. Good butter al
ways commands a good price in our cities
and large towns, even when an indifferent
article is hard to dispose of at any price.
Then let your standard be a high one, and
endeavor at all times to work up to it.
Much responsibility rests with the dairy
maid who manipulates the butter. To make
a first-class article of butter requires time,
skill and experience. To make such butter
- an art to be learned.
Only those living in the vicinity of a good
market, or on or near a railroad, are advised
to make butter dairying a specialty. In the
fall, winter and spring butter can be shipped
hundreds of miles by express, with an assu
rance that it will reach its destination in
good saleable condition. In the months of
June, July and August it is a very difficult
matter to ship butter any great distance so
that it may arrive at its destination in good
order without the aid of ice, and in most in
stances ice is impracticable and out of the
question with Southern dairymen.
The writer has been engaged in butter
dairying less than two years, with a herd of
twenty cows, most of them grade Jerseys,
and he has no hesitancy in saying that his
dairy pays him three times as well, In pro
portion to the time, labor and capital em
ployed, as any other branch of the farm. He
is still a novice in the business,and feels that
he has yet a vastamount to learn in this new
branch of business. I would be glad to see
the subject of butter dairying in the South—
the Gulf States more especially—more gen
erally discussed by those who have had more
or less practical experience in the business.”
A Good Plan for Improving tbs Public
Roads,
The editor of the Raleigh, (N. C.) Newt
and Obterxtr, speaking of the necessity for
better country roads, says:
“When we were a member of the Legisla
ture in 1870, the question what
to do with the penitentiary and
the convicts pressed itself upon,
our attention. It was then un
derstood that the convicts might
be utilized in the construction of
the unfinished railroads in which
the State had direct interest, and
we coutemplated that as soon
as those works should be com
pleted these State hands would be
used to improve our country
roads. That time isjnow drawing
near. In two orthree years at
farthest, these railroads, we hope,
will be completed, and then this
convict labor can be employed
with profit on those other and
hardly less important highways
that pass by the very doors of our
citizens. Some scheme of work
must be established under legis
lative direction, and it is not too
early to direct attention to it
and present some plan for dis
cussion. If we suppose that a
penitentiary force of 500 men
can be put to work on the coun
ty roads, wo would suggest that
for the first few years they be
divided into gangs of fifty each,
and that each gang should begin
to operate in the neighborhood
of some town where there is
considerable travel. They might,
from such a town as a centre,
put in good condition, at first,
ten miles of each road of conse-
* quence leading out of the town.
Afterthat work has been com
pleted, they might add a second
section of ten miles to each
road. This would so bring the
worst portions of these roads and
those mostly traveled up to a fine condition.
It would be for the benefit of all who trade
in these towns,no matter where they live.
When they had been done, the counties
plight be empowered to retain at home
all their own convicts, ex cept the most
villainous fellows, and two or more coun
ties might work together. The local
force so organized would form a band
of road hands that would in a few years put
the roads of each county in a far better con
dition than now exists. By such means the
people will be in great part relieved of the
burden that now oppresses them of working
the roads, and the convict labor will be turn
ed to good account without Interfering stall
with the ordinary employment of other la
borers. It thus seems that the adoption of
some such plan will solve several diffi
culties, and we call it to the attention of the
press.
After we get all that arranged, come com
petent and experienced road masters.”
Our thanks are due our esteemed confreres
of the Turf, Rod and Gun, of Louisville, Ky.,
for the use of the cut of “Onondaga” in this
issue, to Scattered Seed* of West Cheater, Pa.,
for the use of the cuts “ the Village Black
smith ” and “ the Tailor Bird,” and to Mr.
C. F. Fletcher, of Jamestown, N. Y., for
cuts of “White Cochins” and “Brown Leg
horns."