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Questions and communications relative
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Sweet Potatoes lntercultural Ma
nuring.
I have about one acre in sweet potatoes.
I cut off oats on this land early in June,
and owing to the dry weather they did
not yield over six or seven bushels per
acre, when I expected at least twenty.
I bedded up the land a week after cutting
the oats, and dry as it was, I set out po
tato plants on the freshly bedded land.
I watered each plant well, taking about a
week (in the afternoons) to set out the
acre. By treading the plants firmly in
and watering, only a small per cent, of the
plants failed to live. On account of the
dry weather and as the result of waiting
for a rain that did not come, I allowed my
plants to stay in the beds until many of
them had vines three feet long. Others
were stunted and sickly looking. With
rain in a reasonable time now I hope to
make a good crop, but probably nothing
like I would have made if I could have set
out the plants at the proper time.
I wish to ask if it would pay me to bar
off the potatoes, running as close as pos
sible and apply some good commercial
fertilizer in these furrows? I do not
think the land is rich enough to make
seventy-five bushels of potatoes per acre,
and I would like to make two or three
times this much of it were possible to do
it. As the potatoes have managed to live
thus far. I hope they will makeup for
lost time when it does rain. R. F. C.
If your land is not sufficiently rich to
make a large crop of potatoes, it is quite
possible to supply some fertilizer now
that will greatly increase the crop. It is
more than likely, however, that when the
rain comes you will find that your pota
toes will grow off very rapidly, especially
* if you have stirred the soil shallow
once or twice during the drought. Sweet
potatoes require but a small quantity of
nitrogen or ammonia, but they do not
need the mineral elements and if these
are available, your potatoes will need
only good, shallow cultivation to produce
a crop of 200 or 800 bushels. No doubt
you have noticed how crops grow off after
a drought when they have been well cul
tivated during the drought.
Any good, complete fertilizer, 200 or 300
pounds, applied in the siding furrows,
would most likely increase the yield to
an extent considerably above the cost of
the manure. If our farmers in the inter
tor had access to such materials, we
should almost always advise the use of
fine bone dust (raw bone) and cotton hull
ashes, two parts of the first to one part of
the latter, bOO or 400 pounds of the mix
ture to the acre, but we are well aware
very few *armers are able to procure
these materials from their local dealers.
The great mass of our farmers buy their
fertilizers on a credit, and as a rule they
take whatever fertilizer the dealer keeps
in stock, which usually is the kind he can
make the most money out of without very
much regard to its quality or the good it
will do the farmer. • I
It is rarely the case that stable manure
is a good thing to use on sweet potatoes,
and we should never use it only as a last
resort and then only after it had been made
into compost with mineral elements.
Pure bone dust and ashes constitute the
very best fertilizer for sweet potatoes, if
properly applied early in the season.
When applied after the crop has been
Started, some good ammoniated super
phosphate with 7 or 8 per cent, of potash is
• bout as good as anything. A superphos-
Ehate with 2or 3 per cent, of ammonia is
etter than one with more ammonia.
Rank nitrogenous manure is not good for
potatoes. As a rule, they do best after
tome previous crop that has been well
manured. The largest crops of sweet po
tatoes are usually grown by truckers,
who plant them on land that has borne a
crop of early vegetables—peas or onions,
or other crop that is taken out of the
way by June 1.
We have made fine crops of sweet pota
toes after a crop of Irish potatoes that
had been highly manured early in the
season.
Help Us.
When you see a question in this depart
ment of the News and your experience
enables you to answer it more satis
factorily than the editor has been able
to do, do not keep silent under the in
fluence of a false idea of propriety, but
give us your views of the subject right
• way. It requires an encyclonedia, you
know, to answer every question, and the
Combined knowledge of all of our readers
constitute a very excellent farmer’s ency
clopedia. Have you gleaned any informa
tion of practical value this season I What
did you learn about the value of culti
vating in dry wfiather?
To Our Farmer and Gardener Headers.
This department of the Morning News
is intended as an ‘‘exchange” for you.
We trust each reader of this page (and
we found out long ago that there are
interested readers by the hundreds) will
Bend us some item that will be of interest
•nd value to the practical farmer or
gardener. Every farmer and gardener
possesses some valuable information that
no other possesses, and he should not
keep it all to himself. It is only fair to
make an exchange of this information.
Send us an article on the topic that in
terests you the most, and see if you do not
please and help somebody. You are
bound to do it.
Scab by Irish Potatoes—How to Treat
to Make Good Seed.
Very few people are willing to buy
•cabby potatoes for table use, and the
market gardener or trucker will find it a
poor business to attempt to sell such po
tatoes. As a remedy has been found that
will almost completely prevent scab and
as it is so simple, too, there is hardly any
excuse for raising scabby potatoes.
The Michigan experiment station made
•ome conclusive experiments the past
season in respect to this matter with this
result, which merely proves tests pre
viously made by others.
It was found that scabby potatoes in
tended for seed when soaked for I’g to 2
hours in a solution of corrosive sublimate
with the strength of one ounce of it dis
solved in twelve to fifteen gallons of
water produced a crop of potatoes very
nearly free from scabby tubers whereas
the same sded untreated produced pota
toes that were infested with scab to the
extent of 35 to 70 per cent. These exper
iments are fully set forth in bulletin No.
108, recently issued.
Sheep for the South.
One is met at the threshold of the sub
ject I have chosen with a sneer, says Dr.
Galen Wilson, in Farm and Fireside, per
haps, and the remark, “Don’t you know
tariff tinkering has ruined the sheep in
dustry and everybody is getting out of it?
Wool is only 15 cents a pound.” Well,
what of it? What is the price of hair?
Wool sells for as much as that, doesn’t it?
People grow cattle purposely for beef to
eat and nothing is ever said about their
hair.
Now, meat is considered by most per
sons as a necessary part of their diet. It
is generally considered that meat of the
sheep is more nutritious than that of
cattle; it is more tender, more whole
some, does not waste away so much in
cooking, is generally liked better and
usually brings more in market; and to
cap the climax, it - has been proven by
careful, scientific experiment that, dis
carding wool from the account entirely, a
pound of mutton can be grown cheaper
than a pound of beef. Now, as long as
people eat meat the sheep industry is not
ruined; and until cattle grow wool in
stead of hair, sheep certainly should take
precedence.
The farmer who keeps sheep has a cer
tain convenience that I do not remember
of having seen noted. He does not wish
to confine his family and help to a salt
meat diet in the busy season of summer.
It would not pay to slaughter a beef;
then, to secure a change of salt to fresh
he must either purchase of traveling
butchers, who invariably sell the best
pieces in town and offer the farmer bone
and gristle, or he must hitch up a team
and drive to town himself. In either
he has to pay the cash, which it is
not al ways convenient to do. How much
better it would be for him to keep a
flock of sheep and slaughter a fat lamb
when fresh meat became desirable. A
lamb can be utilzed fresh in an ordinary
family in warm weather, and a beef can
not.
Having, as I believe, dispelled the idea
that “sheep don’t pay”—if any reader
still entertained such belief—l will pro
ceed in line with my text. The southern
part of the United States is on the same
parallels of latitude in which sheep flour
ish best in the eastern hemisphere. This
is assurance that the climate here is right
for these animals. The government re
port states, I believe, that only about 50
percent, of the south is occupied by
farms, or farmers; and everybody knows
that as a rule only a small portion of each
is tilled. Open ranges, and some of them
vary extensive, exist in every direction,
and there is nothing to occupy them.
They may be called stockless with much
more of truth than a certain public man
is facetiously called “sockless.”
Most of the ranges are wooded more or
less, of course, but I have it from many
correspondents that where the under
growth is kept subdued grasses will cover
the surface. I know of a pine forest of
1,400 acres where years ago blue-grass
seed was sown on a portion of it. It has
spread all over and on adjoining lands
and now the territory is beautifully set in
blue and Bermuda grasses clear up to the
trunks of the trees, furnishing pasturage
the year around.
Lespedeza, or Japan clover, is another
grazing plant of great value there. A
southern professor of agriculture reported
that he had seen Lespedeza knee kigh in
a thicket of small timber, so dense he
could hardly get through.
From correspondents I learn that sheep
are almost entirely free from diseases.
They are troubled some from external
parasites, but dipping, as in the north,
would remedy that. All sheep should be
dipped twiqe a year. I have it from an
agricultural editor of Mobile, that the
“Lower South,” which embraces a belt
from the Mississippi river to the Atlantic
ocean, and one hundred and fifty miles
wide from the Gulf of Mexico north, is
entirely free from burrs that adhere and
litter up wool.
There are but very few sheep in the
south, and these are mainly natives, and
they are doing well considering the al
most entire want of care. To gather
them once a year for shearing and attend
ing to the lambs is about the extent of
the attention they got. With this
equable sheep climate, lands at $2 to $lO
an acre and extensive- open ranges, it is
an ideal sheep country. The subject is so
broad that only the main points can be
stated in this “trial trip” communica
tion.
Cowpea for Feeding.
A prominent agriculturist in the south
says of the cowpea: “For the produc
tion of a nitrogenous food >in the shape of
a forage crop the cowpea vines are
almost without a rival. * * * On an
acre of ordinary land this crop will
probably produce more digestible food
than either oats or corn. The manure
resulting from feeding this crop is of the
highest value, and should be carefully
preserved and returned to the land.”
At the Rhode Island Experiment sta
tion a crop of 17X tons of green cowpea
forage was harvested. This contained
157>> pounds of nitrogen, which at 15
cents per pouna would make the crop
worth $23.63 per acre for green manuring.
At $3 per ton the 17% tons would be
worth $52.50 for feeding, and there will
be less than one-third of the fertilizing
ingredients lost in feeding the crop.
vV hat has been said of the above crops
applies with equal force to other crops
commonly used for green manuring. The
matter resolves itself into this, that on
medium and better classes of soils green
manuring is not as profitable as feeding
the crop. Wheh the crop is fed the stub
ble and roots are left to the soil, and
they together with the manure enrich the
soil in fertilizing materials and in humus
to very nearly the same extent as plow
ing the whole crop under. With the ex
ception of perhaps one-fourth of the fer
tiiing materials, the soil shares all the
advantages to be abtained from green
manuring when the crop is fed and the
manure preserved. More labor is involved
in feeding, but in return more milk and
more beef are made, or the purchase of
expensive grain is largely avoided.
In a rational system of farming not a
single pound of protein which can be used
as food for stock should be plowed into
the soil. Os course there are condi
tions under which green manuring is to
be recommended in preference to feeding
the crop, and unfortunately such condi
tions prevail at present over a considera
ble part of this country. Unless the
manure is carefully collected and pre
served. the advantages from feeding
disappear to a large extent. In some sec
tions of the country, even where manures
are at present necessary, little or no care
is taken of the barnyard manure. A large
proportion of the fertilizing and humus
forming ingredients is lost.either through
leaching, surface-washing, or fer
mentation and decay. The farmer
who permits this waste, whether
through ignorance or carelessness, is sure
to feel the loss either in diminished crops
or in increased bills for fertilizers. The
tarnyard manure should be as scrupu
lously' cared for as any other farm pro
duct. It has been shown in experiments in
the east in growing stock for beef, mut
ton and pork, that a very large proportion
of the profit was in the manure. If the
value of the manure was left out of the
account there was little or no profit from
the operation. If the manure was valued
at current rates for fertilizing materials a
fair profit was apparent.—Farmers’ Bul
letin No, 16, N. D. A.
THE WEEKLY NEWS (TWO-TIMES-A-WEEK): THURSDAY, JUNE 28, 1894.
The Peanut Crop. •
The perfection of the Virginia peanut
is well known, says the Texas Farmer. It
is noted for its large size and its bright,
clear color. A very important element
foi* the production of this superior article
is an abundance of shell lime, and this,
*jrtunately. is easily obtained from the
seacoast. Many villages in the south side
tidewater counties have their kilns for
supplying this necessary article, and the
price has been greatly reduced. An av
erage application of shell lime is about
1,000 pounds per acre, varying in
quantity as the crops have been
rotated. It is usually ap
plied in connection with seasoned
muck in the row and well worked in. but
if there has been delay in securing the
lime it is applied as a top dressing along
the row. The various brands of commer
cial fertilizers are also employed with
more or less success, generally at the rate
of about 200 pounds to the acre.
i On light uplands 'planting begins about
May 1, but good nuts have been made
from replanting as late as June 18.
□ After the plant gets up it requires a
great deal of moisture, and it is well to
sprinkle land plaster along the row to as
sist it in collecting the needed element.
Replanting should be attended to at once,
and at the same time trim and -scrape
the row with a hoe and cut out the grass,
if any.
The after cultivation consists in an al
ternate plowing toward and from the
plants, with hoe work accompanying this
each time. The ends of the vines should
be broken up at each cultivation to pre
vent the limbs throwing out needles, and
thus wasting the vitality of the vines in
attempts to form nuts at the ends of these
tentacles. The vigor of the plant should
be expended in making and developing
well-grown nuts around the stem.
About Aug. 1 to 10 the plants are “laid
by.”
Plants from which seed is to be saved
ought to be dug before the frost withers
them much. Then let thembe thoroughly
dried before they are shocked to prevent
the nuts from being damaged by heating
or molding, says a Virginia planter, who
communicated the foregoing to the Flor
ida Farmer: The main crop is dug about
Oct. Ito 10. The plants are rooted out
with a plow and then turned over so as to
be bottom side up, in order that the sun
may dry them out thoroughly. They
ought to be dried at least one day. The
shocl: is made around a stick set in the
ground. Care should be taken to lock
each vine around the stick, making the
shock a little higher than a man and
about the size of a barrel. They should
remain in shock about two weeks, and
when taken down the nuts should be
immediately picked off.
Pleasures of Amateur Gardening.
One of the first inducements I had to
shake off the dust of the city after busi
ness hours and endure fifteen or twenty
consecutive miles of railway dust for the
sake of a home in the country, was the
privilege of living in a house which had
windows in all four sides, says John Hao
berton in Milwaukee Sentinel. Some of
my acquaintances have such houses in
the city, for they also have big bank ac
counts and bundles of first mortgage
bonds; but I got my house at a smaller
rental than I was paying for a stuffy flat
in town. The second inducement was in
timately connected with the aforesaid
wealth of windows—l could fill the house
all winter long with color and perfume at
a cost so ridiculously small that it was
not worth considering.
I know that amateur gardening is popu
larly supposed to be a diversion for old
maids and invalids, yet it was not only a
month or two ago that Bismarck told an
interviewer of the delight he had always
found in fussing over flowering plants,
and expressed his obligations to the his
torians Bancroft and Motley for points in
horticulture. The best American rose,
the glorious “American Beauty,” was
originated by Bancroft, and for one of our
finest lilies, the Barkmauni, we are in
debted to the historian Parkman. Where
such famous men have persistently trod,
no foot need fear to venture.
My own window gardening began a
quarter of a century ago*, it was success
ful and cheap from the first, and became
cheaper as time rolled on, until now I can
fill all my windows with bloom from
Christmas to Easter for the money I used
to pay for a brief and modest show. I
was spared the amateur’s customary
blunder of experimenting with coy ana
costly bloomers by a picturesque Dutch
man, who told me that for winter use in
doors the so-called Holland bulbs—the
hyacinth, narcissus and tulip—gave a
hundred times as much color and perfume
for a given amount of money as anything
that the most expensive florists could
supply, and that the bulbs were so
simple of botanical structure that they
were obliged to bloom at their appointed
time, whether they were in dark rooms
or light, warm rooms or cold, unless first
roasted to death or killed by thirst. I
have cut flowers from bulbs in dimly
lighted cellars, and from windows into
which the sun never shone.
I found my adviser's statement literally
true. The only additional caution he gave
me was that the soil in which the bulbs
were planted should be very rich and
light, but by mixing street sweepings and
sand in equal parts, I achieved success
from the first. Later, I had better luck
by using leaf mold, sand and well-rotted
manure in equal quantities.
Destroying Out Worms.
Onfe of the chief evils which the culti
vator of melons and cucumbers suffers is
from the ravages of cut worms. They
work chiefly at night or in very early
morning, coming to the surface and
traveling above ground until they reach
their favorite plant, which they proceed
to cut down at the surface of the ground.
The best way to destroy these pests is to
make small hollows around the plants it
is desired to protect, and fill them with
wheat bran, into which a due proportion
of Paris green has been mixed. The cut
worm is very fond of wheat bran, and
will continue to eat until the poison does
its work. This remedy cannot be used
where the fowls have full range, for it
will poison them as well as the worms.
The cut worm prefers wheat bran to any
vegetable. It may pay to place wheat
bran without the poison near the plants,
for the purpose of diverting the attention
of the cut worms, and feeding them on
something less expensive than valuable
plants. But it is best to poison the pests
wherever it is safe to do so.
Money From Herbs.
The common sweet herbs, whose seeds
are advertised in all the gardener’s cata
logues, are not so generally grown as
they ought to be. Most farmers grow a
few, and from beds a few feet
square they will cut what would
cost them several dollars to purchase.
It is strange that more of them do not
take the hint and grow a surplus for mar
ket. All are easily grown, the best way
being to start them early in hot beds and
transplant when they' get to be three or
four inches high. This transplanting is
important, for it helps to make the plants
stocky. By having plants started early,
and of some size when transplanted, the
labor of keeping the bed free from weeds
is greatly lessened. The herb crop is,
never a glut on the market, for if the
herbs will not sell while green there is
always in winter a good demand for them
in their dried state. The grower can sell
for half the price that the retailer
charges, and make better profit
than from most other garden vegetables.
Scraps From Here and There.
“A veteran peach grower says that
most peach growers make the mistake of
growing too many varieties for market
There are a few leading standard varie
ties that produce and sell better than any
others through a series of years, and
when these are secured it is a waste of
time, money and land to bother with less
profitable ones.”
. >:■ * * #
WHEAT for laying hens.
“Pure, clean wheat will make hens la.v;
it will also make them fat if you feed too
much of it. A few handfuls in the inter
val between the fixed times for feeding is
good; three times a week is often enough
—variety is essential to a healthy flock,
and grain alone must never be the con
stant feed. We never would feed screen
ings; think it pays best to feed clean,
sound old wheat. Experience is our
basis for saying this.*’
* . * * ' .. .. . .
“There is one material for enriching the
soil, which is especially provided by
nature, and that is homemade manure.
The sensible farmer follows nature’s
recommendation, and saves and applies it
to the utmost possible extent. The fool
ish farmer overlooks it, and goes to town
and spends his hard-earned wealth for
commercial fertilizers.”
* * *
PLANT SOME PEACH TREES.
We believe that peaches can be grown
in all localities where they used to flourish
when the country was new. It is found
that they are not injured during severe
winters when their wood and buds are
well ripened, and this depends more on
having plenty of potash in the soil than
on anything else. Peaches need a great
amount Os potash. Even peach wood is
rich in this mineral, and the fruit and
seeds are still more so. Plant peach trees
and give them as much potash as they
had when the forest had been newly
cleared off, and there will be a return of
the old-time “luck” in growing this fruit.
* * *
FEEDING YOUNG PIGS.
“There is no harm in giving young pigs
plenty ' to eat, provided it is the right
kind of food for growth, with compara
tively little of fat-forming material in its
composition. The pig always begins
right. The sow’s milk is excellent for
growth, and for the first day or two,
while weak, the pig takes its food in
small quantities and often. It is about
the time the pig is one or two weeks old
that its dam’s milk becomes insufficient.
The age depends on the size of the
litter and the milk-producing capac
ity of the sow. If stunted at the time the
sow’s milk becomes too little for them
the pigs never after recover all that is
then lost.”
* * *
“Th? Sharpless is not our best straw
berry by a gread deal, but it is an ex
cellent variety to set among those which
do not pollenize themselves, as it remains
a long time in bloom and is well supplied
with pollen.
The Worden and the Brighton grape do
better when planted near the Concords or
some other varieties than when planted
alone. The reason is that alone they
are deficient in pollenization, While
there are not as many grapes
that need other varieties to
furnish pollen for their blossoms as
there are strawberries, yet there are
many that would give a better yield
when among others than in plots alone,
and some experienced grower should give
us a list of such varieties and of those
that should be planted with them. The
same thing is true of pears, and perhaps
of other fruits. One who had the op
portunity to carefully examine a number
of kinds could easily make out a list,
while the list that we could make from
personal experience would be a short one.
—Ex.
x- « *
“The most formidable competitor of
American cotton manufacturers is likely
to be found in Japan. With wages 16
cents per oday for men and 8 cents
a day for women, the profits of cotton
manufacturing in that country are enor
mous. The New York Commercial Bul
letin publishes some statistics showing
the rapid growth of Japanese cotton man
ufacturing. In 1880 there were twtly
four spinning mitfto. By 1886 el«vsn
more had been added, and ,in
1893 there were twenty-three. Last year
there were 356,000 spindles in Japan. By
the end of this year these will have in
creased to 750,000. The chief factories
are at Osaka. They are equipped with
electric lights, and run day and night,
making two shifts of eleven hours each.
Japanese imports of raw cotton have in
creased from 4.000,000 pounds eight years
ago to 104,900,000 pounds now. Japan be
gan exporting yarn to China two years
ago, and will undoubtedly supercede Eng
lish cotton manufactures in the markets
both of India and China.”
SAW MILLS SHUTTING DOWN.
Death of a Child From Poison.
Abbeville, Ga., June 24.—Owing to the
poor demand for pine lumber, many of
the saw mills in this section are running
on snort time, with the prospect of shut
ting down entirely till there is an im
provement in the lumber market.
There was an excursion from Abbe
ville to Queenland (a station on the
Abbeville and Waycross railroad),
twelve miles from Abbeville, last Friday.
The object of it was to sell town lots at
Queenland at auction. S. P. Losseter,
president and receiver of the road, owns
the property. Twenty lots, 50x100 feet,
were sold. Another sale will take place
soon.
Little Annie, the 4-year-old daughter of
W. H. Miller, a machinist of Abbeville,
died at 2 o’clock this morning from
poison, taken yesterday afternoon. The
physicians are unable to determine what
the poison was, and will probably make a
post-mortem examination.
Copious rains are now visiting this
locality. 4
MAKING WEDDING RINGS.
Various Processes Through Which
the Gold Passes—Fashion in Stones.
From the Boston Herald.
x June, the month of rosesand weddings,
has revived an industry that has proba
bly felt as much as any other, the depres
sion in business. It is that of ring
making.
No bride who is truly fin de siecle
would be married without one of these
golden circlets whose circumference
bounds so much joy as well as sorrow.
A Boston Herald reporter went through
a factory where these magic tokens are
made the other day. It requires a good
deal of labfir, and many men and some
women are engaged in it. When money
is so hard to get by the majority of the
human race, I. makes one shiver, even
in these torrid days, to see the bright,
gold coins, often fresh from the mint,
that are chopped in pieces, and, with the
required quantity of alloy, go into the
crucible after careful weighing.
A ring is now generally made about 14
karats fine. In fact, the proportion made
of finer material is only one to a dozen
of the others. The alloy is composed of
copper, silver and oroide.
The advantage of using gold coin is in
the previous working it has had in the
mint, and the consequent saving in the
melting.
The crucible is a three-cornered cup
made of German clay, and is imported.
material is used because it will bear
the fierce heat, and because none of the
liquid gold will adhere to it.
Whew! How hot it is, and how hun
grily the flame licks the side of the ves
sel, as if it wanted to get in and
DEVOUR THE CONTENTS.
In a few minates the gold has become a
bright fluid, and the crucible is with
drawn, red in hue, from the intense heat.
The gold will not be so bright agein
until it has atttained its shape and re
ceived its last polishing.
The liquid is poured into an ingot
mould, formed into a small bar, and then
plunged with a hiss into a bath.
It may be handled, for it is thoroughly
cooled, and it is then rolled in a mill be
tween two rollers to make it of equal
thickness and to press down any little
pores that may remain in it.
Then it goes back to the furnace,, into
the part called the annealer, and is asrain
subjected to a tierce and raging heat to
make it soft before working.
From the cold bath that follows it
emerges as black as iron, rough and bent,
and like that baser metal, is hammered
into shape on an anvil. After this it is
rolled again, and if the plain, thick band
with round edges, which is the common
■ wedding ring, is desired, it is left of an
equal thickness, and then cut in strips
the required length.
These are soldered together and shaped
1 on a spinning lathe. But for other rings,
which are to carry stones, the bar is
deftly shaped, thicker in the center than
on the edges. This piece of metal goes
under the cutter, is cut just the right
shape, wide in the center and taperiug to
wards the ends.
It is still black and rough, and not a
bit like the gold eagles one saw a short
time before. But
SEVERE TREATMENT
awaits these strips. They are put under
a heavy weight of fifty pounds, and
pounded severely. The implement used is
called a drop, and its frame rests on a
large stone, which, in turn, is on a rub
ber pad. Beneath the floor runs a heavy
truss from wall to wall, as the ordinary
beams would not bear the pressure.
The man pulls the heavy weight up and
down, striking the gold .which is on the
bench beneath. From beneath this weight
it comes out shaped like a ring w’hen flat
tened out, with the oval in the middle
where the stone is to be placed.
Another man at a bench covered with
tools takes one of these rough strips, files
it, brings the ends together and solders
them.
The ring is now less rough, but still
dingy. With a drill this man makes a
hole in the center of the oval for the
stone, and, when this is done, begins
with a very fine and delicate saw to cut
out the claws. This is rathor a nice oper
ation, as they must be alike in size and
shape. But the saw eats into the gold
voraciously, and it looks as if cutting it
was the easiest thing*in the world.
The bits of gold fly in every direction,
but nobody heeds this, for there are piles
of ring, studs and ear-rings to be cut,
while the wedding-rings of plain gold
looked, when massed together, to be suf
ficient to fetter all the brides for years to
come,
After these claws • are made a novice
would wonder how the dirty, brassy
looking ring was going to be transformed
into the pretty little carrier of the spark
ling diamond, the chaste pearl or the
glowing ruby.
But then it goes into the hands of the
polishers. It takes three people to do
this part of the work, but the wheels cov
ered with rubber revolve rapidly and do
it quickly.
The dark material becomes brighter
and brighter, until, under thfi last wheels
.covered with soft cotton, it looks brilliant
and shining.
A WHOLE HANDFUL OF RINGS.
Fashion has her caprice in the matter
of rings as in everything else. The Mar
quise ring, which has been so long on the
topmost wave, is on the w’ane, and the
princesse is dictated by fashion’s nod as
the desirable shape. This is rounded in
stead of sharply pointed, like the erst
while favorite. The ladies’ belcher,ring,
the one whose manufacture has just been
described, is always used for small and
medium-sized stones. For large stones
the rings are not drilled out from the
solid piece, but the claws are cut from a
strip and look like a small comb. These
are cut off the right length and attached
to the rest of the narrow strip that
makes the ring. They come in various
patterns. There are more than 100 styles.
. When the ring business is flourishing
gold eagles to the amount of SIOO to S3OO
are used daily. The alloy in these coins
is mostly copper. Formerly silver was
used, but the coins did.upt wear so woll.
The propietor of the factory, who has
been patiently showing the Boston Her,
•aid reporter just how rings are made,
says that just now a good part of his
profits are found in the dirt. “In the
dirt? Os course that is meant for a joke.”
Then he explains. In the cutting and
drilling tiny chips of gold fly everywhere.
These are carefully swept up with the
rest of the dirt in the rooms, put in a bar
rel and sent to Providence to the refiners.
Here they are burned slowly. And in
the ashes is found the gold. A barrel
packed full of the waste and dirt on the
floor yields about $175 worth of the prec
ious metal.
The aprons with which the men cover
their clothes are washed weekly, the
Wi>w
Wm. 4. Booth
Indiana, Pa.
SavedMy Life
S 3 Worth of Hood’s
Sarsaparilla
Case of Nicotine Poisoning.
“C. I. Hood & Co.. Lowell, Mass.:
“I write these lines to certify that
Hood’s Sarsaparilla has cured me of a
most painful disease from which I have
suffered four years. It appeared in the
form of eruptions on my neck and face,
spreading over my body, so painful that I
could not sleep at night, and could not
work in the dav time, and when I did lay
down and get. into a little doze, if I would
move just a little, it would start that terri
ble sensation, and
Blood Would Start
from the eruptions on my Itegs and body.
I had to wear bandages all the time. My
eyes were swollen, my back in terrible
condition. One physician said it was;weed
poison, another eczema, and another
Nicotine Poisoning,
and that I would have to go to a special
ist. (I omitted to say that I am a «igar
maker by trade.) But Hood’s Sarsaparilla
had been recommended, and thought I
would try it, and am heartily thankful that
I did. I can truly say that Hood s Sarsa
parilla has effected
A Perfect Cure.
I am free from Beres, have a good appe
' tile, no dull feelings, and that continual,
sick headache is gone. This wonderful
cure has only cost me $5. This small
amount of money has rid me of all my
Hood’s Cures
sufferings. lam still taking Hood’s Sarsa
parilla. my faithful friend which hag saved
tny life." Wm» A. Booth, Indiana, Pa.
Hood’s Pills are hand made, and per*
feci in proportion and appearance. 25c.
PEARLINE.
/ /couldrit slape ; an if it was thot barrel
\\ on we h an ds> h° w harrdit must be on the
\k*/v\Z/ durrt!” This is the way a good old
>A s'A\ Irish woman praises some washing-
powder or other which she prefers
/ | \ to Pearline. As it was proven she
L \ * L had never tried Pearline, the com*
' | pliment would appear to be in favor
I °f Pearline.
\ r Whoever heard of any one claim-
ing that Pearline hurt the hands?
. But there’s the trouble —Pearline is
j the original washing compound ; its popularity has drawn
out thousands of imitations—so popular that to many
indicates any powdered washing material. If you are
using Pearline, you are satisfied ; if you are dissatisfied,
B try Pearline. If you are using something with which
you are satisfied and it is not Pearline, try Pearline—
you will wonder you were satisfied before. Pearline
is economical and harmless. " James pyle. New York.
water allowed to settle, and the dregs go
to the refiner, a,s well as that which col
lects in the bottom of the sinks where the
rings take their final bath.
The oil waste is also saved. In fact,
almost every part of the room where this
work goes on contains some of the valua
ble dust.
Sometimes small diamonds are lost for
months, to be recovered, perhaps, by ac
cident.
A manufacturer, who has been nearly
twenty-five years in one room, proposes
to pull up the floor, which is quite badly
worn. Every particle of wood and dust
will be saved, sent to the refiners, and he
hopes the result will pay for a new floor.
VIENNA’S SOCIALISTS.
Fully 25,000 Turn Out to a Universal
Suffrage Meeting.
Vienna, June :24.—An immense meeting
of socialists was held in the Prater to
day, it being estimated that fully 25,000
were present. The object of the meeting
was to declare) in favor of universal
suffrage, for which the Austrian working,
men have been waiting for a long time.
The speakers urged that the agitation be
delayed till speaking commenced.
It was the intention of the socialists to
have a procession through the principal
streets of the city, bqt this was pre
vented by detachments* of mounted and
foot police. A alight conflict between the
would-be paraders and the police occurred
and two socialists were arrested. The
crowd attempted to resist the police and
the police used their clubs and revolvers
to maintain the peace. The crowd sang
a number of revolutionary songs but
there was no serious disturbance.
PANIC ON A STEAMEB.
An Explosion Kills the Engineer and
Passenger s Jump Overboard.
Yonkers, N. Y., June 24.—The side
wheel steamer Col. Chester, which rest
Williamsburgh with a party of excur
sionists numbering 1.000 or 1,200 this
morning, is in distress at Stony
Point. The Col. Chester steamed
up the Hudson to West Point and
was on its return trip. At 7
o’clock to-night, when a short dis
tance south of loni Island, the steamer’s
engine blew out a staybolt, instantly
killing the engineer. The explosion
caused the wildest excitement on board,
and several passengers jumped into the
river. A number of boats were sent out
from the shore, and the unfortunate ex
cursionists were picked up. It is re
ported, however, that three or four per
sons were drowned. The passengers
were brought to this city by rail to-night.
THE ROAD CONVENTION.
Delegatee That Have Been Appointed
by Gov. Northern.
Atlanta, Ga., June 24.— The governor
has appointed, at; the request of the Hon.
Roy Stone, special agent and engineer of
the United States office of road inquiry,
the following gentlemen as delegates to
the road convention to be held at Asbury
Park, N. J., July 5 and 6: Prof. C. S.
Strahan, Athens; Hon. W. F. Eve, Au
gusta ; George W. Harrison, Atlanta; J.
W. Robertson, Cornelia: H. P. Smart,
Savannah; N. G. Oattis, Columbus; Prof.
J. B. Hunnicut, Athens; George W.
Adair, Atlanta; W. G. Whidby, Atlanta;
Halstead Smith, Rome; J. L. Underwood,
Camilla; W. A. Huff, Macon.
A New Hall Dedicated.
Live Oak, Fla., June 24.—Yesterday
was a gala day for Live Oak. The new
Masonic hall was dedicated. The largest
gathering of Masons ever assembled in
this town was present. The hall is a fine
one. The fraternity is justly proud of it.
Grand Secretary, Maj. A. J. Russell, de
livered an eloquent and instructive speech,,
and ex-Grand Master of Jasper,
made a speech full of wisdom and sound
Masonry.
In the afternoon, in the presence of an
immense crowd. Senator Broome of
Quincy, on behalf of Mrs. Worth Stevens,
presented to the Suwannee Rifles a beau
tiful flag. Capt. C. J. McGeehee on behalf
of the company accepted the flag in a
well taken speech.
County Delegates Chosen.
Yulee, Fla., June 24.—According to a
call of the democratic executive commit
tee yesterday there was a primary elec
tion held here for the purpose of selecting
delegates to the county convention to be
held at Callahan June 29. The following
delegates were selected unanimously: J.
C. Wilson, R. H. Jones. T. R. Braddock,
W. B. Houston, J. Hughes. C. A. Snow
ball, J. W. White. The Kelly faction re
fused to participate in our meeting, and
will send up a contesting delegation.
MOPENNI RESIGNS.
The King Declines to Accept—He
Wants to Fight a Duel.
Rome, June 24. —Gen. Mocenni, minis
ter of war, has resigned from the cabinet,
but the king has refused to let him retire.
He was insulted by Signor Imbriana, the
radical leader, during a debate in the
chamber on June 15, and he wished to be
relieved of his office so as to be free to
challenge Imbriani.
Touched the Wrong- Conscience.
The Boston Transcript says that a few days
ago, while a gentleman was buying stamps in
the postoffice, some one took his umbrella, as
he believes, by mistake, and the loser put his
card in the morning paper: - The kind friend
who carried off my umbrella at the postoffice
yesterday, will bear in mind that the -gates of
heaven’ are only twenty-four inches wide. My
umbrella measures twenty-eight. At the
other place he won’t need It. Didn’t Dives
pray for just one drop of water? He had bet
ter return it to No. 208, Chamber of Commerce,
and no questions will he asked.’’ A few days
later a boy brought in an umbrella, but. alas!
not the advertiser’s. He had caught the
wiong man s conscience.
A TEC COES TO THE BOTTOM
Twenty-five Lives Lost Off the At.
lantic High lands.
The Tur Over-crowded With a Fishing
Party and 1b Said to Have Been Top
heavy, Old and Rotten—-A Difference
of Opinion as to the Exact Cause of
Her Foundering:.
New York, June 24.—The tug James D.
Nichols, owned by William Reeves of
87th street, this city, foundered off the
Atlantic Highlands shortly before 1
o’clock this afternoon. The Nichols had
on board a party of excursionists number
ing 68 persons, and also a carried a crew
of five men. As near as can be learned
at this writing 48 persons were
rescued by the steamer Algonquin of the
Clyde line and the tugs Governor, Wal
lace B. Flynn and R. J. Moran. This
leaves twenty-five persons unaccounted
for, and these have probaoly been
drowned. The names of the victims
have not all been learned yet, and it will
probably be several days before a com
plete list of the dead can be gathered.
ON A FISHING FROLIC.
The tug Nichols was chartered by an
association known as the Herring Fishing
Club, whose headquarters are at No 55,
First avenue, this city. The tug, with
the party on board, left the foot of Sixth
street, East river, this morning at 7:30
o’clock. She stopped at Pier 3on her
way to the fishing grounds, and off Sea-,
bright, where several more persons were
taken on board, making 68 in all.
The fishing was indifferent and the
weather threatening, and the tug started
homeward.
CAUSE OF THE ACCIDENT.
Stories differ as to what happened on
board the tug. According to one chapter
of the narrative, the fishermen, to avoid
getting wet, moved around on the dry
side of th® vessel—that is, the side where
the waves did hot strike with such force.
It is claimed by some that this action on
the p%rt of the passengers resulted in the
foundering of the vessel.
With the increased weight on one side
she toppled over, and the water ran into
her to such an extent that it was there
after impossible to navigate her. She
struggled for a short distance, and then,
as the water continued to run into her,
she sank further and further into the
swells and went down.
SAID TO HAVE BEEN OLD AND ROTTEN.
By others it is claimed that the shifting
of the passengers had nothing to do with
the accident. These allege that the tug
was an old and rotten affair; that she
was terribly overcrowded and conse
quently top-heavy, and that when she got
into the heavy sea she simply turned over.
She blew her whistle and attracted lat
ten lion on board of the steamer Algon
quin, which was a mile away. The Al
gonquin lowered a life boat, but the tug
sank before either the life boat or the
tugs named came up. As she sank out of
sight the top of the wheel house, together
with a raft and a life boat, remained
floating on the water.
ESCAPE OF THE SURVIVOR?.
To every particle of wreckage clung one
or more of the remaining throng. The
life raft was the most sought for, and
those who were so fortunate as to make
it were saved.
The tug’s lifeboat was found afloat, but
full of water. In it was the body of a
drowned man tangled up in the lines.
The water was so rough that the Algon
quin made no attempt to pick up her life,
boat, but gave it a line and towed it
astern until quarantine was reached.
Ted’s Invention.
From the New York World.
Said little Ted, “When I’m a man—
It’s very long to wait—
But then I'm going to buy a clock
Without a half-past eight.
“I’d have such good times’right along
From breakfast until late,
If our big clock went on and on
And skipped that half-past eight,
“But almost every morning now
I hear mamma, or Kate
Call, Ted! It’s nearly time for school,
Make haste, it’s half-past eight.’
“And in the evening it’s the same.
Or worse. I know I hate
To have papa say, ‘Bedtime. Ted,
Look there, it’s half-past eight.’
‘‘Now when I get to school to-day.
First thing I’H take my slate
And make a picture of a clock
That has no half-past eight.”
X A world of misery is X
X implied in the words X
X “Sick Headache.” X
O A world of relief is Q
Q wrapped up in zftwen- X
Q ty-five cent box of Q
Beecham’s
(guinea! *
(Tasteless)
8000000000‘8