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QUESTION
BOX
(Continued from Page 4)
missa came to be used almost
exclusively for the central di
vine service, the Eucharistic
Sacrifice.
This is how Father Joseph
Jungmann summarizes the mat
ter in his classic work, The Mass
of the Roman Rite:
"... A CUSTOM grew up of
calling every divine service as
a unit a missa* because it in
cluded a blessing, much as we
style every evening devotion
briefly as a benediction. This
usage had already appeared
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about 400 .. . So the name mis
sa was gradually appropriated
to the Eucharist, not (for a long
time) exclusively, but at least
by preference. Since the middle
of the fifth century, examples
are to be found in the most
widely separated parts of the
Latin area — Italy, Gaul, North
Africa — examples in which
missa is used unequivocally for
the Mass celebration.”
WHEREAS "MASS" is the
most popular term for the Eu
charistic Sacrifice today, it is
not of course the only one. Nor
is it the only ancient one. The
word Eucharist itself (from the
Greek word for gift) was em
ployed as early as the first cen
tury. St. Luke, in his ‘Acts of
the Apostles’, describes the
Mass as the “breaking of bread.”
So does St. Paul in his Epistle
to the Corinthians, although he
also employs the phrase, “the
Lord’s Supper.” Other terms
once commonly used for the
Mass are oblatio (oblation), sac-
rificium (sacrifice) and actio
(action). The first of these was
widely employed up until the
sixth century.
IN THE Greek Church, still
other names were used through
the ages. Today, the Greek
Church speaks of the Mass as
the Divine Liturgy.
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Theology for
The Layman
(Continued from Page 4)
phrases used by Our Lord at the
Last Supper.
In a text already quoted, He
prays that all who come to ac
cept Him “May be one, as Thou
Father in Me and I in Thee, that
they also may be one in us”
(John XVII.21, but read on to
the end of the chapter). Near
the beginning of the great dis
course He had uttered the same
truth, in one phrase “I am in
my Father and you in me and I
in you” (John XIV.20).
To be a Catholic and not to
grasp what it is to be a Catholic
— that is a matter for pity, one
misses so much. But to grasp it
can be frightening too, to see
ourselves, through no. merit or
excellence of our own, so great.
For there is not other dignity to
men which can approach this,
and it is given to every one of
us by baptism.
We are united with Christ,
who is God, with a closeness
which no human relationship
even comes near. Mother and
son are close, but they are still
two. Our union with Christ is
closer than that, at its very
closest, could ever be: and this
for a double reason.
First we are members of
Christ — we do not think of
the organs of our own body,
heart or liver for instance, as
relations, kinsmen, they are
closer to our very being and so
are we to Christ’s.
Second our union with Christ
is in the supernatural order, and
the .lowest relation in the order
of grace is. nearer than the high-
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THE BULLETIN, March 5, I960—PAGE 5
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ATLANTA — Funeral services
for Mrs. George T. Linnen were
held February 20th at the Sa
cred Heart Church with a Re
quiem High Mass, Rev. Clarence
J. Biggers officiating.
Survivors are her husband,
nephew, Mr. Clanton Arm
strong, Atlanta; Mr. Austin
Comer, Mr. M. C. Comer, both
of Rocky Mount, N. C.; Mr.
Charles Hagood, Camden, Ark.
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Services For
Mrs. Husta
SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
ices for Mrs. Ellen White Husti
were held February 16th at the
Sacred Heart Church, Rev. Nor-
bert McGowan, O.S.B., offi
ciating.
Survivors are a sister, Mrs.
Mary W. Rose, Savannah.
Savannah Services
Robert J. Tharin
SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
ices for Robert Julian Tharin
were held February 18th at the
Sacred Heart Church, Rev. Nor-
bert McGowan O.S.B., offi
ciating.
est in the order of nature. It
was so for Our Lady herself.
St. Augustine notes that she
was more exalted by her holi
ness than by her relation to
Our Lord: and he says again
“More blessed was Mary in re
ceiving Christ’s faith than in
conceiving Christ’s flesh.”
Even when we have grasped
the reality of the Mystical Body,
most of us know that we are
making scarcely an effort to
live up to it. Take one single
fact: every Catholic is closer to
us by the union he and we have
with Christ than any member
of our family by natural kin
ship. If we began to treat one
another accordingly, it would be
a new world.
To treat another Catholic
with cruelty or injustice is
plainly to act as if the Mystical
Body did not exist: but short of
actual mal-treatment, to regard
a fellow member of Christ’s
body as merely somebody else
is to ignore the principal fact
about ourself and him.
We have just spoken of Our
Lady. She is the First Member
of the Mystical Body. We shall
speak more of her.
SERVICES FOR
MISS O'NEIL
SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
ices for Miss Collette O’Neil
were held February 18th at the
Chapel of the Little Sisters of
the Poor.
SERVICES FOR
J. M. NAHRA
DOUGLAS — Funeral services
for Jim Mike Nahra were held
February 24th at St. Paul’s
Church, Rev. Gerard A. Moran
officiating.
Survivors are his wife, Mrs.
Mae Courie Nahra, one son,
Jimmy Nahra, Savannah; two
daughters, Mrs. Josephine Den-
nie, Charleston, S. C.; and Miss
Jean Nahra, Douglas; his step
mother, Mrs. Ethel Nahra,
Douglas; one brother, John
Nahra, Douglas; three sisters,
Mrs. Louise DeRaney and Mrs.
Helen White, both of Douglas,
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Savannah Services
For Mrs. Moliere
SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
ices for Mrs. Ellen B. Moliere
were held February 22nd at the
Cathedral of St. John the Bap
tist.
Survivors are a son, H. V.
Englade; a sister, Mrs. Ora War
ren of Richmond, Va.; and
grandchildren.
Each issue of ihis Book Page
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every reader and every con
tributor may be specially fav
ored by her and her Divine
Son.
Charles A. Gibbons
Savannah Services
SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
ices for Charles A. Gibbons, Jr.,
were held February 16th at the
Blessed Sacrament Church.
Survivors are his wife, Mrs.
Luisa Gibbons of Savannah;
two daughters, Mrs. Luisa Ler-
que of Savannah and Mrs. Eliza
beth Norman of Charleston;
two sons, Charles A. Gibbons,
III., of New York and Harry
Gibbons of Canton, Ohio; a sis
ter, Sister Mary Charles of Fall
River, Mass.; and a brother,
George Gibbons of North
Chelmsford, Mass.
SERVICES FOR
M. F. KENNEDY
SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
ices for Michael Peter Kennedy
were held February 17th at the
Chapel of the Little Sisters of
the Poor.
THE VIOLENT BEAR IT
AWAY, by Flannery O’Connor,
Farrar, Straus & Cudahy, $3.75.
(Reviewed by Elizabeth Hester)
“The affliction was in the
family. It lay hidden in the line
of blood that touched them,
flowing from some ancient
source, some desert prophet or
pole sitter, until, its power un
abated, it appeared in the old
man and him and, he surmised,
in the boy. Those it touched
were condemned to fight it con
stantly or be ruled by it. The
old man had been ruled by it.
He, at the cost of a full life,
staved it off. What the boy
would do hung in the balance.”
The “affliction” described
above by one of the three prin
ciple character's in Flannery O’
Connor’s latest novel is the gift
of prophecy, the particular total
dedication of oneself to the
service of God. If the property
is an affliction to the speaking
character, it had been a pre
cious if trying gift to “the old
man,” and as for “the boy,”
his evaluation hangs, as Ray-
ber says, “in the balance.” Whe-
and Mrs. Maude Malaham,
Valdosta.
Atlanta Services
For M rs. Stradmqer
ATLANTA — Funeral services
for Mrs. Annie Marie Stradinger,
were held February 16th at St.
Anthony’s Church, Rev. James
E. King officiating.
Survivors are her husband,
Mr. Ernest P. Stradinger, Mr.
Richard A. Stradinger, Mrs.
Helen Zimmermann, Mr. and
Mrs. William C. Zimmermann,
Lake Mills, Wis.; several nieces
and nephews.
Services For
Emanuel Hernandez
SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
ices for Emmanuel Christopher
Hernandez were held February
23rd at the Cathedral of St.
John the Baptist.
Survivors are a Cousin, Col.
Jessie Starks of Seaside, Oregon.
Services For
James Ahem
SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
ices for James Lewis Ahern
were held February 23rd at the
Cathedral of St. John the Bap
tist, Rt. Rev. Msgr. Thomas I.
Sheehan, a relative and pastor
of St. Joseph’s Church, Macon,
officiating.
SERVICES FOR
C. H. WOODWARD
AUGUSTA — Funeral services
for Charles Hayes Woodward
were held February 12th at St.
Mary’s-on-the-Hill Church, Rt.
Rev. Msgr. Daniel J. Bourke
officiating.
Survivors are a daughter, Mrs.
Charles T. Spears of England, a
son, Marvin Woodward of Au
gusta; a sister, Mrs. M. Gary
Whittle, and a number of nieces
and nephews.
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ther the boy is to accept or to
reject his gift is the entire
theme of The Violent Bear It
Away.
Francis Marion Tarwater, a
Tennessee backwoods boy of
fourteen, has no strenuous ob
jection to being something as
important as a prophet. What he
does object to is any infringe
ment on his belligeranf inde
pendence. As the book opens, all
he has on his hands in his ca
pacity as a prophet is (1) the
duty to bury his dead great-
uncle (the willing prophet who
has raised Tarwater) in ten feet
of ground and set a cross prop
erly at the old man’s head and
(2) an obligation to baptize his
imbecilic cousin, a child of
about six who is the son of
Rayber. These duties had been
relayed to him by his dead
great-uncle and not. by God per
sonally. Tarwarter, in his inde
pendence (and greatly assisted
by a carefully articulate devil),
rebels against these prosaically
acquired instructions, deciding
he’ll take his orders from God
or nobody. He decides, too, that
he’s not even sure there is a
God; after all, he didn’t have
anybody’s word for it but the
old man’s, and he was crazy.
In a work which is at once
intensely poetical and electrical
ly funny, the author propels the
protesting Tarwater to ultimate
acceptance of his destiny. The
boy’s fiercely scrappy resistance
is a splendid show of free will
at work, with glad cooperation
from a wonderfully comical
devil. And at last, of course, by
his capitulation, Tarwater dem
onstrates that God will not be
denied nor, in lesser degree,
even dictated to.
In our time in the United
States there has been a spate of
grotesque fiction designed to
show off the deleterious effects
of fundamentalist faith, or, as
such authors would have it, su
perstition. More popular in the
thirties than the fifties, their
message is still extant, though,
in the grey-flannel-suited hero
who is the sane ideal of his
time; religious faith is to him
at best an embarrassment and,
at worst, an irrelevance. There
have been reactionary Ameri
can fiction writers who have
spoken up in favor of faith and
an early spring (such as Parkin
son Keyes and Bracelen Flood)
and even a small handful who
have met the crushing tide with
serious work (such as Caroline
Gordon and J. F. Powers), but
Flannery O’Connor alone so far
has fought fire with fire. In her
work people are ridiculous but
may derive dignity through faith.
She is in exactly the opposite
corner from the writers who
take the position that man has
dignity but becomes ridiculous
when beset with a consuming
faith.
It is an interesting aspect of
Miss O’Connor’s career that
when her first work was being
published in the early fifties
she was gleefully identified by
many as her own antithesis. At
a great distance grappling an
tagonists often have a confusing
way of looking like lovers; un
happily, so far away are the
great majority of the active in
tellectuals of our time that any
intense and personal involve
ment with faith is a far field
indeed, and thus the early mud
dled concepts of Miss O’Con
nor’s meaning. Now that the
sixties are here and the author
has published her third book,
she is not misunderstood. This
does not mean, however, that
she is yet properly appreciated.
On the contrary, now that many
of her erstwhile admirers have
learned that she means precise
ly the opposite of their original
assumption, she may, in some
corners at least, be even less
appreciated.
Be that as it may, The Violent
Bear It Away is a substantial
addition to a small body of work
which already has established
Miss O’Connor as one of the fin
est craftsmen now writing fic
tion in the English language. A
Coed Man Is Hard to Find, pub
lished in 1955, is a collection of
short stories which deservedly
has won the author internation
al fame in highly discriminating
circles. Her first novel, Wise
Blood, was published in 1952,
and is one of those books which
receive at publication time a
great many harsh reviews in
popular publications with wide
circulation, and which are still
inspiring heated essays in liter
ary magazines many years lat
er; the harsh reviews do not
mean that the book is no good,
but the critical yammering does
prove that it matters. So, we
think, does The Violent Bear It
Away.
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