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THE SOUTHERN WORLD. DECEMBER 15, 1882. 55 Written specially for the Southern World. CHANGES OF THE CLIMATES. Causes Artificial and Natural—An Exposition of the Lawn of Cli matic Changes. SERIES NO. III. Hardly anything exercises a more control ling influence over the operations of life than the weather. But the weather is so commoni to use a familiar expression, that few think of this fact except on reflection. Its influ ence is a fact of daily individual ex perience. It will not be out of place to refer to a small incident here connected with my personal experience by way of introduction to the subject before us. Several years ago "when I began to experiment in weather pre dictions, many persons in alpeculiar way de clared “that no such weather ever existed before." But few were in the habit of observing the effect of the weather upon their lives and business, or if attaching more than a com mon place importance to it for the time. Its importance, however, grows in apprecia tion as we study the laws which control it. Although the light assertions to which I have alluded were intended as a joke by those who uttered them, they declared a truth—unconsciously it may be, yet a fact was asserted of much interest to mankind. The weather is hardly ever the same one year after another within any given area, and, therefore, it may well be said that with in the last several years it differs some from its previous character. There is an eternal change going on. The earth is changing— our planetary system is changing. We do not occupy the same place in the heavens that we did 0,000 years ago by over 6,5000, 000,000,000 of miles, as any one can ascertain by a simple calculation. Our system of planets is moving out of its position at each moment, and it matters not how impercept ible it is, the earth is always changing its relative place to the stars of the firmament, In a thousand inconceivable ways, even wo are not the same physically two consecu tive moments. Would it not be strange with all the change going on around us, if we could not discover a wide difference in —tire'ClncRctcr of the weather for any two given periods of reasonable duration ? If the bosom of the ocean were still, and a pebble was dropped on its surface, the small circular vibrations, or undulations, as the ripple rings formed, are called, would be observed expanding from the centre or vor tex. That small pebble—no matter how, for hair-splitting controversy does not alter the fact—would, as the immediate cause, agi tate the waters of the great deep from sur face to bottom. But the waters of the ocean are never still. They are disturbed by more things than we are apt to imagine. We are told of tho tides and their cause, the winds that upheave the waves that wash the great coasts, and the under flowing rivers, as dis turbing agents. Hardly do we think of other causes always at work. The sea is in habited, and its inhabitants are as busy in their movements and operations as the in habitants of the land. The vegetation and living things of the ocean disturb its waters a« these increase they require more room in their operations, and hence the unending work goes on continually. Do we think that the vegetation of the ocean can increase without producing some change in its cur rents? Do we imagine that the fishes, shells and moving things of the great deep can multiply, and yet no change take place in the body of the great waters ? But besides these there are other physical causes at work beneath the oceans and along its coasts that I do not refer to, simply because I have only intended this reference to tfie seas as an illus tration of my subject. Now if the little peb ble could disturb the bosom of the sea, what effect, indeed, must be wrought by the con stant multiplication of the innumerous forces at work along and under its waters ? The earth is surrounded by an atmosphere. It is submerged beneath a fluid sea, more at tenuated and elastic, it is true, than the water of the ocean, but for that reason more easily, though not as perceptibly, disturbed, Beneath this elastic fluid agents are at work continually. Not only have we the animals of the field and forest, the unnumbered va rieties of the insect and reptile kingdoms, and the fowls of the air, whlcu, whether they Increase or diminish in the energy they em ploy, are no less responsible for change, however slight-rail living, moving, operat ing and breathing—but here the higher or der of intellect is asserting its dominion over all created things In obedience to the man date of the Creator. We have to look to man’s operations only on the earth's surface to observe physical changes on the grandest scale, and we must bear in mind that popu lation is constantly augmenting. A few years back and this continent was inhabited alone by wild tribes, scattered over it They roamed the forest in pursuit of game. Their light canoes only rippled the waters of our narrowest streams. How different now! Almost the whole surface of the American continent has been so changed by art's foot prints and the aspirations of science that it could not be, at all, recognized by its former people if they were raised up to view it. Forests, where once dwelt the aborigines, have been felled and the marks of their hab itations have been forever obliterated, and on the sites where the wigwams once stood, cities and towns have been built. The very hills have been levelled before the advanc ing march of civilized life and intelligent industrial pursuit. Where the smoke of a few camp fires once curled up above the na tive hills, or floated along the valley ridges, the steam of a hundred furnaces ascend heavenward to fill the air with earth’s vir gin waters in the form of mists from the workshops of art, and from there also arise fumes and gasses at one time entirely for eign in the diverse forms now projected into the air. Think of the workshops of art—the laboratories of industrial science I Think of the multiplied and multiplying energies and industries of man on land and sea, and we at once arrive at tho conclusion that in these we find sullicient potency as agents at work to effect a change in the weather. There can be no doubt that our climates are sensibly perturbed by the operations and industrial progress of our race. Fvery whiff of the steam whistle—every discharge of ar tillery—every movement of a train of cars through our valleys, or steam ship upon tho broad ocean, every puff of smoke from the roaring furnace acts upon the atmosphere whose vibrations act and react in condensa tions and rarefactions of its molecules, so that we may well say from these causes alone, the fiuid ocean which envelopes the earth, and beneath which we live, is always excited more or less from its great depth to its highest surface so to speak. And if this is true, a never ending change is going on from the sea and from the land in the atmos phere which causes our weather varieties to differ one from the other os the agents them selves at work increase, or multiply and act ' How can it be then that the weather can ever be the same, if we consider alone these minor causes which exert their influence in our atmosphere ? But notwithstanding we find man building railroads, tunneling riv ers and mountains, creating ways and open ing up channels for the air currents where none existed before, there are more remark able agents at work effecting ouratmosphere. Forces, indeed, exist not yet disclosed, but I speak only of these that are manifest. Geo. It. Catubr. Ashvillc' Ala. the ends off, at an angle of some thirty-five degrees with the line of the body, thus largely increasing the exposure of each ring, and then counted them. The situation, ex posure and condition of these four trees were, so far as I could see, identical. I bad personal and positive knowledge that they had each twelve year’s growth upon them, and I could count upon each of the different sections from 35 to 40 concentric rings. True, I could select twelve more distinct ones be tween which fainter and narrower, or sub rings, appeared. Nine of these apparently annual rings on one section were peculiarly distinct, much more so than any of the sub- rings; yet, of the remaining, it was difficult to decide which were annual and which were not. Tito thickness of these annual rings varied from 2'X millimetres to 28. This measure, of course, gnve more than double the real thickness; but was preferable to a right-angled measure, as it gave better facil- ittics for exactness and yet preserved tho proportion between the several rings un changed. Now to ascertain what relation or connec tion there might, be between the meteorol ogy of the several seasons and the growth made during the same, I selected from my meteorological records the maximum, mini mum and mean temperature, and tho rain fall of the six growing months of spring and summer of the twelve years of growth. [We give below the lesult condensed from the full table.—Ed. Southern World.] 1871 18T2 1873 1871 1H75 1S78 1877 1878 1871) 1880 1881 1882 66.81 ,15.57 01.10 63.32 63.71 60.33 60.08 66.33 03.18 01.47 61.03 56.18 24.30 20.70 46.00 30.37 40.68 30.76 27.72 35.12 20.57 , 18.70 21.04 20.81 A COMMON-SENSE REMEDY. SALICYLIC A. No more Rheumatism, Gout or Neuralgia. Immediate Relief Warranted. Permanent Core Guaranteed. Five years established and never biown to fail in a single case, acute or chronic. Refer to all prominent physicians and druggists for the standing of Salicylica. S BCHET ! THE ONLY DISSOLVER OF THE POISONOUS URIC ACID WHICH EXISTS IN THE BLOOD OF RHEUMATIC AND GOUTY PATIENTS. SALICYLICA Is known ns a common-sense remedy, becauso It strikes directly nt the cause of Rheumatism. Gout nnd Neuralgia, while so many so- called specifics and supposed panaceas only treat locally the effects. eradicate theso diseases which are the result ot the poisoning of the blood with Uric Acid. SALICYLICA works with marvelous effect on this acid and so removes tho disorder. It Is now ex clusively used by all celebrated physicians ot Ameri ca and Europe. Highest medical Academy of Purls reports 95 per centcures In three days. RUMXDVIBZlIt • that SALICYLIC A Isa certain cure (or Rheu matism. Gout nnd Neuralgia. The most intense pains are subdued almost I nstau tty. tllve U a trial, ltcllr/guaranteed or money refunded. Thousands of testimonials sent on application. 91 n llox. s Boxes for 9.1. Sent free by mall on receipt ot money. A8K YOUR DRUGGIST FOR IT. But do not ho deluded Into taking Imitations or sub stitutes, or something recommended os “just as good!" Insist on tlio genuine with tho name of WASH! * ' Vi Annual Growth of Trees. Are the concentric rings of a tree a relia ble record of Its age in years? Such has been the conception—in fact, the undisputed knowledge—of the world, for all time past. 1 have no recollection of ever having seen or heard the authority of this record dis puted till Desire Charnay in his "Ruins of Central America,” said, when speaking of the age of the ruins as proved by such a rec ord: “Unfortunately fof the argument, it is altogether fallacious and proves nothing. I have put the evidence to a test. On exam ining a slice of wood of a shrub that I knew as a fact was only eighteen months old, I found that it hod eighteen concentric rings. I thought it was an anomaly, but iu order to convince myself, I experimented upon trees of all kinds and sizes, and invariably found the like results produced in very nearly like proportions.” M. Charnay’s statement was, in my esti mation, rather loose, and lacking in his ab solute knowledge of the age of the trees ex amined. And again, so far as applicable to the case, was only so in a tropical climate, where the conditions were entirely different from those surrounding us in a higher lati tude, and altogether raised but little doubt upon the subject. In April of 1871,1 planted a quantity of the Beed of the common red maple. In transplanting, in 1873, they were placed too near each other and It has become necessary to cut a part of them out. While cutting I noticed that the concentric rings were very distinct, and it reminded me of M. Gharnay’s statement. I took sections from the butt- end of each tree (four of them) and dressed An examination of this tabic shows a gen eral relation of cause and effect between high temperature and large rainfall, and greater growth. Dut it falls very far short of proving a general law of "so much heat and so much water during the growing sea son to produce so much wood.” For exam ple, coinpure the years 1875 and 1878. The temperature of 1878 for the season is better than four degrees in excess of the season of 1875, and the rain-fall only a little over four inches less; and yet the growth of 1875 is seven times what it was in 1878. This al most unparalleled growth of 1875—that is, compared with the other years—can not be explained by the above general law. But I think the May and June record of that year throws light upon it. We see there a maxi mum heat in May of ninety-six degrees (higher than I have ever known it in an ob servation and record of twenty-five years), and a mean temperature of the whole month, also unequaled, of seventy-one degrees; and this great heat continued through the month of June, and no cold spells after the heat set in sufficient to check the growth. Ia con nection with this heat, the ground was well saturated with water when this heated term began (May 6th) by 1.62 inches of rain on the 4th. From this on, to the 26th of June, fif teen inches more of rain fell, so apportioned over the time as to keep the ground satur ated. This synchronous (simultaneous) ex cess of heat and water evidently produced the abnormal growth. And probably, as this matter is further studied, it will be found that these agents, rightly propor tioned, operating synchronously produce these thicker rings; while as one or the other is in excess or absent, the growth is checked, and thus has time to condense and harden and form these sub-rings; and the more fre quent these alternations, the greater the number of them.—A. L. Child, M. D., in Pop ular Science Monthly. CHRONIC, and OBSCURE Diseauaot Young, Middle-aged, and Old Men and _ _ Women, hereditary or acquired, treated succcaaiuiiy in a STRICTLY FBIVATE and sclentllic manner. You can be cured at home with the lame certainty as It present In person, by describing your symptoms by letter, and have medicine sent secure from obaer* vatlon. All communications sacred, and promptly answered. ExamlnaUon blanks, book, etc,, tree (or “AdSreW DR. & T. BAKER, Box 104, Buffalo. New York, rxivlluLilkiS IN EVERY HOUSE in tlie United States nnd Can nda will be sent FREE for 25 cts. in stamps. Liberal Terms made to Agents. tsrSEND FOR SAMPLE, a. N. KNEEL AND. 150 Nnaanu St.. N. Y SEKTID TO C. F. FLETCHER, JAMESTOWN, N. Y, (or circular ol Langnhans, Asiatics, Hamburg*, Leg horns, Plymouth Rocks ami Hsu tarns; 20 varieties Imp. and premium itock, (Satisfaction guaranteed. IIIt'KNE A- csZ" on each box, which In WA8IIBIIKNE iV CO., Pooprirtoiui, 287 llr’ilvny, Cor. RcailcSt., New York. Mention Southern World. RICHMOND AND DANVILLE RAILROAD. l'ltHMCDKcr Department. No. 51. EJ Xl’llKSK-EAfayVARD. Leave Atlanta.?.... Arrive UatncsvlUe ... 1 Lula ‘ llabun Uap Junction 1 Toccoa ‘ Seneca ' Greenville ........... 1 Spartanburg. ' Gastonia 1 Charlotte - K&quri — . 5:o» p m . 6:35 p m . 6:11 p m . 6:48 p m , 83)7 p nt . 10-.U6 p m . 11:40 p in . 2:01 am . 3:21 a m NO. 60. EXPRESS-WESTWARD. Leave Cbarlotte 1:00 a m Arrive Gastonia 2:08 a m ' Spartanburg 4:31 a m 1 Greenville 6:59 a in ' Seneca 7:43 a m 1 Toccoa 9:18 a m ' Rabun Gup Junction... 10:60 a m • Lula 10:37 a m 1 Gainesville 11:06 a m ' Atlanta...... 1:30 p in ACCOMMODATION TRAIN (“Alr-LIno Belle.”) I.Y. SAGE, Superintendent. W.J. Houston,A.O.P. A. T.M.R.TALOOTT, Gen. Manager. M. Slauoutbr, G.P.A GOOD NEWS ED TEAS, ana min a bcautlfu I Boil or QolA Bin! Tn Dot/ •oaa.) owrowahaportatlon. On M txaoUfal Tan Bata fiven aw totha part/ *cnda Ctabfar#3540. Bnrar* at th« ••CHEAP TEAS*' that art being advtrtlaad—they arc danecrooa and detrimental to health—alow poiaon. Deal only with rvUhbte Boom# and with Aral hand* If poaatbla. No htunbof. UNITED STATE MUTUAL' ACCIDENT. ASSOCIATION, 409 Brodw’y, N. Y. 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