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About Christian index and South-western Baptist. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1866-1871 | View Entire Issue (March 23, 1871)
48 gittiiit. J. J. TOON, EDITOR & PROPRIETOR. The Recovery of Jerusalem.* This is the somewhat pretentious title of the narrative of recent English explorations of Jerusalem, by means of excavations con ducted by Capt. Wilson, of the Royal En gineers, under the auspices and at the expense of the Committee of the Palestine Explora tion Fund. Without, perhaps, fulfilling the meaning of the old crusading war cry, the “ Recovery of Jerusalem,” it is undoubtedly a record of researches and discoveries of the highest value, and of the greatest interest to scholars, antiquarians, and, above all, to Chris tians who desire an exact knowledge of the scenes and localities in which] their religion first appeared on earth. The explorations have solved nrnny difficult problems, and set tled many fierce and protracted controversies. Shafts have been sunk and tunnels made in the most secluded and mysterious parts of the sacred city, and structures brought to light that have not been seen by mortal eyes since the days of Titus, or perhaps Solomon. The beginning of this great work was the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem, made by Captain Wilson, of the English Royal En gineers, in 1864-’OS. Early in the year 1864 the sanitary state of Jerusalem attracted considerable attention ; that city, which the Psalmist has described as “beautiful for sit uation, the joy of the whole earth,” had be come one of the most unhealthy places in the world, and the chief reasons assigned for this melancholy change were, the inferior quality of the water, and the presence of an enor mous mass of rubbish which had been accu mulating for centuries. With the rubbish it was hardly possible to deal, but the water supply an easy matter, and several schemes were proposed lor improving it, either by repairing the ancient system, or by making new pools, cisterns, and aqueducts. Before, however, any scheme could be carried out, it was necessary to obtain an accurate plan of the city, and with this view Miss Burdette Coutts placed a sum of five hundred pounds in the hands of a committee of gentlemen in terested in Jerusalem. The committee obtained from Lord de they, then Secretary of War, the services of a party of Royal Engineers, under the Com mand of Capt. Wilson, who reached Jerusa lem on the 3d of October, 1864, and by whom the. survey seems to have been made in the most thorough and satisfactory man ner. Jfe was followed in February, 1867, by Capt. Warren, of the lloyal Engineers, with a party of assistants, by whom the ex cavations were made, the records of which fills the greater part of this volume. But, before entering into any details of these explorations, it may be well to lay be fore those of our readers who are not familiar with the subject ft slight sketch of the typog rapy of the Xloly City. Jerusalem is emphatically a mountain-city. The Bible teems withallusions to this peculiar ity iii its situation. Built on the very backbone of the country, the summit of that long ridgo which traverses Palestine form north to south, and only approached by wide mountain roads, the position of the city was one of great nat ural strength, and this gave the inhabitants that feeling of security from hostile attack which seems to be implied by the Psalmist in the well-known verse: “As the mountains are round about Jerusalem, so is tho Lord round about his people.” The modern city stands as the ancient one did before it, on the southern extremity of a spur, or plateau, en closed by two ravines, which bear the famil iar names of Kedron and Hinnom. The ra vines rise at. the water-shed within a short distance of each other, at an altitude of twenty-six hundred and fifty feet above the Mediterranean ; the easternmost, the valley of Kedron, or Jehoshaphat, runs eastward for one and a half miles, and then makes a sharp bend to the south; the westernmost, the valley of Hinnoin, after following a direc lion nearly south, for one and a quarter miles, turns to the cast, and, passing through a deep gorge, joins the Ivedron at Bir Eyub, a deep well south of the city. Both ravines are at first mere depressions of the ground, but af ter the change in their respective courses they fall more rapidly, and at Bir Eyub are six hundred and seventy feet below the orig inal starting-point. A third ravine, the Tyro pawn —valley of the Cheesemongers, or per haps Tyrians—rises well up in the plateau, and, after passing through the city and divid ing it into two unequal halves, joins the Ke dron at Siloam. On the eastern spur, Mt. Moriah, once stood the temple o*f Solomon, Zerubbabel, and Ilerod, and on the western, which is one hundred aud twenty feet higher than Moriah, were situated the palace of Tlerod, the three great towers Ilippicus Pha saelus, and Mariarnne, and the Upper City of Josephus. The sides of the valleys of Kedron and Hinnom are now encumbered with rubbish, but they are still sufficiently steep to be dif ficult of access, and every here and there places are found where the rock lias been scraped or cut perpendicularly downward to give ad ditional security. It was probably in these natural defenses which protect our city, on the south, east, and the west, that the Jebu sites trusted when they boasted to David : “ Thou wilt not come in hither; the blind and the lame shall drive thee back.” ' The only side on which the city could be attacked with any chance of success, was on the north ; and here, as Josephus teils us, it was de fended by three walls of great strength, able, before the introduction of gunpowder, to of fer a stubborn resistance to any force brought against them. The modern city is entirely surrounded by a by a massive, well-bilt wall, provided with nu merous flanking towers, and is protected on the north by a ditch partly cut in the rock. There are five gates now open, and five closed; of the former the Jafl’a Gate is on the west, the Damascus Gate on the north, St. Stephen’s on the east, and the Sion and Dung Gates on the south. Os the latter, the Bab az Sahire is on the north, the Golden Gate on the east, and the Single, Double, and Triple Gates on the south. The plateau, on which the city stands, slopes uniformly to the south east, and contains about one thousand acres; it is of tertiary limestone, and the upper beds provide an extremely hard compact stone, called, by the Arabs, “ mezzeh,” while the lower, in which most of the ancient tombs and cisterns have been cut, consist of a soft white stone, ]ealled “melekeh.” On Mount Moriah, there is now a large, open space, called Haram esh Sherif, a place of peculiar sanctity in the eyes of aii true Moslems. Its surface is studded with cypress and olive, and its sides are surrounded in part by tlie finest mural masonry in the world. At tiie southern end is the Mosque el Aksa, and a pile of buildings formerly used by the Knights Templar ; nearly in the cen tre is a raised platform, paved with stone, and, rising Irorn this well-known mosque, Kubbet es>Sakhra, with its beautifully pro portioned dome. Within this sacred enclos ure, the Sanctuary, as we may well call it, stood the Temple of the Jews ; all traces of it have long since disappeared ; not one stone has been left upon another, and its exact posi tion hasjfor years been oneol the most fiercely contested points in Jerusalem typography. The two theories which have obtained" the * The Recovery of Jerusalem. A Narrative of Ex ploration and Discovery in the City of the Holy Land .By Capt. Wilson, R. E., aud Capt. Warren, R. E. With an introduction by Authur Penryhn Stanley, D. D., Dean of Westminister. D. Appleton & Cos. In cloth, Svo., illustrated. Price $3.50. THE CHRISTIAN INDEX AND SOUTH-WESTERN BAPTIST: ATLANTA, GA., THURSDAY, MARCH 23, 1871. largest number of supporters, are, first, that which makes the Temple enclosure co exten sive with the Sanctuary; and second, that which confines it to a square of six hundred feet at the southwestern comer of the same place. It is still uncertain which of these two views is correct, and the qnestion cap hardly be definitely settled till excavations are made within the Haram walls. On one point all are agreed, that the magnificent triple cloister, the Stoa Basilica, built by Herod, stood on the t<4> of the southern wall, and the appearance of this, when perfect, must have been grander than anything wo know of elsewhere. It is almost impossible to realize the effect which would be produced by a building longer and higher than York Cathedral, standing on a solid mass ot ma sonry, almost equal in height to the tallest ol our church spires; and to this we must add the dazzling whiteness of stone, fresh from masons’ hands. The western hill is thickly covered with houses, except on the west, where there is an open space, occupied by the gardens of the Armenian Convent. At the northwest corner is the citadel with its three towers, represent ing, probably, those built by Herod the Great, and adjoining them, on the south, are the barracks of the Turkish garrison. One of the towers, that known as the Tower of Da vid, stands on a mass of solid masonary, decidedly Ilerodian in character, and its di mensions agree well with those of the tower Phasaelus, as given by Josephus; another, which now protects the Jaffa Gate, is smaller, and may perhaps be identified with the tower Ilippicus, as on an examination of an ancient cistern beneath, the remains of an acqueduet. which formerly brought water into the city at that point. Along the northern side of the hill, a street runs from the Jaffa Gate on tho west, to the Sanctuary on the east, following, apparently, the course of a small, lateral branch of the Tyropoean Valley. North of this line stretches the Christian quarter of the town, rising grad ually to the northwest, till it reaches the corner of the modern wall at Kalut Jalud, a ruined castle, supposed by some writers to be the tower Fsephintis, of Josephus. Nearly in the centre of this quarter lies the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which is said to con tain within its walls the Tomb of our Lord. At the time of the crucifixion, the Sepulchre was without the walls, now it is within them. Some writers explain this by saying that, af ter Constantine built his Church of the Res urrection, the town spread out and surrounded it, while others are equally certain that the present site must have been within the limits of the ancient city, and that we must look elsewhere for the Sepulchre, and even for the* church built by Constantine. The solution of this difficult question depends on the course of the second wall which surrounded the city ; if it ran to the east of the church, there, is no reason why the present tradition should not be correct; if it ran to the west, the ti aditiog must be wrong. Up to the present time, no one has seen a portion of this wall; the point from which it started and that at which it ended are alike unknown. It was, however, ascertained, during the progress of the sur vey, that the old arch near the south end of the bazaars, called the Gate Gennath, was a comparatively recent building, and that the ruins near the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which had been pointed out as fragments of the second wall, were really portions of a church. There is, in addition, a fourth hill north of the Sanctuary, and rising one hundred feet above it, which apparently corresponds to the Bezetha of Josephus. It is now principally occupied by Moslem houses, but the Soeurs de Sion have built a convent on its northern slope, and on its western face are the British and Austrian consulates. Immediately to the east of this hill is a small valley, which falis into the Kedron, about one huudred yards south of St. Stephen’s Gate; on its left bank stands the church of St. Anne, and in its bed has been formed the traditional pool of Bethesda, called, in the most ancient manuscripts of the New Testament, Bethzatha, a name not un like that of the fourth hill, Bezetha. It is hardly possible, in a short paper like the present, to give any detailed description of the ancient buildings and traditional local ities within and around Jerusalem. The two places of greatest interest are the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Sanctuary, and most of Capt. Warren’s excavations were made in the immediate vicinity of the latter. Capt. Warren’s excavations near the Sanc tuary were made in the face of many difficul ties and dangers. In fact, they appear to have been carried on at the constant risk of life and limb to tho bold employers. The whole series of their progress was a succes sion of lucky escapes. Huge stones were day after day ready to fall, and sometimes did fall, on their heads. One of the explorers was injured so severely, that he could barely crawl out into the open air; another extricated himself with difficulty, torn]and bleeding;— while another was actually buried under the ruins. Sometimes they were almost suffo cated by the stifling heat; at other times they were plunged for hours up to their necks in the freezing waters of some subter ranean torrent; sometimes blocked up by a falling mass, without light or escape. And these labors had (to be carried on, not with the assistance of those on the [spot, blit in spite of the absurd obstacles thrown in the way of work by that singular union of craft, ignorance, and stupidity, which can only be found in Orientals—workmen who in “winter could never get the idea drummed into their heads that working would make them warm” —Turkish dignitaries, believing Jhat the sa cred rock lies on the top leaves of the palm tree, from the roots of which spring all the rivers of earth, and which a ready pretence for evading every request. The results of the work, so far as it has been carried on, may be briefly summed up, thus: 1. Several ancient aqueducts and many ancient cisterns have been discovered, and the much vexed question of how Jerusalem was supplied with water in the days of Solomon practically settled. 2. Considerable progress has been made in determining the course of the ancient walls, on which depends the authenticity of the Iloly Sepulchre. The discoveries made, tend to confirm its genuineness. 3. Important materials have been furnished toward the decision of the controversy re specting the area of the Temple.’ 4. The external aspect of ancient Jerusa lem is in two or three points brought out with new force. There are some proofs discovered of the form of the ancient houses. Theie is also the astounding* revelation of the immense height of the Temple wall above the Kedron Valley. 5. Some approximation to the date of the walls of the Temple has been made by the disoovery of the supposed Phoenician char acters marked in red paint on their surface. 0. The interesting discovery by Dr Rob inson of what he supposed to be .the arch of the bridge, which later travellers much con tested, has been definitely confirmed by the disclosure, of remaining fragments. 7. The whole history of the cartography of Jerusalem is for the first time clearly set forth, while it has reached its best illustra tions in the maps and contours now tor the first time published. Outside of Jerusalem the explorers have made great additions to our knowledge of the Holy Land. The Lake of (iennesareth, or Sea of Galilee, has been described more accurately and vividly than ever before, and at least a very near approach has been made, if not absolutely certainly obtained, in fixing the hitherto uncertain locality ]of the places where the Saviour resided. Capernaum, Bethsaida, and Chorazin. The site of Caper naum has been identified almost beyond doubt. The objects of pottery —described by Mr. Chester—open anew sphere of sacred archte olgy hitherto almost untouched ; the pecu liarity of those in the early Christain era seems well worth noticing. Os all the discoveries connected with the Palestine Exploration Fund, that of the Moa bite Stone, if not the most important, is un doubtedly that which has excited the keenest and most general interest, and deservedly so. 1. It is the only inscription which has hitherto been found reaching back to the age of the. Jewish monarchy. 2. It indicates the possibility—one might almost say the certainty—that more such in scriptions might be discovered, if only we had the means of searching for them. It remo ,’es the disagreeable impression that, as no writ ten record on stone had ever been found, no such record had ever existed. Strange, al most incredible, as this seemed, when com pared with the acres of inscriptions (many of much earlier date) in Egypt—yet it was a not unnatural conclusion, until this discovery broke the silence and dispelled the illusion. 3. Whether or not the King of Moab, who is mentioned, is the same “ Mesha” as the monarch of whom we read in 2 Kings iii, he evidently belongs to the same dynasty. The few indications that the inscription contains of the state of Moab, agree with those con tained in the Sacred Books. Whatever may be the variations of read ings in other parts of the inscription, there is an entire agreement as to some of the most interesting parts. The name of Mesha, the names of Chemosh and Maloch, the name of Omri, the names of the various Moabite towns, above all, the name of Jahveh, or Je hovah, for the God of Israel, appear in boih the versions here presented to us. The book gives the various versions of the inscription and the most accurate account of the dis covery of the stone. The most importent and interesting ques tion decided by this volume is, however, un questionably that of the exact location of Mount Sinai, and the route by which the Is raelites pa%sed through the desert. The spot of the passage of the Red Sea— the course of tne Israelites by the Wady Useit and the Wady Tayibeh—the identifi cation of the Wilderness of Sin with the plain of El Murkhah—the identification of Rep hidim with Feiran, and ’of the sacred hill of Aaron and llur with the eminence crowned by the ruins of Paran—the identification of the Ras Sufsafeh and the plain of Ranah with the scene of the giving the law and the Israelite encampment —the general failure of the an cient names —the probable change iu the re sources of the wilderness—the comparatively modern date of the Sinaitic inscriptions—all these points have now been established, as far as they are likely to be, by explorers who can speak with authority, as the first who have traversed, not one route only, but every possible route in the Desert, and have seen, not one or two only, but every possible scene of the great acts of the Exodus. In conclusion, we quote the words of the learned Dean Stanley, himself one of the best explorers of the Holy Land, who says in his introduction to the work : “We com mend this volume to the serious attention of all who care for the additional light which sincere desire for truth and patient investigation can throw on the most sacred of all books, on the most interesting of all geographies. Much has been done, but much remains to be done, and it is in order to stimulate and insure the completion that this installment is given to the world. May that completion be worthy of the beginning, worthy-of the indefatigable zeal and labor which first set on foot this new Crusade, wortiiy of the Holy Land and the Holy History which it is in tended to illustrate and elucidate !” It Will Pay. This is an age when ail men who believe that, “ Life is real, life is earnest,” j wish to know what will pay, and they are slow to take up with broken-down] habits or schema that have been tried, and (failed. — This is all very proper. It is certainly well that every youth starting in life, should be impressed with the vast importance of get ting off on the right foot; and one of the most valuable lessons to be learned is, that life and success are made up of a great num ber of things, which, separately considered, may seem to be quite trivial. A young gen tlemen of very solid and thoughtful, or very coarse and carelesss habits, may be subject ing himself to an endless train of defects and dislikes, because his habits lead him to neg lect the common courtesies of society, and make him more resemble the sullen ass than the polite gentleman. A merely backward, diffident, or distant disposition, when carried beyond what prudence and modesty may re quire, often renders a man as unapproacha ble as a lion Jn his cage, and soon, bnt few persous can raise the courage to]]attack such an individual with purposes of social or busi ness intercourse. On the other hand, a manifestation of un couth familiarity—a familiarity which the circumstances of past association or present relations do not justify—is repulsive—some times disgusting to all candid and decorous people, and may cause a person to be shunned and evaded, to preserve propriety. Not long since, we heard a conversation between a gentleman on the one side, and his wife and two daughters on the other, which Illustrates w T hat we are trying to impress. It was a conversation in one of those refined, cultivated and prudent families—not wealthy, not poor, but educated in purity of sentiment; social, yet dignified ; polite, yet easy ; free and open, yet modest and retiring. The la dies, on the occasion alluded to, had been out shopping, and had just returned. Theconversa tion turned upon what they had seen, heard, and done that day in town; and it was soon discovered that, although their purchases were rather extensive, they had spent all their money and bought all their goods at two houses. The husband said : “ Well, I am glad you have had such good luck in finding all you wanted at those two houses; but, really, my wife, I cannot see why you and the girls do all your trading at those houses, when there are in our town houses with larger stocks, greater varieties, and with ability—it would seern—to do better by their customers.” “ The reason -is easily given,” replied his wife, “and it is this: 1 am willing to pay for polkenees. I am willing to forego some ad vantages as a reward to gentlemanly learning and attention to business, on the part of mer chants and clerks. Where, Mr. Hunter, could we do better than we usually do at the houses we generally patronize?” “Why, 1 thought, *’ said Mr. Hunter,“that Mr. Parker and Mr. Jones and Mr. Lard, and perhaps others, keep a larger and better assortment than either of the merchants from whom you do most of your buying.” “ That may be,” responded Mrs. Hunter, “ but 1 and the girls have not found it so ; and if we fail to find what we want at our favor ite houses, a clerk will run all round the town in search of the articles wanted. They always meet every one who enter their stores, with a 'pleasant, polite greeting ; and while they have nothing of the insincere and undue familiarity, they are yet untiring and ready in their efforts to make sales with a woman, which makes a lady feel that she is in the so ciety of real gentlemen. But, goto the store of Mr. Parker, and every man of them acts and looks if he were sorry you had come* — Nothing is said, nothing done that causes a lady to feel that she is welcome. One is reading, and he seems unwilling to lay down his book or paper; others are sitting by the fire, and act as if they feared that they would freeze before you get out of their house.— They show only the precise articles you call for, and then appear to be fretted if you fail to buy just what they exhibit. And rarely do they ever have one pleasant thing to say.” “ But, wife, this is not the case at Mr. Jones’ store.” “ There, Pa,” said Mary, “ it is even worse than at Mr. Parker’s, for they have not enough of pride, refinement and politeness to keep either themselves or their house in decent order. We went in there to-day, and lam sure there was not a man in the house who was in a presentable condition for a merchant or clerk to wait on ladies. And if you should go into their house, in summer time, you will find every one of them without a coat on, and all other things in common with this, or nearly so.” “ Well, how is it at Mr. Lard’s?” “At Mr, Lard’s,” said Lizzie, “they re verse the order of the other two places, and errry it to a disgusting extreme. They treat you with a familiarity which destroys all politeness, and has already driven nearly all the ladies of taste from their house. 1 am certain it is not at all pleasant to go there shopping.” Atter hearing thr* conversation, we felt called upon to decide the ladies were right. Earnest, polite attention to business ought and will be rewarded. Politeness is an easy investment, and it will pay in any calling. “ He who will have’friends must show him self friendly.” R. Useful Hints. If a killing frost-finds your cabbage, or other plants unprotected, you may save them by sprinkling liberally with cold water before the sun shines upon them. If some choice fruit trees bloom too early, and you fear the young fruit will be killed, haul at once, pine tags, straw, or forest leaves to your orchard, and when frosty nights occur, make a big sinoke to the windward of your trees. Be industrious enough to keep it up all night,or as long as there is any danger,and )our reward will Come by and by. If you have three worthless dogs, tuke a broad ax, and while some one holds, sever their heads from their tails, and place all in your compost heepjputting a bushel of lime to each dog. Then put up three pigs and give them what tho dogs would have received. If you have the club root in your garden, give a liberal dressing of lime. If rainy days occur, stay at home and read good books. If too wet to plow, get up plen ty of firewood for summer. If you want to keep a ham nice and sweet for Christmas, wrap in an old paper, and pack away in ashes. It will be free from skip pers If you want nice, tender cabbage, hasten their growth as rapidly as possible. If you want to make money, live on less than you make; go to bed early ; live tern perately; work steadily, but slow; eschew tobacco and ardent spirits; stay at home and mind your business. The Weather—Farm Operations—Etc. The portion ot March already past has been mild, bright, and spring-like, but, true to its predecessors, very windy also. Plum, cher ry and peach are beginning to bloom ; the soft melancholy cooing of the, turtle is heard, the birds are building ; snakes and lizzards have crept from their hiding places; nights are all betokens that Krijfm*] smiling “spring time has come again.” Once or twice we have had thunder and lightning, and the mercury has reached as high as 84°. But one “swallow does not make a summer,” and we shall yet be greeted with many cold days. Snows and killing frosts will yet oc cur before the Ice King retires to his frozen regions. We shall have to keep a sharp eye to the young cabbage and tomato plants, or else the meddlesome frost will “ nip” both them and our bright anticipations together bn forewe are aware. Farm work is as fai advanced, I believe, as is usual at this season. Most of the corn land has been broken, oats are being put in, pota toes are planting, fences have been repaired, early cabbage were put out a month ago, or chards—a few of tb-em—are being pruned, and gardens are beginning to receive daily at tention. Stock ofall kind appear to be in a healthful and tolerable condition. There is, however, but little like permanent improve ment in farms or farm buildings. Many farms present quite a tumble-down appearance. People do not feel able to build, —are waiting for “ better tjmes.” Gloomy Days. Many things occur in this uncertain life to mar our pleasures. Vexations, real or imagi nary, are constantly throwing their shadows across our pathway. There are days in which we feel as if we had no energy for any usefel work, —feel as if we did not care, as tho say ing is, “ which end went foremost.” We grow dull and morose, loose our temper, and get out of humor with everything. It is bad enough to have these shadows fall across our pathway at all, but sad, sad that we so fres quently give way to our gloomy feelings, and indulge in hard and wicked thoughts against Providence that our lot was not made brighter or grander, that we have not more money, more friends, or more fine things. Then we would havo been cheerful and happy all the time. Our life should iiave been one bright summer day, with tin storm cloud to bid us fear. Stop, presumptuous dreamser! These are instigations of the evil spirit that is ever on the watch to mar our peace of mind, shake off these wicked thoughts. Remember, “ Life must have its cold December. Just as surely as its May.” When these gloomy day? come, turn your hands to some useful employment. Do some thing : chop wood, bring water for your wife, play with your children , count the cracks in the floor ; go to sleep. Do anything innocent rather than give way to gloomy feelings, Fight gloomy feelings, and your name will never be found iu the papers among the suicides. Some boys at Fort Dodge, lowa, played Euro pean war. Tho “Prussians” burned a haystack, belaud which the “French” had taken refuge, and-dislodged them. The owner of the haystack says he doesn’t know much about this war busi ness, but he’d like to see the man t hat pays for his fodder. “ What brough you to prison, my colored friend ?” “ Two constables, sah.” “Yes, but I mean, had Intemperance anything to do with it ?” “ Yes, sah, dey was bofe of ’em drunk.” A Boston bride thought it would bo smart to agree to “obey” her husband in the marriage ceremony. She was brought to time by the min ister’s refusing to proceed with the ceremony un til she said “obey” in an audible voice. Bather than not be married, she would say anything that he told her to. An Irishman, who was found guilty of stealing a lot of coffee, was asked by the magistrate what he did with it. “Made tay wid it," was his reply. Horace Walpole tells a story of a Lord Mayor of Loudon, who having heard that a friend had had the" small-pox twice and died, of it, asked if he died the first time or second. The coal miners’ strike has broken out into “poetry” in several places. One of the finest productions begins: “ Now Union is a right good thing, Asa general rqle, But there’s men in office who’ve not got As much sense as a mule.” Department op Agriculture, ) Washington, D. 0., March 1, 1871. ) Mr. G. W. Howard, Editor of The Plantation, At lanta, Georgia : Dear Sir, — I desire to collect information con cerning dairying in the South, especially in rela tion to the milk supply of cities and towns, and I therefore respectfully submit the iollowipg inqui ries, hopiDg that you may be able to answer them definitely, and also add any other facts which you may deem of interest touching the general sub ject. 1. Is the milk supply of your city of good qual ity, and in quantity equal to the demand ? 3. What are the retail prices per quart, summer and winter? 3. Is the supply chiefly from individuals keep ing a few cows each, or is it furnished to a con siderable exteut from large dairies ? 4. What rations in kind and amount are pro vided for the animals, and what forage crops are grown for them ? 5. What is the average time, per cow, in milk, and the average yield for the season ? fl. What are the current prices of milk cows of fair quality ? 7. W hat efforts are being made to improve dairy stock in your neighborhood ? Yours, very respectfully, Horace Capron, Commissioner. Wo publish the above letter of General Capron in hopes that it may evoke responses from our friends who may ()e prepared to make ihem. We hope these responses will be promptly made to the Editor of The Plantation. From a con densation of these responses, we will frame a re ply to the Department of Agriculture. Let no one think this business of the dairy to be an insignificant affair. Our readers are reminded of our statement some time since, that it would require the sale of 12,000 bale3 of cotton, at 15 cents per pound, by a single county, to equal the sale of butter and cheese of Ashtabula county, in Ohio. In 1800, tho butter crop ot the State of New York sold for more than the whole cotton crop of the State of Georgia. Some years since, in crossing from the continent to England, having fallen in with a sensible Eng lishman, we remarked to him that we had seen almost every object of interest in or near London but Laycock’s Dairy. He smiled and replied that he was Mr. Laycock. Upon his invitation the next day we visited, with him, his dairy at Isling ton, a suburb of Loudon. We found that it con sisted of 1,000 huge Durham cows, iu a two-story building—soo on the lower and 500 on the upper floor. To supply food for this immense number of cows required a very largo farm, and almost an army of laborers and Welsh milk-maids. The profit to the proprietor was $60,000 per annum. We have seen many other large dairies, but none of such mammoth proportions as the one men tioned. Ttie fact stated is to show the extent to which this business is carried in other countries. We are accustomed to think it beneath the dig nity of a man of intelligence and large capital. In this connection we will state a fact as to profit. We had an opportunity on one occasion to examine the farm accounts of the Bailiff, overseer,) of Lord Corehouse, in Lanarkshire, Scotland. Those accounts were kept with rigid mercantile exactness. The wheat crop averaged fifty bushels to the acre—the average price was $2 per bushel. The butter from 100 cows was so Id in Glasgow, thirty miles distant, at six pence (twelve cents) per pound. Yet the books showed that the dairy, with butter at twelve cents per pouud, yielded a greater net profit than the wheat at $2 per bushel, and an average product of 50 bushels per acre. The calves, the pork fattened from sour milk, the value of the manure in in creasing the fertility, and therefore the value of the land, all entered into this calculation, and were legitimately credited to the dairy. Now, when we think of land at SSOO per acre, which was the saleable value of this estate of COO acres, of the terrible severity of a long Scotch winter, who does not see that under similar skillful man agement, a pound of butter cau be raised much cheaper iu Georgia than in Scotland? Instead of 12 cents, we get 30 to 50 cents per pound for butter, and cheese in proportion. Yet, if there be a dairy of 20 cows in milk in Georgia, we do not know it. If we are in error, we desire to be cor rected. Let us make these enquiries of General Capron the occasion of thoroughly ventilating this impor tant subject of milk dairies near the cities, of but ter in the spring, autumn aud winter, and cheese in the summer, at points more distant from them. It is one of the branches of a diversified industry to which our attention must be turned. It in volves one of those measures of self-help or self protection to wdiich we must recur, if we would be a thrifty and independent people. —The Plan tation. Office Secretary State Agricultural Society. Macon, Ga., March 2d, 1871. The Executive Committee of the State Agricul tural Society of Georgia at its session iu February, resolved to hold its great Annual Fair of 1871 at Macon, beginning Monday, the 23d of October, and continuing four days. The committee of seven appointed from the Ex ecutive Committee to revise the Premium List, adopted, and ordered published immediately the subjoined list of Premiums on field crops. They will meet several weeks to come, for the purpose of revising the remainder of the List. In the mean time, all persons who have suggestions of amend ments or additions to the List of last year, will please communicate them in writing to the Sec retary. PREMIUMS ON FIELD CROPS. Sec. 1. For the cheapest ten bales of cot ton SSO 00 Sec. 2. For the cheapest and best one acre of corn 50 00 Sec. 3. For the cheapest and best one acre of pea-vine hay 50 00 Sec. 4. For the cheapest and. best one acre of clover hay 50 00 Sec. 5. For the largest crop of cotton pro duced on two acres of upland—with the mode of cultivation, the amount and kind of manure used, the period of planting, the number of limes plowed and hoed, the kind of cotton; the land to be measured aud the cotton weighed in the presence of three disinterested and reliable witnesses with certificate ’4'rom them 50 00 Sec. 6. Largest crop of native grass hay raised on one acre—requisition as above 50 00 Sec. 7. Largest crop of cultivated grass hay, including or not a mixture of clo ver 50 00 Sec. 8. Largest crop of corn grown on two acres upland, not less than 72 bushels per acre—requisitions as above 50 00 Sec. 9. Largest crop of corn grown upon 2 acres of lowland, not less than 100 • bushels 50 00 Sec. 10. Largest crop of wheat grown upon two acres 50 00 Sec. 11. Largest crop of lowland rice on one acre 50 00 Sec. 12. Largest crop of oats raised ou two acres 50 00 Sec. 13. Largest crop of rye per acre 25 00 Sec. 14. Largest crop of barley per acre.. 25 00 Sec. 15. Largest crop of sweet potatoes raised per acre, one-eighth of an acre to be dug and certificates of the yield by disinterested persons furnished 50 00 Sec. 16. Largest crop of Irish potatoes raised per acre 50 00 Sec. 17. Largest crop of turnips raised per acre 50 00 Sec. 18. Largest crop of ground peas or pinders per aero 25 00 Sec. 19. Largest crop of field peas per acre 50 00 Sec. 20. Best box ol chewing tobacco,Geor gia raised.. 20 00 Sec. 21. Best box of cigars from Georgia raised tobacco 10 00 Sec. 22. Best sample Southern raised smo king tobacco 5 00 Sec .33. Best sample Georgia raised leaf tobacco 5 00 Sec. 24. Best crop of broom corn on one acre, with sample of one bale 25 00 CROP* BY BOYS UNDER SIXTEEN YEARS OF A OF. Sec. 1. Largest crop of Indian corn grown by any boy under 10 years ol age on one acre of laud—requisitions as iu other field crops.. T. 25 00 Sec. 2. Largest crop of cotton grown by any boy under 16 years of age, on one acre, requisitions as above 25 00 In the reports made by exhibitors of all the above crops, the cost of production must be care fully estimated and reported, and in the cost of production sliall be considered the value of the land, the cost of fertilizers and the cost of culti vation. Exhibitors of all the above crops must also state in writing, in full, to the Secretary at the time of making the entry, all the facts as laid down in the requisitions for corn, cotton, etc., given above; the statement must be accompanied also with certificates of three disinterested wit nesses of the measurement of land and of the yields of pounds or bushels per acre. Judges will be instructed to withhold the awards where ex hibitors fail to comply with these rules. Printed copies of this notice are sent to all the members of the convention with the request that they will procure, if practicable, its publication in any daily, weekly, or monthly journal accessible. By order of the Committee. A. H. Colquitt, President. David W. Lewis, Secretary. DRUGS, MEDIINES, ETC. fePECTORAm feCQUCHiCOLPUaj For the Speedy Belief and Permanent Cure of CONSUMPTIOIT BRONCH'ITIS, ASTHMA, COLDS, And all diseases of the LUNGS, CHEST, OR THROAT! The EXPECTORANT is composed exclusively of Herbal and Mucilaginous products, which Permeate the very Substance of the Lungs, causing them to throw off'the acrid matter which col lects in the Bronchial Tubes, and at the same time forms a soothing coating, relieving the irritation which pro duces the cough. The object to be obtained is to cleanse the organ ot all impurities; to nourish and strengthen it when it has become impaired and enfeebled by disease; tore new and invigorate the circulation of the blood, and strengthen tho nervous organization. The EXPEC TORANT does this to an astonishing degree. It is ac tive, but mild and congeniul, imparting functional en ergy and natural strength. It affords Oxygen to vital ize the blood, and Nitrogen to assimilate’tbe matter— It Equalizes the “Nervous Influence,” producing quiet aiad composure. To Consumptives It is invaluable, as it immediately relieves the diffi cult breathing aud harrassing cough which attends that disease, For Asthma It is a specific—one dose often relieving the distressing choking, and producing calm and pleasant repose. For Croup No mother should ever be without a bottle of the EX PECTORANT in the'house. We have numerous cer tificates of its having relieved, almost instantly, the little sufferer, wheu death appeared almost inevitable. Mothers, be Advised! Keep it on Hand. This dread disease requires prompt action ; as soon ns the hoarse, hollow cough is heard, apply the remedy, and it is easily subdued; BUT DELAY IS DANGEROUS! I3F"The properties of the EXPECTORANT are de mulcent, uutritive, balsamic, soothing,and healing. It braces the Dervous system and produces pleasant and refreshing sleeping. ‘ It Exhilarates and Relieves (Roominess and Depression. Containing all these qualities in a convenient and concentrated form, it has proven to be the MOST VALUABLE LUNG BALSAM ever offered to sufferers from Pulmonary diseases. Prepared by WM. H. TUTT & LAND, Augusta, Georgia. Sold by Druggists everywhere. 2498—1 y THE GREAT LUNG REMEDY. Globe Flower Cough Syrup Cures permanently Bronchitis, Asthma, Coughs, Colds, Bleeding ol the Lungs, Croup, Whooping Cough and Consumption, when taken in time. Has never failed. OVER T YVENTY THOUSAND LIVING WIT NESSES to bear testimony to the great superiority of Globe Flower Cough Syrup over all other Lung Reme dies introduced. Globe Flower Cough Syrup is a certain curative for every form of Cough. It quickly relieves the spasmodic irritation, promotes expectoration, and clears the uir-passuges of mucus. It purifies the fluids, and heals ulcers and tubercles in the lungs. It should be used in every form of Phthisis Pulino nalis, Pain or Soreness in the Chest, Cough, Bronchitis, Sore Throat, Night Sweats, Feverishness, Loss of Ap petite, und Gradual Wasting Away. We guarantee that it contains no Opium, or any of its preparations, or other injurious drug. A trial, by the Profession and People, is most re spectfully solicited. For sale by Druggists. Price, $1 per bottle.' PEMBERTON, TAYLOR & CO., Proprietors and Chemists, Atlunta, Ga. READ! READ! Byington’s Hotel, Fort Vallet, Ga., Dec. 1, 1870. Messrs. Pemberton, Taylor t& (Jo., Atlanta, Ga.: Gents —For the past two months I have been suffer ing with a very severe cough, and I used fifty different remedies without receiving the leust benefit; but a few days ago a friend recommeuded your Globe Flowei Cough Syrup, and I am proud to say that my cough was entirely cured before the bottle was near empty. 1 am, very respectfully, E. T. Byington. Roswell, Ga., April 23, 1870. Messrs. Pemberton, Taylor db Cos. : Dear Sirs—l received the bottle of Globe Flower Caugh Syrup at noon, yesterday, and began the use of it immediately. My patient passed a more comfortable night than she has for three months, and now, at 10 o’clock a.m., says she feels like another woman. I in tend to continue the use of the Globe Flower Syrup, believing it will make a cure. Never have I witnessed such great beuefit from a remedy in so sho.-t a time, in my life. I shall, in the future, use your Globe Flower Syrup in all cases of colds, catighs and all affections of the lungs that may present themselves. Respectfully, R. B. Anderson, M. D. Erom Rev. 11. E. Taliaferro. Tuskeqke, Ala., Feb. 14, 1868. Dr. J. S. Pemberton: Dear Sir—it not being iu my power to visit your city soon, and as I am often asked for your Globe Flower Syrup, 1 wish you to send me one dozen bottles. My son-in-law has been cured of a long obstinate lung affection, bordering on consumption, by the use of two bottles. Every one who has tried it wants more, and those who have not tried it wish to do so. I will remit the money when you forward the bill. Youis truly, ‘ H. E. Taliaferro. 2507—6 m rpHE WORLD’S WONDER. DR. ABBETT’S ANTI-DYSPEPTIC, —OR— DIVER MEDICINE, A safe and certain cure for all kinds of Liver Com plaints, and all diseases and indispositions that origin ate from a diseased slate or inactivity of the Liver, such as Ohronic and Acute Inflammation of the Liver, Dyspesiu, Sick Headace, Sourness of the Stomach, Lowness of Spirits, Colic, Costiveness, Fever, Ague, Bilious Fever, Dropsy and Jaundice. This Medicine is purely Vegetable, and perfectly harmless; but its efficacy is too permanently established in all the Southern aud Western States to require fur ther recommendation. The wise will not fail to give it a fair trial—that is all that is asked. Hundreds of certificates from the best men in the country attest the value of our Medicine. PRICK SI.OO. t-S l ~Seut by mail on receipt of price. For sale by all Druggists. CRAWFORD & WALKER, Proprietors, 2492—1 y West Point, Georgia. SEWING MACHINES. HEELER & WILSON IMPROVED SILENT SEWLNG MACHINES. ,7 00,000 Kow in Use . Awarded the Gold Medal at Paris Exposition, AND TUB Highest Premium at Georgia State Fair. Best Family Machine in the World, Every Machine Warranted for Three Years. HOWARD <& SOULE, General Southern Agents. Office No. 1, DeGive’s OperajHouse, Atlanta, Ga. 1515 and act like Superior to all others tor Colds, Sore TANARUS! roat, Bron chial and all Lung Difficulties. RUSHTO M’S (F. V.) COD LIVER OIL, for Consumption and S rofula; the first introduced; freehand pure. Sold by Druggists generally. . 519—TSt STOVES. rpHE STEWART COOK STOVE WITH DUMPING ORATE. LATEST IMPROVEMENT! BEST IN THE WORLD MANUFACTURED BT Fuller, Warr en*& Oo troy, n. y. The Stewart Stove, which has been in use f„i more than a quarter of a century, and by its economy and complete adaptation to the wants of he kUchen has maintained an acknowledged superiority over a"i other stoves, ts now introduced to the public with ul the modern conveniences ot Front Draft, Ash Drawer and Dumping Grate. The Fu'es have also been enlarged and improved «o as tc ensure an «r --cellent Draft at all times andstill to retain in the stove its unrivalled econom.cal features. No stove has ever yet been made to do as much work with as little fuel as the Stewart. The following brief summary is the Ifo viva,! W 8 W , ork » receutly accomplished at Gloversville, N. \ with one Stewart Stove: linked 415 pounds of Bread, half a bushel of po ,p'f • Koas,ed ™ pounds of beef. > burre of water; also, 17 gallons heated to 150 degrees. All this with one coal fire, not a particle of coal being put into the stove after the fire was start ed in the morning. Those in want of Cook Stoves will secute the most economy by procuring the best. The Stewart Stoves are for sale in nearly every town and city throughout the United States. i FULLER, WARREN & CO., Exclusive Manufacturers, Troy, N. Y. Branch Houses: [ S *-> Chicago, 111. ) 30 River St., Cleveland, O. The Warren Double Oven Cooking Range, the most perfect operating Range in the market, and the Lawson Hot Air 1* urnaces, the very best for heating Churches, Public Buildings, and Private Resi dences, are also manufactured and for sale by FULLER, WARREN A CO. Descriptive Pamphlets furnished ou application For sale in Atlanta by J. WARLICK, 2486 — Peachtree Street. BUSINESS CARDS. (JARP ETS, CURTAINS, &c. 3. S. Kendrick. Jno. R. Kbndbick. S. S. .KENDRICK & SON, Exclusive Dealers in Carpels. Ot! Uloths, Mattings, Rugs amt Mats, CUR I'A i.\S, CORNICES AND WINDOW SHADES, Plano and fable Covers. Also, Hair Cloths and Fnrnl ture Trimmings. Corner Marietta and Broad Streets, A TLA NTA GEO R GIA ISF" Churches furnished at low rates. Ministers o the gospel also. Orders solicited. 2457-60 t MEN KELY’ SB ells. (Established In 1826.) BELLS for Churches, Academies, Factories, etc., of which more have been made at this establishment than ut the other foundries in ihe UMmfcr afc country combined. All Bells wnr ranted. An illustrated Catalogue sent free upon application to E. A1 U. It. MENEELY, ■ 2496—y* West Troy, N. Y, TRAVELER S GUIDE. Western and Atlantic Railroad Cos. E. W. COLE,, Superintendent. Atlanta Night Passenger Train — Outward. Leave Atlanta 10:15 p.m Arrive at Chattanooga 5:40 a m Day Passenger Train-Outward. Leave Atlanta 8:15 M Arrive at Chattanooga 4:25 Accommodation Train—Outward. Leave Atlanta p.m Arrive at Cartersville 8:11 p.m Night Passenger Train—lnward. Leave Chattanoogß 0:00 p.m Arrive at Atlanta 5:17 a.m Day Passenger Train — lnward. Leave Chattanooga 5:50 a.m Arrive at Atlanta 2:00 p.m Accommodation Train — lnward. Leave Cartersville 6:00 a.m Arrive at Atlanta 9:00 a.m Georgia Railroad. S. K. JOHNSON, Superintendent. Augusta. Day Passenger Train. Leave Augusta 8.00 a m. Leave Atlanta 7:10 a.m. Arrive at Augusta 5:40 p. M . Arrive at Atlanta 6.35 p.m. Night Passenger and Mail Train. Leave Augusta 8:20p.m. Leave Atlanta 10.00 p.m. Arrive at Augusta A M . Arrive at Atlanta 0:40 a.m. Athens Branch train leaves Union Point daily, Sunday excepted, at 1:15 p.m , arriving at Athens at 4:35 p.m. Leuve Athens at 9:15 a.m., arriving at Union Point 12:30 p:m. On Monday and Tuesday nights, a train leaves Union Point at 2:20 a.m., arrives at Ath ens, 5:15 a.m.; leaves Athens, 8 pm., arriving a. Union Point, 11 p.m. Washington Branch.—Train leaves Washington at 10 A.M., arrives at Barnett, 11:30 A.M.; leaves Barnett 2:15 P.M., arriving at Washington at 4:10 P.M. On Mondny and Tuesday nights, leaves Wash ington at 10:20 P.M., arriving at Barnett, 12 at night. Leaves Barnett, 1:50 A.M., arrives at Washington, 3:30 A M. Macon and Augusta Railroad.—Train leaves Camak, 12:40 P.M., arriving at Milledgeville Junction 4:20 P.M.; leaves junction at 0:15 A.M., arriving at Camak, 9:25 A.M. Connects Augusta with R. Caro lina, Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta, and Augusta with Savannah Railroad. Atlanta and West-Point Railroad. L. P. GRANT, Superintendent, Atlanta. Day Passenger Train—Outward. Leave Atlanta .8:15 A.M. Arrive at West Point ....12:32 P.M Day Passenger Train — lnward. Leave West Point 12:55 P.M. Arrive at Atlanta 5:25 P.M Night Freight and Passenger — Outward. Leave Atlanta 3:00 P.M. Arrive at West Point 10:45 P.M. Night Freight and Passenger — lnward. Leave West Point 3:00 A.M. Arrive at Atlanta 10:07 A.M. ■aeon and Western Railroad. A. J. WHITE, President, Macon. Day Passenger Train. Leave Atlanta 5:00 A.M. Arrive At Macon 11:05 A.M. Leave Macon ...,7:50 A.M. Arrive at Atlanta 2.10 P.M. Night Repress Passenger Train — Daily. Leave Atlanta .3:28 P.M. Arrive at Macon 11:05 P.M. Leave Macon 8:50 P.M. Arrive at Atlanta 4:30 A.M. Air-Line Railroad. A. S. BUFORD, President. Leave Atlanta for Norcross every Wednesday and Friday at 5 a.m., connecting at Norcross with stages for Gainesville. Leave Norcross tit 4 p.m. Passen gers reach Gainesville the same day. Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. J. W. THOMAS, Superintendent, Nashville. Day Passenger Train. Leave Nashville 9:30 A.JVf Arrive at Chattanooga 4:10 P.'M Leave Chattanooga 3 45 A.M Arrive at Nashville 1:30 P.M Night Passenger Train. Leave Nashville ..6:15P.M. Arrive at Chattanooga 4:30 A.M. Leave Chattanooga 6:00 P.M. Arrive at Nashville 5:00 A.M. Night trains run daily; day trains run daily, Sun days excepted. Both trains connect at .Chattanooga for Romo, At lanta, and all principal Southern cities. South tieorgia and Florida Railroad, H. S. HAINES, General Superintendent. Krpress Passenger lYain. Leave Savannah every day at 4:00 P.M. Arrive at Jessup (Junction M. Sc B. It. R.) every day at 6:55 P.M. Arrive at Live Oak every day at 1:35 A.M. Arrive at Jacksonville every day at 6:19 A.M. Arrive at Tallahassee every day at 0.22 A.M. Arrive at Quincy every day A.M. Arrive at Bainbridge every day at 6:15 A M. Arrive at Albany every day at 7:15 A.M. Leave Albany every day at 7:00 P.M. Leave Bainbridge every day at 7;45 P.M. Leave Quincy every day at i 5:42 P.M. Leave Tallahassee every day at 7:42 P.M. Leave Jacksonville every day at 7:47 P.M. Leave Live Oak every day at 12:45 A M. Leave Jessup every day at 7:20 A.M. Arrive at Savannah every day at 10:20 A.M. Macon Accommodation. Leave Savannah (Sundays excepted) at.. .5:00 A.M Leave Jessup (Sundays excepted) at... . .8:30 A.M Arrive at Macon (Sundays excepted) at 6:15 P.M Leave Macon (Sundays excepted) at ...9:15 A.M. Leave Jessup (Sundays excepted) at 7:15 P.M. Arrive at Savannah (Sundays excepted) at.10:15 P.M No change of cars between Savannah aud Albany Passengers for Bainbridge change cars at Thomas* ville. Passengers for Brunswick take 4 P.M. train from Savannah. Passengers from Brunswick connect at Jessup with train for Savannah, arriving at 10:20 A.M. Passengers leaving Macon at 9:15 A.M., conneot at Jessup with train for Florida and Western Division. A Passenger Car will be attached to Way Freight Train leaving Savannah Tuesday and Thursday at 7 A M, and arriving Wednesday and Friday at 3:20 P.M.
