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THE SOUTHERN WORLD, NOVEMBER 16, 1882, 23 I I Here is food for thought on the part of the earnest man who aspires to be an enterpris ing and successful farmer, and who would be any other kind but a successful farmer? There is in this short address sufficient prac tical hints to make good farmers of every man who owns a small or large farm. And could it begotten into every farmers’ bands, a few years would show a wonderful increase in the productions of the South. Intelligent farming is attractive and almost always successful and remunerating. To be successful in any work it is absolutely necessary to be interested in the work, because we are then more certain to give it our close attention. This is so in all the avocations of life, and is more appplicable to farming than to any other. Among our East Tennessee farmers, intensive farming is being practiced more extensively than ever before. Yet we have large room for improvement still. We will in the near future become pastoral farmers and our lands will be given to the grapes and the raising of cattle, sheep and horses instead of com and hogs as heretofore. We cannot near supply the demands made on us for cattle and sheep. By this kind of farming we can in a few years renovate our worn out lands and make them produce as high as thirty- live bnshels of wheat per acre, and lands that will produce this much wheat will yield one hundred bushels of corn per acre. These results have been attained here in a few years on lands that would not produce more than one-fourth the yield named. It is much easier and cheaper to feed stock on green pastures and nicely cured bay than on grain which costs so much to produce it, both in brawn and money, to say nothing of depleted fields. This is intensive farming and never fails to pay. It then appears that “ Intensive Farming” is practicable everywhere, to all climes and all varieties of soils. John M. Meek, Sec. E. T. F. C. fancy Meadows, Tennessee. Persian Carpets. White Cochins. The White Cochin is the largest of all fowls. It is the most popular and, to some, the handsomest of the Cochins. With many it is “the favorite breed." In plumage they are the perfection of color, and when seen on a green lawn cannot be surpassed by any breed of fowls. The hens have a quiet, sat isfied, motherly bearing that is pleasant to BBOWS LKUHORNN. In Brown Leghorn Fowls, their gay plum age, lively appearatico, and, in fact every feature connected with them, is attractive and pleasing;and in this variety we must soon recognize the leading class of fowls whether for fancy or profit. They mature early; pullets have been known to com mence laying at three months of age, and Stack’s six months in Persia : I went to see a factory reputed to be the larg est in the city, though employing less than thirty hands. The wretched weavers sat in two low rooms, filled with a sour and sickening atmosphere. Most of them were pale-faced, weakly children of ten or twelve years, who hardly looked up when I entered, but remained bent over their work, picking up the threads with their nails, which are kept long and notched for the purpose. The patterns are written out in pamphlets and faithfully committed to memory, and the children are .taught very young—the younger the better. Their memories are quicker than those of grown up folks. So far as I could understand the patterns they seemed to be written in much the same style as those directions for knitting or crochet which one sometimes finds on a lady’s table—knit two, purl one, thread over, and knit two together. There was also a youth employed in reading one of the patterns aloud. A carpetabout sixteen feet by ten can be purchased in Karman for forty to fifty tomas—$80 to $100. Some carpets will take a year to make, and a decently good carpet will not be finished in less than three months; thus, although there are several hundred factories in and about Karman, the out-turn of carpets is in no way alarming. Autumn Leaves.—It is stated by those who ought to know that the autumn color ing of the leaves of the maple, oak and other trees on the American Continent is not due to the action of frost, but to cer tain chemical changes which accompany the ripening of the leaves. American maples taken over to Europe will perfect their foliage for a few years—that is, the the brilliant coloring will be put on—but they rapidly lose the habit, and in a few years the leaves fall from the trees while still green, according to the habit of the European species. Mr. T. Meehan, the well-known Philadelphia horticulturist, now says that in the New Jersey marshes there are many trees of European species which, though failing to color their leaves at their home, manage to put on the most brilliant hues here. He also mentions from bis knowledge that, in some parts of this country, imported European trees do not assume the autumn colors, for several gen erations. WHITE COCHINS. see. Both cock and hen are magnificent and very bulky in shape, having yellow legs and skin, and sell well in market. Cocks weigh 10 to 12 pounds; hens, 8 to 10 pounds. Al though they do not lay so many eggs as Ply mouth Rocks and some other breeds, yet they are superior layers during winter, when eggs are always scarce and valuable. They are extremely hardy, breed remarkably true continue laying during the rest of the entire season. They are non-sitters and roup or any hereditary disease among them are not common. They are well adapted to the town, where their color will not show dirt, as well as the country. They will bear con finement as well as any other variety. Any one who keeps and gives them the care fowls should have will not want for eggs “all the A Neglected Industry. Beekeeping is one of the industries which Americans have neglected because its prof its are comparatively small and steady. It is the risky business by which a man can jump into a great succes or great failure that is popular. There arc a few large beekeepers in the country whose honey is found in all the home markets ami is exported to Eng land; but tho great supply comes from those who make the business supple mental to farming, and it is this class of small farmers who should give more attention to the matter than they have hitherto done. In old times every garden in town and country had its hive, which was usually allowed to stand uncleaned and unattended to until the bees died of cold or foul air. Beekeeping requires little work compared with any other occupation, but that work must be thoroughly and faithfully performed at regular seasons. A lad or active wo man can take care of one hundred colo nies, but they will require hard and constant work through the three sum mer months, and there must be no shirking. The profits of a single hive of healthy Italian bees average from $15 to $20 in tire first year and in the in crease of another hive. It is not too sanguine reckoning, therefore, to set down $1,500 in a very good season as the clear gain from one thousand colonies, which for the labor of one or two per sons for three months of the year is at least a fair profit on the outlay. The large bee-keepers usually farm out their colonies; that is, place about twenty in each farm which offers the proper food for them, pay for. the attention which they require, and at stated times go about collecting the honey. Tho supply of fine honey never equals the demand in the markets of our large cities, and since the problem was solved of shipping the combs from this port and landing them in Liverpool un broken, the supply required for Europe is simply unlimited. Our white clover honey is said to command a higher price Tn London than the Greek. Here is one of the many industries by which farmers’ daughters in this country could earn a comfortable support and re main at home.—A’. Y. Tribune. BROWN LEGHORNS. to feather, slow in their movements, and gentle in disposition. They are excellent mothers and sitters, in fact, are inclined to broodiness. are not inclined to roam, can be fenced in as easily as a pig, and bear confine ment to perfection. For the farm or village, or any one who desires large and beautiful fowls, they are just the thing. They are ex cellent layers of large, meaty eggs. They are pure white without a colored feather. year round.” These birds with their wattles and combs are in their glory in the sunny South, although in comfortable poultry houses in the North, they will lay constant ly- - Seventy-six courses of 9tone, making 152 vertical feet, have been laid since work re commenced upon the Washington monu ment. It has now reached the height of 302 feet. llow lo Rnke Cider Vinegar, The French have a method by which ci der or other liquids of a proper character are converted into vinegar in a manner much more expeditious than the methods most in vogue. First the casks or barrels are thoroughly cleansed and scalded. Boiling water is first used, boiling vinegar after wards, and the barrels are rolled about and left standing three days, to facilitate the absorption of the vinegar by the wood. After tills treatment, by way of prepara* tion, the barrels are filled about one-third full with strong pure cider vinegar, and two gallons of cider are then turned in. Two gallons of cider are added every eight days, until the barrel or cask is full. Af ter a lapse of fourteen days after the adding of tiie two last gallons of cider, the pro cess is complete, and as a result, the entire contents of the cask or barrel are con verted into vinegar. One half of this is now drawn off, and the process of filling with cider is again continued. In summer the barrels should be exposed to the light and heat of the sun while the process is being conducted, and in winter they should be stored where a temperature of about 80 degrees Fabrenhiet can be maintained. The result will be pure cider vinegar. In accumulated wealth Great Britain stands at the head of all the nations, France second, and the United States third. In annual earnings and income this country takes the lead, with Great Britain next and France third. In less than a decade the United States will be the richest nation on earth, and in less than a quarter of a century New York is likely to be the financial center of tho world. It is estimated that from 450,000 to 500,000 tons of charcoal are annually made in the United States. It was this deprived Ireland of hers. Few countries are now more bar ren of timber, although tradition avers that a squirrel could once travel from tree to tree from Antrim to Kerry.