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Wonders of the Heavens By GARRETT P. SERVISS
The Strange and Beautiful Spectacle Presented by the Planet Saturn Still Puz
zles Astronomers as It Has Done Ever Since Galileo’s Time.
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The most wonderful creation in the visible universe: Saturn an d his rings of flying myriads of
small particles—attended by his eight largest satellites.
’ HERE is no sight that the tele-
I scope presents to the eye of
wondering man that is at once
po strange and so beautiful as the
planet Saturn. You have only to look
at the picture of that wondcrful‘
ringed world in order to be convinced
that here is something utterly unlike
anything else in the heavens.
To begin with, that great belted
globe is more than 75,000 miles in
‘diameter—almost ten times the diam
eter of our earth. The outermost of
fts three rings (which are really cir
cular, although they look oval, be
cause they are inclined to our line of
sight) has a span of nearly 170,000
miles. The black gap between the
outer ring and the central one is
about 1,600 miles across. The central
ring is the brightest of the set, and
is 16,500 miles across.
The inner ring is the most marvel
ous of all, because, as the picture
clearly shows, it is transparent, so
that the globe of the planet can be
seen through it. This is sometimes
called the Crape Ring, and it is about
9 000 miles across.
These rings are not solid, uniform
bodies, but it has been proved that
they must consist of vast multitudes
of particles, like meteors, which re
volve around the planet in flat wheel
like, or disklike, clouds. Where they
are most numerous they reflect so
$l2 Week More Than
‘Rich’ FarmerCanPay
CHICAGO, June 26.—Robert Schu
feldt, “wealthy Canadian farmer,” in
jail for failure to pay his Chicago
wife $l2 a week, explained that the
business of being a “wealthy Cana
dian farmer” is not profitable. 1
simply haven’t got the money,” he
gaid. “They say I'm rich because 1
bhave a farm—mortgaged.
“And I haven’'t been able to get a
crop off it in two years. My wife left
me seven years ago because she gidn’t
like that Tich Canadisp farm,’ end I
had to'sell furniture to buy her mket
to Chicago.”
THE GEORGIAN'S NICWS BRLEES
much of the sunlight falling upon
them that they look like polished
disks, but in the Crape Ring they are
so scattered that the amount of light
reflected only suffices to show the
ghost of a revolving disk there,
It is possible, with the aid of the
spectroscope, an instrument that is
able to detect the velocities of bodies
in swift motion toward or away from
the observer, to measure the relative
speed of the particles composing the
three rings. Those in the outer ring
move the most siowly, those of the
central ring with greater speed, and
those of the inner ring with still
greater speed. Taking the entire sys
tem of rings into consideration, it
may be said that the inner edge takes
about three-fifths of the time to make
a revolution that is required by the
outer edge, the periods being respect
ively six hours and ten hours,
But the globe of the planet is no
more solid than are the rings sur
rounding it. As a whole, it is lighter
than water, so that it would float if
there were an ocean large enough to
throw it into. On account of this
slightness of density which charac
terizes Saturn, as well as from other
conciderations, astronomers are gen
erally agreed that it can not be a
L.abitable world, at least not in our
terrestrial sense of that term. It is
probably not even in a liquid condi-]
tion, but rather in a vaporous state;
in short, a_vast cloud-ball having,
possibly, a core, or nucleus, of cof—J
siderable density, and in which solidi
$1,160,000,000 Is
Year's Lumber Value
BUFFALO, June 25.—The manufac
turing lumber industry of the United
States employs about 785,000 men and
its annual manufactured products are
valued at $1,160,000,000, or more than
that of the iron and steel industries of
the country. .
These statements were made by E. V.
Babcock, of Pittsburfi. in accepting the
m:stdency of the ationafl Hardwood
mber Association, which ended its
seventeenth annual convention.
et Re et e
SNA§EBIT! ENDS OUTING.
DALTON, June #.—Judge C. D. Mc-.
Cutchen, of this ecity, who, with two
companions, left Monday for a camping
trip to Jaek River, gg the Cohutta
Mountains, returned me to-day, bis
onting being cut short by the bite of a
rattlesnake.
fication may have begun.
In the remote future, perhaps, Sat
urn will have condensed into a very
‘different kind of world from what it
is to-day, and then, for all that we
know, life in some such forms as we
are acquainted with may appear upon
its broad surface.
The picture shows eight of Saturn’s
satellites or moons. There are one or
two others, very minute and distant
bodies, one of which seems to re
volve around the planet in a direc
tion contrary to the motion of all the
others. These satellites, small as they
look in the picture beside their giant
master, are in some cases much larger
than our moon. It is the belief of
some astronomers that they have been
formed out of other rings which once
surrounded Saturn. The present rings
would also, probably, turn into moons
if they were not so near the big
planet that its tidal effect upon them
suffices to prevent their particles
from ever uniting to form a sinle
large globular body, or even a num
ber of such bodies. Once formed such
bodies would be speedily torn to
pleces by the tidal strain of Saturn’s
attraction. It has been thought that.
in consequence of the continual col
lisions occurring among the particles
of the rings, their velocity may be
gradually destroyed, so that eventu
ally they will all fall upon the planet,
and some have suggested that the
Crape Ring is composed of a shower
of such falling particlee shed from
the denser rings above them.
Sues for $50,000 for
6S 3 )
poonful of Brains
NEW YORK, June 25.—Irving
Ramsay, a chauffeur, i suing for
$50,000 for the loss of a “spoonful of
brains” in an explosion while repair
irg a gasoline tank. &
Headache Powders
Kill Blind Singer
OAKLAND, CAL., 'June 25.—That
death resulted by taking an overdose of
l;urro &md;u:: ;}l ode‘::llgof)l olt{e}::n
ln;:. the blind singer, :
WASHINGTON, fune 25 —Official
confirmation of the fall of Zacatecas
at € p. m. yesterday reached the State
Department to-day in a telegram
frem Consular Agents Carothers and
Edwards at El Paso,
With Zacatecas in the hands of
Villa’s army, the chances of estab
lishing peace between Generals Huer
ta and Carranza anywhere but on the
battlefield have been lessened consid
erably, in the opinion of the diplo
mats and officials here. The reports
of the rebel victory and the flight of
the ]?Pdorals from San Luais Potosi
overshadowed to a great extent the
r.ews from the mediation camp of the
pigning of the protocol between the
United States and Huerta.
Villa Scores His
Greatest Triumph.
By JOHN W. ROBERTS.
ZACATECAS, STATE OF ZACA
TECAS, MEXICO, June 24, (delayed
by censor).—General Francisco Villa
has accomplished the greatest victory
of his remarkable career by the cap
ture of this city after five days of
bloody fighting, which resulted in the
practical annihilation of one of the
largest and best equipped armies ever
gathered in Mexico by the Federals.
Fully 2,000 Federals were killed in
the fighting and as many wounded.
Between 5,000 and 6,000 Federals were
taken prisoners by the Constitution
alists. Practically all of these will be
enrolled in General Villa’s ranks. Of
General Barron's army of 13,000 men,
less than 5,000 escaped.
General Barron also lost half of his
artillery, 6,000 Mauser rifles, a great
quantity of ammunition for rifles and
cannon, 18 locomotives and 300 freight
ears, loaded with stores of all kinds,
most of which had been looted from
establishments of local merchants.
Among the wounded are General
MacLovio Huerrera, General Trani
dad Rodriguez and General Ortega,
three of Villa's ablest officers and
most gallant fighters. All three
probably will die. Therr loss would
be keenly felt by the Constitutional
ists and Villa would lose some of h's
chief mainstays.
The Federal army defending Za
catecas numbered fully 13,000 men,
well armed and supplied with food
and ammunition. They occupied a
rosition believed by military experts
to be practically impregnable. That
General Barron, the Federal com
mander, felt called upon to abandon
such a position under such circum
stances was considered indicative of
his lack of confidence in the loyalty
of the officers and men under h's
command. Those who escaped fled
on foot or on horseback in the di
rection of Aguas Calientes.
Real Problem Not
Touched in Protocol.
By LAURENCE TOD.
MEDIATION HEADQUARTERS,
Niagar Falls, Ont.,, June 25.—The
“A. B. C.” mediators have turned
over to the Mexican peace represen
tatives the mnegotiations relative to
terms of President Huerta to the
Constitutionalists, Parleys are soon
to start in Buffalo or Toronto,
The mediators have agreed with
the American and Huerta envoys
that when a provisional government
is created by the triumph of the
strongest army in Mexico, that gov
ernment shall not punish the Span
iards, Germans, English, Americans
or any other foreigners who may have
heen active an one side or the other
in the wars of the past three years.
This agreement is yet to be ap
proved by the conquerors themselves,
The articles of a protocol signed
here last night by the South Amer
ican mediators and the delegates
from Washington and Mexico City
Governments were positively declared
by Dr. Naon, the Argentine envoy,
and his associates to mark a com
plete guccess for mediation.
‘R'
ich Love Autos
More Than Bible'
NEW YORK, June 25.—The Reyv. Dr.
James 1. Lordon, of Winnipeg, better
known as ‘““Ralph Connor,” the novelist,
preaching here, said:
“The average rich Christian thinks
more of his automobile than he does of
the Bible; the average poor Christian
thinks more of the number of cards in a
deck than he does of the number of
books in the Bible.
“The pulpit may be suffering from a
cold wave of materialization, but hu
manity is indulging in one of the great
est joy rides ever known.”
Nephew of John D.
.
Wireless Operator
o Rl
GREENWICH, CONN. June 24 -
Godfrey Rockefeller, second son of
Wm. G. Rockefeller, has been recog
nized by the Hartford Radio Club as
being the most expert and best
equipped wireless operator in this
section of Connecticut,
KILLED BY LIGHTNING.
ORANGEBURG, 8. C, June 26.—
Sidney Haigler, 40 years of age, was
killed by Hghtning at Cameron dur
ing an electrical and ' wind storm
which visited that place i
9
