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PAGE 2—THE BULLETIN, July 11, 1959
OUR NEW POPE
From: POPE JOHN XXIII: An Authoritaiive Biography by
Zsoll Aradi, Msgr. James I. Tucek and James C. O'Neill. Copy
right, 1959, by Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, Inc., Publishers.
PART II
In 1892 at the age ef 11 years Angelo Ronealli left his home village of Sotto il Monte (.above)
to become a student at the seminary in Bergamo only five miles sway,
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A SEMINARIAN
BECOMES A SOLDIER
The day he set off on the five
mile journey from his home of
Sotto il Monte to the seminary
in Bergamo, Angelo Ronealli
had in his pocket a gift of love.
The year was 1892 and he was
11 years old.
The morning before his de
parture, his mother, Maria Anna
Ronealli, left the house early.
When she returned she put two
lire on the table and broke into
tears.
Two lire was not ah insignifi
cant sum in the 90’s. To collect
it she had made the rounds of
the relatives in the village and
nearby areas. None of them
were any better off than Ange
lo’s father.
But they gave what they
could, not from surplus fuhds
but from money which was
needed at home. She knew this
and she was grateful and proud.
Although the seminary, would
pay for her boy’s education, his
food and board, she did pot
want her son, Angelo, to arrive
at the seminary penniless.. Her
tears were those of joy.
GENEROSITY
Angelo all through his life
shared his parents’ view on
money. It was. to be used to pro
vide for the necessities of life
and some legitimate diversions.
But regardless of how little one
had, generosity was: the only
way. of life.
Accordingly, when he could
finally do it, Ronealli built little
by little a place for the care of
small children in his hometown.
He sent the money to a child
hood friend, Pierino Donizetti,
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then mayor of the town, asking
that the source be kept secret.
The first substantial sum ar
rived in 1943 while he was
Apostolic Delegate in Turkey.
With it came a letter in which
he wrote: “You know that the
greatest desire of my life would
be to build in Sotto il Monte
this infants’ home but as you
know, I am not a capitalist.” It
was not until he became Patri
arch of Venice that he saw his
dream fulfilled.
The city of Bergamo, where
the diocesan seminary was lo
cated, was one of the most im
portant centers of Italian Cath
olicism in the 90’s. Much of Italy
was in a turmoil of bitter anti
clericalism and anti-papal feel
ing ran high. But Bergamo was
profoundly Catholic and its
Bishop and Catholic lay leaders
had developed and put into
practice a constructive social
program.
At the seminary young Ron-
calli became acquainted with
the thought of the leaders of
Catholic social action. The then-
Bishop of Bergamo Antonio
Guindani dedicated his entire
life to the diocese and the city.
The Bishop’s successor, Bishop
Radini Tedeschi, was a nation
ally known leader in Catholic
action. But it was not until after
his ordination that Ronealli was
to come into close contact with
the man who was one of the
great bridges that led the
young man to occupy the throne
of Peter.
Though far from a brilliant
at the age of 14 received his first
tonsure, “the outward and visi
ble sign of the clerical ’ state,
symbolizing Christ’s crown of
thorns.” Two years later, at 16,
he became prefect of the dormi
tory of his class, a distinction
given to students of scholastic
merit.
In 1898, he received minor or
ders and by 1900 his pre-uni
versity training was completed.
The curriculum had included
Latin, Greek, Italian and world
history, mathematics, geometry,
geography, physics, chemistry,
Italian and world literature.
By this time young Ronealli
had found his way and was
a brilliant student. He won a
scholarship to Rome’s great
Seminario Romano. His person
ality was well balanced and his
interests proportionately well
divided with a decisive inclina
tion for history. He was a heal
thy young man liked equally by
professors and fellow students.
Normally priests continue
their education in diocesan sem
inaries. Only those with excep
tional qualities are sent to study
at the great Roman universities.
Angelo Ronealli was one of
these. His future education was
paid for out of the Cerasola
foundation, established for Ber
gamo seminarians by a 17th
century canon of St. Peter’s.
'OBEDIENCE AND PEACE'
While at the Roman Semi
nary, Ronealli encountered one
of the great influences of his
life. This was the writings and
life of the 16th century Cardinal
Cesare Baronio, a disciple of St.
Philip Neri.
His influence on the young
student in his early studies, An- man was marked and constant,
gelo, in the seminary, encount- ■*‘ n -^7 Father Ronealli, then a
ered subjects which interested
him. History in general and that
of the Church accounted for
much of his reading.
Unlike Achille Ratti, later
Pope Pius XI, who was a geni
us at absorbing geology, mathe
matics, poetry and history,
young Roncalli’s character was
not disposed to study for its
own sake. Yet, from the begin
ning, he was a good researcher.
PREDOMINANT INTEREST
He did not have a definite in
clination to be a professional
scholar. His scholastic life in the
seminary is without surprising
achievements. But as a semi
narian he showed qualities that
later made him known as a
warmhearted, amiable and wise
person
Bergamo seminary professor
and secretary to Bishop Radini
Tedeschi, delivered the com
memorative lecture on Baronio’s
works and life during the third
centennial celebrations at Ber
gamo. This was published in
1908, the first of many historical
studies attributable to the pen of
Angelo Ronealli.
When Pope Pius XI appointed
Father Ronealli a Bishop in
1925, he took as his episcopal
motto that of Cardinal Baronio
— Obedienlia et Pax — (Obedi
ence and Peace). Before he en
tered the conclave which elect
ed him Pope, Cardinal Ronealli
went to the tomb of Cardinal
Baronio and knelt in prayer for
an hour. During the same time
. He combined a profound ^ e . a ^ so iuiitated his subject by
knowledge of history with the- ®t. Peter s and leaning
ology and with a predominant head on the foot of the sta
interest in his fellow man.
He was witty in conversation
and had many good friends. His
contacts with his native village,
though on a new basis, never
changed and he spent all his
vacations there, even when his
travels took him to Bulgaria,
tue of St. Peter, repeating the
motto — Obedience and Peace.
In November, 1901, at the age
of 20 Ronealli volunteered for
military service. University stu
dents, including seminarians,
were permitted to shorten their
compulsory military service to
Turkey, Greece and France. He one year if they volunteered.
was always natural with every
body in his daily contacts.
Among the strong influences
on him as a young man in Ber
gamo were the writings of Ales
sandro Manzoni, the great Ital
ian author whose works pro-
Angelo Ronealli picked the in
fantry.
Assigned to the 73rd Infantry
Regiment of the Lombardy bri
gade, he served one year and re
ceived his honorable discharge
with the rank of sergeant. He
bed the meaning and practice of was m no way different from
Christian love. his fellow recruits. On the con-
Bergamo’s musical life was trary he looked like a typical
completely different from that ItaIian soldier. Military training
of glamorous Milan. Here Gae- was not difficult for him. He
tano Donizetti, rather than Ver- had ® reat Physical strength and
di, commanded attention. John cornmorl sense plus an aptitude
XXIII remains a lover of the fo1- comradeship. Later he was
music of Donizetti, Ponchielli to serve in the army again.
Mozart, Bach and the pre-Bach
Italians.
The milestones in the life of a
seminarian are those which
mark his approach to the priest-
MEETS PIUS X
Finished with his military
training he returned to Rome to
continue his studies. In July,
1903, Pope Leo XIII died. His
hood. In 1895, Angelo Ronealli successor was Cardinal Giu
seppe Sarto, who like the fu
ture Pope John was Patriarch of
Venice before coming to the
throne.
A year after the election of
Pius X, Angelo Ronealli was
ordained. The date was August
10, 1904, and the ceremony took
place in the church of Santa Ma
ria in Monte Santo. The follow^
ing day he celebrated Mass in
one of the grottos of St. Peter’s
at the altar which, according to
tradition is next to the tomb of
St. Peter.
Before he returned to his vil
lage the day after his ordination,
Father Ronealli met Pone Pius
X in the halls of the Vatican.
The Pope, who later was canon
ized, laid his hands on his head
and admonished him to live up
to the great vocation that he
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He returned to Sotto il Monte
to celebrate his first Solemn
Mass in the church in which he
was baptized. All the family
were there on August 15, 1904,
the feast of the Assumption. His
sermon was on the theological-
significance of the Assumption.
It was no easy task for though
always held and accepted with
out question, this belief became
an article of faith only in 1950
when it was dogmatically pro
claimed 'by Pius XII.
After the summer Father Ron-
calli returned to Rome to take
his doctorate in theology and
to begin work on a doctorate in
canon law.
While Ronealli was studying
in Rome, Pope Pius X appointed
Msgr. Radini Tedeschi to be
Bishop of Bergamo. This event
changed Roncalli’s life entire
ly. The new Bishop was soon to
be in need of a secretary.
The new Bishop was of an
aristocratic family. He was well
known in Italy for his 15 years
(Continued on Page 3)
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